Journal articles: 'Wasted peat'

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Lyubov, V. K., A. N. Popov, and E. I. Popova. "Study the Еfficiency of the Вoiler Вurning Вiofuels and Рeat." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-3-20-25.

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The results of experimental research thermal and environmental performance of the boiler "Firematic 60" burning pellets, bark, pressed wood sanding dust, granulated peat and sod peat and black pellets of hydrolytic lignin are presented. The research identified the heat balance components of the boiler and gaseous emissions during burning solid fuels. The emissions of solid particles and the content of soot particles are studied. Energy survey found boiler provides high thermal and environmental performance during burning biofuels and granulated peat that should be used for buildings heating; especially in the conditions of North-Arctic region. The organization of production of black pellets of hydrolytic lignin allowed to obtain high-quality fuel from biomass wasted 40–60 years ago.

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Bugbee, G. J., and C. R. Frink. "Composted Waste as a Peat Substitute in Peat-lite Media." HortScience 24, no. 4 (August 1989): 625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.4.625.

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Abstract Sewage sludge, pharmaceutical fermentation residues, cranberry wastes, and food flavoring wastes that had been composted by in-vessel techniques were tested as substitutes for Canadian sphagnum peat in a Cornell peat-lite mix-A. Marigolds (Tagetes erecta L. ‘Lemondrop’) were grown in a medium containing 50% (by volume) vermiculite, and 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% compost, with the remainder comprised of Canadian peat. Marigold growth was improved when any or all of the peat was replaced with composted sewage sludge. Except for media containing 40% and 50% composted food flavoring waste, plant growth in nonliquid fertilized media containing the other composts was equal or superior to conventional Cornell peat-lite mix. Except for media containing 50% pharmaceutical, 50% cranberry, or 40% or 50% food flavoring compost, plant growth was improved by supplemental liquid fertilizer. Improved growth was related to increased levels of plant nutrients, while decreased growth, at the highest proportions of compost, resulted from excessive NH4N, pH, or soluble salts. Differences in aeration, water holding capacity, and other physical media properties were small. We conclude that many types of organic wastes, composted by in-vessel techniques, can be used as a substitute for part or all of the peat in a conventional peat-lite potting media.

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Fields, Jeb S., James S. Owen, and Holly L. Scoggins. "The Influence of Substrate Hydraulic Conductivity on Plant Water Status of an Ornamental Container Crop Grown in Suboptimal Substrate Water Potentials." HortScience 52, no. 10 (October 2017): 1419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11987-17.

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Many soilless substrates are inefficient with regard to water (i.e., high porosity and low water holding capacity), which provides an excellent opportunity to increase water efficiency in containerized production. We suggest that increasing hydraulic conductivity in the dry range of substrate moisture content occurring during production can increase water availability, reduce irrigation volume, and produce high quality, marketable crops. Three substrates were engineered using screened pine bark (PB) and amending with either Sphagnum peatmoss or coir to have higher unsaturated hydraulic conductivity between water potentials of −100 and −300 hPa. There was no correlation between substrate unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and saturated hydraulic conductivity (r = 0.04, P = 0.8985). Established Hydrangea arborescens (L.) ‘Annabelle’ plants were grown in the three engineered and a conventional (control) PB substrates exposed to suboptimal irrigation levels (i.e., held at substrate water potentials between −100 and −300 hPa) for 32 days. The plants in the engineered substrates outperformed the control in every growth and morphological metric measured, as well as exhibiting fewer (or no) physiological drought stress indicators (i.e., vigor, growth, plant development, etc.) compared with the control. We observed increased vigor measures in plants grown in substrates with higher unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, as well as greater plant water uptake. The coir increased unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and provided an increased air space when incorporated into coarse bark vs. if peat was incorporated into bark at the same ratio by volume. Increasing PB hydraulic conductivity, through screening bark or amending bark with fibrous materials, in concert with low irrigations can produce marketable, vigorous crops while reducing water consumed and minimizing water wasted in ornamental container production.

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Nkongolo, Nsalambi, Jean Caron, and Fabienne Gauthier. "Aeration Criteria and Plant Response in Peat Substrate Amended with Six Sources of Organic Wastes." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 799D—799. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.799d.

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Increasing rates (5%, 10%, 25%, and 40%, v/v) of six sources of organic wastes were substituted for peat to assess changes on the physical properties of peat–perlite media and the subsequent plant response. Wastes were both fresh and composted bio-filter, sewage sludge, and de-inked paper sludge. Geranium plants (Pelagornium ×hortum `Orbit Hot Pink') were grown in the media. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and air-filled porosity (AFP) were successively measured with a Cote infiltrometer and by time-domain reflectometry. Pore space tortuosity (PST) and gas relative diffusivity (Dp/Do) were calculated. Both physical and plant growth parameters were significantly affected by the source and rate of application of waste. Ksat (P = 0.0001, r = 0.937), AFP (P = 0.001, r = 0.984), PST (P = 0.0001, r = 0.935), Dp/Do (P = 0.0001, r - 0.872) linearly increased as the rate of waste increased in the media. However, plant height (P = 0.0001, r = 0.856), root dry weight (P = 0.0001, r = 0.994), and shoot dry weight (P = 0.0001, r = 0.963) either linearly or quadratically decreased as the rate of waste increased. Decreases in plant growth parameters were most likely due to high salinity of organic wastes.

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Calkins, James B., Beth R. Jarvis, and Bert T. Swanson. "Compost and Rubber Tire Chips as Peat Substitutes in Nursery Container Media: Growth Effects." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 15, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-15.2.88.

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Abstract This research investigated the feasibility of using composted yard wastes, composted municipal solid waste and shredded rubber tire chips in nursery container media. Containerized Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Dart's Gold’, Forsythia × ‘Meadowlark’, Spiraea × billiardii, Juniperus chinensis ‘Seagreen’, J. sabina ‘Mini Arcade’, J. horizontalis ‘Hughes’, and Lamiastrum galeobdolon were grown in media amended with five recycled waste materials used as peat substitutes in a standard container medium of composted woodchips, peat, and sand (3:2:1 by vol). Waste materials used included three yard waste composts, one municipal solid waste compost and shredded rubber tire chips. Fifty or 100% of the peat in the standard growing medium was replaced with each amendment. Ten treatments (five amendments, each at 50% and 100% peat replacement) and a control (standard medium) were used for all seven plant species. Visual ratings, height and width measurements (crown volume), number of growing points and plant dry weights indicated that media in which 50% of the peat was replaced by an amendment produced larger plants of superior quality compared to the control. Rubber tire chips were acceptable as a 50% peat substitute for plants that prefer well-drained conditions, while 100% peat substitution with tire chips was detrimental to plant growth and performance. Use of immature compost in container media negatively influenced plant growth.

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López, Rocío, Dora Gondar, Juan Antelo, Sarah Fiol, and Florencio Arce. "Proton binding on untreated peat and acid-washed peat." Geoderma 164, no. 3-4 (September 2011): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.06.018.

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Hamzah, Noorfaizah, Nur ‘Ain Mat Yusof, and Muhammad Ihsan Haziq Mohd Rahimi. "Assessment of compressive strength of peat soil with sawdust and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) with hydrated lime as additive." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925801014.

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Construction activities on peat soils are found to be extremely difficult as the soil is profound as soft soil and has low shear strength and high moisture content. Due to alternating swelling and shrinkage nature, it causes serious damage to the structure above it. This happens due to repetition of drying and wetting of soil. Stabilization of soil is commonly applied to improve the mechanical properties of soil prior to soil engineering works. This soil improvement method is advantageous and effective one by using waste materials. Waste in our country is divided in various types and it includes domestic wastes, industrial wasters, agricultural wastes etc. Because of difficulties to diminish these wastes without affect to environment and surroundings, it can be used as a stabilizing agent in the soil. Therefore, this experimental study carried out to evaluate the effect of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and sawdust on engineering properties of the peat soil. The properties such as compaction and unconfined compressive strength are determined separately with sawdust and added of RHA in peat soil at a variety of percentages (2.5%, 5% etc.) in addition small amount of constant rate of lime with 2% of the dry soil weight. By obtaining the results, it can deduce a promising and improving result in stabilizing the soil with sawdust and Rice Husk Ash in both economic and strength capacity. This will not only solve the waste disposal problem but also enhance the strength characteristics of soil significantly.

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Hilwane, Nur Amalina, Norazzlina M. Sa’don, and Abdul Razak Abdul Karim. "Effect of Waste Tire Reinforcement with and without Cement Additives on Peat Strength Improvement." Defect and Diffusion Forum 411 (September 8, 2021): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.411.121.

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This paper presents the peat ground improvement techniques using waste-tire as a fibre reinforced material. In this study, two sizes of the waste-tire are chosen, which are 0.05 mm and 1-3 mm, respectively. The collected peat is classified as Sapric peat with the degree of decomposition of H7 based on von Post classification with high moisture content of 400% was recorded. The Sapric peat is treated with the waste-tire at designated percentages of 5%, 10% and 15% with the addition of 5% of cement acting as a binder. The untreated and treated peat without and with cement content are compacted at the optimum moisture content for both the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test and Direct Shear Box Test. The specimens were air-cured for 7, 28, 56, and 90 days. Hypothetically, higher percentages of rubber improve the shear stress value of the treated peat. According to the results the finer size (0.05mm) of the tire produces a higher shear stress, which may due the finer sizes of the waste-tire filled the void between the soil particles. Further, from the 90 days of curing UCS results, there is a significant increase in compressive strength with the increase percentage of the waste-tire peat mixed samples. In summary, soil stabilized by the scrap-tire is believed to decrease the optimum moisture content and the maximum dry densities, but it helps in increasing the unconfined compressive strength value. Stabilizing by using the tire wastes not only increasing the strength of the soil, but it also helps in reducing the disposal problems.

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Suo, Lin Na, Xiang Yang Sun, and Su Yan Li. "Charred and Composted Agriculture-Forestry Organic Wastes as Components of Growing Media for the Production of Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Cv. ‘Pink Lady’)." Advanced Materials Research 211-212 (February 2011): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.211-212.48.

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The primary component of soilless rooting media for ornamental plant production is peat. However, quality peat is costly and is a nonrenewable natural resource. The current study compared the suitability of using charred and composted agriculture–forestry organic wastes (AFOW) vs. sphagnum peat as components of the growth medium for the ornamental plant Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanumcv. ‘Pink Lady’). Ten media were prepared from composted corn cobs (C), charred corn cobs (CH), charred garden wastes (CHG), and Pindstrup sphagnum peat moss (P). These media contained (% v/v): CH (100%), C (100%), CHG (100%), C (70%) + CHG (30%), CH (70%) + CHG(30%), C (35%) + CHG (15%) + P (50%), CH (50%) + P (50%), CH (35%) + CHG (15%) + P (50%), C (50%) + P (50%), and P (100%) as the control. After 8 months in the greenhouse, the growth and flowering of transplanted Anthurium were best with P, CH+P, CH+CHG+P. The results indicate that mixing charred AFOW with peat would provide a suitable medium for Anthurium production while reducing the need for peat and converting waste materials into useful products.

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Daigle, Jean-Yves. "Use of Sphagnum Peatmoss in a Composting Process." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 465E—465. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.465e.

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The general population is constantly reminded of the need to adopt a more environmental-friendly approach to waste disposal on all scales. Commercial fishing generates large proportions of waste, ranging from 40% to more than 80% of the catch! The objective of conserving the nutrients and other organic values contained in this type of waste is unlikely to be fully met by bulking for aerobic composting with materials of low buffering capacity, such as straw or wood wastes. However, the capacity of peat for deodorizing of decomposing organic wastes as well as its high buffering capacity has been well demonstrated. This presentation shows how the incorporation of sphagnum peatmoss in a composting process contributes significantly to the production of a valuable organic soil amendment.

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Lunag, Marcelino N., Jeffrey Z. Duran, and Eugene D. Buyucan. "Waste analysis and characterisation study of a hill station: A case study of Baguio City, Philippines." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 11 (August 30, 2019): 1102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19866249.

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A waste analysis and characterisation study requires urgent measures to regulate and to solve the piling up of garbage worldwide; this is an essential factor towards the projection of a feasible and environmentally acceptable solution. Baguio City is a favourite holiday destination during summer in the Philippines; initially designed as a hill station for 25,000 people, its population has now risen to 345,400, which doubles and even triples during peak seasons. As such, this study was conducted to determine the levels of waste generation and assess the current diversion method of its municipal solid waste to prevent the town from further deteriorating into unsustainable urbanisation. The results revealed that the total waste generated is 402,776.38 kg per day, wherein the average per capita waste generation for domestic sources is 0.4193 kg per day. Solid waste is composed of biodegradables (41.67%), recyclables (33.78%), residuals (24.15%) and special wastes (0.40%), with the average moisture level of the solid waste sample at 57.462%. With tourists contributing 19.69% of those wastes during peak events, the only recoverable wastes were biodegradables and recyclables, which have a diversion percentage of 23.28%. The study recommends to the city of Baguio to have its own engineered sanitary landfill, simulated GIS-based collection system and expanded waste recovery facility, to increase waste-diversion percentages and to decrease its expenditure for hauling, collecting, storing and transporting its solid waste, in order to adhere to its mission of creating a sustainable and enabling environment.

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Bondarenko, Anastasia, Oksana Tverda, Mykola Repin, Kostiantyn Tkachuk, Oleksii Kofanov, and Olena Kofanova. "The use of waste from the production of gravel as fertilizer for cultivation of technical energy crops." Technology audit and production reserves 3, no. 1(59) (June 30, 2021): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.235198.

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The object of research is the process of management and treatment of crushed stone production waste. Modern approaches to the disposal of crushed stone production waste are analyzed. It is revealed that crushed stone production wastes are mainly used in the construction industry, and their volumes of use are insufficient to neutralize the impact of dumps on the environment. The chemical composition of crushed stone production wastes was analyzed and an experiment was carried out to determine the possibility of their use as fertilizers for the cultivation of industrial energy crops. For the experiment, an energy crop was chosen – sorghum. Sorghum seeds were placed in two types of soil: regular peat substrate and peat substrate with the addition of rock in a ratio of 60:40. Waste from crushed stone production – rock, which includes: quartzite – 90–98 %, pyrophyllite – 1–9 %, ore mineral – 0.3–1 %. The results of the experiment showed an increase in the biomass of sorghum grown on a peat substrate with the addition of rock, 1.5 times, compared with that grown on a conventional peat substrate. Accordingly, the energy yield of sorghum per hectare of field will also grow by 50 %. In addition to increasing the biomass of sorghum, as a result of the experiment, an increase in the number of secondary and tertiary roots was found when it was grown on a peat substrate with the addition of rock. A more developed root system allows the plant to receive more moisture and nutrients, thereby increasing its endurance and drought resistance. The results obtained can be explained by the positive effect of silica, of which more than 90 % of the rock is composed, on the growth and development of plants. It is proposed to increase the level of environmental safety of mining regions through the use of crushed stone waste as fertilizers for industrial energy crops and the transition to alternative energy sources, in particular biofuels made on the basis of these crops.

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Pérez-Gimeno, Ana, José Navarro-Pedreño, María Belén Almendro-Candel, Ignacio Gómez, and Antonis A. Zorpas. "The use of wastes (organic and inorganic) in land restoration in relation to their characteristics and cost." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 5 (February 22, 2019): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19828171.

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The great extent of degraded soils in southeast Spain makes it necessary to carry out restoration and rehabilitation strategies. In addition, the great amount of wastes produced need to be properly managed. Several types of wastes and amendments (organic and inorganic) can be applied for soil rehabilitation and land restoration. When large areas must be restored several aspects should be considered, such as availability of the waste, its characteristics, and transport. This research focuses on the characterization and the cost of 12 waste types and amendments (such as sewage sludge compost, brown peat, black peat, fertilized peat, earthworm humus, straw hay, palm tree leaves, pine bark, exfoliated vermiculite, expanded perlite, limestone outcrops, and volcanic crushed stones) obtained from four different sources. All of them were characterized following the UNE standards for soil amendments and the cost was obtained as a mean value of four different sources. The results indicate a great variability of properties between organic and inorganic materials, as was expected. Depending on the type of restoration, the characteristics, and the cost, the materials can be selected for an adequate purpose. Sewage sludge compost is a good alternative for application in large areas related to its characteristics (organic matter content and nutrient availability) and low cost. For inorganic amendments, natural limestone outcrops were the low-cost alternative. The use of both wastes (composted sewage sludge and limestone raw materials) for soil rehabilitation can facilitate the reduction of landfill disposal and add value for these wastes. Moreover, the results are very useful for scientists and engineers who deal with the development of rehabilitation and restoration strategies.

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Abdissa, Desalegn. "Optimization of oil extraction process from blended sludge and algae for biodiesel production." Production Engineering Archives 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2021.27.27.

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Abstract Sewage sludge is one of the most polluting wastes that affect the environment, which contains organic and inorganic pollutants released into the surroundings. Using non-renewable energy for the engine also releases large amounts of pollutants results from combustion products was other issues to the environment. The decline of non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, fossil fuel, and petroleum made the world increase the production of alternative fuels like waste-derived fuels. Recently, biodiesel production developed from edible oil to cover the depilation of non-renewable energy supply. But it has also become a significant challenge for food security. Therefore, finding other potential opportunities for lipid extraction is crucial. Algae and sludge conversion presented by recent studies seem to be a promising method. The paper presents the extraction and optimization of lipids from blended sludge and algae for biodiesel production. The procedure of the study was a characterization of algal and sludge wastes, the extraction of the lipid component by Soxhlet extraction, and the parameters optimization for maximum oil yield obtain. Temperature, extraction time, and solvents were the basic factor affect oil extraction yield. In the optimization 80 temperature, 6hrs time and hexane solvent results in 61% oil extraction yield which maximum point. Algae and wastewater sludge high potential of lipid and can be substitute edible oil supplies for biodiesel production.

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Hummel, Rita L., Craig Cogger, Andy Bary, and Robert Riley. "Marigold and Pepper Growth in Container Substrates Made from Biosolids Composted with Carbon-rich Organic Wastes." HortTechnology 24, no. 3 (June 2014): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.3.325.

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Composts made from organic wastes have the potential to substitute for peat and bark as components of container growth substrates. Composts for this research were produced in small-scale aerobic bins using biosolids blended with construction debris, storm debris, or horse waste in a 1:3 (v:v ratio). The composts were screened and blended 1:1 (v:v) with douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) bark to produce substrates. They were compared with a peat–perlite control substrate, a biosolids blend control substrate, and substrates made from a commercial biosolids compost mixed 1:1 with bark and from fiber from an anaerobic digester (dairy manure and food waste) mixed 1:1 with bark. Chemical and physical properties of the substrates were measured before transplanting, and growth, quality, and leaf color of ‘Little Hero Flame’ marigold (Tagetes patula) and ‘Golden California Wonder’ bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) were measured in a replicated greenhouse study comparing the substrates at two rates of nitrogen (N) application. The experimental biosolids composts-bark substrates performed similar to the peat–perlite and biosolids blend controls for growing marigold and pepper. The commercial biosolids compost mixed with bark did not perform as well as the experimental substrates or the controls. Digester fiber-bark was intermediate between commercial biosolids compost-bark and other treatments. Higher N rates improved plant growth and quality across all container substrates in pepper, but had fewer significant effects on marigold. Experimental substrates were coarser texture than the peat–perlite or biosolids blend controls, resulting in higher aeration porosity (AP) and lower water-holding capacity (WHC), but performed well nonetheless under the drip irrigation used in this study. Using locally sourced organic waste materials as container substrates can help capture value from organic wastes and contribute to the sustainability of nursery production practices.

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Mohamad, Mazizah Ezdiani, Afnan Ahmad, Hafizah Binti Sadon, Muslich Hartadi Sutanto, Mastura Bujang, Azrul Bin Zulwali Kifli, and Syazie Nordzaima Ali Mohamad. "Peat Stabilization Using Waste Crumb Rubber Tire." Civil Engineering and Architecture 10, no. 7 (December 2022): 3253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/cea.2022.100735.

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Teijón-López-Zuazo, Evelio, Jorge López-Rebollo, Luis Javier Sánchez-Aparicio, Roberto Garcia-Martín, and Diego Gonzalez-Aguilera. "Compression and Strain Predictive Models in Non-Structural Recycled Concretes Made from Construction and Demolition Wastes." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123177.

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This work aims to investigate different predictive models for estimating the unconfined compressive strength and the maximum peak strain of non-structural recycled concretes made up by ceramic and concrete wastes. The extensive experimental campaign carried out during this research includes granulometric analysis, physical and chemical analysis, and compression tests along with the use of the 3D digital image correlation as a method to estimate the maximum peak strain. The results obtained show that it is possible to accurately estimate the unconfined compressive strength for both types of concretes, as well as the maximum peak strain of concretes made up by ceramic waste. The peak strain for mixtures with concrete waste shows lower correlation values.

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Дудкин (Dudkin), Денис (Denis) Владимирович (Vladimirovich, and Ирина (Irina) Михайловна (Mikhailovna) Федяева (Fedyaeva). "LOW-WASTE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCING HUMIC SUBSTANCES FROM PEAT OF DIFFERENT BOTANICAL COMPOSITION AND DECOMPOSITION DEGREE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018023356.

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Objective: create a cost-effective and environmentally safe technology of obtaining of humic substances allows to use as organic raw materials all kinds of peat.Objectives of the study: reducing overall energy cost, temperature, pressure, duration of process and the number of stages of production of humic substances; increase the practical output while minimizing waste; reduced labor costs; the creation of a "flexible" system changes in production volumes of finished products.The paper presents low-waste technology of obtaining solutions of humic substances from peat with low decomposition degree (less than 15 %) and ash content (less than 10%). The technology used for the first time mechanochemical method of processing of peat, based on the cavitation of mechanical activation of chemical processes. The technology differs from similar technologies the ability to use any types of raw peat botanical composition, including the types of sphagnum peat with low degree of decomposition for the production of solutions of humic substances intended for use as a liquid humic fertilizer. The developed technology is characterized by high economic performance, due to the higher degree of conversion of raw materials and lower energy costs by reducing the duration of the process. The ability to reuse the resulting production of organic wastes increases the environmental effectiveness of technological solutions due to a significant increase in practical yield and reducing waste. Presents the technological scheme allows to flexibly change the volume of production without substantial costs for the reorganization proceedings. Lower values of temperature and pressure of the technological process make the production process more secure.

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Jakusné Sári, Sz, and E. Forró. "Relationships between humification and productivity in peat-based and peat-free growing media." Horticultural Science 35, No. 2 (June 24, 2008): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/638-hortsci.

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Peat-based and peat-free (compost) materials were tested in a vegetable forcing experiment with Danubia green pepper (<I>Capsicum annuum</I> L.). Stability and quality of humic substances and the turnover of different nitrogen forms was determined in the studied media during the vegetation period. The main objective was to find how the degree of humification might influence the productivity of a crop under greenhouse conditions. The highest humus stability and humus stability coefficient values were detected in the green waste compost. Among different peat media, the low-moor peat was more humificated than the mixture of low-moor and high-moor peat. When the medium is more humificated it has a larger mobile nitrogen reserve. However, the structure stability decreases with the increasing humification. The mixture of two types of peat had the most favourable effect on nitrogen supply and the yield of pepper was the highest when grown on this medium. The nitrogen supplying ability of the examined compost was excellent but its structure stability deteriorated during the growing season.

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Mentari, Alvi Eka, Adian Khoironi, and Hadiyanto. "The impact of disposable mask waste pollution in peat soil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1098, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1098/1/012016.

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Abstract The abundance of plastic waste in Indonesia has increased due to the contribution of disposable masks waste during the COVID-19 pandemic. The improper waste management causes the habit of dumping waste in the soil system to still frequently occur. The secondary microplastics from disposable mask waste has the potential to damage soil quality and soil capillary water. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of understanding the effects of disposable mask waste in peat soil. The research was conducted by setting up 3 reactors containing peat soil with disposable mask waste buried in it and some plants being grown on it. For 45 days, observations and samples were taken, both filtrate water and soil for analysis. The analysis results showed significant changes in soil properties with changes in the concentration of inorganic matter, organic matter, porosity, bulk density, and water content. Further research needs to be done to see the effects of disposable mask waste in the soil system in real conditions where several confounding variables cannot be controlled.

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Timofeeva, S. S., S. I. Islamova, and D. V. Ermolaev. "COMPOSITE FUEL BASED ON PEAT AND WOOD WASTE." Transactions of Academenergo 57, no. 4 (2019): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34129/2070-4755-2019-57-4-122-132.

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Solikhah, F., W. Assavalapsakul, and E. Zulaika. "Peat Endogenous Lignocellulolytic Bacteria for Humic Waste Decomposition." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1108 (November 2018): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1108/1/012023.

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de Buzin, Pedro Jorge Walburga Keglevich, Weslei Monteiro Ambrós, Irineu Antônio Schadach de Brum, Rejane Maria Candiota Tubino, Carlos Hoffmann Sampaio, and Josep Oliva Moncunill. "Development of a Physical Separation Route for the Concentration of Base Metals from Old Wasted Printed Circuit Boards." Minerals 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11091014.

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Wastes from old electronic devices represent a significant part of the electronic scrap generated in developing countries, being commonly sold by collectors as low-value material to recycling hubs abroad. Upgrading the quality of this waste type could drive the revenue of recyclers, and thus, boost the recycling market. On this basis, this study investigated the possibility of concentrating metals from old wasted printed circuit boards through a physical separation-based route. Preparation of samples comprised fragmentation, size classification, density, and magnetic separation steps, followed by chemical and macro composition analysis. Cu, Al, Fe, and Sn constituted the major metals encountered in the scraps, including some peak concentrations of Zn, Sb, Pb, Ba, and Mn. Four distinct concentrate products could be obtained after suitable processing: (a) a light fraction composed of plastics and resins; (b) an aluminum concentrate; (c) a magnetic material concentrate, containing mainly iron; (d) a final concentrate containing more than 50% in mass of copper and enriched with nonferrous metals. Preliminary evidence showed that further processes, like the separation of copper wires through drumming, can potentially improve the effectiveness of the proposed processing circuit and should guide future works.

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Li, Deming. "Analysis of Agricultural Biomass Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Evidence from China." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (July 11, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6126944.

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China is a large agricultural country, where agricultural activities and rural life cause a large amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the process of crop growth, production, and processing, a large number of crop straws and agricultural wasted products are produced, which become one of the important sources of biomass resources. However, few detailed studies focused on the potential of China’s agricultural biomass energy conversion and carbon emission reduction, and fewer studies proposed GHG emission reduction strategies from the perspective of making full use of China’s agricultural waste resources. In this study, the quantity calculation index of agricultural biomass energy was given, and the GHG emission reduction potential calculation index of agricultural biomass energy was constructed, with which the amount of GHG emissions caused by agricultural waste use in China was measured and the potential of GHG emission reduction caused by agricultural waste use would be easily speculated. Based on the statistical data of China, the quantity and GHG emission reduction potential of agricultural biomass resources in China in the recent 10 years (2009∼2018) were clarified. According to the research, the amount of agricultural waste equivalent to standard coal in China from 2009 to 2018 reached 280,0711 million tons. If all these resources were used to replace coal, a total of 4,474,483 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions could be saved. Assuming that these wastes are anaerobic, carbonized, or fully burned as fuel, CH4 emissions could be reduced by up to 12.024 million tons and N2O emissions by up to 185,000 tons. It can be seen that the effective utilization of agricultural biomass resources can replace coal, reduce backwardness such as land burning, and then reduce CO2, CH4, N2O, and other greenhouse gas emissions, and promote the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

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Lis, Teresa, and Krzysztof Nowacki. "Pro-ecological possibilities of using metallurgical waste in the production of aggregates." Production Engineering Archives 28, no. 3 (August 5, 2022): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2022.28.31.

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Abstract Waste management is a very important issue for the sustainable development of the modern world. The metallurgical industry is an industry that has been generating and still generates large amounts of waste that may have a negative impact on the natural environment and human health. Metallurgical waste comes from current production and is collected in landfills/heaps. Any research enabling the management of waste, including metallurgical waste, is justified. This study presents the results of research on waste that can be used in the production of aggregates – research related to natural radioactivity and the introduction of hazardous substances into water or soil. The study highlights the diversified chemical composition of metallurgical waste, which requires detailed research of the waste before it is directed to the production of aggregates. Aggregate, as a building material, is subject to specific legal (normative) regulations. Metallurgical waste that meets the requirements for the protection of the natural environment and human health should be used for the production of building materials - it is an environmentally friendly activity that implements the principles of sustainable development.

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Bachman, Gray R. "(160) Are All Vermicomposts Created Equal?" HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1006A—1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1006a.

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The horticulture industry continues to show interest in using stabilized organic wastes as a component of container media. Vermicompost, also known as worm-worked waste or worm castings, is one of these materials of interest and can be produced from a number of organic wastes, including manure wastes. One issue that has not been addressed is the uniformity of vermicomposts produced from wastes of different sources. Are all vermicomposts created equal? The uniformity of vermicompost is important for growers to consider when using as a medium amendment. This research project investigated the physical properties of vermicompost 1) from different sources of wastes and 2) from a single waste source sequentially sampled over time. The first stage determined the physical properties of vermicompost from beef manure, hog manure, and peat-based media used by two earthworm growers. There were significant differences between the four vermicomposts in bulk density, air volume, percent air volume, percent volumetric moisture, total porosity, and water holding capacity. The second stage involved determining the physical characteristics of vermicompost produced from beef manure collected at the Illinois State University Research Farm from cattle receiving a consistent diet through the year. Manure was collected bimonthly. There was no difference in vermicompost bulk density among the samples. There were significant differences in air volume, percent air volume, percent volumetric moisture, total porosity, and water holding capacity. These changes in vermicompost physical characteristics must be quantified for growers to accurately predict performance as a growth medium amendment.

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Bień, Jurand. "Production and use of waste-derived fuels in Poland: current status and perspectives." Production Engineering Archives 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2021.27.5.

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Abstract In the paper issues related to the production and utilisation of waste-derived fuel (alternative fuel) in Poland are presented. Alternative fuel comes from dry residue of waste, mostly municipal, and is treated as a waste. In European Waste Catalogue waste-derived fuel is marked with 191210 code despite their municipal, industrial or mixed origin. The production and utilisation of alternative fuel were analysed with the data from sixteen polish voivodships’ annual reports. The total amount of waste-derived fuel produced in Poland exceeds 3 million tonnes annually. It means there is no balance between the amount of production and possibility of energy recovery in Poland. In 2018 only 1,54 million tons was recovered in R1 recovery process which is only half of the waste-derived fuel produced. In addition, the entire amount of fuel is used in the cement industry. In 2018 in the cement industry 1,46 millions tons of alternative fuel was used. It is estimated that the potential use of alternative fuel by cement plants in Poland is about 1.5-1.8 million tonnes. This means that greater use of alternative fuel in the cement sector is significantly limited. The difference between in the amount of fuel produced and the amount of fuel used for energy recovery in 2018 is around 1.67 million tons. This situation has a significant impact on the economy of waste management in the field of combustible waste production.

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Sister, V. G., E. M. Ivannikova, E. M. Sulman, Yu V. Lugovoi, Yu Yu Kosivtsov, and K. V. Chalov. "Combined catalytic pyrolysis of peat and petroleum-containing wastes." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 47, no. 9-10 (January 2012): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-012-9518-2.

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Nurhanisa, Mega, and Mikrajuddin Abdullah. "Development of Statues from Domestic Waste Composites Coated with Carboneus Phosphor Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1112 (July 2015): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.406.

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Various attempts have been made to solve problems of abundant solid wastes in big cities. One approach is the utilization of domestic waste to make composite materials, such as particle board. To increase the attractiveness of the product in this study we develop prototypes of statues using composites of domestic solid wastes and then coated the statues using carboneus phosphor material to produce artistic color under ultraviolet illumination. The composite materials were derived from domestic waste such as leaves, paper, and plastics as a filler and polyvinil acetate as a matrix. The coated material was a luminescent colloidal carbon particles that have been synthesized from urea ((NH2)2CO) and citric acid (C6H8O7) using a simple heating method. The colloidan carbon emits a luminescence peak at around 457 nm (blue color) under UV illumination. The produced statue from the domectic wastes composites we simply coated by a mixture of epoxy resin and phosphor material. Under UV light, the statue surface shows a bluish white luminescence.

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Van Impe, William F., and Abdelmalek Bouazza. "Densification of domestic waste fills by dynamic compaction." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 33, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t96-118.

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Dynamic compaction of solid waste is important in landfill operations because increasing the density of the material increases the storage capacity of the landfill. Differential settlements are also reduced, which is important for the integrity of the cover system. In this paper, a case study concerning a waste disposal site situated at Maldegem, Belgium, is presented. It is shown that young landfills behave differently from old landfills. This phenomenon results from the biodegradation of the wastes. Moreover, it is shown that the depth of influence, the crater depth, the enforced settlement, and the peak particle velocity are affected by this ageing process. Key words: dynamic compaction, landfills, SASW method, waste.

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Wang, Jing Wei, Wen Pan, and Zhuo Yin Jiang. "Research on the Strength Growth Model of Peat Soil." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.860.

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The Dian Lake Peat soil is studied as the research object in this paper, through the strengthening treatment by adding the cement and some suitable additives as well as a certain amount of waste residue, the compressive strength are taken into consideration in comparison in the different curing composition and other factors in performance of solidified soil. And it importantly discussed the applicability of curing agent and different variables (cement, the formula of curing agent, construction waste, age) in the incremental changes of unconfined compressive strength of curing peat soil.

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Joshi, Shubham, and Payal Bhargava. "Waste Management Integration with Green Quality Function Deployment (G-QFD) for Healthcare Centre." Production Engineering Archives 22, no. 22 (March 1, 2019): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2019.22.09.

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Abstract High doses of medical waste evidence that health waste management is problematic. A case study was conducted at various health institutions. This research analyzes various issues in the area of medical waste management. The research examines the perception of staff regarding medical waste management. The purpose of the study is to investigate the level of knowledge, attitudes and role of health practitioners in the management of medical waste. Here the quality index and the environmental index of two health centers are studied; one is a private hospital and the other one a state hospital and compares these two indices with a questionnaire. To provide environmentally friendly services, customers and environmental criteria have to be taken into account in the decision-making process and distributing the Green Quality Function provides a very useful way to achieve this goal.

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Win, Zar Che, Leslie Joy L. Diaz, Teresita R. Perez, and Kiyohiko Nakasaki. "Phytoremediation of Heavy metal Contaminated Wastes from Small-scale Gold Mining Using Pityrogramma calomelanos." E3S Web of Conferences 148 (2020): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014805007.

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In this study, viability of employing the waste treatment technique for industrial application was conducted by setting up a phytoremediation protocol for field application where heavy metal (Arsenic and Copper) contaminated adsorbents, i.e. coco peat and nanofiber membrane, used for the treatment of wastewater were also included. An arsenic hyperaccumulator, Pityrogramma calomelanos was used for the treatment of mine wastes-tailings, coco peat and nanofiber membrane. Phytoremediation procedure was established by investigating planting parameters namely ; plot height - (9 cm and 15 cm) and planting distance- (15 cm and 20 cm) for a period of five months. Translocation factor and % uptake of As and Cu by ferns were measured. According to the results, % uptake of As and Cu by P. Calomelanos was 0.16 % and 0.01 % and translocation factor of As and Cu was 6.78 and 0.04, respectively. Plant growth factors (root length, frond height and dry weight) in tailings mixture plant boxes and control soil were also determined. Accordingly, P. calomelanos grew well in tailings mixture without the symptom of phytotoxicity. Therefore, P. calomelanos can be used for the phytoremediation of the said heavy metal contaminated mine wastes. Based on this study, 15 cm plot height and 20 cm plant distance were suitable for field experiment although long term research data is required. The overall protocol for the treatment of mine wastes as field experiment was proposed based on the results.

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Tesfamichael, A. A., and K. Stoknes. "Substitution of peat with vermicompost from food waste digestate and green waste compost." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1168 (July 2017): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1168.51.

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Rizal Alamsyah. "Production of Low Emission Pellet from Coco Peat Waste." CORD 29, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v29i2.84.

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Study was conducted on coco peat as a low emission pellet form biomass fuel alternative to produce synthetic gas (syngas) through gasification process in use for other processes. Coco peat was first screened and formulated with other materials such as coco peat, starch, and waste cooking oil. These materials were mixed and pelletized using a pelletizer to form coco peat pellet. It was burned on an updraft gasifier to produce synthetic gas (syngas) and then streamed to a stove through a pipe. The syngas was then split and burned and the heat generated was used for boiling water and for drying agricultural products. Air quality around the stove (emission test) was measured and analyzed when gasification took place. The best results of coco peat pellet were made from 85% of coco peat waste, 5% starch (binder), and 10% of waste cooking oil with stronger texture and shiny surface. The experimental gasification using updraft gasifier exhibited better result when half of the volume of gasifier was filled with 5 kg pellet and the syngas produced can be used for 3.5 hours drying and boiling. Air quality surrounding the stove was tested during gasification process. It was done based on the Indonesian Environmental Regulation issued by Indonesian the Ministry of Environment on Standards (KEP-13/MENLH/3/1995 dated March 7th, 1995) regarding standard air quality from static matter and covers NH3, Cl2, HCl, HF, NO2, particles, SO2 and H2S parameters. The result of measurements indicated that all parameters meet the quality standards) including CO and CO2 at 0.0001 mg/kg.

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Molitor, H. D., and U. Brückner. "WASTE PAPER - A SUBSTITUTE FOR PEAT IN HORTICULTURE (REFEREED)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 450 (July 1997): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.450.4.

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Farrell, M., and D. L. Jones. "Food waste composting: Its use as a peat replacement." Waste Management 30, no. 8-9 (August 2010): 1495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.01.032.

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Joseph, Ifeoma V., Giulia Roncaglia, Lubomira Tosheva, and Aidan M. Doyle. "Waste peat ash mineralogy and transformation to microporous zeolites." Fuel Processing Technology 194 (November 2019): 106124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106124.

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Robalds, A., M. Klavins, and A. Zicmanis. "Peat as Sorbent for Cu2+ and Cr3+ Ions." Latvian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2011): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10161-011-0060-x.

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Peat as Sorbent for Cu2+ and Cr3+ Ions Heavy metals as trace elements can often be found in industrial waste waters, and their discharge to the environment is a significant threat due to their acute toxicity to the aquatic and terrestrial life. The common methods used for removal of toxic metals and trace elements from the municipal and industrial waste waters are based on their adsorption onto insoluble compounds - sorbents. Synthetic sorbents usually are quite expensive; therefore, as a prospective approach to the metal removal, the use of a natural sorbent - peat - was tested. Peat as sorbent was proved to have a relatively high sorption capacity in respect to the studied metal ions, it can be used batchwise and in a dynamic regime and is a relatively robust and reliable sorbent regarding pH, the ionic strength, and the amounts of sorbed metal.

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Md Zain, Nor Hazwani, Mazlizawati Mustapha, and Abdul Samad Abdul Rahman. "Settlement Behaviour of Peat Reinforced With Recycled Waste Tyre Granules." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926604002.

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Peat is a problematic soil for having high organic content and high water content in nature. This soil is normally avoided for construction as it shows significant primary and secondary settlement even under moderate load. Ground improvement is conducted to improve peat properties by using cement column, soil replacement, chemical and biological stabilisation and others. However, some of these methods have their drawbacks for being non-sustainable to the environment, very costly, ineffectiveness and slow result performance. Alternative method using recycled waste tyre granules is seen as an innovative approach to reduce the settlement behaviour of peat in a more sustainable way. This paper investigates the effect of waste tyre granules on the settlement behaviour of peat. One-Dimensional consolidation test is carried out on natural sample and samples added with 5 % waste tyre granules with and without addition of sand as filler. The settlement curves for all samples do not show distinct separation between primary and secondary compression stages when using Casagrande’s method. Sample which is reinforced with 5 % waste tyre granules and sand has lower compression index and swelling index compared to other samples. The coefficient of volume of compressibility for all samples is reduced with increasing stress levels.

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Stoknes, Ketil, Ewelina Wojciechowska, Agnieszka Jasinska, and Ralph Noble. "Amelioration of Composts for Greenhouse Vegetable Plants Using Pasteurised Agaricus Mushroom Substrate." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 6779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236779.

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When using food and green waste composts as peat-free plant growing media, there is a challenge that nutrient immobilisation and high pH and salts content limit plant growth. The present study explored the use of spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Agaricus subrufescens in a sustainable plant growing system where only vermicompost from digested food waste and composted green wastes were used, even for the seedling stage. However, negative effects of high compost inclusion were offset by adding SMC. Significantly higher plant yield was obtained in several of the SMC amended treatments in four out of five lettuce experiments and in one tomato experiment. In addition, an experiment with cucumbers showed that nutrients were not available to the plant when the mushroom mycelium was actively growing, but became available if the mushroom mycelium had been inactivated first by pasteurisation. A significant effect from SMC was not observed under full fertigation. This study demonstrated that the addition of pasteurised Agaricus mycelium colonised compost can successfully offset negative effects from high pH and EC as well as limited nutrient supply (and nitrogen immobilisation) in peat-free, compost-based growing media.

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Kostenberg, D., and U. Marchaim. "Solid Waste from the Instant Coffee Industry as a Substrate for Anaerobic Thermophilic Digestion." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0084.

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In the process of producing “instant coffee”, large quantities of relatively solid waste (20%) are left, causing ecological harm to the area by polluting ground water, and which therefore have to be carted from the factory and dumped, at considerable expense. Several solutions and alternative uses of the coffee wastes have already been examined (as fertilizers, livestock feed, compost) without giving economically viable results. The aim of this research was to develop biogas technology for the treatment of coffee wastes and the evaluation of the digested material as a growth medium for horticulture. The study included anaerobic, thermophilic, methanogenic digestion of solid coffee wastes in laboratory scale digesters. Optimal conditions for the process in loading rates, retention time, solids concentration and chemical parameters were examined. The results of these experiments showed that digestion of instant coffee waste is a feasible process, not requiring the expected addition of nitrogen, nor prior grinding of the coffee waste, though pH control was necessary. The continuous anaerobic digestion process can achieve a steady state of fermentation at loading rates up to 4.7 g VS/l/d. The overall qualities of the digested slurry were determined, with a view to their suitability for horticulture. It was found that there is a clear similarity in both root and plant growth using peat-moss or digested coffee slurry, after thermophilic digestion, as soil growth media for growing Gypsophila. Growth promotion effects on Phlox plants were found, as well as a positive effect on the growth-rate of rootlets sprouting in Lysimachiafontuni.

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I. U., Haruna, Kabir M., Yalo S. G., Muhammad A., and Ibrahim A. S. "Quantitative Analysis of Solid Waste Generation from Tanneries in Kano State." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Studies 7, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joees.2022.v07i01.004.

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Tanning industries have been so important since ancient times because it helps to produce essential goods such as garment and footwear. However, these industries have been polluting the environment, so there was a need for investigations, observations, and analysis by researchers for better management and environmental sustainability. In this study, solid wastes from tanning industries in Kano State, Nigeria were quantitatively analyzed. Both questionnaires and physical measurements were used in the Bompai, Sharada, and Challawa industrial areas. The average weight of raw skin was 0.96 kg and the generation rate was 27.5% of the total weight of processed skin. It was found that 85% of the generated waste was organic, while only 15% was inorganic. The peak season for a solid waste generation was the holy season of the Muslim-majority communities, known as "Eid al-Adha", (10th-13th Zulhajj of the lunar calendar). While the off-peak generation season was during the rainy season, generated solid wastes from the tanning industries could have the potential for sustainable utilization in terms of renewable energy generation and some agricultural applications. It was therefore recommended that future researches should analyze the potentiality of these industries for the benefit of Kano State.

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Chaudhary, Monika, Vartika Verma, and Nidhi Srivastava. "In Vitro Antiacne and Antidandruff activity of extracted stigmasterol from seed waste of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)." Plant Science Today 6, sp1 (December 31, 2019): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.sp1.670.

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The present study deals with extraction of saponins and their characterization from the seed wastes of safflower. The presence of stigmasterol in the extracted safflower seed waste (S.W.S) was confirmed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), followed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) on the basis of its peak compared with stigmasterol standard. FTIR showed the identical functional groups of butanolic extract of SSW with standard while TLC and HPLC showed their notable peak and retention time with the same. Further in-vitro antiacne and antidandruff microbial activity of extracted stigmasterol was confirmed by disc diffusion method. This preliminary study has exhibited anti-acne and anti dandruff potential of Safflower seed waste extract, in future which could be used in therapies and cosmetic applications.

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Liu, Li Fan, Yong Wei Liao, Jie Liang, and Shu Ting Lai. "Study of Anaerobic Digestion of Model Kitchen Waste." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2692.

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The characteristics such as pH, dry matter, carbon concentration, the total solid and volatile solid of kitchen wastes produced by a canteen in Guangzhou were measured. The anaerobic digestion process performances were evaluated through the examination of operational conditions like activated sludge inoculation, temperature on SS, biogas production, COD concentration and pH in the reactor. When the proportion between kitchen wastes to seed sludge inoculation was 1:1, the biogas production reached the peak at 45 °C. The kitchen waste pH decreased at the first four days then increased adversely after 4 days digestion, but COD concentration showed the opposite variation.

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Jalal, Mahir A. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Urethane Polymers from PET Waste." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 17, no. 2 (January 25, 2015): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10380.

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Świechowski, Kacper, Małgorzata Leśniak, and Andrzej Białowiec. "Medical Peat Waste Upcycling to Carbonized Solid Fuel in the Torrefaction Process." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 6053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196053.

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Peat is the main type of peloid used in Polish cosmetic/healing spa facilities. Depending on treatment and origin, peat waste can be contaminated microbiologically, and as a result, it must be incinerated in medical waste incineration plants without energy recovery (local law). Such a situation leads to peat waste management costs increase. Therefore, in this work, we checked the possibility of peat waste upcycling to carbonized solid fuel (CSF) using torrefaction. Torrefaction is a thermal treatment process that removes microbiological contamination and improves the fuel properties of peat waste. In this work, the torrefaction conditions (temperature and time) on CSF quality were tested. Parallelly, peat decomposition kinetics using TGA and torrefaction kinetics with lifetime prediction using macro-TGA were determined. Furthermore, torrefaction theoretical mass and energy balance were determined. The results were compared with reference material (wood), and as a result, obtained data can be used to adjust currently used wood torrefaction technologies for peat torrefaction. The results show that torrefaction improves the high heating value of peat waste from 19.0 to 21.3 MJ × kg−1, peat main decomposition takes place at 200–550 °C following second reaction order (n = 2), with an activation energy of 33.34 kJ × mol−1, and pre-exponential factor of 4.40 × 10−1 s−1. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that peat torrefaction required slightly more energy than wood torrefaction, and macro-TGA showed that peat torrefaction has lower torrefaction constant reaction rates (k) than wood 1.05 × 10−5–3.15 × 10−5 vs. 1.43 × 10−5–7.25 × 10−5 s−1.

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Yuliani, G., F. Nandatamadini, D. Widhiyatna, M. Mollah, S. Mutiara, and A. Setiabudi. "Adsorption of ammonium ions in aqueous solution using raw and treated peat soil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1089, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1089/1/012014.

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Abstract Peat exists in abundance in many parts of the world, but has low economic value. The presence of active functional groups, in the form of carboxyl and phenolic groups, makes peat an alternative sorbent having high porosity and ion exchange ability. Washing peat soil prior to adsorption has been reported to be effective in increasing its ion exchange capacity. In this study, the effect of peat washing using NaOH on its adsorption capacity for ammonium ions was investigated. The FTIR analysis indicated decreases in -OH absorption at 3300-3600 cm-1, C=O (carboxylate) at 1625 cm-1 and C-O at 1300-1000 cm-1 possibly due to the replacement of H+ by Na+ upon peat washing using NaOH. SEM analyses of peat samples showed a more homogeneous surface morphology upon washing. BET analysis results showed a reduction in surface area, pore size, and pore volume. However, the adsorption study conducted in batch mode indicated that the adsorption capacities of washed and raw peats were 28.08 mg/g and 14.48 mg/g, respectively. It can be concluded that washing peat soil using NaOH solution may alter its surface properties and may be beneficial in improving its adsorption capacity towards ammonium ions in aqueous solution.

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Rosén, K., C. A. Shand, E. Haak, and M. V. Cheshire. "Effect of clay content and wetting-and-drying on radiocaesium behaviour in a peat and a peaty podzol." Science of The Total Environment 368, no. 2-3 (September 2006): 795–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.03.009.

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Martin, Antonio M., and Paul L. Bemister. "Use of Peat Extract in the Ensiling of Fisheries Wastes." Waste Management & Research 12, no. 6 (November 1994): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9401200603.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wasted peat'

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