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Favuzzi, Nicoletta, Paolo Trerotoli, Maria Grazia Forte, Nicola Bartolomeo, Gabriella Serio, Domenico Lagravinese, and Francesco Vino. "Evaluation of an Alimentary Education Intervention on School Canteen Waste at a Primary School in Bari, Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072558.
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The “Love Food, Not Waste” project was conducted to train students on good food choices and evaluate food waste in school canteens. Teachers, parents and students were surveyed before and after training. Weights of both the served and wasted food were recorded for one week both before the educational intervention in February 2019 and after the educational intervention in March 2019, using the same menu. Students completed a food satisfaction questionnaire on the days the data were collected. For the first dish, the mean wastes per school were 1199 g before training and 1054 g after training. For the second dish, the mean wastes per school were 246 g before training and 220 g after training. For the side course, the means wastes per school were 663 g before training and 747 g after training. The results did not significantly differ among weeks or schools. Less food was wasted when boys judged the food’s general aspects like smell, taste and appearance as positive; more food was wasted when girls judged these factors as negative. Food waste monitoring is mandatory but does not always occur. Analyzing food waste relative to students’ food perceptions can help determine whether educational interventions can help reduce waste. Students’ satisfaction must also be considered.
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Faisal, Tarig, Moath Awawdeh, and Anees Bashir. "Design and development of intelligent waste bin system with advertisement solution." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 940–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i2.2753.
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In cities where a large geographical area of the city is densely populated, the process of waste collection is cumbersome, tiresome and expensive. Often, the burden of manually tracking and collecting of waste causes waste management companies enormous wasted effort and get them involved in tasks that are not necessary. No doubt, a digital interaction between waste management companies and targeted waste collection areas could ensure the process becomes fast, efficient and traceable as they become aware of the states of the wastes, aptly. It will considerably reduce any discrepancies that may occur due to the lack of information available during a particular time. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novel approach towards waste management combined with the internet of things to reduce the problems that would occur due to the accumulation of wastes and hence improvise waste collection/management process. Additionally, an innovative feature which generates revenue and creates business opportunities for waste management companies is introduced via advertisement solution based on network-attached storage technology.
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Ismail, Anis Nadhirah, Mohd Hakim Ibrahim, Rita Mohd Said, Flora Somidin, and Syarifah Aminah Ismail. "Influence of recycled wastes on ferrosilicon production in steel making applications: A short review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2169, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2169/1/012028.
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Abstract The potential transforming the waste materials into an alternative source was found in iron and steelmaking application that also would solved the world’s most problematic waste stream. Generally, converting the waste materials into auxiliary source only is accessible to certain wastes industries due to its difficulty to recycle hence generally landfilled. Recycling waste materials used in ferrosilicon production as carbon and silica source to control the reduction reaction with iron oxide. The present paper reviews the phase transformation and morphology in the production of ferrosilicon at temperature 1550°C on graphite and plastic waste (bakelite) as the potential carbon materials and silica powder and glass waste (automotive glass - windshield, window glass) as alternatives silica source in production of ferrosilicon. The utilization of carbon material from plastic waste and silica source from glass waste (automotive glass) can be used for ferrosilicon synthesis and CO gas concentration comparable with conventional carbon source (graphite) typical silica source (silica powder). The utilization of recycled wasted is efficient due to enhancement in the reaction with iron oxide thus potentially replacing the conventional materials in ferrosilicon synthesis as well as minimizing the landfill wastes.
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Yadav, Preeti, S. K. Dhankhar, and Ram Mehar. "Waste to Worth: A Review on Utilization of Vegetable Waste." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 9 (July 18, 2023): 1385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92368.
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India is the world's second greatest producer of vegetables after China, however over 30% of the fruits and vegetables grown in the country are wasted. Vegetable wastes include rotten vegetables, peels, shells, scraped portions of vegetables and inedible parts discarded during collection, handling, transportation and processing. Lack of knowledge and awareness among farmers, poor infrastructure, faulty harvesting, unsuitable transport and storage facilities are major causes of loss. 5 R system of waste management including refuse, reduce, recycle, reuse and recover is an effective way of managing vegetable waste. Non-toxic, biodegradable waste of vegetables can be transformed into various valuable output products like biogas, power alcohol, biofuel, compost and vermicompost. Livestock is currently one of the agricultural subsectors in emerging countries that is expanding at the fastest rate. According to recent research, co-products from the processing of fruits and vegetables can be effectively utilized as functional feed components in farm animals' diets. Vegetable wastes are rich in vitamins and minerals and are suitable raw materials to produce high-value chemicals or metabolites such as phenolic compounds, terpenes, fatty acids, dietary fiber, saponins, pigments, food additives and phytoestrogens Bio-plastic are manufactured from renewable biomass sources such as maize starch, potato starch, cassava starch, vegetable oil and have biodegradable qualities. The utilization of fruit and vegetable waste as a carbon source is an interesting alternative to reduce the production costs of microbial exopolysaccharides like xanthan and pullulan which has use in the pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic and confectionary industries.
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Islam, Maidul. "Are Students Really Cautious about Food Waste? Korean Students’ Perception and Understanding of Food Waste." Foods 9, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9040410.
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The amount of food wasted by Korean households is significant and to some extent could be preventable. It is not well illustrated how Korean students perceive food waste and how much they know about the consequences of food waste. This study aimed to examine Korean students’ perception of food waste. Overall, results show that students’ perception of food waste varies in different clusters. Considerate food wasters (cluster 1) are knowledgeable and have much information regarding food waste. This paper suggests that additional information about how to preserve food and about issues related to food wastes, which cause a bigger environmental problem over the long term, could influence the behavior of this cluster, reducing perhaps further food waste. On the other hand, unwitting and ruthless food wasters, who are in clusters 2 and 3, need extra attention. Marketers should initiate educational campaigns to raise awareness of food waste for students and youth. Students who fall under these two clusters may need to pay extra attention to their shopping behavior. They should be more connected to their food, and to their purchase behavior, which may reduce food waste.
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Viguri, J., A. Andrés, C. Ruiz, A. Irabien, and F. Castro. "Cement-Waste and Clay-Waste Derived Products from Metal Wastes." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 79, no. 1 (January 2001): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758201531121.
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Fadiya, Olusanjo O., Panos Georgakis, and Ezekiel Chinyio. "Quantitative Analysis of the Sources of Construction Waste." Journal of Construction Engineering 2014 (October 20, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/651060.
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The construction industry is traditionally environmentally unfriendly. The environmental impacts of construction waste include soil contamination, water contamination, and deterioration of landscape. Also, construction waste has a negative economic impact by contributing additional cost to construction due to the need to replace wasted materials. However, in order to mitigate waste, construction managers have to explore management options, which include reduction, recycling, and disposal of wastes. Reduction has the highest priority among the waste management options but efficient reduction cannot be achieved without adequate identification of the sources of waste. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present a study that was carried out on the contribution rates of nine identified sources of construction waste. Establishing the contribution rates of different waste sources will enhance knowledge-based decision-making in developing appropriate strategy for mitigating construction waste. Quantitative research method, using survey questionnaire, was adopted in this study to assess the frequency and severity of contribution of the sources of waste. As one of the findings of the study, residual waste such as material off-cuts was identified as the highest contributor to construction waste. This study consequently demonstrated that waste has a significant contribution to the cost of construction.
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Santos, Elci de Souza, Karla Magna dos Santos Gonçalves, and Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol. "Healthcare waste management in a Brazilian university public hospital." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18815949.
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Some healthcare waste presents hazardousness characteristics and requires specific procedures to ensure the safety management. Waste segregation is an important action to control the risks of each type of waste. Healthcare waste indicators also may improve the waste management system. The aim of this article was to evaluate the healthcare waste management in a Brazilian university hospital, as well as the waste indicators, quantifying and qualifying the waste generation. Weighing of wastes occurred by sampling occurred sampling of seven consecutive days or daily, between 2011 and 2017. General wastes represent more than 55.6% of the total generated, followed by infectious, sharps and chemicals wastes, respectively, 39.1%, 2.9% and 2.4%. The generation rate in 2017 was 4.09 kg bed−1 day−1, including all types of wastes. Non-dangerous wastes represented around 93.3%, including infectious wastes with low potential risks, while dangerous was represented by high infectious risk (1.4%), chemicals (2.4%) and sharps (2.9%). Healthcare waste indicators may favour the risk identification and improve the waste management system, in particular when involving hazardous wastes. Failures in healthcare waste segregation could represent, in addition to the health risks, unnecessary expenses.
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Surilawana Sulaiman, Nor. "HALAL INDUSTRIAL FOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT: LESSON LEARNT FROM JAPAN." Proceeding of Annual Conference on Islamic Economy and Law 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/aciel.v2i1.138.
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One-third of all food produced for human use is wasted or discarded into the environment via landfilling. Currently, the only cheaper and easier option in Brunei is landfill. Dumping organic waste materials from industrial food waste into the environment contributes to harmful environmental effects. The value of food waste is being increasingly recognised, and Brunei Darussalam is among the highest in the area, with a solid waste output of 1.4 kg per capita per day. However, just 11.3% of food waste is estimated to have been recycled, with the remainder ending up in landfills. Through participation in the JENESYS Programme, the researcher virtually visited a company at Kobe Plant. The session was eye-opening and related to responsible consumption and production where the company implemented zero waste. In this context, this paper will highlight the waste reduction concept to enhance the current state of halal industrial food waste management. Through waste reduction or zero-waste implementation, these wastes can be converted into value-added products. This would strengthen the halal food sector and support the government's aspiration to achieve Brunei Vision 2035 Goal 3 – Dynamic and Sustainable Economy as well as SDG Goal 12 – Responsible Consumption and Production. This study also shows how effective waste reduction for a sustainable, healthy environment and circular economy may be achieved by handling industrial food waste.
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Cunnington, Jannice. "Waste Responsibility: Or Wasted Opportunity?" Journal of Perioperative Practice 16, no. 10 (October 2006): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890601601001.
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Sawetrattanakul, S., S. N. Jansri, N. Tantranont, and W. Setthapun. "Appropriate guidelines of Waste Management for Keudchang Sub-district, Maetang District, Chiangmai province, Thailand." AJARCDE | Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment 3, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v3i1.10.
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Waste management is one of the major problems around the world. Governments and global organizations are starting to pay attention to the amount of waste left behind. Thai government drafted the National policies of waste management to manage waste in sustainable ways. Keudchang Sub-district confronts waste management problems due to the increase in the amount of waste, insufficient area for disposal, roadside and riverside litters, an illegal dump of rubbish in forests, and air pollution from waste incineration. The purposes of this research were to study the amount of waste and waste composition in 8 villages of Keudchang Community (KC), and develop appropriate guidelines of waste management. This participatory research collects data from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data sources include interviews and set up a public hearing stage with stakeholders in KC. Secondary data include a documentary of community context, meeting minutes, and other related documents. Qualitative data were analyzed with the content analysis method. The results showed that the KC produce an average of waste to 4,062.02 kg/day. These wastes could be classified into 4 types including organic waste (45.83%), recycle waste (28.01%), general waste (15.55%), and hazardous waste (10.60%) respectively. An individual person at KC produces an average of waste at 0.98 kg/day. Additionally, the results from conducting a public hearing stage of 8 villages revealed community awareness and solutions for waste management. All people in KC need to sort their wastes properly before disposal in 4 ways. First, organic waste. Each household needs to dig a hole and dump the organic wastes into it. The organic wastes should be managed and separated from other wastes. Second, recycle waste. Various approaches to recycle waste include waste credit bank (WCB), waste volunteer, monthly fee, and self-management. The WCB would be a hub for the communities to make profits and reduce landfill wastes. A waste volunteer would be a volunteer person who buys community wastes and sell them to outsiders. The monthly fee would be an approach where each household pays 70 baht/month to a garbage collector. Self-management would be another approach where households sort out, eliminate, sell, and manage wastes by themselves. Third, general waste. General waste could be divided into 2 groups as profitable waste and community dumping ground. Profitable waste could be sold to WCB or waste stores by each household. Community dumping ground would be an area allocated to all households for waste disposal. All households would not allow to throw garbage or wastes into other areas, but community dumping ground. Finally, hazardous waste. Hazardous waste would need to dispose of carefully in the trash can located at the office of the village headman. The findings from this study suggested setting up a waste management committee (WMC), as well as defining their roles and responsibilities. Local administrative organizations and community leaders also need to support, supervise, and control community waste management for resource-efficient and sustainable societies
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., Ahmad. "EFFICIENT AND ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLID WASTE USING WINDROW COMPOSTING TECHNIQUE AND EFFECT OF SEWAGE AS ADDITIVE ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSTS." Journal of Wastes and Biomass Management 4, no. 1 (2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.01.2022.26.31.
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Solid waste management is a crucial issue in developing countries due to large amounts of waste being generated from different sources. Aerobic windrow composting of various wastes was carried out to create compost from various wastes for use as a nutritious soil fertilizer and to optimize waste material by employing sewage as an addition to minimize composting time and improve soil nutritional value. Four composting windrows were formed with three different types of wastes i.e. first windrow was animal waste + garden waste treated by sewage water, second windrow was food waste + garden waste treated by sewage water, third windrow was mixture of wastes treated by sewage water, and the last windrow was also mixture of wastes but treated by tap water. The compost of mixture of wastes treated by sewage water was found better than the other three windrows as having pH 8.69, Organic Content 59.25%, Moisture Content 28.09%, Carbon 27.85%, Nitrogen 0.66%, C/N ratio 42.2, Phosphorous 1.4% and Potassium 0.84%. If composting of mixture of wastes like animal waste, food waste and garden waste treated with sewage water is carried out, then it will give better results and also reduce the composting period by 30%.
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Marques, Fabiana, Francisco Pereira, Luís Machado, Joana T. Martins, Ricardo N. Pereira, Monya M. Costa, Zlatina Genisheva, et al. "Comparison of Different Pretreatment Processes Envisaging the Potential Use of Food Waste as Microalgae Substrate." Foods 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2024): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13071018.
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A significant fraction of the food produced worldwide is currently lost or wasted throughout the supply chain, squandering natural and economic resources. Food waste valorization will be an important necessity in the coming years. This work investigates the ability of food waste to serve as a viable nutritional substrate for the heterotrophic growth of Chlorella vulgaris. The impact of different pretreatments on the elemental composition and microbial contamination of seven retail food waste mixtures was evaluated. Among the pretreatment methods applied to the food waste formulations, autoclaving was able to eliminate all microbial contamination and increase the availability of reducing sugars by 30%. Ohmic heating was also able to eliminate most of the contaminations in the food wastes in shorter time periods than autoclave. However, it has reduced the availability of reducing sugars, making it less preferable for microalgae heterotrophic cultivation. The direct utilization of food waste containing essential nutrients from fruits, vegetables, dairy and bakery products, and meat on the heterotrophic growth of microalgae allowed a biomass concentration of 2.2 × 108 cells·mL−1, being the culture able to consume more than 42% of the reducing sugars present in the substrate, thus demonstrating the economic and environmental potential of these wastes.
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ARGUN, Yusuf Alparslan, and Melayib BİLGİN. "Waste Characterızatıon of Karaman Provınce and Determınatıon and Comparıson of Indıvıduals' Waste Approaches." Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21597/jist.1184526.
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The most basic building block of solid waste management is to determine the amount of waste generated by individuals in a day. As it can be understood from here, the most important issue in solid waste management is individuals. Therefore, all kinds of waste management studies should be based on the individual. In our study, a questionnaire was applied to 1 263 people residing in Karaman. In addition, according to income levels, 5 pilot regions were determined and characterization studies were carried out in different time periods. Of the wastes generated as a result of characterization, 45.08% of kitchen wastes, 3.41% of park and garden wastes and 30.36% of recyclable wastes. Only 18.6% of the recyclable waste potential is collected with the existing system. Within the framework of the survey, the rate of those who collect recyclable waste separately is 21%. In addition, it is understood from the survey study that individuals do not know what type of waste is produced in their homes. In this framework, waste collection and evaluation suggestions were presented by determining the waste potentials with the characterization study and the individual attitudes with the survey study.
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HELAIMIA, Rafika. "From Food (Bread) waste to Bioethnol Producation." International Conference on Pioneer and Innovative Studies 1 (June 20, 2023): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/icpis.885.
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A handful of studies and rough estimations confirm that roughly 1.3 billion tons of food get wasted. The staggering volume of food waste management has been shed light and constitutes a significant challenge because of -its environmental, social, and economic impacts. Recent estimates suggest that 8-10% of global greenhouse gas emissions are due to non-food conception, and the global economic costs of food waste have reached US$750 million per Annam. That is why Sustainable Development Goal 12.3 calls for the importance of food waste management. Wastes of bread represent an important fraction of retail food leftovers. If non-consumed food has been widely valorized in previous years, bread waste is nowadays increasingly of heightened attention. Bread waste can be a promising feedstock for producing bio-conversion value-added products. Recently, several technological methods have been reported for the possibility of transforming bread waste into eco-friendly materials such as ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, biohydrogen… etc. This study, based on recent research, sheds light on the possibility to convert food waste, especially bread leftovers into bioethanol by using waste bread as the sole source of nutrients for the growth of Aspergillus niger, which produces glucose, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which produces ethanol from glucose (i).
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Nunes Pereira, Tatiane, Fabiana Rocha Pinto, David Barbosa de Alencar, and Gisele De Freitas Lopes. "Waste Reuse in a food establishment for the production of organic fertilizer in Manaus - Amazonas." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1877.
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Organic waste has been a threat to society and the environment, both by the amount generated and the inadequate treatment. Seeking solutions to these wastes, composting becomes an efficient process through accelerated biodegradation. The present study aimed to analyze the reuse of organic waste generated in a food establishment in Manaus-AM. The quantitative methodology presented two steps, weighing for three (3) weeks daily, (i) the waste generated in the kitchen and (ii) discarded by consumers, in addition to the total compost generated by the compost, as a basis for treatment of this material, as way of minimizing the amount of these wastes, analyzing the productive activities of this establishment. Given the results obtained it was observed a disposal of almost 30 kg / week, which if estimated, can reach a value of 0.5 tons / year, for each type of disposal evaluated, totaling a value that can reach 1 ton of organic waste disposed of by this small food establishment. Analyzing the composting process, the data show that there is a reduction in the amount of materials generated, due to their transformation into organic fertilizer, obtaining 50% of the total value produced from the waste, thus indicating a solution to the problems arising from the incorrect disposal of waste. organic matter, which is close to 54% of this waste generated in Brazil. In addition, currently about 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted and there are on average about 815 million hungry people in the world, proving to be an alternative of economic, social and ecological viability.
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Dani Alsyah, Anang, Adriani Darmawati, and Sumarsono Sumarsono. "Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman Pakchoy (Brassica chinensis L.) akibat pemberian berbagai pupuk limbah organik." Journal of Agro Complex 2, no. 1 (February 25, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/joac.2.1.59-67.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fertilizer application types such as wasted tea fertilizer, leaf litter fertilizer, and market wasted fertilizer on growth and yield of pakchoy mustard. The experimental design was Mono factorial Complete Randomized Design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were without fretilization (A0), Tea Wasted fertilizer (A1), Leaf Litter fertilizer (A2), Market Wasted fertilizer (A3), Tea Wasted fertilizer + leaf litter fertilizer (A4), Tea Wasted fertilizer + Market Wasted fertilizer (A5), leaf litter fertilizer + Market Wasted fertilizer (A6), Urea fertilizer 300 kg/ha (A7). Each treatment was replicated in three times and produced 24 experimental units with experimental plots area of 1 m x 1.5 m. The observed parameters were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index and fresh canopy production. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continuedby Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 5%. The results showed that fertilizer treatment of various types of organic waste fertilizer Tea Wasted fertilizer, Leaf Litter fertilizer, Market Wasted fertilizer, Tea Wasted fertilizer + leaf litter fertilizer, Tea Wasted fertilizer + Market Wasted fertilizer, leaf litter fertilizer + Market Wasted fertilize resulted in plant height, number of leaves, fresh leaf canopy production significantly different from treatment without fertilization and urea fertilization. The best result of fresh canopy production was found in the treatment of market waste fertilizer weighing 2,778.47 g / m², the fertilizer application of market waste fertilizer and the combination treatment of tea and market waste fertilizer yielded the best plant height with 31.16 cm, the combination treatment of waste fertilizer Tea and market produces the best leaves as much as 12.44 leaflets, and fertilizer treatment of tea waste fertilizer, market waste fertilizer, tea waste fertilizer + market waste fertilizer, and leaf litter fertilizer + market waste fertilizer yield value index of leaf area 1.23. Keywords : Organic Fertilizer, Organic Wasted Fertilizer, Pakchoy
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Naganathan, Sivakumar, Sonny Silvadanan, Tang Yew Chung, Mark Francis Nicolasselvam, and Sivadass Thiruchelvam. "Use of Wastes in Developing Mortar – A Review." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.146.
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This paper is a literature review about the use of wastes in masonry mortar. Wastes such as wood waste ash, municipal solid waste, ground waste seashells, glass waste, fly ash, corn cob ash and palm oil fuel ash are used to replace cement as the binding material. Wastes of Cathode Ray Tube (CRTs) glass, plastic waste, construction demolition wastes, foundry sand and quarry dust are used as a replacement for fine aggregates. Additives such as recycled copper tailings and animal proteins also improve the properties of masonry mortar. It is learnt that certain percentages of wastes can be used as substitutes for binding materials and fine aggregates and therefore the ideal amount of waste can be determined.
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Desyatov, Denis, Aleksey Ekidin, Konstantin Antonov, and Victor Shatalin. "Waste-specific volume for retrospective, predictive assessments, and ranking of practices during normal operation of Russian nuclear power plants." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 38, no. 2 (2023): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp2302071d.
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Possibilities of applying the generated radioactive waste-specific volume per unit of produced electricity are shown. This waste specific volume is used for retrospective assessment and forecasting of radio active waste volumes generated at Russian nuclear power plants. According to the available data period covering 2008-2021, the mean and median values of the annual waste-specific volume for each nuclear power plant were obtained. The medians for solid radioactive wastes divided into the categories of very low-level wastes, low-level wastes, intermediate level wastes and high-level wastes are equal to 3.6?10-2, 3.2?10-2, 3.2?10-3, 3.0?10-4 m3(GWh)-1, respectively. For liquid radioactive wastes of the low-level waste and intermediate level waste categories - 1.3?10-3 m3(GWh)-1, 2.4?10-2 m3(GWh)-1, respectively. The highest mean and median values of waste-specific volume for all radioactive waste categories are typical for nuclear power plants with LWGR (RBMK) reactor installations. The forecast based on the plans to increase electricity production by Russian nuclear power plants indicates a likely increase in the volume of radioactive waste generation by 0.7-7.4 % (depending on the waste category) in the period from 2022 to 2027. The waste-specific volume use makes it possible to rank the existing practices of nuclear power plant operation by the volume of radioactive waste generation to justify the criteria for compliance with the International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors sustainability methodology.
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Lin, Yousheng, Ya Ge, Hanmin Xiao, Qing He, Wenhao Wang, and Baiman Chen. "Investigation of hydrothermal co-carbonization of waste textile with waste wood, waste paper and waste food from typical municipal solid wastes." Energy 210 (November 2020): 118606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118606.
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Tadesse, Menelik Legesse. "Healthcare waste generation and quantification in public health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 5, 2024): e0295165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295165.
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Background Healthcare waste produced in healthcare activities entails higher risk of infection and injuries than municipal waste. In developing countries healthcare waste has not received much attention and has been disposed of together with municipal wastes. Modern method of disposal of healthcare waste have been introduced to most healthcare institutions mismanagement and increased in production in public health centres in Ethiopia is important issues. The aim of the study was to assess the type of healthcare waste generation and quantification in selected public health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods An institution based cross-sectional study were conducted from January to February 2018. Fifteen health centres in Addis Ababa City Administration were selected for this study. Data were collected by using by different color plastic bags (Black plastic bags for non-hazardous wastes, Yellow plastic bags for hazardous wastes and Yellow safety box for needles and Red bags for pharmaceutical wastes and toxic wastes). The collected wastes were measured by weighing scale and were written to data entry sheet. To assure the data quality calibration of weighing scale was made by the standard weight every morning. EPI INFO TM7 and IBM SPSS were used for data entry, cleaning and analysis. Results The mean healthcare waste generation was 10.64+5.79Kg/day of which 37.26% (3.96+2.20Kg/day) was general waste and 62.74% (6.68+4.29) was hazardous waste from the studies health centres. Total hazardous waste; sharps, infectious, pathological and pharmaceutical wastes constitutes mean (±SD) 0.97 ±1.03, 3.23 ± 2.60, 2.17±1.92 and 0.25 ±0.34 kg/day respectively. Healthcare waste 29.93% and 0.32% were generated from delivery and post-natal case team and nutrition and growth monitoring case team respectively. The annual mean+ SD of healthcare waste generation rate per health centres were 3807.53+ 2109.84 Kg/year. Conclusion The finding in this study showed there was an increased in hazardous healthcare waste in amount as compared to the WHO standard 85% non-hazardous waste and 10% hazardous waste and 5% toxic wastes. The healthcare waste management practices about segregation, collection, transportation and disposal at the source is crucial to decrease in quantity. Generally unselective handling and disposal of healthcare wastes is a concern.
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Li, Chih-Shan, and Fu-Tien Jenq. "Physical and Chemical Composition of Hospital Waste." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 14, no. 3 (March 1993): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646700.
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AbstractFor selecting the most efficient treatment method of hospital waste, the composition analysis is generally considered to be the fundamental information. Currently, there are few studies regarding the characteristics of hospital waste. This study evaluated the physical and elemental composition of the hospital waste at the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH). The results should help us design an incinerator for the treatment of infectious waste, plastic syringes, pathological waste, and kitchen waste. During the study period, the estimated daily waste generation rate at NTUH was 4,600 kg/day, which consisted of 4,100 kg/day noninfectious refuse, 340 kg/day infectious waste, 70 kg/day kitchen waste, 50 kg/day pathological waste, and 40 kg/day plastic syringes. The NTUH waste consisted of 99.02% combustible wastes and 0.97% noncombustible wastes by mass. The combustibie wastes constituted paper (16.17%), textiles (9.77%), cardboard, wood, and leaves (1.12%), food waste (21.5 1%), and plastics (50.45%). The noncombustible waste included 0.40% metal and 0.57% glass. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that the wastes contained 38% moisture, 4% ashes, and 58% solid with an average heat value of 3,400 kcal/kg. From the elemental analysis, the dominant elements were found to be carbon (34%) and oxygen (15%).
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Bellopede, Rossana, Lorena Zichella, and Paola Marini. "Glass Waste3: A Preliminary Study for a New Industrial Recovery Processing." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051997.
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In recent times, the selection and treatment of glass waste are implemented in processing plants where a secondary raw material (SRM) named glass cullet, which is suitable for glass production, and a waste containing a high percentage of glass (glass waste2) is obtained. In the literature, there are many studies conducted on the recovery of the cullet, while few are the studies on the recovery of the waste that is produced by cullet processing. According to the 2013 Joint Research Centre (JRC) Reference report, the cullet produces savings in terms of energy and raw materials. However, it has a high current cost and its availability is becoming difficult, therefore its use is not always economically advantageous. The goal and strategy of the European Union is zero waste. For this purpose, further treatment of glass waste has been investigated. Through the industrial treatment of the glass waste2, a glass waste3 constituted again by an SRM made of glass is obtained together with a high quantity of presumed SRM (e.g., heavy plastic, corks, iron, non-ferrous metals, etc.). The process treatment separating these SRMs from the glass waste3 is, in this case, a pilot plant that needs to be optimized in order to reach an economic and sustainable industrial process solution. In particular, the materials to be recycled are exploitable product fractions with different particle sizes and physical properties (such as density, shape and resistance). This research is based on data collected from a North Italy process plant and is aimed at solving the issue of waste in this kind of process by implementing a pilot plant already present. Representative samples of feed material (glass waste3) and different products of the pilot plant have been analyzed. Moreover, laboratory tests were executed to improve separation efficiency and to valorize the different product fractions. A flow sheet of a new treatment plant has been developed and an economic evaluation has been made. The materials that will be separated in the new plant could be traded as SRM—e.g., plastics, metals, synthetic and cork stoppers—which constitute almost 90% of the total feed of the plant.
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Khare, Pratima. "Waste Management- It’s not waste until you waste it!!!" Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2014-o7yop7.
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Waste management is a new concept for most of the Asian countries including India. The lack of financial and technical resources and regulatory control for the management of hazardous waste in the past has led to the unscientific disposal of hazardous waste in India. Now a days urbanization not only concentrates waste but also raises generation rates. New and expensive technologies are being pushed to deal with our urban waste problem ignoring their environmental and social implications. Hazardous waste can be classified into solid, liquid, gases and sludge waste. There are various methods of disposal of waste management. Disposing the waste in a landfill involves burying the waste. In incineration the solid organic wastes are subjected to combustion so as to convert them into residue and gaseous products. In recycling, the collection and reuse of waste materials are done such as empty beverage containers. Biological reprocessing in which waste materials that are organic in nature such as plant material, food scraps can be recycled using biological compositing and digestion process to decompose the organic matter. Energy recovery as well as avoidance and reduction methods are also the other ways of disposal.
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Wahyono, S., F. L. Sahwan, and F. Suryanto. "Characterization of municipal solid waste for waste to energy feedstock in Jakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1034, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1034/1/012034.
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Abstract The characterization study of municipal solid waste for waste to energy facility is very important to Jakarta City because of its waste is still in mixed condition and may contains several materials those are not suitable for incinerator. The purpose of this study was to determine the character of the waste from several sources (shopping areas, office areas, industrial areas, city parks, and households) in the city of Jakarta and to analyse the quality of the waste to be feedstock of incinerator. The research used a random sampling method for the wastes which were transported to the Bantargebang final disposal site. Samples were taken proportionally from the garbage truck to determine the composition, proximate and ultimate analysis. The results showed that wastes were dominated by combustible material and had a good potential as an incinerator fuel in terms of the characteristics of moisture content (less than 50%), volatile matter (above 25%) and ash content (less than 60%), as well as its LHV (above 6 MJ/kg). However, the existence of bulky waste, hazardous waste, non-combustible waste, and several types of waste that are not allowed to enter the incinerator needs to be a concern. Those wastes potentially interfere the performance of the incinerator.
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Chinda, Thanwadee, and Sireiratana Thay. "Long-term food waste management in Phnom Penh utilizing a system dynamics modeling approach." Environmental Engineering Research 27, no. 1 (December 19, 2020): 200603–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.603.
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Phnom Penh has a high number of people. With more people, it is expected that food waste issues will be severe. To properly manage food waste, it is necessary to identify the key factors affecting food waste management, and examine the interactions among those key factors to effectively plan for long-term management. This study develops a dynamics model of food waste management, considering vegetables as the main waste, to examine the trends of food waste in Phnom Penh and plan for long-term management. The developed dynamics model considers two types of waste, household and retailer wastes. The simulation results reveal that most food wastes are from households. They are mainly from preparation processes and inappropriate packing sizes. The results show that with a smaller percentage of waste in preparation processes, food wastes going to a landfill decrease. The use of smaller-size packs (250 g and 350 g) also helps to minimize food wastes. The simulation results also suggest the use of biodigesters, to convert food waste to energy and reduce landfill waste in the long term. Local communities, local authorities, and governments can use this study to plan for long-term food waste management, to reduce food waste and mitigate landfill problems.
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Shwetmala, Kashyap, H. N. Chanakya, and T. V. Ramachandra. "Pattern, Characterization and Quantification of Unauthorized Waste Dump Sites: A Case Study of Bangalore." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.362.
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Developing country municipal solid waste management is complex, managed by multiple institutions, prone to socio-political disruptions and often requires frequent and rapid estimates of good functioning. Estimating the quantity, composition and status of municipal solid waste found at unauthorized dump sites helps in diagnosis and in improving solid waste management system. The objective of this study was to find occurrences of unauthorized dump sites and to determine quantity, area, height of dumps, waste density and waste composition at these sites. A total of 452 locations were identified and quantification of solid wastes was carried out at 268 locations by determining waste spread area, measuring dump height and density by multiple techniques. Mixed dumped wastes at site was physically segregated into twelve waste categories (organic fraction, plastic, construction debris, paper, cloth, glass, leather, metal, rubber, biomedical waste, burnt waste and industrial wastes). It was estimated about 213310 Mg of wastes were dumped in 452 unauthorized dump sites. The composition of waste dumped in unauthorized sites have 41.3% of construction debris followed by 28.9% of organic waste and other fractions constituted the remaining. The waste composition at dump site suggests less efficient recycling systems and the possible direction for the system improvements.
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Kabir, MH, M. Ismail, and M. Jashimuddin. "Status of Solid Waste Recycling at Sholokbahar Ward in Chittagong, Bangladesh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 6, no. 2 (February 10, 2015): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22078.
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The study was conducted to analyze the solid waste recycling at Sholokbahar Ward of Chittagong City Corporation. Data were collected from primary waste collectors, i.e.Tokai, Feriwala, and Women waste collectors, waste dealers and different recycling plants through questionnaire survey and frequent field visits. The study found that the average amount of collected recyclable solid wastes was 121.37 kg/day in each solid waste recycling shop while waste picker was about 16 kg/day. Interestingly, the amount of average collected solid waste per day by Feriwala was significantly higher than Tokai and women waste pickers. Among of recyclable solid waste about 37% was scrap iron while only 16% was plastic bottle. The study also found that solid waste pickers generally collect wastes on foot while, among Feriwala only 23% use tricycle to collect wastes from door to door. We estimated that, by collecting recyclable solid wastes, each male and female waste picker earn, on an average, Tk. 80 and Tk.53 per day respectively. Finally, this study suggests that both governmental and non-governmental initiatives for solid waste recycling at Sholokbahar area can play a vital role to contribute our national economy, employment opportunities and environmental protection.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22078 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(2): 07-11 2013
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Anis, Mohamad, and Tauseef Siddiqui. "Waste to Energy: A Green Paradigm in Solid Waste Management." Current World Environment 10, no. 3 (December 25, 2015): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.3.06.
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The current annual generation of municipal solid waste in India is estimated to be around 42 million tones which will rise rapidly with population growth, urbanization and improving living standards of people. The municipal solid waste (MSW) generation ranges from 0.25 to 0.66 kg/person/day with an average of 0.45 kg/person/day. In addition, large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are generated by industries. Most of the wastes generated find their way into land and water bodies. Without proper treatment, these wastes emit gases like Methane (CH4), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) etc, resulting in bad odor, emission of green house gases and increase in air and water pollution. This problem can be significantly mitigated through adoption of environment-friendly waste-to-energy technologies for the treatment and processing of wastes before disposal. It will not only reduce the quantity of wastes but also generate substantial quantity of energy. India at present is the world’s fifth biggest energy consumer and is predicted to surpass Japan and Russia to take the third place by 2030. Indian economy has shown a robust growth of around 8% in recent years and is trying to sustain this growth in order to reach goals of poverty alleviation. To achieve the required level of growth, India will need to at least triple its primary energy supply and quintuple its electrical capacity. This will force India, which already imports a majority of its oil, to look beyond its borders for energy resources. In India waste-to-energy has a potential of generating 1700 MW per person and this is scheduled to increase when more types of waste would be encompassed. At present hardly 50 MW power is being generated through waste-to-energy options. Waste combustion provides integrated solutions to the problems of the modern era by: recovering otherwise lost energy and thereby reducing our use of precious natural resources; by cutting down our emissions of greenhouse gases; and by both saving valuable land that would otherwise be destined to become landfill and recovering land once sacrificed to the products of consumerism. This paper focuses to present waste to energy as a green and sustainable solution of solid waste problem vis-à-vis its importance as renewable source of energy.
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Bhatia, Latika, Harit Jha, Tanushree Sarkar, and Prakash Kumar Sarangi. "Food Waste Utilization for Reducing Carbon Footprints towards Sustainable and Cleaner Environment: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 2318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032318.
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There is world-wide generation of food waste daily in significant amounts, leading to depletion of natural resources and deteriorating air quality. One-third of global food produced is wasted laterally with the food value chain. Carbon footprint is an efficient way of communicating the issues related to climate change and the necessity of changing behavior. Valorization or utilization of food wastes helps in resolving issues related to environment pollution. Reduction in the carbon footprint throughout the chain of food supply makes the whole process eco-friendly. Prevailing food waste disposal systems focus on their economic and environmental viability and are putting efforts into using food waste as a resource input to agriculture. Effective and advanced waste management systems are adopted to deal with massive waste production so as to fill the gap between the production and management of waste disposal. Food waste biorefineries are a sustainable, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach for the production of platform chemicals, biofuels, and other bio-based materials. These materials not only provide sustainable resources for producing various chemicals and materials but have the potential to reduce this huge environmental burden significantly. In this regard, technological advancement has occurred in past few years that has proven suitable for tackling this problem.
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Boonyaroj, Varinthorn, Onanong Unprasit, and Sunisa Saiuparad. "Solid Waste Management Services in Pathio Subdistrict Municipality, Chumphon Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (June 2017): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.128.
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This research was investigated the solid waste management services and waste collection system of Pathio Subdistrict Municipality, Chumphon province through the application of quantitative research using an information collected from 2011 to 2014. The population density in the year 2011 to 2015 was found 719 to 736 person/km2. Solid waste quantities were analyzed through the Lyapunov Exponent (LE) together with predictability method. A number of wastes in each year in this area were quite similar. This research provided the situation of solid wastes management in Pathio subdistrict municipality. Public participation is important for sustainable solid waste management with 3Rs concept were necessary for people practice and reducing the volume of wastes in their daily life for sustainable solid waste management service in this community. For enhancing positive attitudes among the people while conducting activities which targeted on wastes reduction such as waste banks. Moreover, solid wastes management system helped to increase people’s awareness on the importance of sorting waste at source.
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Munir, Sobia, Syeda Adila Batool, and Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry. "Characterization of hospital waste in Lahore, Pakistan." Chinese Medical Journal 127, no. 9 (May 5, 2014): 1732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20132088.
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Background It is a common practice in developing countries that medical/infectious waste openly dumped with municipal solid waste. This paper presented a generation and characterization study of hospital waste. Determination of the waste composition is a basic step for selecting the most efficient treatment method of hospital waste. Methods Stratified random sampling was used to collect the samples of general as well as medical wastes for seven days. Medical waste was sorted into 10 categories whereas general waste was classified into 11 categories. Incineration was observed thoroughly for observing flaws in the incineration process. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 16.0. Results The studied hospital produced an average 297 kilograms of medical waste daily and it comprises plastics (71.0%), glass (13.9%), papers etc. (3.8%), cotton/dressings (5.7%), masks/gloves/sheets (0.3%) diapers (0.4%), wasted machines used in operation theaters (2.0%) and blades (0.1%). Laboratories, cancer ward, nursery ward, OPD and emergency ward are the largest infectious waste producing departments in the hospital. The hospital produced an average 3 511 kilograms of general waste daily in which organics constitute (44.3%), diapers etc. (42.8%), demolition materials (3.7%), plastic waste mixing medical plastic waste (2.5%), miscellaneous (2.14%), cloth/clothes (1.6%), cardboard (1.3%), papers (0.8%), cotton dressings (0.28%), glass (0.27%) and iron materials (0.18%). Other alarming facts are: medical waste is recycled in study area, after incineration of hospital waste, ash simply dumped in the premises of the hospital without any liner system. Conclusions The studied hospital produces 10% of infectious waste and 90% of general waste. The largest components of the infectious waste are plastic and glass. Organics and diapers are major components of the general waste coming from different sites of the hospital. Lack of training, inadequate knowledge regarding to the composition of the infectious waste and risks associated with the waste are the major issues which must be addressed and resolved.
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Amasuomo, Ebikapade, and Jim Baird. "The Concept of Waste and Waste Management." Journal of Management and Sustainability 6, no. 4 (November 28, 2016): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v6n4p88.
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<p>Several studies and researches have been conducted on the sources and characteristics of wastes as well as the possible adverse effect of inappropriate handling and best international practices. One thing that is still not clear however is what exactly constitutes a waste? How much do we know about what should be classed as waste? What are the historical contexts of waste managements? The present paper seeks to examine these vital questions with a view to providing answers from previous studies. The paper employed a desktop approach to provide answers to the research objectives. Specifically, the paper uses a descriptive approach to gather information from peer reviewed publications such as, journal articles, environmental organizations reports and books. It was found that, waste is to a large extent subjective in meaning as a substance can only be regarded as a waste when the owner labels it as such. This is particularly true because one individual may regard a substance as a waste, while another may view the same substance as a resource. Nevertheless, it was argued that there is a need to clearly define what constitute wastes as this form the basis for regulation. <strong></strong></p>
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Koenig, A., and W. C. Yiu. "Waste management in Hong Kong abattoirs." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 1 (July 1, 1999): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0070.
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This paper reports the results of an extensive investigation on the waste management in Hong Kong abattoirs with the following objectives: (i) to identify the existing waste management practices in relation to sources and quantity of wastes generated, methods of storage and handling of wastes, any in-house treatment, and final disposal of wastes, (ii) to identify the problems of existing waste management practices, and (iii) to evaluate the future development. To obtain up-to-date data and reliable information, site visits were conducted and the management of the abattoirs were interviewed in detail about the operation and waste management practices. For each abattoir and one associated by-product plant, detailed material balances were established for liquid and solid wastes. Complete quantitative results on waste loads, water consumption and material/waste flows are presented. Operational problems regarding wastewater treatment, as well as waste reduction and potential for reuse or recycle of solid wastes are discussed in the context of Hong Kong. Finally, information on the proposed new slaughterhouse (design capacity 5000 pigs and 400 cattle daily) is provided which will include a novel underground wastewater treatment plant.
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Dadzie, Donald Kwabena, Abdul K. Kaliluthin, and D. Raj Kumar. "Exploration of Waste Plastic Bottles Use in Construction." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 2262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091616.
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The vision of this study is geared towards the exploitation of waste plastic bottle use in construction. This review paper is centers on the recycling of waste plastic bottles as a construction material as an effort to help solve the housing deficit in most developing countries including Ghana and to save the depletion of natural resources construction materials. In Ghana, plastic wastes are discarded randomly after usage, hence scatter around in cities, choking drains, and end up threatening our ecosystem. These predominant effects from the plastic wastes have necessitated the need for countries precisely developing countries including Ghana to seek more sustainable methods to reduce the drastic amount of plastic wastes in the environment. In view of the above, this paper focused on the recycling of waste plastic bottles as a construction material as an effort to solve the housing deficit in most developing countries including Ghana and to save the depletion of natural resources construction materials (stones and sand) are very much critical. In the reviews, an effort has been made to utilize the waster plastic bottles in construction by filling the bottles with soil, sand, solid waste materials as brick or block bounded with mortar as a masonry wall or the filled bottles are used as a substitute for the production of the masonry unit production. In summary, it was concluded based on varying test result that: (1) Plastic waste bottles are cheaper to acquire than most conventional construction materials and as such concrete or brick containing any amount of plastic bottle is noted to reduce the total quantities of conventional materials required, thereby reducing the cost as well. (2) The use of plastic waste bottles in construction contributes to environmental friendliness and energy savings since buildings with walls constructed of plastic bottles maintains room temperatures and contribute to energy saving and the cost of providing an artificial thermal control system. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091616 Full Text: PDF
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Palomar, Adriel Alfred Umali, Marloe B. Sundo, Perlie P. Velasco, and Donny Rey D. Camus. "End-of-pipe Waste Analysis and Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 9 (September 22, 2019): 1970–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091386.
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A ten-year integrated solid waste management plan was established for the University of the Philippines Los Baños which complies with the provisions of RA 9003. An end-of-pipe Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS) was performed to identify the classification of wastes in UPLB. Waste generation was found to be 593.67 kg/day on the average and is expected to increase by 2% per year which is 709.49 kg/day on the year 2027. The waste composition by weight of the non-biodegradable wastes are as follows: plastic (55.68%); paper (35.77%); glass bottles (5.22%); metal (2.77%); and residuals (0.55%). A large portion of the wastes, which is 99.45% by weight, are recyclables. The loose density of wastes is 131.93 kg/ m3. Feasible collection points were assigned to improve efficiency of the collection of wastes in the university. Building units inside the campus were clustered and was assigned to dispose wastes to a single temporary storage facility per cluster. There are 181 units of 240-L garbage bin needed for the 39 clusters in UPLB. Two sets of dimensions of a proposed temporary storage facility were provided for the temporary storage facility; 5 2 2.2 m and 3.5 2 2.2 m. Conceptual design and structural plans of the materials recovery facility were provided. Mass balance was performed, and the theoretical diversion efficiency of the materials recovery facility is 99.445%.
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Akeh, Gabriel Igbe, and Bawagana Shehu. "Solid Waste Disposal and Management Problems in Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri, North-East Nigeria." MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2018.03.00065.
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This study examined the problems of solid waste disposal and management in Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri, Borno state, North-east Nigeria. A set of questionnaire was administered on a sample of two hundred and sixty (260) respondents within the study area. The data collected were analyzed descriptively. The results obtained indicated that food wastes, polythene bags and polystyrene food packs constituted the largest component of wastes in the Hostel area. Other forms of solid wastes generated in other locations chosen for the study were paper waste, plastic/rubber bottles, leaves and metal cans. The study revealed that 44.83% of the respondents store their wastes in waste bins/ receptacles while 38.36% of the respondents practiced open surface dumping. The results showed that solid waste receptacles provided by the institution were inadequate. The findings also revealed that solid wastes were regularly collected by the polytechnic sanitation workers. Generally, 56.47% of the respondents were satisfied with the performance of the polytechnic sanitation unit in managing solid wastes in the institution. Inadequate personnel, lack of solid waste vehicles and funding were identified as the major challenges in solid waste management. The study recommended among others that the polytechnic administration should recruit more personnel, procure solid waste vehicles and adequately provide funds to the sanitation unit for effective management of solid waste. Furthermore, the institution should embark on awareness campaigns on environmentally friendly approaches to solid waste disposal to check indiscriminate dumping of solid wastes within the polytechnic premises.
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Javed, Saira, and Faheem Malik. "Urban Solid Waste Management." American Journal of Environment Studies 5, no. 2 (November 2, 2022): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1268.
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This review article creates awareness among people to manage solid waste by using different methods because if these wastes are not properly disposed then different environmental problems are created. Books and journals were utterly examined for this study. Waste is by product which is produced by human activities through different resources. Population growth, urbanization and exceeding economy are factors due to which its management is a challenge. Incineration, composting, pyrolysis, gasification and landfilling are different procedures which are used to manage wastes. Current strategies for treatment of solid waste are used to reduce or to recover solid waste, useful products are produced by waste through these processes which are then used in different ways.
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Korzh, Z. V. "THE PECULIARITIES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ZHYTOMYR REGION." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2018.07.
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The paper analyses the peculiarities of waste management in Zhytomyr region over the last 5 years. There was a significant decrease (up to 40 %) in the amount of wastes belonging to the hazard Classes I–IV as well as almost 40 times reduction in waste products of the hazard Class III. The largest amount of waste products of the hazard Classes I–IV was formed in Popilnia district, Andrushivka district and Zhytomyr. The smallest amount of these waste products was found in Pulyny, Brusyliv and Baranivka districts. The highest amount of available waste products was registered in Zhytomyr, in Korosten and Ovruch districts respectively. Berdychiv, Malyn and Brusyliv districts were characterized as those ones generating the least amount of waste products. The waste products of mining industry and wastes of organic nature, videlicet wood waste, plant and animal waste account for 28 % of all the wastes generated for the period of 2016. Household wastes, other mineral wastes, and dead rock account for 22 %, 21 % and 16 % respectively. The lack of properly functioning infrastructure (first of all, the system of separate collection) causes annual losses of million tons of valuable resources contained in waste products. The simultaneous need of domestic processing enterprises for such raw materials is solved nowadays by means of purchasing such recyclable materials from other countries. The issue of further implementation of low-waste technologies as well as the improvement of regulatory and legal support in the field of waste management need urgent solving. Bibl. 16, Fig. 1, Tab. 2.
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M. Faisal. "ANALISIS LAJU ALIR SAMPAH DAN EMISI CARBON YANG DIHASILKAN KOTA BANDA ACEH." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 3, no. 4 (January 8, 2015): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v3i4.1646.
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This research aims to analyze the material flow of solid waste of Banda Aceh city by using Material Flow Analysis (MFA) method. The domestic wastes used in this research are limited to organic waste, plastic and paper. Results show that the solid wastes in Banda Aceh city do not treated well and thus required further treatment process. Wastes are separated at the kampong Jawa waste treatment process. Leaves waste are treated for compost, while no treatment process for plastic and paper wastes. The percentage of organic wastes, paper and plastic produced from Banda Aceh city were 89,1 %; 2,5 %; 0,74 %, respectively. Total amount of waste in the city of Banda Aceh is 86057,64 t/month producing carbon emission of 83726,6 t/month.
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Dhakal, Rabindra Prasad. "Waste management scheme and way forward for during and post COVID-19." Applied Science and Technology Annals 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/asta.v1i1.30282.
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The SARS-CoV-2 or/andCOVID-19 may have contaminated the wastes, which need especial precaution as suggested by WHO guidelines. WHO also suggested that no cases have been reported of infection from the waste workers working on infected wastes so far. However, in case of Nepal, 50% wastes used to be collected at the time 2011, which seems significantly improving as high as 81% in sampled areas. In COVID period, the concern was raised on safety issues of waste workers as suggested by RDT positive, hence, the public perception of waste management, the scope of recycling of wastes and up streaming of waste materials as economical commodities with proper intervention of technologies, awareness and behavior is incorporated in this study. It is estimated that the total Plastic wastes of major city centers could be significantly turned into useful products including fuel. For example, Kathmandu Valley can extract 24,298 KL oil from wastes plastics, which is based on calculation of waste per capita, waste composition and conversion ratio. Hence, the COVID-19 pandemic could be turn into opportunities in the sector of waste management provided we act wisely.
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Simon, Churchill Ebinimitei, and Opololaoluwa Oladimarum Ijaola. "Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in Yenagoa Metropolis and Its Associated Management Problems, Nigeria." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40377.
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Abstract: Waste proliferation has increasingly become a serious concern of municipal authorities in recent times, especially for developing countries and municipalities. This paper presents the composition of municipal solid wastes generated in the Yenagoa metropolis and dumped in the Yenagoa Central waste dumpsite, Bayelsa State Nigeria. The character of the municipal solid waste was determined in terms of the composition of individual waste in the waste stream using average mass (kg) and percentage composition by mass of the various components using electronic weighing balance. It was found that 53.125% of the solid waste generated in the study area was made up of organic waste. Out of this percentage, food waste was the most abundant with 32.38% by mass. Vegetable waste recorded 5.8% composition by mass. Paper and Textile recorded 6.5% and 6.38% respectively. Wood waste had 2.13% composition by mass. While the percentage of inorganic waste within the waste stream was 46.875% in the following order, Plastic and nylon bags recorded 20.38% by mass of the total waste stream. Bottles, leathers, ceramics and construction wastes recorded 8%, 1.38%, 1.13% and 5.63% respectively. Electronic waste recorded 6.75% composition by mass. Metals, Cans and Battery wastes recorded 0.75%, 2% and 0.25% respectively. Finally, medical waste recorded 0.63% composition by mass. It is recommended that adequate financial provision, proper waste legislation, training and re-training of staff and full community participation in waste management should be encourage. Formal composting and recycling facilities should also be setup to enhance adequate management of waste. Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste, Characterization, Proliferation, Composition.
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Ongia, Joel Owiny, Loy Turyabanawe, Bernard Barasa, Andrew Mulabbi, and Gertrude Akello. "Factors and Constraints Hindering Effective Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case Study of Northern Uganda." International Journal of Advanced Research 3, no. 1 (October 6, 2021): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijar.3.1.431.
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In developing countries, little information is available about solid-waste characteristics, determinants for adoption and performance-evaluation of municipal-waste management systems in Municipals. This study aimed: to characterize the municipal solid-wastes, collection, dumping and evaluate the efficiency and reliability of Municipal solid-waste management system. A total of 200 households were randomly sampled and interviewed. Data was analysed using Binary-Logistic Regression model to determine factors influencing collection and dumping of solid wastes. Results showed that biodegradable/organic wastes comprise a major fraction of solid-wastes produced. Factors that influenced solid-waste collection and dumping included: household-age, unavailability of solid-waste containers, inadequate collection/dumping space and weak legal-enforcement against poor-dumping. The waste system is constrained by inadequate transport facilities, inadequate space for temporal dumping; and lack of legal enforcement in matters of solid-waste poor handling. These have made the systems ineffective and unreliable. This study recommends involvement of all stakeholders in innovative approaches to uphold sustainable municipal sanity.
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Khadzhynova, O. "Relationship Between Economic Security and Waste Processing Levels Among EU Countries." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1269, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1269/1/012002.
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Abstract The article explores the relationship between economic security and the dynamics of waste processing among various groups in EU countries. The analysis of waste processing dynamics among EU countries was conducted both from the perspective of the type of processing (Energy recovery, Recycling) and from the perspective of the type of waste generation (recyclable wastes, mixed ordinary wastes, animal and mixed food waste, chemical and medical wastes). In addition, significant attention was paid to determining the relationship between the level of economic development and waste processing nationally among different EU countries. Using regression models, the magnitude of the average marginal impact of the level of economic growth on waste processing volumes among EU countries was determined.
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Jeon, Ji-Hun, Jong-Hwan Lee, Woo-Chun Lee, Sang-Woo Lee, and Soon-Oh Kim. "Solidification of Radioactive Wastes Using Recycled Cement Originating from Decommissioned Nuclear-Energy Facilities." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2024): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14051781.
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Hundreds of thousands of tons of waste are generated from decommissioned nuclear- power facilities, and it has become a critical global issue to secure technology for reducing and recycling this waste. Concrete waste (CW) is estimated to comprise 60–80% of the total waste, and concrete-waste powder (CWP) includes enough inorganic substances used as effective materials for waste treatment. Accordingly, it can be used to produce recycled cement (RC). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a solidification agent manufactured using recycled cement (SRC) for the safe packing of radioactive wastes, such as coarse aggregates of CW, waste soil, and metal wastes originating from decommissioned nuclear facilities. The experimental results indicated that the most relevant incineration temperature of CWP for RC was 700 °C. The optimum water-to-binder ratio was determined to be 0.4, and the most relevant substitution ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag for CWP was determined to be 15%. In addition, calcium silicate hydrate is the most effective hydration product for improving the compressive strength of SRC. The maximum packing capacities of the SRC for coarse aggregates, waste soil, and metal waste, which were simulated as radioactive wastes, were determined to be 30, 5, and 7 wt%, respectively. The results of leaching tests using SRC containing radioactive wastes contaminated with Co, Cs, and Sr indicated that their leachability indices met the acceptance level for disposal. Consequently, the RC composed of CWP can be used as a solidifying agent to safely dispose of radioactive wastes, such as coarse aggregates, waste soil, and metal waste.
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Roshna Meeran, A., and V. Nithya. "Implementation of SIFT for detection of electronic waste." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (March 19, 2018): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10461.
Full textAbstract:
The paper focuses on the investigation of image processing of Electronic waste detection and identification in recycling process of all Electronic items. Some of actually collected images of E-wastes would be combined with other wastes. For object matching with scale in-variance the SIFT (Scale -Invariant- Feature Transform) is applied. This method detects the electronic waste found among other wastes and also estimates the amount of electronic waste detected the give set of wastes. The detection of electronics waste by this method is most efficient ways to detect automatically without any manual means.
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Tegadye, Desnet Gebrekidan, Chhotu Ram, and Kibrom Alebel. "Assessment and Characterization of Leather Solid Waste from Sheba Leather Industry PLC, Wukro, Ethiopia." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 1995–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i04.025.
Full textAbstract:
Leather manufacturing processes raw hides and skins into various finished leather products, generating huge amounts of untanned and untanned leather solid wastes (LSWs). The present study investigates the LSWs generation, characterization, and management practices of the Sheba leather industry in Ethiopia. Results revealed that LSWs are categorized as non-chrome solid waste, including de-dusted salt, raw trimming, hairs, fleshing waste, pickle trimming, and splitting wastes. Chrome-based wastes include chrome shaving waste, crust leather trimming waste, buffing dust waste, finished leather trimming waste, etc. Further, solid wastes were characterized for the physico-chemical parameters viz. moisture (31.5%), ash content (7.3%), pH (5.7), carbon content (14.7%), nitrogen content (0.3%), chromium content (2%), calorific value (20,107 kJ.kg-1), VOCs (75.1%) and carbon to nitrogen ratio (52:1). Results obtained suggested various sustainable technological options for the effective LSWs management to preserve environment.
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Yustina, Endang Wahyati. "ASPEK HUKUM PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH MEDIS PADA FASILITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN." Jurnal Paradigma Hukum Pembangunan 6, no. 1 (July 16, 2021): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/paradigma.v6i1.2585.
Full textAbstract:
Hazardous and Toxic Waste/ (Hazardous and Toxic Materials) is the residue of a business and/or activity containing hazardous and toxic materials (B3). One of the B3 wastes is medical waste, which is an infectious waste generated from activities at health care facilities, in the form of solid or liquid waste. These medical wastes are generated from activities such as hospitals, community health centres, independent practice places, clinics, etc. Amenities. Medical waste is an infectious object or item that must be properly managed, starting from the time of collection, transportation, to the destruction process. Therefore, it is necessary to have legally binding regulations related to waste and its management.
This research is descriptive in nature which will produce a regulatory description of B3 waste management, particularly medical waste with the protection of environmental health rights. The research approach used normative legal approach. The data collected is in the form of secondary data, while the method of analysis used is qualitative analysis methods.
The results showed that the more human activity increased, the more waste was generated. Medical waste is one of the B3 wastes. Medical waste is waste that is directly generated from the diagnosis and medical treatment of patients in health care facilities, such as in polyclinic, nursing, surgical, obstetrics, autopsy and laboratory rooms. To avoid environmental risks, medical waste management must be carried out properly. Various laws and regulations for the management of B3 waste have been enacted, including Government Regulation No. 19/1994 (PP 19/1994) concerning Management of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes up to PP 101/2014. The provisions regarding B3 waste management are based on Law Number 32 the Year 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (UUPLH). However, related to medical waste, it still needs to be synchronized with the regulations in Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health. Regulations on medical waste management aim to protect environmental health. Medical waste management can prevent environmental pollution and prevent disease transmission (infection) and prevent waste misuse.
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Chowdhury, Mohammed Omar Sahed, and Ashef Ainan Baksh. "Analysis of Urban Solid Waste Management System of Bangladesh and Germany Waste Management System." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 11, no. 11 (2020): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2020.11.11.1299.
Full textAbstract:
Bangladesh is a low-lying riverine country. Unplanned growth of urban population causes audacious generation of solid wastes and strives immense pressure on existing services and environment. At present days, urban solid waste management is considered as most immediate and demanding environmental problems vexing Municipal authorities or urban governments in developing Asian countries like Bangladesh. Cities are now clashing with the serious problems of high amount of waste. The traditional concepts and inferior technologies of collecting waste are becoming incomplete as well as incompetent resulting more than half of the engendered solid wastes remain uncollected, disposed of regionally, forging the environmental view of cities quite murky and disheartening for the future. In waste management system, Germany is a role model for the world and the New German Closed-Cycle management is aiming to curve the waste management into resource management. The main intent of this research study is to categories in the solid wastes, discussing the issues of waste generation, a popular method for solid waste management, gasification schematic and waste-management model for Bangladesh. This study also explains Germany Closed-Cycle Management Act as well as waste treatment facilities, recovery, and disposal rate in Germany. Germany keeps very high-quality to preserve soil, air and water from the emissions integrated with waste storage and treatment.
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Choi, Hyeong-Jin, Yong Choi, and Seung-Whee Rhee. "A new concept of advanced management of hazardous waste in the Republic of Korea." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 11 (August 13, 2019): 1153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19865337.
Full textAbstract:
In order to activate the recycling of hazardous wastes, the hazardous characteristics of wastes should be removed or stabilized. However, most recyclers in recycling companies do not understand how to remove the hazardous characteristics in wastes with the proper technology. The aim of a new form of advanced management of hazardous waste is to inform recyclers and operators in industries about hazardous characteristics and the treatment methods required for all management processes, from waste generation to final treatment. In a new method of advanced management of hazardous wastes, chemicals in the waste should be initially examined at the generation source in each industry to create a chemical catalogue. Since hazardous characteristics can be determined by a chemical catalogue obtained from the waste, the hazardous characteristics of wastes can be established and considered when choosing the proper treatment method. Then, the categories of waste treatment methods for each hazardous characteristic can be introduced for generators to treat hazardous wastes properly. Therefore, it is possible to create a link between the source and the final treatment of hazardous wastes using a new concept of industry (In), waste (W), hazardous chemicals and their hazardous characteristics (Ha) and treatment methods (T). This new concept of the “InWhat” system, which includes all management processes in Korea, from waste generation to final treatment, will be proposed as a tool in the advanced management of hazardous wastes.