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1
Holst, Levi. "Waste Is Not Waste Until It's Wasted." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171592.
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Jaensson, Stina. "Solid waste management implementation, an opportunity not to be wasted : Solid waste management in Babati, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2432.
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The amount of waste is increasing in the world due to changed consumption patterns and increasing populations. This is a problem especially in poor countries where the ability to handle the waste is limited due to financial and management problems. The non-profit organization WASTE has developed an Integrated Sustainable Waste Management- concept (ISWM), trying to help cities with waste management. The concept focuses on cooperation and participation among stakeholders, and also introduction of micro-and small enterprises and community based organizations. The aim of this thesis is to give recommendations to Babati, a small town in the north of Tanzania, how to develop their waste management based on the concept of ISWM. A case study has been carried out in the town, founding out that the streets of the town is free from litter today but is facing big challenges in the future. The town has a growing population and is just about to change waste management system. The new system is not developed in cooperation with the stakeholders in the town, but rather an initiative from the authorities, which will make the system very fragile. However, it is not too late to take action for securing a successful implementation of the system. The authorities of Babati now have an opportunity to adjust the solid waste system before population and the mountain of waste gets out of control. The suggestions given to Babati are to have parallel systems of waste collecting; it will try to meet people’s different needs. Encourage people to make waste handling into a business is also essential, that will reduce the amount of waste and generate incomes at the same time. Finally and most important is to involve all stakeholders and listen to their needs. If the stakeholders are parts of the process and involved in decision making, it is much more likely that the system becomes sustainable and a success.
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Lau, Kin-wah. "Management, disposal and recycling of waste organic solvents in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945139.
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Chrobog, Christian Karim. "Wasted: understanding the economic and social impact of food waste." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13325.
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Over one-third of global food production goes to waste while over 850million people are fighting chronic hunger. The United States is the world’s largest food waster. One third of America’s food with an economic value of US$161 billion is wasted and less than 7% is recycled. American food waste ends up in landfills creating powerful methane gas emissions. South Korea, on the other hand, has implemented the world’s strictest food waste laws, and today diverts 93% of wasted food away from landfills turning such waste into powerful economic opportunities. This Master Thesis investigates the reasons behind global food waste by comparing South Korea and the US. It explores what these two nations are doing to address their respective food waste problems, South Korea successfully, the US not. The paper looks at the two countries’ respective policies and national characteristics, which impact decision-making and recycling processes. The effort concludes that South Korea has embarked on a necessary paradigm shift turning food waste into powerful economic drivers leading to a sharp decline in food waste. In the US, food waste continues to be a major problem without a national strategy to remedy waste. Any effort in the US, while laudable, is sporadic and local, and hence the US misses out on possibly important economic growth opportunities.
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Pongrácz, E. (Eva). "Re-defining the concepts of waste and waste management:evolving the Theory of Waste Management." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514268210.
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Abstract
In an attempt to construct a new agenda for waste management, this
thesis explores the importance of the definition of waste and its impact
on waste management, and the role of ownership in waste management. It is
recognised that present legal waste definitions are ambiguous and do not
really give an insight into the concept of waste. Moreover, despite its
explicit wish of waste prevention, when according to present legislation a
thing is assigned the label of a waste, it is going to be treated like
waste, implicitly legislation thus amasses waste. The philosophical
ramifications inherent in such definitions mean that they are not capable
of constructing a system that, by its very nature, results in a
sustainable waste management system. It is also a fact that, while there
are numerous practices as to how to deal with a particular type of waste,
there is no theory of waste management. In this thesis, waste as a concept
is analysed from the point of view of why and when waste is created. Using
the PSSP language, waste is classified based on the Purpose and
Performance attributes. New, dynamic definitions for waste and waste
management are offered, which explain why waste is created and
intrinsically offer a solution to how the problem could be solved.
Additional waste-related concepts are introduced, which are thought to
have great potential for improvement on waste regulation. The concept of
ownership is explained as rights and responsibilities of waste
creators/owners: it is thus crucial to raising awareness about waste.
Ownership in itself often dictates which waste management options are
preferentially adopted by a given community. The role of legislation in
producing monitoring systems for the transfer of ownership as well as
abandonment of ownership is analysed. To avoid obstacles to resource
conservation due to materials being considered waste, a definition for
non-waste is introduced. The new agenda for waste management thus focuses
upon the development of more appropriate, sustainable definitions so that
what is now commonly perceived as being waste will in fact be increasingly
seen as resource-rich, 'non-waste'. The role of waste management is
explained as control of all waste-related activities, with the aim of
preventing, minimising or utilising waste. The need for a theory of waste
management is explained, and the first building blocks of the theory are
proposed. This thesis is offered as the first step toward scientification
of waste management.
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Rosberg, Philip. "Waste management at Electrolux : Proposals for a New Waste Management- and Waste Reporting System." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202577.
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There has been an increased trend and awareness, during the past two decades, for global companies to assess their environmental impact. And when it comes to waste management, there are at this point few disarmaments that an increased awareness of companies’ resource-, and waste streams can have positive financial outcomes, if actions are taken. A lot of these ideas have already been implemented within Electrolux. By developing an energy and water management plan, Green Spirit, they have successfully improved their operations with reducing their energy intensity with 17% (2011-2015) and water intensity with 35% (2011- 2015) (Electrolux Sustainability, 2016). This study has the main objective how to improve and reduce waste in Electrolux´s production facilities, and to help Electrolux understand their waste streams. By assessing the waste performance at Electrolux, and by comparing environmental KPIs between Electrolux and a selection of competitors, a basis for decision was developed. Literature studies of legislative frameworks in geographical regions where Electrolux have a strong presence have helped to understand how companies can work with regulatory entities to solve greater issues. By joining forces with other companies and governments, Electrolux will be able to set an example of how waste performance and profitability can be achieved. By sharing best practice, and engaging with stakeholders and developers, Electrolux can help improve waste performance and save natural resources. This thesis has lead to the development of a new management system, a new reporting system, and a transparent way to rank and keep track of waste performance at Electrolux factories. A way to understand and address issues related to zero waste is also presented.
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Mazumder, Shanta. "Hydrothermal Upgrading of Coal Waste with Food Waste." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1564657234997005.
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Carolus, Vernon. "Waste and waste management in Breede Valley district." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/784.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007The waste management that is taking place in the Breede Valley district focus mainly on disposal and end-of-pipe solutions. This approach resulted in serious negative impacts on the environment and human health. Improper waste management practices have become a major source of concern due to the risk associated with poor waste management in the area. Indiscriminate dumping of waste at street corners is very common. The basic waste management processes of collection, transport, segregation and [mal disposal appear to be very inefficient and inadequate. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of the waste stream as well as public awareness, attitudes and behaviours towards current and alternative waste management practices. A waste assessment study was conducted to determine the amount of waste generated by the different communities, as well as how much and what of the recyclables can be taken out of the waste stream by recycling. For this study data was obtained by formulation of questionnaires for businesses, communities and medical practitioners, as well as an interview with the Engineering Department of the Breede Valley Municipality about the current waste management situation in the area. From the data obtain from businesses, communities and medical facilities, it is clear that public participation, partnership, education and awareness is essential for effective integrated waste management. This study revealed that waste management practices are inefficient, uncontrolled and fragmented. This investigation shows that there is a huge difference between the different communities in terms of the volume of waste generation. The study also shows that waste related legislation is outdated and fragmented and there is no enforcement by municipal officials. The major Issues and challenges that affect the management of waste. include its organisational structure and lack of waste minimisation plans.
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Hoffman, Edward Albert. "Neutron transmutation of nuclear waste." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16700.
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Tereshchenko, K. "Waste exchanges." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26799.
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Stidham, Steve P. "Waste= Capital." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306501008.
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Wright, Linda Marie. "Sustainable waste management and vermicomposting of biodegradable municipal waste." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407990.
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Jafaripour, Amir. "Utilisation of waste gas sludge for waste water treatment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4784/.
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This hypothesis driven research investigated the removal of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn from synthetic metal solutions and real Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) from Wheal Jane mine in West Cornwall UK, employing waste gas sludge (BOS sludge) which is an end waste reside generated from steel production. Batch experiments showed the efficiency and adsorption rates increased with reduction in BOS sludge particle size, lower in initial metal concentration, increase in BOS sludge dosage, an increase in initial pH and increase in agitation speed. Fitting of the Langmuir isotherm model to experimental data gave a good fit with correlation coefficients R\(^2\)≥0.99 and the selectivity series of BOS sludge was: Cu\(^2\)\(^+\)>Fe\(^3\)\(^+\)>Zn\(^2\)\(^+\)>Mn\(^2\)\(^+\). For single and multiadsorbate systems, a Pseudo second order model was the most appropriate theory to satisfactorily describe experimental data and the rate limiting step for this process was chemisorption. Adsorption was spontaneous and high pH promoted adsorption possibly by precipitation and/or ion exchange processes which had taken place between the exchangeable cations present in BOS and solutions. Results from the treatment of real and synthetic AMD solutions revealed that BOS sludge worked well and hence BOS sludge as a novel low cost material could be used as a sustainable sorbent in AMD treatment technologies.
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Mashazhu, Mabasa. "Waste farm: a productive landscape for integrated waste management." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28251.
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In 2010 the city of Cape Town partnered with the Department of Environmental Affairs to initiate a project to investigate and evaluate the possible re-opening and licensing of Historic and Old landfill sites. The project to reassess these landfill sites is due to the fact that the three main operating landfill sites in Cape Town are nearing capacity. This calls for the city to re-imagine its waste management infrastructure. Meanwhile, within the urban areas of Cape Town, there exists a network and constellations of informal waste pickers working in conjunction with buy-back centres and recyclers to form an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable solution that diverts volumes of recyclable waste from landfills. These informal waste pickers contribute to filling in a gap within the formal recycling system but there is no infrastructure supporting these individuals on whom the formal recycling industry depends on. Most of the waste pickers sleep 'on the streets' with little access to amenities such as water, toilets and washing facilities. The spaces they occupy/sleep make it hard to store their pickings and hence they are forced to sell as soon as they collect. It also forces them to make multiple trips to the buy-back centres whom they are always at the mercy of, particularly when the ever changing price of recyclable waste is low. This project aims at creating a productive landscape that uses waste as a vehicle to enhance the livelihoods of informal waste pickers and encourage local communities to see the economic and environmental value of recycling waste. By providing secure storage and sorting, safe/hygienic sleeping and cleaning spaces coupled with social and productive areas; the project seeks to unlock the potential of recycling using a suitable architectural intervention that is self-sustaining.
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Toca, Andreea. "Rethinking waste streams: using food waste to rear mealworms." Thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211251.
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In needing to create a better and more sustainable future for our world, changing our diet and finding a sustainable ‘protein of the future’ is one of the necessary steps we must take. This thesis explores the relatively fresh, but not unheard of, concept of using food waste to rear mealworms for human consumption, in the Swedish context. It talks about why we should switch our protein source and how we can do it, by taking the reader step-by-step through the process of producing alternative proteins, and the various scales it can happen. The thesis is written from a waste management perspective and argues for viewing food waste as a resource, by utilising said resource to meet the demands of alternate systems (i.e. growing alternative protein sources), thereby closing the loop. Interviews are combined with literature in such a way that the two compliment each other to make up for missing information, as the subject matter of using food waste to rear insects is still quite fresh and not discussed at great length in literature, especially in the Swedish context. The overarching theoretical point of departure comes from Bill Mollison’s and David Holmgren’s permaculture principles of design, which argues for a holistic view on production, consumption, the environment and just generally how we choose to live our lives. The thesis recommends that a good starting point in rearing insects with food waste, is through community initiatives and discusses how this is possible to achieve. The author hopes that this thesis can be used as a guide, whether it is used by a private individual, an interested group or community, or even municipal actors, to achieve a more sustainable future, and help change the norm of our waste, going to waste.För att skapa en bättre och mer hållbar framtid är en förändring i vår kost genom att hitta ett hållbart alternativt protein, ett av de nödvändiga stegen vi måste ta. I denna studie undersöks det relativt nya men inte helt okända konceptet att använda matavfall för att föda upp mjölmaskar för livsmedelskonsumtion, i en svensk kontext. Studien diskuterar varför vi bör ersätta vår nuvarande proteinkälla och hur vi kan göra det. Läsaren guidas steg för steg genom processen att producera alternativa proteiner och de olika skalor det kan göras i. Studien är skriven ur ett avfallshanteringsperspektiv och argumenterar för att matavfall ska ses som en resurs som kan användas för att möta efterfrågan på alternativa system (det vill säga alternativa proteinkällor) och därigenom sluta cirkeln. Intervjuer kombineras med litteratur och kompletterar på så sätt varandra och fyller i kunskapsluckor, eftersom ämnet att använda matavfall till uppfödning av insekter fortfarande är relativt nytt och inte diskuteras i särskilt stor utsträckning i litteraturen, särskilt inte i Sverige. Den övergripande teoretiska utgångspunkten kommer från Bill Mollisons och David Holmgrens permakulturprinciper, som argumenterar för en helhetssyn på produktion, konsumtion, miljö och i stort hur vi väljer att leva våra liv. Studien rekommenderar att en bra utgångspunkt för uppfödning av insekter med matavfall är genom samhällsinitiativ och den diskuterar hur detta kan uppnås. Författaren hoppas att denna studie kan användas som en guide, oavsett om den används av en privatperson, en intressegrupp eller till och med av kommunala aktörer, för att uppnå en mer hållbar framtid och bidra till att ändra synen på vårt avfall, till att det ses som något mer än enbart avfall.
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Garrison, Kenneth E. "The evaluation of the Chemchar, Chemchar II, and Chemchar III gasification processes for the treatment of a variety of inorganic and organic laden wastes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988662.
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Poe, Nicholas Edward. "Acetone, Butanol, and Ethanol (ABE) Production from Food Waste via Clostridium beijerinckii." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96601.
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Annually, approximately 150 million metric tonnes of food goes to waste in the U.S., potentially causing economic loss and environmental pollution. Fermentation of food waste to produce acetone, butanol and ethanol (ABE) via fermentation has the potential to valorize food waste by producing value-added chemicals. However, the composition of food wastes from different sources vary, which affects ABE fermentation performance and hinders the commercialization of food waste fermentation. The objective of this study is to investigate the compositional variation of food waste collected weekly for 16 weeks (a total of sixteen samples) and determine how this variation affects ABE fermentation performance. Samples collected from Southgate Center, a food processing facility operated by Virginia Tech Dining Services, was characterized for use as a feedstock for ABE fermentation. Water, sugar, starch, fiber, protein, fat and ash concentrations in each of food waste samples were determined. ABE fermentation of these wastes was performed using Clostridium beijerinckii via batch fermentations. Correlations of ABE and butanol yields with the individual components of food waste composition were performed to better understand which components are key to ABE fermentation.
Overall, this study demonstrated the feasibility of using food waste as a viable feedstock for ABE fermentation and investigated the effect of variation of food waste composition on the ABE fermentation performance. In the 16 collected samples, each major compositional attribute exhibited high variability. The concentration of total soluble sugar, defined as glucose, fructose, sucrose for the purposes of this experiment, ranged from 0.5 to 53.5% (dry basis) among different food waste samples. The concentration ranges of total starch, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein, crude fat and ash were 0 to 23.4% (dry basis), 0.6 to 25.8%, 5.5 to 21.2%, 0.1 to 37.9%, 1.4 to 13.7%, respectively. The high variation of food waste composition resulted in a high variation of ABE yield when these food wastes were subjected to fermentation by C. beijerinckii. The total ABE concentration following fermentation ranged between 6.9 to 17.0 g/L with an average value of 13.2 g/L. ABE and butanol concentrations are positively correlated with starch and equivalent glucose, i.e., the sum of initial free glucose and glucose that could be theoretically hydrolyzed from starch and sucrose during fermentation, but is negatively correlated with NDF concentrations.Master of Science in Life Sciences
Nearly 40% of food in the U.S. goes to waste, causing a huge amount of economic loss and environmental pollution. Use of microorganisms to ferment food waste is a viable way to mitigate many of the issues associated with food waste. Put simply, fermentation is a biological process in which an organic substrate, such as food waste, is consumed and a more valuable product is produced. In this study, different food wastes were collected from the campus food processing center weekly for 16 weeks. Water, sugars, starch, fiber, protein, fat and ash contents of the collected food wastes were determined. Fermentation of these food wastes were conducted using a microorganism called Clostridium beijerinckii. The results showed that there was a high variation amongst the composition of the food waste samples. The concentration of total soluble sugar (glucose, fructose, sucrose) ranged from 0.5 to 53.5% (dry basis) among different food waste samples. The concentration ranges of total starch, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein, crude fat and ash were 0 to 23.4% (dry basis), 0.6 to 25.8%, 5.5 to 21.2%, 0.1 to 37.9%, 1.4 to 13.7%, respectively. The variation of food waste composition also led to different fermentation yields. It was also found that a higher glucose content in food waste results in a higher fermentation product yield; however, a higher fiber content in food waste results in a lower fermentation product yield.
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Man, Yuk-lan Catherine. "Cyanide waste management : technologies, economic aspects, and constraints /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17665346.
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Karatt, Vellatt Vijesh. "Effect of sugar waste, surfactant waste and paint waste on the degradation of anaerobic bioreactor landfill components." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42439.
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Anaerobic bioreactor landfills are the landfills with an increased moisture content inorder to achieve a better biodegradation. Many Bioreactor landfills accept outside liquid wastes to achieve a higher moisture content . But the effect of these wastes on the degradation of landfill components is not known.
In this study, the effect of sugar waste, surfactant waste and paint waste on the degradation of landfill components was investigated. Sugar waste, surfactant waste and paint wastes in different concentrations were added to the combination of paper, cardboard, office paper and plastic with a total moisture content of 70%. The samples were incubated, sampled and analytical parameters analyzed. Sugar waste having a COD of 250,000 mg/L in a concentration of even 5% of the total weight was found inhibitive due to a drop in pH and accumulation of volatile fatty acids. Reactors with surfactant concentrations ranging from 50 mg/L to 500 mg/L showed that a higher concentration of 500 mg/L or above may be inhibitive in nature and the inhibition increases with increase in the concentration of surfactant. However, paint waste with a concentration of even 7.5% highly inhibited the degradation in the reactors. This could possibly be because of some toxicity.Master of Science
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Kuslyaykina, Dina. "Exploratory Study of Waste Generation and Waste Minimization in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194013.
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The current thesis presents an exploratory study on municipal solid waste generation and minimization in Sweden, with a focus on their connection to basic socio-economic parameters. The fundamental goal of the study is to investigate into correlations and interdependencies between waste generation, waste minimization and basic socio-economic characteristics on municipal level, and to search for models for explanation of waste management parameters through socio-economic factors. Theoretical background involves reasoning on the role of municipal waste management in sustainable development, and extensive analysis of framework, legislation and organization of municipal solid waste management in Sweden. Practical part presents correlation analysis of data, which proved that socio-economic parameters do not explain differences in waste management performance of Swedish municipalities; however they are closely connected to differences between municipalities in aspect of presence of waste-related data.
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Liang, Li. "Recycling of concrete waste with wood waste through heating compaction." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275674.
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Concrete, as primary building material, is widely used in most construction project. For this reason, large amounts of concrete waste were generated from construction and demolition. One way to reuse concrete waste is to use it as backfill material for landfilling and road bases. While the demand for backfill material is decreasing as the basic infrastructure construction gradually completes. Another way to reuse concrete waste is to grind it and use it as aggregate in casting new concrete. However, the reuse as aggregate for casting concrete requires large amount of cement. It is unsustainable because the production of cement causes significant amounts of carbon dioxide emission. How to deal with the concrete waste in a sustainable way is presently an urgent issue. Powder compaction is a new approach to completely recycle concrete waste in an environmentally friendly way. This new method was studied in the Sakai lab of the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo. The process consists of crushing and milling concrete waste into a fine powder, filling the powder into moulds and compacting it under high pressure. By this process concrete waste powder can be turned into a solid concrete with mechanical properties so that it has potentials to be used again as a building material. Data from previous studies show that the compacted concrete waste can reach strength for construction but the required compaction pressure is quite high. Wood flour can be added in compaction for improving tensile strength and reducing compaction pressure. Lignin is a wood substance that melts under high temperature, fills gaps and improves bonding between particles. Cellulose from the wood substance functions as fibres which improves tensile strength. Wood waste from production of timber building materials, furniture and other wooden products also forms a larger quantities. Recycling of concrete waste with wooden waste through heating compaction is a potentially sustainable method. This Master thesis presents research on the effect from different production conditions on the bending strength of recycled concrete waste with wood waste through heating compaction. The condition factors studied were compaction duration, compaction pressure, concrete proportion, mixture percentage, temperature and particle size of wood flour. To enhance the water resistance of this recycled product, different water resistance treatments were discussed theoretically. The independence of production condition factors was analysed using a statistic method. Results indicated that within a certain range, an increase in compaction duration, compaction pressure, the percentage of wood waste and temperature improves the bending strength of the recycled products. Using smaller particle size of wood flour cannot improve compaction but contribute to give higher bending strength. The mechanical properties of these recycled products suggest application as non-bearing building material, such as decoration tiles and bricks for partition walls. The application as a structural material is expected in the future as improvement treatments are discovered.
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af, Ugglas Samuel. "Waste diagnostic - A caste study of a company’s waste management." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279482.
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This case study of the waste management at a pharmaceutical company investigates the current situation and possible improvements for future work in terms of amount of waste generated, treatment methods and economy. The scope of the project was to assess all current waste streams from the everyday activities and find potential areas for improvement. Chemical/solvent waste have not been investigated thoroughly because of the complexity to make changes within the manufacturing processes. Waste generated during demolition and construction by external contractors have been excluded since it is not a part of the business as usual. The company has set the goal to decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 20% and waste generated by 15% and to achieve these goals the waste diagnostic project have been initiated. Waste reports and guided tours at each department have been compiled to assess and map out all waste streams at the site. The waste management hierarchy has been used as a tool together with performance measurements to evaluate current situation and with examples from literature, other sites and industries recommendations have been made. The waste management hierarchy is a tool used to prioritize waste management to reach a circular economy, with landfill at the bottom and reduction/reuse at the top of the hierarchy the current status of a company can be assessed and also what areas that have to be improved in order to climb the hierarchy. The company shows a good environmental performance today and comply with internal standards, the waste metric scoring calculation results in a value of, , 464 which corresponds to energy recovery level of the waste management hierarchy. An ISO certificate ensures customers that a product or service meet the standards the customer have. There are ISO standards within many different areas and ISO 14001 applies to environmental management which the company is not certified with. The company comply with the internal standards but an ISO certificate would result in extra credibility. Some of the recommendations to the site includes a waste management communication program to engage employees, reuse of disposable pallets, drying of wastewater sludge and installation of paper shredder to reduce costs related to classified documents.Denna fallstudie om avfallshanteringen på ett läkemedelsföretag undersöker den nuvarande situationen och potentiella förbättringsmöjligheter för framtida arbete beträffande mängd avfall som genereras, behandlingsmetoder och ekonomi. Projektets mål var att utvärdera alla avfallsströmmar från de dagliga aktiviteterna och identifiera potentiella områden för förbättring. Kemiskt/lösningsmedelavfall har inte undersökts på djupet på grund av komplexiteten att göra ändringar inom tillverkningsprocesserna. Projektavfall som genererats under rivning och byggande av externa entreprenörer har uteslutits eftersom det inte är en del av den dagliga verksamheten. Företaget har satt som mål att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser med 20% och avfall genererat med 15% och för att uppnå dessa mål har ”waste diagnostic” projektet inletts. Avfallsrapporter och guidade turer vid varje avdelning har sammanställts för att utvärdera och kartlägga alla avfallsströmmar på siten. Avfallshierarkin har använts som ett verktyg tillsammans med prestandamätningar för att utvärdera den aktuella situationen och med exempel från litteratur, andra siter och branscher har rekommendationer gjorts. Avfallshanteringshierarkin är ett verktyg som används för att prioritera avfallshantering för att uppnå en cirkulär ekonomi, med deponering i botten och minskning / återanvändning högst upp i hierarkin kan den aktuella statusen för ett företag bedömas och även vilka områden som måste förbättras för att nå högre upp i avfallshierarkin. Siten visar på en bra miljöprestanda idag och uppfyller de interna standarder som fastställts. Beräkningen av ”waste metric scoring” resulterar i ett värde, , på 464 vilket motsvarar nivån för energiåtervinning i avfallshanteringshierarkin. Ett ISO-certifikat garanterar kunder att en produkt eller tjänst uppfyller de standarder kunden har. Det finns ISO-standarder inom många olika områden och ISO 14001 är certifikatet för miljöledning som siten inte är certifierad med. Företaget följer de interna standarder som har satts men ett ISO-certifikat skulle resultera i ökad trovärdighet. Några av de identifierade rekommendationerna till företaget inkluderar ett kommunikationsprogram för avfallshantering för att engagera och utbilda anställda, återanvändning av engångspallar, torkning av slam och installation av dokumentförstörare för att minska kostnaderna kring sekretessbelagda dokument.
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Martin, R. Scott. "Chemchar gasification of radioactive, inorganic, and organic laden wastes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946277.
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De, Wolf Carol R. "A case study of the implementation of Pennsylvania Act 108 the Hazardous Sites Cleanup Act of 1988 /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1992. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1992.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2938. Abstract precedes thesis as 3 preliminary leaves. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-100).
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Seadon, Jeffrey Keith. "Integrated waste management." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5862.
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Integrated waste management is considered from a systems’ approach, with a particular emphasis on advancing sustainability. The focus of the thesis is to examine the various subsystems as they apply in a New Zealand context and to scrutinize the developments of these subsystems in a time where there has been a renewed worldwide interest in sustainability. Fonterra is evaluated as a prime industry example along with the Ministry for the Environment as the government representative. Both Fonterra and the government have made some progress in addressing the problem of waste and so far they have followed a similar path as their sectors worldwide in that they have addressed parts of the waste issue but not as an ongoing and systematic approach to provide a sustainable solution to waste. The initial aim was to investigate the current state of practice to gain an insight into the integration of waste management. Research into the relevant literature along with a combination of data collection and interviews were organised with practitioners and stakeholders from Fonterra, the Ministry for the Environment, local government waste officials, local and central government politicians, consultants and non-governmental organisations. The thesis identifies pockets of an integrated approach to waste management internationally and even some elements of a systems approach. The path to an integrated approach usually starts with a simple framework like a waste management hierarchy operating in one medium and progresses to multiple media. A range of existing tools provides the flexibility for a systems approach focusing on the processes that increase resource efficiency. The use of leverage points at opportune times can enable substantial improvements in a waste management system that provides opportunities for ongoing systems based integration and the saving of both money and resources. Additionally, integrated waste management systems require agents including site managers, company head office, councils, central government and the community to work together in a cooperative, transparent and coordinated manner. The thesis has provided a way forward to move towards sustainability through an integrated approach to waste management.Whole document restricted until August 2011, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
26
廖家敏 and Ka-man Liu. "Kitchen solid waste." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41549430.
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Stowell, Alison. "Organizing e-waste." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/70211/.
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Over the past thirty years the reliance on Information Communication Technologies (ICT’s) has generated a new form of waste called e-waste. E-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams. It is well known that ICT’s contain materials that, without proper care, are harmful to the environment. The EU responded to these concerns through the creation of the Waste of Electronic and Electrical Equipment (WEEE) Directive, introduced into the UK in 2006. WEEE aims to control electrical and electronic waste through the promotion of reducing, reuse, recycling and recovery. The intention is to improve the environmental profile of those operating within the waste sector with the intention of protecting soil, water and air pollution and to preserve valuable resources. Despite the raised awareness of the problems e-waste contributes globally there is a limited understanding of the significance of the growth of the new form of waste and, specifically, local enactments of waste management. The focus of this thesis is how six organizations within the computer recovery sector have adopted the WEEE legislation. Insights from neo-institutional theory provide an aid to understanding the impact that the legislation has had on the working practices of six organisations dealing with e-waste. An action research approach was adopted for the field research as a means of collecting and analysing qualitative data. In this thesis three arguments are developed. First is that the implementation of the WEEE legislation rests upon the initial categorization of a computer at the point of disposal. Categories relating to waste are not static, but constantly evolving as local negotiation takes place between dominant actor groups. The findings support how categorization determines the trajectory of a computer and plays a crucial role in influencing and reinforcing the boundaries around associated working practices. Second, that the WEEE legislation has created a framework through which institutional entrepreneurs have been able to both bring about changes in their organisation but also to stabilise specific working practices. Institutional entrepreneurs achieve this by mobilising changes to the products and services their organization offers in the context of an emergent institutional field and by reinforcing their occupational identity. Third, that legislation has raised awareness of the complexity of computer design and the multiplicity of disposal practices, but it has also reinforced long-standing associations of waste as a particular type of occupation with specific organizational practices.
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Zetterlund, Sara. "Waste and materials." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148495.
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Нгуєн, В‘єт Нган. "Waste or clothes." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10740.
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Денисова, Людмила Анатоліївна, Людмила Анатольевна Денисова, Liudmyla Anatoliivna Denysova, and Y. V. Miroshnichenko. "Municipal solid waste." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13478.
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People produce a large variety of waste during their life. The sharp rise in consumption has led to an increase of solid waste throughout the world.
Mankind produces 450-500 million tons of municipal solid waste every year. In the developed countries there is from 1 to 3 kg of household waste per capita per day.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13478
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Liu, Ka-man. "Kitchen solid waste." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41549430.
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Hassinger, Elaine, and Jack Watson. "Hazardous Waste Management." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146417.
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2 pp.The wide variety of products commonly used in households and on farms include paints, solvents, oils, fuels, cleaners, wood preservatives, batteries, adhesives, and pesticides. Hazardous substances found in these products can contaminate groundwater if they are not used, stored, and disposed of properly. This fact sheet is taken from the Arizona Farm*A*Syst workbook. It was developed to help readers manage hazardous waste properly.
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Singhabhandhu, Ampaitepin. "Waste-to-energy framework for integrated multiple wastes utilization as energy feedstocks." Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126408.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(エネルギー科学)
甲第14959号
エネ博第202号
新制||エネ||46(附属図書館)
27397
UT51-2009-M873
京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 手塚 哲央, 教授 東野 達, 准教授 河本 晴雄
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Shibutani, Satomi. "Transportation of separate waste fractions in an underground waste transportation system." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58630.
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Today waste management has entered a new stage. Since wastes still contain natural materials and energy that can be extracted, it should be treated in effective ways, for example, for energy recovery or material recycling. Many countries and the municipalities have therefore made waste treatment strategies in accordance with for example, EU directives or governmental regulations. In such circumstances, Envac is one of waste management companies in Sweden, which collects different kinds of waste fractions through an underground pipe system by means of air pressure. In Hammarby sjöstad in Stockholm, currently organic waste, combustible waste, and newspapers are collected by the Envac’s system, however a cross contamination between organic fraction and newspapers has been observed. We therefore performed on-site waste transporting experiments in order to solve this cross contamination and suggest an optimum transporting condition which means that waste bags can be transported with high rate and acceptable condition to the terminal. From the previous study, bag quality and transporting speed were supposed to be the factors that affect the waste purity. Then on-site experiments were designed and carried out based on these factors. In the end, we proposed the optimum condition depending on the bag quality and clarified the causes of the cross contamination.
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Karunasena, G. I. "Capacity building for post disaster waste management : construction and demolition waste." Thesis, University of Salford, 2012. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/38096/.
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Though increasing nature of impacts from disasters has made post disaster management a significant area of concern, management of disaster waste is identified as an area of least concern. It presents momentous challenges for those with inadequate capacities due to large volumes and hazardous constituents created, particularly in developing countries. This is equally applicable to Sri Lanka which was severely affected by the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 and from three decades of civil war. In this context, it is vital to explore capacities which need to be enhanced for post disaster waste management. Accordingly, this study focuses on identification of existing capacities of post disaster waste management with special emphasise on Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste at national level entities in Sri Lanka. Disaster C&D waste comprises of waste such as debris generated from totally or partially damaged buildings and infrastructure as a direct impact of disasters or from demolished buildings and infrastructure at rehabilitation or early recovery stages. Literature revealed that after the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004, collected disaster waste containing a considerable proportion of C&D waste was not recycled or reused at its optimum capacity in Sri Lanka, instead disposing it at landfill sites. Initially, a literature review and document survey was conducted on capacity building with special emphasise on post disaster waste management to identify capacity building principles, strategies, evaluation measures and challenges, if there are any. Pilot interviews were conducted to identify current post disaster waste management practices in Sri Lanka. Multiple case studies and expert interviews were subsequently conducted to gather primary data on existing capacities of post disaster waste management in Sri Lanka. Three case studies which included fourteen individuals and seven experts representing government and non governmental organisations and other sector entities were selected for data collection. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as the main data collection method and code based analysis and cognitive mapping were used to analyse collected data. Results revealed existing capacities, capacity gaps and factors affecting capacity building for post disaster waste management including: skills and confidence building, links and collaborations, continuity and sustainability, research and development, communication and coordination, organisational implementations and investments in infrastructure. Approaches for enhancing capacities in post disaster waste management were identified. They include establishment of a regulatory body and enforceable rules and regulations, promotion of holistic approaches for training and development focussing on indigenous and sustainable methods, development of formal and transparent procedures to establish linkages and collaborations, create awareness on sustainable, environmentally friendly and culturally supportive techniques on disaster waste management. These approaches were identified with the aim to contribute towards achieving sustainable post disaster C&D waste management.
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Tang, Yan-yi, and 鄧欣宜. "Enhancing waste reduction in Hong Kong : a review on waste separation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207625.
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Waste management is always a headache to the policy makers to tackle with nowadays as we are generating more waste than the past generations. Landfill is the only disposal method in Hong Kong since the early of the 1990s and the three strategic landfills are going to be filled. Therefore, the quantity-based waste charging is going to be implemented in the near future in order to reduce waste generation. A complementary recycling system is a must to complete the newly proposed waste management policy to reduce waste volume. There are some obvious problems existing in the current recycling efforts, which hinder the success of waste separation for recycling so as to reduce waste generation.
As a result, it is important to review the current Programme on Source Separation of Domestic Waste. Moreover, a successful waste separation programme for waste reduction requires fulfilling the criteria in the aspects of Recycling Facilities/Services, Public Education & Promotion and Statutory Requirement & Complementary Policy. Based on the survey results, 40% of the current recycling facilities are inconvenient or inconvenient at all and most of the respondents think that there are insufficient recycling facilities in the territory. Nearly 70% of them agree or fully agree to implement mandatory waste separation and more than a half of them prefer to fine each non-compliance below $500. Moreover, the majority of the respondents suggest that the incentives for them to recycle are not enough or not enough at all, which take up 55% of the total. And 60% of them agree or fully agree to reward people who recycle.
From the site visit, it is obvious that the public abuses the roadside 3-coloured bins especially in the Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. Meanwhile, the misuse of the recycling bins leads to the cleanness problem. The tendered contractors are not doing well in terms of emptying and locking the 3-coloured bins. There are fewer problems arising from the recycling facilities or bins collecting other recyclables as these recycling bins are designed for collecting specific types of recyclables and they are not adjacent to the rubbish bins. Also, the centers for collecting bulky recyclables have management staff to collect the recyclables.
According to the reply from the Environmental Protection Department, there are many monitoring works to ensure the services quality provided by the service contractors. However, it is questionable that it can maintain the performance of the contractors. Since there are increasing complaints on the unsatisfactory performance of the service contractors. As a result, the Government should review the current Programme on Source Separation of Domestic Waste in accordance with recommendations proposed in the scopes of Physical Enhancement to Recycling Facilities/Services, Education and Promotion and Policy Recommendations, including increasing the convenience and availability of the recycling facilities and the range of separation; implementing compulsory environmental education and improving the promotion on waste separation; implementing complementary policy and regulations for waste separation, monitoring the performance of waste separation and providing incentives to encourage recycling.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Kohler, Ulrich F. "Waste stream logistics : a strategic management model for waste-generating companies." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.714443.
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Tokareva, S. "Ways of achieving null waste point in municipal solid waste handling." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11812.
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Boshoff, Evette. "The story of waste - an organic waste recycling park in Pretoria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31614.
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The main focus of the project is to tell the story of waste - to improve awareness and to help people grasp the colossal problem of landfill space running out! Currently, only 5% of the 3 million tons of waste, produced by Tshwane per year, is being recycled at landfill sites and yet 80% of the waste is recyclable! (Dekker, F. 2012) Where will we go with all of our waste when there’s no space left for landfill sites? What would happen if landfill sites start to take over our parks and green open spaces?! We need to start thinking green and recycle in order to prevent this from happening. The idea behind the design is to change the visitors’ perception of waste by allowing the visitors to go through a process of discovery in order to experience and become aware of the problem and value of waste in a fun and exciting way. The project is multifaceted with a variety of activities and spaces that contribute to the story of waste being told - educating the visitors about the endless possibilities of recycled waste and how they can make a difference by recycling and using waste as a resource.Mini Disserration (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Architecture
unrestricted
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Leung, Oi-kwan Winnie. "A preliminary study on the Hong Kong external trade of non-ferrous metal waste (and scrap) and other potentially hazardous waste materials /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1470934X.
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VICENTE, ROBERTO. "Gestao de fontes radioativas seladas descartadas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11038.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:47:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 07974.pdf: 7652856 bytes, checksum: f4eff264fe7ae9ae4d05ffaefb1712a3 (MD5)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Chan, Man Ting. "Optimizing food waste composting process in fed-batch composter." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/217.
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Composting is considered as an effective and sustainable food waste treatment technology from the perspectives of volume reduction, stabilization and releasing the pressure on landfills. Community composter is a decentralized composting facility in fed-batch operational mode which is usually being installed in the backyard of institutes, hospitals, housing estate etc. to handle the food wastes generated daily. Albeit numerous operational issues including high initial acidity and oil content, poor decomposition and odor generation are commonly encountered in these facilities, which make it difficult to be accepted by the public. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to develop a composting mix formulation that can provide a solution to all these issues in a fed-batch food waste composting process. The first phase of this study aims at finding out an optimized formulation in a batch-scale food waste composting process through the use of alkaline amendments and microbial inoculum. For the first two experiments, artificial food wastes were prepared by mixing 1.3kg bread, 1kg boiled rice, 1kg cabbage, 0.5kg fully boiled pork and mixed with sawdust to obtain a C/N of 30 and adjusted moisture of the mixtures to 55%. The effect of different concentrations of zeolite compared to lime was studied in the first experiment. Zeolite was amended with food wastes and sawdust mixtures at 2% (ZI-2), 5% (ZI-5), 10% (ZI-10) to compare with lime in 2.25% (L-2.25) w/w (dry weight basis) and composted for 56 days. Results demonstrated that 10% of zeolite was optimal amendment rate compared to lower dosage of zeolite (2% & 5%) with stronger pH buffering capacity and greater decomposition efficiency. Addition of 2.25% of lime buffered the pH efficiently but increased the ammonia loss significantly which eventually reduced total nitrogen (TN) content of final product and posed odor emission problem. Amendment of 10% zeolite provided a higher adsorption affinity on ammonia resulting in 2.05% of TN value of final product which was higher than 1.72% of lime treatment. Furthermore, significantly higher seed germination 150% was achieved of ZI-10 compost compared to 135% of L-2.25 due to low ammonium content of product. The first experiment showed that application of less than 10% zeolite was not sufficient to buffer the acidity; as a result, organic matter decomposition was inhibited. However, the cost and reduction in treatment percentage of food waste in 10% application rate of zeolite is an issue of concern. To tackle this dilemma, food waste was amended with struvite salts at 1:2 molar ratio of MgO and K2HPO4 (Mg:P) with or without zeolite amended at either 5% or 10% amendment (Mg:P, Z5 + Mg:P & Z10 + Mg:P) and a control treatment with food waste only was also included. Results showed that treatment of Z10 + Mg:P was synergistically achieved of pH and EC buffering, and N conservation but not for the case of 5 % zeolite. Treatment of Z10 + Mg:P further reduced the N loss to 18% compared to 25% and 27% of Mg:P and Z5 + Mg:P respectively. However, there was insignificant difference in the final nitrogen content and decomposition rate among all treatments with struvite salts amendment. Comparing to the treatment of Z-10 of the first experiment to Z10 + Mg:P of the second experiment, Z-10 showed superior performance since better decomposition efficiency, shorter time to require to pass the GI (28 Days) and lower cost because of salts exclusion. To develop a multipurpose formulation for the fed-batch operational food waste composter, high lipids problem in food waste cannot be neglected because it is a critical factor to hinder the decomposition efficiency. Inoculation of oil degradative microorganisms was reported as an effective approach to facilitate the lipids. Therefore, the third experiment was to investigate the overall composting performance supplemented with 10% zeolite and microbial consortium. 10% zeolite with bacterial consortium significantly reduced the lipid contents from 7% to 1% compared to control treatments. Furthermore, treatments amended with 10% zeolite was proved to reduce ammonia emission and total volatile fatty acids level in the composting mass, therefore the total odor emission level can be reduced. Zeolite at 10% was found to be a suitable optimum additive for both synthetic and real-food wastes. Therefore, treatment of 10% zeolite with bacterial consortium is selected as an optimized formulation for further study of its application in a fed-batch composter. Following the food waste zeolite composting formulation obtained in Phase I, the aim of Phase II was to develop an ideal composting mix formulation for on-site commercial composters. Although the results have been demonstrated 10% zeolite with bacterial consortium facilitated the composting efficiency in batch composter, those amendments may be over-estimated if applied in a fed batch composter by using real food wastes. With this constraint, the applicability of these additives in commercial fed-batch composter needs to be assessed using locally generated food wastes. Treatments included food waste and sawdust mixtures at 4:1 mixing ratio (wet weight basis) were mixed with 2.25% of lime (L2.25), 10% of zeolite (Z10) and 10% zeolite with bacterial inoculum (Z10+O) and a control of food waste with sawdust mixture only was also included. 35 kg compost mixture was fed into each composter respectively daily for a period of 42 days. Only Z10+O was the most suitable composting mix for fed-batch food waste composting process with continuous sustained high temperature (55-60oC), optimal moisture (55%-60%), alkaline pH and low EC during the experimental period. Bacterial inoculum significantly improved the lipids decomposition from 22.16% (C) to 3.10% (Z10+O) after the composting period. In contrast, lime and zeolite alone treatments could not maintain the optimal pH that led to reduce degradation and longer stabilization period. Only compost taken from Z10+O treatment could be classified as mature compost. The aim of the third study phase was to examine an optimal application rate of food waste compost produced from decentralized food waste composter for plant. A plant growth experiment was conducted in this phase to evaluate the change in soil properties and plant growth of Brassica chinensis and Lycopersicon esculentum. The experiment was conducted in a loamy soil amended with 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% food waste compost amendment rate compared to the control soil with chemical fertilizer amendment only. Results indicated that 5% was the optimal application rate of food waste compost for both crops among all treatments which can be evidenced by the highest biomass production and nutrients value of the plant tissues. Plant available nutrients such as NH4+, NO3-, PO43- were proportionally increased with increase in compost application rate. However, 2.5% of the food waste compost did not provide sufficient nutrients for plant growth and 10% showed negative effects due to increased salts content. Plants amended with chemical fertilizer had relatively low biomass production compared to compost amended treatments due to soil compaction and fast leaching of nutrients. It can be concluded that application of 10% zeolite with microbial consortium is an ideal composting mix formulation for on-site commercial composters and 5% is an optimal application rate of food waste compost of Brassica chinensis and Lycopersicon esculentum
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文玉蘭 and Yuk-lan Catherine Man. "Cyanide waste management: technologies, economic aspects, and constraints." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253507.
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Leung, Hoi-ting, and 梁凱婷. "Food waste upcycling for a sustainable food waste management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207646.
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Food waste issue is not only concerned in Hong Kong, but for the worldwide in recent years. Landfilling is the major method treating large amount of food waste by the government in Hong Kong, and only small amount of food waste would be upcycled by the government’s pilot composting plant and the private food waste upcycling companies. This management system on food waste is not sustainable which would lead to different social and environmental problems. Several plans are conducted by the government on dealing with food waste; the most frequently heard project is the project of Organic Waste Treatment Facilities (OWTFs), which is aimed to build five to six OWTFs between 2014 and2024. Besides the government’s efforts on food waste issue, food backs, researches and upcycling food waste by the private parties are observed. Therefore, develop a sustainable food waste management in Hong Kong especially on upcycling would be the best choice to reduce food waste as well as to solve the landfill exhausting problem.
The final aims of this study is to confirm the most suitable sustainable food waste management framework for Hong Kong and to develop a set of recommendations on food waste upcycling for stakeholders involved. This is achieved by reviewing related literature and international best practice; developing an universal sustainable food waste management framework; understanding the current situation in Hong Kong and identifying key issues through literature review and first hand data / information collections.
Online survey and interviews are conducted. 174 people completed the online survey and 29 interviews are conducted on upcycling businesses, catering sectors, actual customers of those upcycling products and NGOs. 6 factors are recognized and discussed under the 4 – steps food waste upcycling process framework, which causing the differences in management options and outcomes: 1. Late starting point; 2. Low variety of food wastes management methods; 3. Concerns; 4. Availability of food waste industry and market; 5.Lack of promotions and 6. Lack of education and resources. “Research and Development on Upcycling Food Waste Fund” is suggested for researching and developing new value –added upcycled products, subsidies and incentives are also suggested to maintain the competitiveness of upcycled products and develop an upcycling market in Hong Kong. Internet promotions and interactions are highly recommended on promotion, consultation and education aspects. The recent campaign –Food Wise Hong Kong is a good example for food waste management and it should be kept and further focused on food donation, and finally to promote food waste separation. The proposed food waste management plans and projects are also reviewed, collecting food waste from catering sector would be a better method at the beginning. Quantity-based charging scheme that charge by rubbish bags is suggested, facilities in the current waste station are needed to improve. An amended food waste management framework for current Hong Kong is constructed at last, hoping that can lead to sustainable development.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Bissmont, Mimmi. "Reducing household waste : A social practice perspective on Swedish household waste prevention." Licentiate thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-13752.
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This thesis studies household waste prevention from a social scienceperspective. Swedish waste management is efficient in handling wastebut has not succeeded in reducing its quantities, even though theissue of waste prevention is being raised at both international andnational levels.The aim of this thesis is to study and analyse the practice ofhousehold waste prevention. I seek to understand and explainhow it may be possible for households in their everyday to reducethat waste. With understanding comes an aspiration to mitigatewhatever impedes households from reducing their waste. A secondaim is therefore to apply these new understandings and make policysuggestions as to how household waste prevention can be promotedand supported. My research questions are:• How is everyday household waste prevention as a practicenarrated and discussed? And how can this practice andthe activities in it be understood in connection with socialstructures?• What obstacles and opportunities do households experience inconnection with the practice of everyday waste prevention?• What policy suggestions can be drawn from these findings? Household waste prevention has in earlier research often beenstudied from a waste management perspective, juxtaposing it withrecycling. These studies has identified a need to approach the areafrom a consumption perspective. Sustainable consumption has,however, in general failed to incorporate disposal as a practicesin itself, in that disposal involves competence in knowing what todo with certain things, as well as relation between things and theirmeanings. This runs the risk of leaving waste and waste preventionas part of consumption scarcely researched. It is in this identified gapthat I place my study.In order to address my questions, two studies were carried out.The first is presented in Article I, ‘Household practices of disposal –Swedish households’ narratives for moving things along’. The datawas gathered using in-depth interviews with Swedish households not explicitly devoted to waste prevention. The study focused oneveryday disposal activities. The second study, presented in Article II,is called ‘The practice of household waste minimisation’. This studycollected data from Swedish bloggers engaging in waste-minimisationpractices, sometimes called ‘zero-waste bloggers’, focusing on howthese forerunners describe practising waste minimisation in theireveryday.In both studies I used sociological theories of how humans asactors relate to the social structures and how humans act in theireveryday. The theories applied were derived from the extensive workof Anthony Giddens on structuration and late-modernity. As I placehousehold activities at the centre of my study, I have also appliedtheory of practice. My analysis starts off with the claim that waste is an unintendedconsequence of keeping up shared practices: in other words, thathousehold waste production is neither deliberate nor completelyvoluntary. For waste prevention practices to happen, the prevailingidea that recycling alone is good enough needs to be challenged.There need to be other opportunities to act, such as buying secondhandclothes, unpackaged groceries, repairable electronics etc. Theseopportunities need to be normalised, meaning that they need tobe socially spread and accepted. They also need to be reasonablyconvenient, as in not demanding too much time and effort. The studyof the minimising forerunners reveals that these households have tostruggle in their everyday to minimise their waste. This implies thathousehold waste prevention is not supported by the social structuresin Sweden and, therefore, will not increase by itself.I move on to suggest a new model for the understanding ofsustainable consumption. This model takes the perspective of practicetheory and presents four stages of consumption: need, obtain, use anddispose. All four stages should be recognised as possible situationsfor interventions. There is also a need for a holistic perspective onconsumption, where none of the stages is studied in isolation fromthe rest.I conclude the thesis by pinpointing the identified major obstaclesto household waste prevention, and by suggesting necessary changesin order for household waste prevention to become a shared practice.
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Nazarenko, Inna A. "Waste Less District: An Exploration of Architecture's Role in the Waste Stream." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91450.
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The idiom goes, "what is one man's trash is another man's treasure." In our 21st century economy, one man's trash is less commonly another's treasure as often as it is pollution. It is well documented that the majority of human waste ends up in on the side of roads, or in forests and oceans if not in landfills or incinerated. The disposability of items in our consumer culture is now commonplace. We are exacerbating our problems by throwing away single-use and barely-used items again and again without a feasible, realistic, and responsible solution for the end their life cycle. While our habitual buying and scrapping is continually increasing, the industrial buildings that process our waste are pushed to the outskirts of urban centers where they are most needed due to aesthetics, noises, and odors. These suburban and rural locations put an enormous economic and resource strain on cities. Architecture has the opportunity and responsibility to play an important role in remedying these issues related to waste facilities and processes.
Architecture as an art form has largely abandoned these and similar industrial typologies as building design problems. They are mostly undertaken by engineers who design them for economic and process efficiencies. But there are unique challenges to be overcome with creative solutions, what architects do best. As a part of this process, architects can better design facilities so that they can be located within city limits and fight the "not in my backyard" stigmas associated with waste management. Ultimately architects can strive to improve civic life for citizens while also improving the means and methods of city-maintenance issues related to waste.
At this intersection of waste and architecture, this thesis explores how a facility that settles into the dense urban fabric of Washington D.C. can play a role in the city's waste steam in order to benefit the local community and economy.Master of Architecture
The idiom goes, “what is one man’s trash is another man’s treasure.” In our 21st century economy, one man’s trash is less commonly another’s treasure as often as it is pollution. It is well documented that the majority of human waste ends up in on the side of roads, or in forests and oceans if not in landfills or incinerated. The disposability of items in our consumer culture is now commonplace. We are exacerbating our problems by throwing away single-use and barely-used items again and again without a feasible, realistic, and responsible solution for the end their life cycle. While our habitual buying and scrapping is continually increasing, the industrial buildings that process our waste are pushed to the outskirts of urban centers where they are most needed due to aesthetics, noises, and odors. These suburban and rural locations put an enormous economic and resource strain on cities. Architecture has the opportunity and responsibility to play an important role in remedying these issues related to waste facilities and processes. Architects rarely design waste-management buildings and other industrial-use buildings. Usually it is engineers who undertake these buildings. They tend to design them in ways that put cost and process efficiency above everything else. One of the main skill-set architects have is problem-solving through design. Waste-management buildings face a lot of challenges beyond cost and process efficiency so it would make sense for architects to be a part of this process. Architects can better design these facilities so that they can be located within city limits and fight the “not in my backyard” stigmas associated with waste management. Ultimately architects would strive to improve civic life for citizens while also improving the means and methods of city-maintenance issues related to waste. At this intersection of waste and architecture, this thesis explores how a facility that settles into the dense urban enivironment of Washington D.C. can play a role in the city’s waste steam in order to benefit the local community and economy.
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Cole, Christine. "Developing sustainable household waste management : a Local Authority approach to zero waste." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17625.
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This project was a case study with a Local Authority (Charnwood Borough Council, Leicestershire) to research the options in response to the challenges of managing household waste. This research focused on establishing and analysing methods of improving the sustainability of household waste management operation within a Waste Collection Authority, where the interaction with a variety of external and internal stakeholders meant a holistic approach was needed. Waste management practices and performances in Charnwood were evaluated and benchmarked against national standards and the demography of a semi-rural Borough. Waste management practices nationally were also reviewed. The performance of the LA was quantitatively compared with other UK LAs where higher recycling performances are achieved. Differences were separate food waste collection and treatment; a larger proportion of urban housing and the university with a transient population. Other differences included strategy and operational practices for garden waste, the storage, collection, transportation and treatment of waste. A time series statistical model was modified and applied to investigate long term waste generation trends from the Boroughs official waste data returns to Defra. These were used to assess the success of interventions undertaken. This statistical model was able to differentiate interventions that were able to achieve lasting improvements in either waste minimisation or recycling. The declaration of a Zero Waste Strategy was to capture the public imagination. A series of focus groups and public consultations were held to judge public reaction and develop and refine the strategy. These were used to adapt the Zero Waste idea to suit the local conditions. A major conclusion was that householder involvement would be crucial for successful implementation of the further separation of waste that would be required.
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Andersson, Daniel. "Waste Management in the Mekong Delta : Characterisation and evaluation of organic waste." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66928.
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This degree project investigated landfills that takes care of municipal solid waste in an area around the Mekong delta, namely An Giang province, Vietnam. The main objective for this study was to provide basic work in order to create a discussion with the local food markets to separate the household’s food waste from the rest. Such a discussion is possible to create through collaboration with local authorities and inform or guide stakeholders on how waste management can be improved, out of existing knowledge from Sweden. Therefore, this study aims to illuminate and give knowledge for improvements in questions regarding efficiency, organisation, participation, recycling and opportunities associated with a more efficient waste management system.Since a significant percentage of the household waste generated in Long Xuyen City, An Giang province are organic, the opportunity to convert organic waste into soil amendments was examined. Leachate from one of the landfills in the area was also analysed in order to get further understanding for its composition, focusing on organic parameters.Det här examensarbetet undersökte deponier som tar hand om hushållsavfall i ett område runt Mekongdeltat, närmare bestämt An Giang provinsen, Vietnam. Det främsta målet för den här studien var ett ge underlag till att skapa en diskussion med lokala matmarknader för att få dem att separera hushållens matavfall från övrigt avfall. En sådan diskussion är möjlig att skapa genom samarbete mellan lokala myndigheter och att informera eller vägvisa intressenter om hur avfallshanteringen kan förbättras, ut ifrån befintlig kunskap från Sverige. Därför fokuserar den här studien på att förklara och ge kunskap för förbättringar i frågor rörande effektivitet, organisation, deltagande, återvinning och möjligheter associerade med ett mer effektivt avfallshanteringssystem. Eftersom en stor andel av hushållsavfallet som genereras i Long Xuyen, An Giang-provinsen är organiskt, undersöktes möjligheten att konvertera organiskt avfall till jordförbättringsmedel. Lakvatten analyserades från en av deponierna i området för att få en djupare förståelse för dess sammansättning, med fokus på organiska parametrar.
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Spalvins, Erik E. K. "Leaching of lead from electronics waste using simulated municipal solid waste landfills." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013722.
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Rojas, Tena Fernando, and Reber Kadir. "Waste Heat Recovery Modellering." Thesis, KTH, Förbränningsmotorteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-39923.
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SammanfattningI ett tidigare projekt, utfört under våren 2010, modellerades och simulerades en ånggenerator i GT-SUITE för att analysera och jämföra dess resultat med de faktiska motormätningarna. Projektet utfördes på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Stockholm, på uppdrag av företaget som introducerat idén, Ranotor. Konceptet gick ut på att ersätta EGR-kylaren i en lastbilsmotor och med hjälp av Rankine cykeln försöka öka motorns verkningsgrad. Ånggeneratorn består av 48 mikro tuber, som alla innehåller vatten med högt tryck, vattnet värms upp av de varma avgaserna som letts in i ånggeneratorn. Detta gör att vattnet förångas och leds sedan för att driva en expander för att avlasta motorn.Huvudfokus i detta examensarbete har varit att modellera, studera och analysera ånggeneratorns prestanda i simuleringsprogrammet GT-SUITE. För att kunna göra detta måste ånggeneratorn, även kallad HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator), modelleras från grunden med specifikationer från tillverkaren. En elementarmodell byggdes inledningsvis upp för att belysa beteendet av flödet inuti mikro tuberna och vilka parametrar som påverkar resultatet av simuleringarna. Senare gjordes även en komplett identisk modell av den verkliga ånggeneratorn. Modellen användes i ESC-cykeln och även för transienta körningar, där all indata är samlad från motormätningar på den verkliga ånggenerator, monterad på en DS1301, 6-cylinder 12 liter Scania diesel motor. För att kunna förbättra simuleringen av den kompletta modellen, gjordes en nedskalad modell som bara innehöll två tuber. Denna modell har samma dimensioner och egenskaper med den kompletta modellen, men fördelen med denna tvåtubs modell är den förkortade simuleringstiden.Inlopps parametrar såsom, vattenflöde, ångtryck, avgasflöde och avgastemperaturen togs från verkliga motormätningar. Samtliga parametrar varierar med tiden; detta gör det möjligt att göra en direkt jämförelse mellan den verkliga ånggeneratorn och den modellerade. Ångans och avgasernas temperatur samt tryckfallet över ångpannan är huvudparametrar som har jämförts med de verkliga mätningarna. Testkörningen är baserad på ESC-cykeln, European Stationary Cycle, som innehåller tolv lastpunkter och en tomgångspunkt. Jämförelser mellan den kompletta modellen och de faktiska provkörningarna visade följande: i det bästa fallet avviker ångans temperatur ~5% motsvarande 10°C. För det sämsta fallet är temperatur skillnaden ~20%, ca 40°C, övriga lastpunkter visar en felmarginal mellan 5-10% motsvarande 10-35°C. Tryckfallet över ångpannan visar en större felmarginal, vilket beror på mätningar under testkörningar där vissa filter var igen satta, därav uppmättes tryckfallet i vissa fall upp till 20 bar. I bästa fallet skiljer det ~1 % mellan simulering och verklighet, vilket är nästan identiskt, medan det i det sämsta falletskiljer uppemot 70 % som motsvarar 10 bar, övriga lastpunkter ligger i intervallet 10-15 % felmarginal, motsvarande 1-4 bar.Två tubs modellen beter sig som den kompletta modellen; avvikelsen mellan dessa modeller är 1-5% ~5-15°C i de flesta fallen, där skillnaden för det mesta liknar mätningarna. Värmeöverföringen, Reynolds tal, ångans effekt studeras i tvåtubs modellen. Analys av modellen visar att ~40-55 % av värmeöverföringen sker i fasomvandlingen, vilket var förvånande mycket och Reynolds tal ökar med ~450 % i denna region, från 1500 till ~6500, vilket tyder på en flödesövergångs fas. Ångans effekt varierar mellan 5-23 kW beroende på lastpunkt.Den slutliga modellen ger tillfredställande resultat och anses vara tillräckligt bra för vidare analys.AbstractIn a previous project, made in the spring of 2010, a steam generator was modelled and simulated in GT-SUITE, in order to analyze and compare with engine measurements. This was made at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, on behalf of the company that introduced this idea, Ranotor. The concept was to replace the EGR-cooler in a heavy duty engine and with help of the Rankine cycle, try to improve its efficiency. The steam generator consists of 48 micro tubes, all containing high pressured water, which in turn is heated by the warm exhausts that are led into the steam generator. This causes the water in the tubes to evaporate which propels an expander that will unload the engine.The main focus of this thesis is to model, study and analyze the performance of the steam generator built in the simulation program GT-SUITE. The steam generator, called Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), is modelled from scratch with the specifications of the manufacturer. An elementary model was initially made to highlight the behaviour of the flow inside the micro tubes and what parameters affect the outcome of the simulations. Finally a complete identical model was made of the actual steam generator. The model was used in an ESC-cycle and also for a transient cycle, where all the input data is gathered on engine measurements of the actual HRSG, mounted on a DS1301, 6-cylinder 12 litre Scania diesel engine. In order to improve the simulation of the complete model a downsized model, only containing two tubes, was made. This model has the same dimensions and properties as the complete model but the advantage of this double-tube model is the shortened simulation time.The inlet parameters to the model such as water mass flow, steam pressure, exhaust mass flow and exhaust temperature were taken from actual engine measurements. All the parameters vary due to time; this makes a comparison possible between the real steam generator and the modelled one. Steam temperature, exhaust temperature and pressure drop along the HRSG are the main parameters from the simulations that are compared to the actual measurements. The engine measurements are made based on the ESC-cycle, European Stationary Cycle, which contains twelve load points and one idle point. During comparison between the complete model and the engine measurements following is observed, in the best case the steam temperature differs ~ 5 %, equalling 10°C. In the worst case the temperature difference is ~20 %, which is approximately 40°C, the rest of the load points shows a margin of error between 5-10 % equalling 10-35 °C. Pressure drop along the HRSG is less accurate;this is due to an error during the measurement where some filters where clogged. Disparity in pressure drop is ~1% in best case, which is almost identical and ~70% in worst case, corresponding to approximately 10 bar, where rest of the load points shows a margin of error between 10-15% equalling 1-4 bar.The double-tube model behaves like the complete model; the difference between the models is 1-5 % in most cases ~5-15°C, where the difference is mostly closer to the measurements. Heat transfer, Reynolds number and steam power are taken and studied from the double tube model. Analyses of the models reviles that ~40-55 % of the heat transfer is in the transition phase, which is surprisingly much and Reynolds number increases by ~450% in the same region, from 1500 to ~6500 which indicates a flow transition phase. Steam power varies between 5-23 kW depending on load point.The final model shows satisfying result and therefore assumed to be good enough for further analyse.