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1
Bhuiyan, Md Arifur Rahman, Tazeen Fatima Khan, Shahjahan Choudhury, and SM Imamul Huq. "Cadmium and lead tolerant bacteria isolated from industrial waste water." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 26, no. 1 (January 20, 2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v26i1.46347.
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An in vitro study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize heavy metal resistant bacteria from industrial waste water and to determine their tolerance capacity to cadmium and lead. Different morphological, physiological and biochemical tests were carried out to identify the bacterial isolates in the waste water. A total of eight bacterial isolates viz., Staphyllococcus intermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas flavescens and Acinetobacter lwofii were identified from metal polluted tannery and steel industrial areas. Bacterial response to cadmium tolerance was determined by treating them with CdCl2 solution at a rate of 1, 2, 2.5 and 5 μg/ml. In case of lead tolerant bacteria, PbCl2 solution was applied at a rate of 0.05, 0.125, 0.2 and 0.5 μg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from waste water of steel industries and Bacillus cereus from tannery area was found to be the most tolerant species to the different doses of cadmium and lead. The study indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus could be good candidates for the treatment and elimination of heavy metals from industrial waste water. The present study may be helpful to the bioremediation of heavy metals in the contaminated environment.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(1): 29-38, 2017 (January)
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Singh, J. K., R. Ranjan, and Pranay Pankaj. "Isolation and Screening of Water Microbes for Decolourisation of Textile Dye Waste." Current World Environment 11, no. 1 (April 25, 2016): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.1.36.
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Azo dyes are widely used in textile industry. Unused dyes, consisting mainly non biodegradable released along with waste water streams without any proper pre-treatment which cause nuisance for environment and accumulate in flora as well as fauna. These also exhibit allergic, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties for human beings. Isolation and screening of azo dye degrading bacteria are economic in biodegradation and detoxification. In the present study, 200 waste water samples were collected from dye-contaminated sites of textile industries and bacterial species such as Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Psuedomonas putida were isolated and identified. Evaluation of decolorizing properties of these bacteriae were done by UV-Vis spectroscopy (Amax 596 nm) in different concentrations using different carbon sources such as Hans’s medium and GYP medium. Maximum decolourisation of 0.1% azo dyes were recorded to be 89.0%, 91% and 86% in Hans medium containing charcoal source by Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Psuedomonas putida respectively at 24 hrs. These bacterial isolates may be utilized in large scale for pre-treatment for ecological balance by avoiding water pollution.
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Nirmala, A. "On the Phytotoxicity of Waste-Water from Textile Industry on Selected Crop Seed Germination and its Treatment Using Bacteria with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 14, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 1564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/14.4.30.
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Industrialization plays a major role for the economic development of any nation. In spite of various positive aspects of industrialization, the foremost negative aspect is pollution by discharge of more waste water in to the environment. So, the aim of the present work is to analyse the phytotoxic effect of textile industry waste water on seed germination and treating the waste water using Bacterial Species and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle. Physico-chemical parameters of dying industry waste water such as color, temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, COD, BOD, oil and greases, chloride, sodium, potassium, chromium, copper, total alkalinity and zinc were analysed as per standard methods. To confirm the harmfulness, an investigation was made to study the degree of toxicity of dyeing industry effluent on seed germination and growth of Sorghum bicolor (white sorghum) Vigna unguiculata (cow pea) were selected for this study and it was placed in soil containing pots and watering with untreated industry waste water and treated waste water. The waste water was treated by two methods, one by bacterial degradation, using Pseudomonas fluroscence and the secondly, by chemical oxidation, using zinc oxide nanoparticles. After treatment their efficiency was tested with above two plants. All the above said parameter were found to be high in untreated waste water. There was a gradual decrease in the percentage of seed germination and seedling growth due to higher concentration of effluent, when compared with control. In this comparative study, methyl orange degradation by the chemical oxidation using zinc oxide nanoparticle was more effective and faster than the biological oxidation of bacterial species.
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Pedersen, Anne R., and Erik Arvin. "The function of a toluene-degrading bacterial community in a waste gas trickling filter." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 7 (April 1, 1999): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0345.
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The function of a community of toluene-degrading bacteria in a biofilm system was investigated with regard to growth and toluene degradation in order to investigate substrate interactions in the community. This was done by the combination of experimental observations using a specific oligonucleotide 16S ribosomal RNA probe targeting the toluene-degrading species Pseudomonas putida, and by computer simulations (AQUASIM) of the biofilm growth based on a food web model. Biofilms were taken from a lab-scale trickling filter for treatment of toluene-polluted air. The biofilm growth and the activity of P. putida, a representative of the toluene-degrading species in the biofilm which have been described previously were simulated. The simulation indicated that the volume fraction of the toluene degraders in the biofilm decreased from 12% to only 2% (11% of dry weight) during two weeks. In spite of the low fraction in the biofilm, the toluene degraders supported growth of the dominating part of non-toluene-degrading heterotrophs in the biofilm, as toluene was the sole carbon source supplied to the system. The maximum intrinsic growth rate of P. putida in the biofilm was only 20% of the maximum growth rate determined in a batch experiment with suspended P. putida cells.
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Rehmert, N., T. Böcker, H. Raidt, K. Langer, and H. Graefe. "A New Central Supply System as Alternative Source for Bicarbonate Dialysate." International Journal of Artificial Organs 15, no. 6 (June 1992): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889201500604.
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Bicarbonate dialysis is mandatory for high efficiency treatment. In most cases bicarbonate is delivered either as prepacked powder or as a stable liquid concentrate in 6-10 I plastic containers. With a newly designed central supply system (CSS) using 800 I tanks of custom-made sterile and pyrogen free concentrates, we investigated the risk of bacterial contamination of dialysate in a 30-bed dialysis unit. During three months, samples of reverse osmosis (RO) water, concentrates and dialysate were taken every two weeks. Colony forming units (CFU) were counted after 48 h incubation. Further samples were taken during nine months of continuous use of the CSS without further intermittent disinfection. None of the samples had > 10/ml CFU. Pseudomonas, corynebacteriae and enterobacter were the predominant species. In summary, this CSS proved reliable in providing bacteriologically safe bicarbonate dialysate as defined by international standards (CFU < 200/ml). It significantly reduces costs, workload and environmental pollution by plastic waste.
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Gomez-Alvarez, Vicente, Ben W. Humrighouse, Randy P. Revetta, and Jorge W. Santo Domingo. "Bacterial composition in a metropolitan drinking water distribution system utilizing different source waters." Journal of Water and Health 13, no. 1 (August 18, 2014): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.057.
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We investigated the bacterial composition of water samples from two service areas within a drinking water distribution system (DWDS), each associated with a different primary source of water (groundwater, GW; surface water, SW) and different treatment process. Community analysis based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries indicated that Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium spp.) and α-Proteobacteria represented nearly 43 and 38% of the total sequences, respectively. Sequences closely related to Legionella, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio spp. were also identified. In spite of the high number of sequences (71%) shared in both areas, multivariable analysis revealed significant differences between the GW and SW areas. While the dominant phylotypes where not significantly contributing in the ordination of samples, the populations associated with the core of phylotypes (1–10% in each sample) significantly contributed to the differences between both service areas. Diversity indices indicate that the microbial community inhabiting the SW area is more diverse and contains more distantly related species coexisting with local assemblages as compared with the GW area. The bacterial community structure of SW and GW service areas were dissimilar, suggesting that their respective source water and/or water quality parameters shaped by the treatment processes may contribute to the differences in community structure observed.
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Verma, Rinku, and K. Haseena. "Antibiotic Producing Fungi in Sewage: Inhibitory Effect on 4 Bacterial Test Strains, and Different Fungal Types." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v12i1.20618.
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Fungi were isolated from raw sewage and sewage that had trickled down soil columns from a waste water treatment plant in Karlsruhe, Germany, using the laboratory techniques.Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb, Penicillium funiculosum, and Trichoderma harzianum Rafai were named as isolates from raw sewage. P. notatum Westling, P. meleagrinum Biourge, Aspergillus flavus, Link ex Gray, A. repens, A. fumigatus Fresenius, and A. fischeri Wehmer were among the fungi found in the effluent of the soil columns that were isolated under absolutely anaerobic conditions. Fusarium poae (Peck) Wollenw. and Penicillium chrysogenum Thom. were isolated when samples were cultured in anaerobic jars with nitrate. The coloration, smell, and other fungal traits, such as conidial and conidiophore size, etc., were used to identify the organism. The fungi's antibiotic properties against bacteria were investigated. A little amount of the fungal mycelium was plate-plated on new Nutrient agar and Sabouraud agar after isolation. After two days of incubation, bacteria were cross-streaked toward the fungal colonies on the plates. On the plates, six strains of E. coli, Gram-negative Pseudomonas species, and aerobic Gram-positive Enterococci species were streaked in the direction of the fungi. After that, the plates were incubated in an aerobic environment. Similar to this, five anaerobic Gram-positive Bifidobacterium species strains that were isolated from sewage were cross streaked on fungal plates and then further cultured under anaerobic conditions. When compared to A. flavus and A. fumigatus, P. chrysogenum and A. repens were more effective at inhibiting Enterococci. Only P. chrysogenum, A. fumigatus, and A. repens inhibited Pseudomonas sp. A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum var meleagrinum only little inhibited E. coli, but P. chrysogenum and A. flavus very successfully did so.Pre-growing P. chrysogenum, P. notatum, and P. meleagrinum on plates for two days in an aerobic environment was followed by cross-stripping with test strains of Bifidobacterium and incubation under strictly anaerobic conditions. Both P. chrysogenum and P. notatum had the greatest inhibitory effects on bifidobacterium.
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Thandar, Mya, Hla Hla Win, Khin May Oo, Moh Moh Kyi, and Myat Su Khine. "Antimicrobial resistance in wastewater of Yangon Region, Myanmar from one health perspective." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 5714. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214557.
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Background: Antibiotic resistance is an emerging concern both for public and animal health globally and also threatens the achievements of modern medicine. This study aimed to generate the baseline data of drug resistance pathogens in diversity of waste water of Yangon Region, Myanmar.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to July 2021. A total of forty samples of wastewater (two samples each from ten hospitals, one sample each from five poultry farms, five aquacultures and ten community drains) were aseptically collected, transported in ice box and processed following standard procedure for bacterial isolation and detection of antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolated colonies were done by VITEK 2 compact system.Results: A total of 106 bacterial isolates were identified and 50% were from hospitals, 31.1%were from community drains and 9.4% each from poultry farms and aquacultures. The most frequently identified isolates were Enterobacteriaceae (65.1%) followed by Acinetobacter species (11.3%) and Pseudomonas species (8.5%). Among the isolated organisms, ESBL producers and Carbapenemase producer were 7.5% and 0.9% respectively. ESBL producers (62.5%) were resistant to cefuroxime, cefuroxime-axetil, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and minocycline. Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae was multidrug resistant but sensitive to amikacin, tigecycline and cefaclor.Conclusions: The proportion of antibiotic resistant bacteria are higher in hospital wastewater than other sites. Hence proper treatment plant for hospital wastewater should be installed and need to mitigate antibiotic resistance with a ‘one-health’ approach.
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Zairinayati, Zairinayati Rina, and Heri Shatriadi. "Biodegradasi Fosfat pada Limbah Laundry menggunakan Bakteri Consorsium Pelarut Fosfat." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA 18, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkli.18.1.57-61.
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Latar Belakang: Limbah laundry yang dihasilkan oleh deterjen mengandung bahan aktif yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan mahluk hidup dan lingkungan. Penelitin bertujuan untuk mengurangi kandungan fosfat pada limbah laundry dengan metode biodegradasi dengan menggunakan bakteri yang tergolong dalam consorsium bakteri spesies Bacillu. sp dan Pseudomonas. sp. Sebelum perlakuan bakteri dilakukan equalisasi dengan pupuk NPK dan air gula selama 1 hari setelah itu bakteri siap digunakan sebagai bahan degradasi fosfat dengan 3 perlakuan. Metode penelitian: ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen. Sampel air limbah laundry diambil dari 3 tempat usaha jasa laundry yang berada dikawasan Silaberanti Palembang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah univariat dengan menyajikan data dalam bentuk tabulasi dan analssis bivariat menggunakan uji Anova untuk melihat perbedaan dari setiap perlakuan.Hasil: menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan jumlah kadar fosfat sebelum dilakukan proses biodegradasi yakni 9,8 m/L sebelum dilakukan penambahan baketeri menjadi Rata-rata kadar fosfat pada penambahan bakteri 50 ml adalah 27,13 dengan standar deviasi 2,73. Pada dosis penambahan bakteri 100 ml rata-rata kadar fosfat adalah 23,87 dengan standar deviasi 2,08 dan pada dosis penambahan bakteri 150 ml rata-rata kadar fosfat 22,62 dengan standar deviasi 4,41, dan hasil uji statistic didapat nilai p = 0,306 berarti pada alpha 5%.Simpulan: bahwa tidak ada perbedaan penambahan bakteri dengan berbagai dosis dengan kadar fosfat pada air limbah laundry. ABSTRACT Title: Phosphate Biodegradation in Laundry Waste Using Consorsium Bacteria PhosphateBackground: Laundry waste produced by detergent contains active ingredients that are harmful to the health of living things and environment. Research aims to reduce phosphate content in laundry waste by biodegradation method by using bacteria belonging to the bacterial consortium of Bacillu species. sp and Pseudomonas. sp. Before the treatment of the bacteria was equalized by adding NPK fertilizer and sugar liquid for 1 day and the bacteria were ready to be used as phosphate degradation material with 3 treatments.Methods: of this research is experimental research. Laundry waste water samples were taken from 3 laundry service located in the Silaberanti area of Palembang. Data analysis used univariate by presenting data in the form of tabulations and bivariate analssis using the ANOVA test to see differences in each treatment.Results: showed an increase in number of phosphate levels before the biodegradation process of 9.8 m / L before adding the bakeries to the average phosphate level in the addition of 50 ml bacteria was 27.13 with a standard deviation of 2.73. At the dose of adding 100 ml of bacteria the average phosphate level was 23.87 with a standard deviation of 2.08 and at the dose of addition of 150 ml bacteria the average phosphate level was 22.62 with a standard deviation of 4.41, and the results of statistical tests obtained p values = 0.306 means at alpha 5%Conclusion: : is that there is no difference in the addition of bacteria with various doses with phosphate levels in laundry wastewater.
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Jongman, Mosimanegape, and Lise Korsten. "Microbial quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater in rural villages for crop irrigation and domestic use." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 6 (July 11, 2016): 961–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.058.
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The study aimed at assessing the microbiological quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) for crop irrigation and domestic use. In total, 80 rainwater tanks (246 samples) across three rural villages (Ga-Molepane, Jericho and Luthngele) were visited. Culture-based techniques were used to isolate bacterial microbes and identities were confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF-MS). Uncultured fungal populations were also identified using pyrosequencing. Salmonella spp. (3%), Listeria monocytogenes (22%), total coliforms (57.7%), Escherichia coli (30.5%), Enterococcus spp. (48.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (21.5%) were detected in RHRW samples after rainfall. Fungal sequences belonging to species known to cause fever, coughing and shortness of breath in humans (Cryptococcus spp.) were identified. This study indicates that RHRW quality can be affected by external factors such as faecal material and debris on rooftops. The use of untreated RHRW could pose a potential health risk if used for irrigation of crops or domestic use, especially in the case of a relative high population of immunocompromised individuals. This study does not dispute the fact that RHRW is an alternative irrigation water source but it recommends treatment before use for domestic purposes or for watering crops.
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Girish, K. "Effect of Carbon Sources on the Biomass Build-Up and Degradation of Rubber Processing Industry Effluent." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 4 (December 25, 2014): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11532.
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Rubber processing industry effluent represents a serious environmental pollution problem especially for underground and surface water. Wastewater collected from rubber processing industry was characterized for their pollution characteristics. Analysis showed that the biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS), ammonia and phosphate were high when compared to effluent discharge standard for industrial wastewater. Four bacterial species were isolated from the wastes and were identified as Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. A bacterial consortium was constituted by mixing proportionately these four bacteria and used in effluent aerobic biotreatment. Complex carbon sources such as bagasse, corn-cob, rice straw, wheat bran, molasses, corn steep liquor, were screened for their effect on growth of the consortium constituted. Highest biomass production was in molasses followed by rice straw hydrolysate, wheat bran hydrolysate and bagasse hydrolysate. However, the inoculum grown on rice straw and wheat bran hydrolysate caused maximum degradation in terms of reduction in various parameters such as BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, NH4+ and PO43, about 70 to 80% reduction was observed. From the results of the present study it could be inferred that the constituted consortium could effectively be used for the treatment of effluents from rubber processing industry and rice straw and wheat bran hydrolysate could be used for mass production of effective consortium. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11532Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 579-584
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Le, Thi Nhi Cong, Thi Ngoc Mai Cung, Ngoc Huy Vu, Thi Lien Do, Thi To Uyen Do, Thi Minh Nguyen, and Phuong Ha Hoang. "Enhancement diesel oil degradation by using biofilm forming bacteria on biochar." Journal of Vietnamese Environment 9, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol9.no1.pp26-31.
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Biochar is defined as a carbon-rich, fine-grained, porous substance, which is produced by pyrolysis biomass with little or no oxygen. Biochar is usually produced from crop residues, wood biomass, animal litters, and solid wastes. Recently, biochar is increasingly receiving attention as an environmental-friendly approach, especially as a climate change mitigation strategy. Biochar is especilly demonstrated to remove diesel oil (DO) from soil and water. In this report, 4 biofilm forming bacteria including Klepsiellasp. VTD8, Pseudomonas sp. BQN21, Rhodococcussp. BN5 and Stenotropomonassp. QND8 were used to attach to biochar produced from husk to estimate the capacity of their DO removal. As the results, removal efficiency of biofilm formed by each strain VTD8, BQN21, BN5 and QND8 were 67, 73, 75 and 68 % with initial concentration of 39 g/l, respectively. On the other hand, mix species biofilm attached to husk carrier and without carrier degraded 98 and 78 %. Using husk without bacteria as absortion control, the amount of DO removal was 23 %. These results gave hint that using biochar produced from husk as carrier for biofilm forming bacteria to attach may increase efficiency of DO pollution treatment.
Than sinh học (biochar) là một chất xốp có các gốc carbon và có nguồn gốc từ quá trình nhiệt phân sinh khối các loại chất thải, động, thực vật,… dưới điều kiện hạn chế oxy hoặc không có oxy.Hiện nay biochar đã được ứng dụng rộng rãi trong xử lý môi trường. Đặc biệt các biochar còn được chứng minh là có thể xử lý dầu diesel (diesel oil - DO) có trong đất và nước. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi sử dụng 4 chủng vi khuẩn tạo màng sinh học tốt là Klepsiella sp. VTD8, Pseudomonas sp. BQN21, Rhodococcus sp. BN5 và Stenotropomonas sp. QND8 để gắn lên chất mang là biochar làm từ trấu nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả xử lý DO của chúng. Kết quả cho thấy, sau 7 ngày, các chủng VTD8, BQN21, BN5 và QND8 có khả năng phân hủy 67, 73, 75 và 68 % DO với hàm lượng ban đầu là 39 g/l. Trong khi đó, hiệu suất của màng sinh học tạo thành bởi hỗn hợp các chủng này khi không có chất mang biochar trấu và khi có chất mang biochar trấu lần lượt là 78 và 98 %. Còn sử dụng chất mang biochar trấu không có vi sinh vật làm đối chứng thì thu được hiệu suất hấp phụ DO là 23 %. Như vậy, kết quả này mở ra tiềm năng ứng dụng biochar trấu làm chất mang cho các chủng vi khuẩn tạo màng sinh học để nâng cao hiệu quả xử lý ô nhiễm dầu.
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Syafrizal, Syafrizal. "OPTIMIZATION OF PHENOLIC WASTES TREATMENT IN ARTIFICIAL PRODUCED WATER BY PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 39, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.39.1.533.
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The purpose of this research is to obtain the optimum condition of phenol biodegradation in arti cially produced water using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The screening of medium in the highest phenol degradation at 99.85% in medium M5, followed by M1, M4, M3, and M2, at 99.83%, 28.47%, 27.64%, and 0.09%, respectively, during the 24 hours incubation time. Medium M5 and M1 are relatively expensive if applied in the eld, thus optimization of incubation time, temperature, pH, and the adding of oil is needed in the treatment parameters affecting the phenol biodegradation process using an easy and cheap medium, M4. This research resulted in phenol biodegradation percentage at optimum condition for 2 days incubation, pH 7, and temperature 30°C, was 99.98%.The adding of oil at optimum condition: 100 mg/L could degrade phenol waste to 28.01%.
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Saha, Pradip, MR Khan, TK Deb, SY Sony, and AC Baishnab. "Treatment of Textile Dyes by Bio-chemical Process in Stirred Tank Sequencing Batch Bioreactor (STSBBR)." Journal of Chemical Engineering 27, no. 2 (January 29, 2014): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17808.
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A bacterial isolate Pseudomonas sp. was isolated from the solid waste slump collected from a local duping site of Sylhet district and was efficiently utilized for the removal of dye (Orange 3R) from simulated synthetic waste water in a lab scale Stirred Tank Sequencing Batch Bioreactor (STSBBR) in batch mode. A reactor with 2 L capacity (working volume 0.5 L) equipped with suitable control means and stirring mechanism was operated at room temperature and pH 6.6 ± 1 in fill-react-settling-draw mode with different initial dye concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 & 300 ppm) where the hydraulic retention time was maintained for 12-72 hours depending on the adaptation of waste water by the bacterial strain. The efficiency of the reactor was analyzed with respect to three strands and found to be negative correlation with the concentration of the dye. Overall color, COD, and BOD in the Stirred tank bioreactor system (STSBBR) were removed by 49.67, 37.45 and 33.89%, respectively with 50 ppm dye concentration and HRT of 24 h. The efficiency of the reactor was found to be in negative correlation with the concentration of the dye. This STSBBR system was found very effective for efficient biological treatment of such dyeing industry waste water by the bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17808 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 77-82
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Ramees Raja Hussain A and Aneez Mohamed M. "Efficacy of microbes in bioremediation of tannery waste water at Dindigul district." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 4 (October 16, 2019): 3035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1591.
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Tannery waste water contains an enumerous amount of chemicals and a high level of pH, TDS, TSS, BOD, and COD, which gets directly into the natural aquatic environment, thus polluting to the water quality. Because of that important to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly technology to treat the tannery waste water. Our present research work has been done to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of tannery waste water and to decrease the value of BOD, pH, and COD by the procedure of bioremediation using microbes. Among the physical and chemical characteristics analyzed BOD, pH and COD were find to be very huge value. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus were identified and isolated and utilized in the decrease of BOD, pH, and COD in the tannery waste water. Four different concentrations of untreated tannery waste water (control, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) were prepared. The treatment was carried out for 48 hrs (2 days). It is inferred from the results that Bacillus cereus to be more effective in reducing pH, BOD, and COD than the bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the untreated tannery effluents.
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Onajobi, Ismail B., Oyindamola J. Samson, Obasola E. Fagade, and Adeniyi A. Ogunjobi. "Bioaugmentation Approach using Pseudomonas and Bacillus for Malodour Reduction in Poultry Feacal Waste Management." Microbes, Infection and Chemotherapy 3 (June 12, 2023): e1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.54034/mic.e1840.
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Introduction. A workable strategy is bioaugmentation, which involves introducing certain bacteria in sufficient quantities to promote biodegradation. This study focuses on isolating and utilizing malodor-reducing bacteria from fecal wastes obtained from a poultry farm in Ashi, Ibadan. Methods. Standard methods were employed to isolate and identify species of Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Quantitative detection of hydrogen sulfide gas and other relevant parameters was performed using MSA Orion and Multi Gas Detector. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) release was quantitatively monitored during fermentation, considering varying loads of inocula. Results. The bacterial isolates comprised Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. putida, Bacillus fastidiosus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, B. sphaericus, and B. thuringiensis. Odor levels varied based on inocula load and fermentation duration. In batches with Pseudomonas, hydrogen sulfide was undetectable after two days, while Bacillus-inoculated batches required ten days. The formation of microbial mats and subsequent decrease in H2S content contributed to malodor reduction. Notably, fluorescent pseudomonas exhibited successful mineralization during the treatment of fecal waste. Conclusion. Pseudomonas isolates demonstrated superior effectiveness in odor reduction compared to Bacillus isolates.
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Sala-Comorera, Laura, Anicet R. Blanch, Carles Vilaró, Belén Galofré, and Cristina García-Aljaro. "Pseudomonas -related populations associated with reverse osmosis in drinking water treatment." Journal of Environmental Management 182 (November 2016): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.089.
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Yasmin, Riffat, Muhammad Shoaib Zafar, Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir, Rizwan Asif, Samra Asghar, and Syed Kashif Raza. "Biosorptive Potential of Pseudomonas species RY12 Toward Zinc Heavy Metal in Agriculture Soil Irrigated with Contaminated Waste Water." Dose-Response 20, no. 3 (July 2022): 155932582211173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15593258221117352.
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Industrial waste is mainly responsible for accumulating Zn (II) in the soil, which needs to be removed to avoid its bioaccumulation and hazardous effects on the environment. In a recent study, the potential of the RY12 strain was evaluated as a biosorbent of Zn (II) ions in an aqueous medium. Different microbiological techniques like biochemical, molecular characterization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used for the identification of RY12. The impact of different parameters such as the initial zinc ion concentration, pH, temperature, and the removal of other metals such as manganese, lead, cobalt, silver, copper, mercury, and chromium was also evaluated on the reduction of Zn (II). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was also carried out to investigate the role of cellular surfaces in the sorption of Zn+2 ions. Both biochemical and phylogenetic analyses established that strain RY12 Pseudomonas sp. capable of reducing Zn+2 up to 89% at 28°C (pH = 6.5; initial Zn+2 concentration = 200 mg/L). The FTIR analysis revealed that the bacterial cell wall’s amino, carboxyl, and phosphate groups were involved in the reaction with Zn (II). Our findings suggest that Pseudomonas sp. RY12 is a proficient bacterium for removing zinc from industrial waste and could be a valuable bioremediation agent.
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Hao, Bing Bing, Pei Rong Zhan, Ying Ying Wei, and Jiang Xiong Ye. "Identification and Characterization of an Aerobic Denitrifier from MBR on Treatment of Aquaculture Waste Water." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1816.
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The method of acclimating aerobic denitrifying bacteria is studied from activated sludge by MBR system on treatment of aquaculture waste water. After 60 day, one strain aerobic denitrifying bacteria (named F28 strain), is isolated from the activated sludge. It was identified as pseudomonas sp based on its biochemical/morphological characteristics and physiological analysis of its 16SrRNA sequence. The denitrifying capability of the strain is studied in batch culture under aerobic condition. The results showed that the nitrate in the culture could be efficiently removed by F28 strain. Denitrification process of F28 strain mainly occurred in the exponential phase, and the nitrogen removal rate was up to above 70% in 24 hours. Nitrogen is obviously removed by the strain F28 strain on the aquaculture waste water.F28 strain is significant for the practical engineering.
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Fedun, O. M., O. Ye Usov, and G. G. Gavris. "Breeding Avifauna Of The Waste Water Treatment Plants, Located In Northern Left-Bank Part Of Ukraine." Vestnik Zoologii 49, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2015-0014.
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Abstract Over the years 2005–2012 avifauna was studied of 17 waste water treatment plants, located in the Chernihiv and Sumy Regions (northern left-bank) of Ukraine. 81 species of 30 families and 14 orders were registered. Taking into account landscape and technological peculiarities of the waste water treatment plants the follows zones of the birds’ distribution were distinguished: zone of water areas, agro-meadows zone, zone of dams, technological zone. It was noted that birds occurred in different zones unevenly. Maximal species number and diversity of ecological structure of the breeding avifauna was noted within the water bodies and dams. In terms of landscape-biotopic characteristic in waste water treatment plants dominated dendrophilous and wetland birds.
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Tardioli, S., E. T. G. Bánnè, and F. Santori. "Species-specific selection on soil fungal population after olive mill waste-water treatment." Chemosphere 34, no. 11 (June 1997): 2329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00044-1.
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Wu, L., L. Hong, and Ali M. Harivandi. "1034 WASTE WATER IRRIGATION AND MINERAL NUTRIENT STATUS OF FIVE TURFGRASS SPECIES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 576e—576. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.576e.
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The effects of high concentrations of Cl-, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ of the simulated waste water on the growth of turfgrass species and partitioning of these mineral element concentrations in the turfgrass-soil system have been studied. This is a two year project and the waste treatment was started in the first week of October 1993. The waste water contains 17.89 mM of K+, 97.5 mM of Ca2+, 78.1 mM of Mg2+, and 389.17 mM of Cl-. Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass, and zoysiagrass have been irrigated with 1/5, 1/10, and 1/20 times concentration of the waste water and mowed weekly at 5 cm high. The preliminary results showed that there was no detectable growth inhibition of turfgrass by the three waste water concentrations. Waste water irrigation significantly increased the uptake of the mineral elements by the turfgrass. Significant reduction of the mineral element concentrations in the leach by the turfgrass system only found under the conditions of low concentration waste irrigation. However, the seasonal growth pattern of the turfgrass species may have significant influence on the partitioning of the element concentrations in the turfgrass-soil system and their concentrations in the leach. This prediction will be detected by the future studies.
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Arora, Pankaj Kumar, Alok Srivastava, and Vijay Pal Singh. "Diversity of 4-Chloro-2-nitrophenol-Degrading Bacteria in a Waste Water Sample." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7589068.
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Eighteen bacterial strains, isolated from a waste water sample collected from a chemically contaminated site, Patancheru (17°32′N 78°16′E/17.53°N 78.27°E), India, were able to decolorize 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4C2NP) in the presence of an additional carbon source. These eighteen 4C2NP-decolorizing strains have been identified as members of four different genera, includingBacillus,Paenibacillus,Pseudomonas, andLeuconostocbased on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Most of the bacteria (10) belonged to the genusBacillusand contributed 56% of the total 4C2NP-degrading bacteria, whereas the members of generaPaenibacillusandPseudomonasrepresented 22% and 17%, respectively, of total 4C2NP-degrading isolates. There was only one species ofLeuconostoccapable of degrading 4C2NP. This is the first report of the diversity of 4C2NP-decolorizing bacteria in a waste water sample. Furthermore, one bacterium,Bacillus aryabhattaistrain PC-7, was able to decolorize 4C2NP up to a concentration of 2.0 mM. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 5-chloro-2-methylbenzoxazole as the final product of 4C2NP decolorization in strain PC-7.
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Patel, Harsh, Sanket Ray, Ajit Patel, Kamlesh Patel, and Ujjval Trivedi. "Enhanced lipase production from organic solvent tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa UKHL1 and its application in oily waste-water treatment." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 28 (September 2020): 101731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101731.
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Obilonu, A. N., C. Chijioke, W. E. Igwegbe, O. I. Ibearugbulem, and Y. F. Abubakar. "Water Quality Challenges and Impact." International Letters of Natural Sciences 4 (November 2013): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.4.44.
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Man’s activities on the environment often results in pollution and degradation of water bodies. Water bodies must therefore be jealously guided and protected from being polluted, which will affect water quality and availability for desired usage. Causes of water quality impairment are urban and rural storm water runoff, inadequate waste water treatment, nutrient entrophication, atmospheric deposition and acid rain, pollutant in sediments and fish, and nuisance aquatic weed growth and invasive species. Other factors include unhygienic disposal and inadequate treatment of human and livestock wastes, indecent management and treatment of industrial residues, inappropriate agricultural practices and unsafe solid waste discharge. Suggested strategies to combat water quality problems which should form the basis of policy solution for improving water quality include: (i) prevention of pollution; (ii) treatment of polluted water; (iii) safe use of waste water; and (iv) restoration and protection of ecosystem. It is recommended that our water bodies and the environment in general should be protected through appropriate legislation guidelines and public literacy campaign and mass education to sensitize, educate and make the people a fully environmentally literate society. Taking these steps internationally, nationally and locally will mean better water quality for our present society and future generation.
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Obilonu, A. N., C. Chijioke, W. E. Igwegbe, O. I. Ibearugbulem, and Y. F. Abubakar. "Water Quality Challenges and Impact." International Letters of Natural Sciences 4 (November 3, 2013): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-2h3s76.
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Man’s activities on the environment often results in pollution and degradation of water bodies. Water bodies must therefore be jealously guided and protected from being polluted, which will affect water quality and availability for desired usage. Causes of water quality impairment are urban and rural storm water runoff, inadequate waste water treatment, nutrient entrophication, atmospheric deposition and acid rain, pollutant in sediments and fish, and nuisance aquatic weed growth and invasive species. Other factors include unhygienic disposal and inadequate treatment of human and livestock wastes, indecent management and treatment of industrial residues, inappropriate agricultural practices and unsafe solid waste discharge. Suggested strategies to combat water quality problems which should form the basis of policy solution for improving water quality include: (i) prevention of pollution; (ii) treatment of polluted water; (iii) safe use of waste water; and (iv) restoration and protection of ecosystem. It is recommended that our water bodies and the environment in general should be protected through appropriate legislation guidelines and public literacy campaign and mass education to sensitize, educate and make the people a fully environmentally literate society. Taking these steps internationally, nationally and locally will mean better water quality for our present society and future generation.
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Matsuska, O. V., M. V. Tsizhovska, and D. M. Khapko. "Perspective ecological processes of agricultural sewage water treatment when using non-traditional sorbents." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 91 (November 6, 2019): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9109.
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The usage of natural sorbents in sewage water treatment technologies, in particular agro-industrial complex, has a number of environmental and economic advantages. Non-traditional sorbents, which are concentrated in many parts of Ukraine, are cheap raw materials for sewage water treatment. The sorption properties of the upland and lowland peat species of the Gamaliivka-Grybovychi deposit, which were studied early, indicate their high sorption capacity for ammonium ions, which, if they enter water bodies, cause a number of environmental problems. According to the results of the ecological assessment of sewage water of meat processing facility, the chicken processing facility and milk processing plant, it was found out the exceedance of the acceptable limits for the content of ammoniacal nitrogen, respectively: 1.3–3 MPC; 3.8 MPC and 2.5 MPC. This component is a water pollutant and a “crop” of yield in agriculture, since nitrogen is an important element of plant nutrition. The rational usage of natural resources involves the complex usage of natural resources. The nitrogen absorbed by ammonium peat, as well as the peat itself is a sufficient fertilizing land, so the use of used peat complex in agriculture allows to solve not only problems of fertilizers, but also to achieve greening in sewage water treatment technologies. Greening as a whole is a result of waste minimization, and today there are two main areas: new technological non-waste technology together with low-waste technology and waste regeneration. This paper presents a comparison of the physiological indices of plants, depending on the application of the species and form of Gamaliivka-Grybovychi peat deposit, Yavoriv district, when fertilizing the substrate (sand as a background) of the study areas. The influence on the quality of ascent and growth of vegetative culture – watercress, natural form of the top and lowland peat species, as well as their waste forms obtained as a result of the process of purification of ammonium ions, modeling the sewage water of the agro-industrial complex, was investigated. The mass of the harvest from the experimental fields was determined and compared. The differences of lowland and upland peat species are due to its origin, which significantly affects their chemical composition. The plants fuelled with peat are much higher in the mass than those crops that were grown with adding of peat substrate into the lowland. However, the used form of lowland peat provided a 1.57 times higher harvested crop yield than the used upland sample of the studied sorbent.
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Basuki, B. T. "Effect Of Operating Conditions On Steady-State Behavior Of Activated Sludge In Phenolic Waste Water Treatment." REAKTOR 9, no. 2 (June 19, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.9.2.41-49.
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Steady-state behavior of activated sludge in phenolic waste water treatment was observed and theoretically considered. The apparatus used in this experiment was a continuous perfect mixing tank where activated sludge was withdraw continuosly and auto-returned from a settling tank. To explain the data well, it must be taken into consideration that activated sludge consist of various species of microorganisms. Therefore, ecosystem and whole metabolism of activated sludge would be effected not only by environmental condition (pH, temperature, DO,etc.), but also by operating variables (dilution rate, inlet substrate concentration, etc.). In this study, the relation of whole metabolism of activated sludge between the case which activated sludge is regarded as various species of microorganisms was obtained. Seven empirical parameters in the kinetic equation which were introduce from the predator-prey interaction model were considered to be a function of various operating variables. By using this method, steady-state behavior of activated sludge in the ohenolic waste water treatment could be well explained, moreover, important information to design a practical process for phenolic waste water treatment with activated sludge was obtained.Keywords : phenolic waste water treatment, activated sludge, effect of operating conditions, predator-prey interaction model, kinetic model
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Fedun, О. М., and І. V. Davydenko. "Ornithological Fauna of the Waste Water Treatment Plants in the Northern Left Bank Ukraine (Chernihiv and Kyiv Regions): Winter Populations and Ecological Structure." Vestnik Zoologii 50, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2016-0055.
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Abstract The article discusses winter bird populations of the waste water treatment plants (WWTP) located in the North of Left -bank Ukraine. The said population comprises 12 orders and 29 families. The most numerous are Passeriformes (37 species), Аnsеriformes (16 species) and Falconiformes (6 species). Parus major was registered at all types of facilities while most of the others house Passer montanus, Carduelis carduelis, Turdus pilaris, and Parus caeruleus. The largest number of wintering birds was registered at Bortnychi aeration station, Chernihiv municipal WWTP and Chernihiv wool processing factory - 79. 51 and 15 species respectively. The nuclear part of the bird numbers are the species residing at the facilities all year around (65.8 %); species occurring there in winter only account for 34.2 %. Dendrophilous (38 species) and hydrophilous (35 species) dominate among them. The primary role in forming the winter fauna of the waste water treatment plants belongs to the zones of water bodies and dams.
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Liang, Chang Jin, Jing Ying Li, and Chuan Jing Ma. "Review on Cyanogenic Bacteria for Gold Recovery from E-Waste." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.355.
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Electronic waste (E-waste) is recognized as a new emerging and fast-growing waste stream, and may be considered as a secondary ore for the recovery of some precious metals (such as gold). A number of control technologies have been conducted for gold recovery, and in which, cyanidation is widely used. In recent years, an alternate approach to the gold cyanidation process is being considered, in which the aim is to replace with the microorganism, specifically cyanogenic bacteria such asChromobacterium violaceum,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Pseudomonas aeruginosaandEscherichia coli.All these species can produce cyanide ions and dissolve gold in their metabolic processes. The mechanism is a combination of chemical knowledge (interaction of metals and cyanide) with microbiological principles (biological cyanide formation) regarding metal solubilization from waste printed circuit boards and the formation of water-soluble cyanide complexes. And the activity of cyanogenic bacteria is affected by many factors, such as pH, dissolved oxygen pulp density and nutriment, especially several metal ions, which can serve as the catalyst in the metabolism. Now researchers are devoting themselves to looking for the proper conditions, not only from the bacteria themselves, but also the combination of many methods, which can reinforce the cyanide generation and improve gold leaching efficiency. At present the reported leaching efficiency of gold with cyanogenic is approximately 70%. As the continuous optimization of conditions, the industrial application can be expected soon.
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Scally, Laurence, Miroslav Gulan, Lars Weigang, Patrick Cullen, and Vladimir Milosavljevic. "Significance of a Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on LDPE Biodegradation with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101925.
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The use of plastics has spanned across almost all aspects of day to day life. Although their uses are invaluable, they contribute to the generation of a lot of waste products that end up in the environment and end up polluting natural habitats such as forests and the ocean. By treating low-density polyethylene (LDPE) samples with non-thermal plasma in ambient air and with an addition of ≈4% CO2, the biodegradation of the samples can be increased due to an increase in oxidative species causing better cell adhesion and acceptance on the polymer sample surface. It was, however, found that the use of this slight addition of CO2 aided in the biodegradation of the LDPE samples more than with solely ambient air as the carbon bonds measured from Raman spectroscopy were seen to decrease even more with this change in gas composition and chemistry. The results show that the largest increase of polymer degradation occurs when a voltage of 32 kV is applied over 300 s and with a mixture of ambient air and CO2 in the ratio 25:1.
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Würzer, M., A. Wiedenmann, and K. Botzenhart. "Microbiological quality of residues from drinking water preparation." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1995): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0565.
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In Germany the application of procedures such as flocculation and filtration in the preparation of drinking water results in the annual production of an estimated 500,000 t of sediments and sludges. Some of these residues have a potential for being reused, for example in agriculture, forestry, brickworks or waste water treatment. To assess the microbiological quality of residues from waterworks methods for the detection of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella, poliovirus, Ascaris suis eggs and Cryptosporidium have been evaluated regarding their detection limits and were applied to various residues from German waterworks. Results show that sediments and sludges may contain pathogenic bacteria, viruses and protista. When residues from waterworks are intended to be reused in agriculture or forestry the microbiological quality should therefore be considered.
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Chaoui, Laila, Taha Chouati, Imane Zalegh, Rajaa Ait Mhand, Fouad Mellouki, and Naima Rhallabi. "Identification and assessment of antimicrobial resistance bacteria in a hemodialysis water treatment system." Journal of Water and Health 20, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2022.267.
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Abstract The water treatment process is a vital factor for hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aimed to assess the degree of contamination of HD water by bacteria at the HD center of Mohammedia, Morocco, in addition to evaluating the antimicrobial resistance of isolated bacteria. Fifty-four water samples were taken, the appropriate cultures were used to isolate the pathogenic bacteria, which were identified biochemically and molecularly by 16S RNA sequencing. Their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs was determined by the disk diffusion method. Approximately 5.5% of water samples were above the norm. The isolated bacteria that colonized the HD systems were mostly Gram-negative bacilli, such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas spp., and Burkholderia cepacian. Results of the antibiotics test showed remarkable resistance levels. Among Pseudomonas spp. and S. maltophilia, 10 strains were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 4 as extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The diversity of bacterial strains isolated in the water used for HD treatments, and their worrying resistance levels pose a significant risk to patients. For these reasons, an urgent need for periodic microbiological monitoring of water after each treatment step must be applied, and the treatment process should also be optimized.
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Vanderzwalmen, Myriam, Daniel Sánchez Lacalle, Priyadarshini Tamilselvan, Jason McNeill, Dorine Delieuvin, Khadidja Behlouli, Andrew Hursthouse, et al. "The Effect of Substrate on Water Quality in Ornamental Fish Tanks." Animals 12, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 2679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192679.
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Almost all home aquaria contain substrate, either as intentional enrichment or for aesthetic purposes. For fishes, benefits of structural enrichment have been well considered, particularly in research and aquaculture settings. However, our understanding of the impacts of tank substrate as enrichment is limited. While substrate can induce foraging in some species, a major drawback is the potential of substrate to harbour elevated levels of waste and pathogenic bacteria. Here, we considered whether substrate as a form of environmental enrichment significantly altered water quality and bacterial presence in home aquaria. Water quality (temperature, oxygen, pH, TAN, unionised ammonia, nitrate, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ and K+) and bacterial presence (Pseudomonas spp.) were measured over two seven-week periods in stand-alone, tropical, freshwater tanks that simulated home aquaria. The following four enrichment conditions were considered: bare tanks, plastic plants, gravel substrate or sand substrate. The addition of both gravel and sand resulted in increased pH, concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen and nitrate. Substrate was also associated with a greater Pseudomonas presence. Decreased pH alongside an increased concentration of ions were also observed depending on the time of year. In conclusion, enrichment type affected the water quality of home aquaria, with further research needed on the role of the tank biome in fish welfare.
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Alvarez-Vera, Manuel, Jacinto Vázquez, Daniel Fernández, and Rosalía Reinoso. "Poultry feathers and offal treatment by using beneficial microorganisms." BioResources 17, no. 1 (November 8, 2021): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.1.64-74.
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Poultry waste can be hydrolyzed using microorganisms to obtain useful amino acids for agriculture processes. This research treated poultry waste by applying beneficial microbial consortia. Microorganisms were obtained from Brassica oleracea (commonly known as cabbage) and Jungia rugosa (widely known as matico de puna) plants. Each sample was sent to the laboratory for gender, species, and concentration identification. Poultry waste (feathers, offal, blood) and a liquid solution made up of water, molasses, and microorganisms were placed inside plastic tanks. Four treatments were established (T1, T2, T3, and T4). T1 and T3 were composed of 80% water, 10% molasses, and 10% microorganisms; T2 and T4 were composed of 70% water, 20% molasses, and 10% microorganisms. The contents in each tank were periodically stirred for one month. Sixteen microorganisms were identified in each sample. In each treatment, nine essential and nine non-essential amino acids were found in different concentration levels. It is assumed that indigenous microbial consortia benefit the hydrolysis of poultry waste. Furthermore, the type and content of amino acids are related to the microbial activity of each consortium.
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Andersen, Sigrid Rita. "Effects of waste water treatment on the species composition and Antibiotic resistance of coliform bacteria." Current Microbiology 26, no. 2 (February 1993): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01577343.
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Adamu, A., DB Adie, and UA Alka. "A Comparative Study of the Use of Cassava Species and Alum in Waste Water Treatment." Nigerian Journal of Technology 33, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v33i2.5.
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Lan, Huixia, Shixin Qi, Da Yang, Xiangzhi Wang, Peiming Zhang, Heng Zhang, and Yanhui Sun. "Treatment of white water with combined predominant bacteria and immobilized enzyme." BioResources 15, no. 2 (April 9, 2020): 4016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.4016-4025.
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White water treatment with combined predominant bacterial species and immobilized enzyme was investigated. The use of the single predominant bacteria of Brevundimonas diminuta or Virgibacillus pantothenticus resulted in poor treatment responses. With the combined bacterial species, the treatment effect was clearly improved. When the dosage ratio of Brevundimonas diminuta to Virgibacillus pantothenticus was 1:2, the chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal rate reached 70.5%, the cationic demand decreased 46.0%, and the electrical conductivity decreased 18.6% after 16 h of treatment. When mixed with the immobilized enzyme, the treatment efficiency increased with the immobilized pectinase dosage. When 8 g/L immobilized pectinase was added, the treatment time was shortened from 16 h to 4 h, the highest removal rate of CODCr was 74.1%, the cationic demand decreased 68.7%, and the electrical conductivity in the white water decreased 30.1%. The results indicated that the combination of predominant bacterial species and immobilized pectinase could greatly improve the treatment efficiency of white water.
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Yamgar, Priyanka V., and Vikrant M. Dhamak. "Therapeutics role of spirulina platensis in disease prevention and treatment." IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcaap.2022.006.
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Spirulina are multicellular and filamentous blue-green microalgae belonging to two separate genera Spirulina and Arthrospiraand consists of about 15 species. Of these, Arthrospira platensis is the most common and widely available spirulina and most of the published research and public health decision refers to this specific species. It grows in water, can be harvested and processed easily and has significantly high macro- and micronutrient contents. In many countries of Africa, it is used as human food as an important source of protein and is collected from natural water, dried and eaten. It has gained popularity in the human health food industry and in many countries of Asia it is used as protein supplement and as human health food. Spirulina has been used as a complementary dietary ingredient of feed for poultry and increasingly as a protein and vitamin supplement to aqua feeds. Spirulina can play an important role in human and animal nutrition, environmental protection through waste water recycling and energy conservation. Spirulina is free floating filamentous microalgae growing in alkaline water bodies The present review was focused on the various characteristics of Spirulina platensisSpirulina is rich in proteins (60-70%), vitamins and minerals used as protein supplement in diets of undernourished poor children in developing countries. One gram of Spirulina protein is equivalent to one kilogram of assorted vegetables. The amino acid composition of Spirulina protein ranks among the best in the plant world, more than that of soya bean. The mass cultivation of Spirulina is achieved both in fresh water and waste water. Spirulina grown in clean waters and under strictly controlled conditions could be used for human nutrition. The micro algae gown in waste water is used as animal feed and provide a source of the fine chemicals and fuels. The waste water system is highly applicable in populated countries like India where wastes are generated in high quantities and pose environmental problem.
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Cheriaa, Jihane, Mahmoud Rouabhia, Makaoui Maatallah, and Amina Bakhrouf. "Phenotypic stress response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa following culture in water microcosms." Journal of Water and Health 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.072.
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The purpose of the present study was to explore the potential behavioural changes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa following growth in different aquatic environmental conditions. To achieve this, P. aeruginosa was cultured in various water microcosms for 12 months under fixed (pH, nutrients and temperature) factors. P. aeruginosa responses to these conditions were investigated using colony morphotype, biochemical and enzymatic characterisation, pyocin typing, serotyping, sensitivity to different classes of antibiotics and molecular identification. Results show that starvation in water microcosms lead to unusual phenotypes. Of interest is that the pyocin changed from 24/n in the wild type to 83/a following culture in the water microcosms, and the serotype changed from O6 in the wild type to O1 in microcosm-cultured P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the starvation period in various aquatic microcosms enhanced the resistance of P. aeruginosa against beta-lactam antibiotics. Compared to the other aquatic environments, the seawater microcosm produced the greatest amount of variations in P. aeruginosa. Overall, data demonstrated a high adaptability of P. aeruginosa to environmental changes. This may explain the unusual antibiotic-resistant phenotypes belonging to P. aeruginosa species, and their capacity for spreading that leads to human infections.
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Stoica, Catalina, Laurentiu Razvan Dinu, Irina Eugenia Lucaciu, Voicu Oncu, Stefania Gheorghe, and Mihai Nita-Lazar. "Sensitivity of Pathogenic Bacteria Strains to Treated Mine Water." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 15535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315535.
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Mine water as a result of meteoric and/or underground water’s contact with tailings and underground workings could have an elevated content of metals associated with sulfate, often acidic, due to the bio-oxidation of sulfides. When entering aquatic ecosystems, the mine water can cause significant changes in the species’ trophic levels, therefore a treatment is required to adjust the alkalinity and to remove the heavy metals and metalloids. The conventional mine water treatment removes metals, but in many cases it does not reduce the sulfate content. This paper aimed to predict the impact of conventionally treated mine water on the receiving river by assessing the genotoxic activity on an engineered Escherichia coli and by evaluating the toxic effects generated on two Gram-negative bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Although the main chemical impact is the severe increases of calcium and sulfate concentrations, no significant genotoxic characteristics were detected on the Escherichia coli strain and on the cell-viability with a positive survival rate higher than 80%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more resistant than Escherichia coli in the presence of 1890 mg SO42−/L. This paper reveals different sensitivities and adaptabilities of pathogenic bacteria to high concentrations of sulfates in mine waters.
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Curtin, Anna M., Matthew C. Thibodeau, and Heather L. Buckley. "The Best-Practice Organism for Single-Species Studies of Antimicrobial Efficacy against Biofilms Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Membranes 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090211.
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As potable water scarcity increases across the globe; it is imperative to identify energy and cost-effective processes for producing drinking-water from non-traditional sources. One established method is desalination of brackish and seawater via reverse osmosis (RO). However, the buildup of microorganisms at the water-membrane interface, known as biofouling, clogs RO membranes over time, increasing energy requirements and cost. To investigate biofouling mitigation methods, studies tend to focus on single-species biofilms; choice of organism is crucial to producing useful results. To determine a best-practice organism for studying antimicrobial treatment of biofilms, with specific interest in biofouling of RO membranes, we answered the following two questions, each via its own semi-systematic review: 1. Which organisms are commonly used to test antimicrobial efficacy against biofilms on RO membranes? 2. Which organisms are commonly identified via genetic analysis in biofilms on RO membranes? We then critically review the results of two semi-systematic reviews to identify pioneer organisms from the listed species. We focus on pioneer organisms because they initiate biofilm formation, therefore, inhibiting these organisms specifically may limit biofilm formation in the first place. Based on the analysis of the results, we recommend utilizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa for future single-species studies focused on biofilm treatment including, but not limited to, biofouling of RO membranes.
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Figueredo, Priya K., Miss Pooja A. Bhokare, and Mr Nitish A. Mohite. "Feasibility Study of Zero Discharge Concept in Sugar Industry After Anaerobic Treatment: Case Study of Solapur." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40552.
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Abstract: Purification and reutilisation of waste water from different industries is a challenge for a smarter and healthier environment. An important role in Indian economy is played by an agro based industry segment which is nothing but sugar industry. But the effluent from the industry is a proven fact as a threat for environment. Effective waste water management can result in smart and healthy city environment. The treated colored effluent from the industry is not preferred for reuse and recycle, though the other BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, MPN are in permissible limit. Root zone technique is one of the important approaches for, as the process is economical, easy in operation and maintenance. Pilot plant is constructed and executed using a typical species. The intake of treated effluent and the final effluent from root zone technique were collected and tested for various contact hours. To accommodate the massive urbanization it can be used to find smarter ways to reduce expenses, manage complexities that’s the treated waste water from industry can serve for following: 1) Gardening 2) Fire Fighting 3) Washing 4) Toilet Flushing etc. For a better and smart management of treated waste. Keywords: Agro based industry, sugar industry, colored, root zone technique, species, contact hours.
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Bousba, Houssem Eddine, Mouna Saoudi, Wail Seif-Eddine Namous, and Salah Sahli. "Interaction between Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet and Water Contaminated With Pseudomonas Aeroginosa Bacteria for Decontamination Purpose." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2426, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2426/1/012052.
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Abstract Plasma based treatments are found to be effective in water cleansing. For this purpose, we employed a plasma jet that is extracted at the exit of a flexible plastic tube remotely from its main source. This plasma jet is generated using a gas mixture of argon and oxygen for the sake of producing reactive oxygen species in the solution when submerged safely under water to perform a treatment in the suspension volume. The treated samples consist of distillated water that is contaminated with bacterial cells of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, this bacteria can present extreme threat to the human body and may lead to death. Our study reports the effect of both treatment time and the introduced ratio of the gas mixture introduced to ignite the plasma discharge. Results illustrate that full water decontamination can be obtained after about 12 minutes of treatment using 1.5 slpm of argon gas flow in addition to 2.5±0.2% of oxygen.
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Heath, Ralph G., Machiel C. Steynberg, Rita Guglielmi, and Annelie L. Maritz. "The implications of point source phosphorus management to potable water treatment." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0158.
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The Vaal River Barrage reservoir is an important source of raw water for Rand Water which supplies at least 10 million people with drinking water daily. Return effluents from waste water treatment works, industries and informal urban settlements in the catchment has resulted in algal problems in the raw water and treatment process. In order to attempt to reduce the effect of eutrophication of South African inland water quality the Department of Water Affairs implemented in 1985 a 1 mg/l ortho-phosphate standard for waste water treatment works effluents. The amount of phosphate originating from the waste treatment works decreased significantly over the 10 years after the standard was implemented even though 40% of the time the works do not comply to the standard. This has resulted in no significant change in the chlorophyll values at Rand Water Intake No. 1. The algal species composition has changed with blue-greens becoming more dominant which has resulted in a higher incidence of algal related problems. The stabilizing of the chlorophyll values is not only as a result of lower ortho-phosphate levels but also due to residence times, turbidity and conductivity. To further reduce the algal concentrations at Rand Water Intake No. 1 the 1 mg/l ortho-phosphate standard will have to be enforced, the standard possibly reduced and diffuse sources managed on a catchment basis.
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Coronel-Olivares, Claudia, Lidia María Reyes-Gómez, Aurelio Hernández-Muñoz, Ana Paola Martínez-Falcón, Gabriela A. Vázquez-Rodríguez, and Ulises Iturbe. "Chlorine disinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis: revisiting reclaimed water regulations." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 11 (December 1, 2011): 2151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.691.
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Pathogenic organisms can be transmitted orally through drinking water or through skin and mucosae by both direct and indirect contact, and their presence in water thus has a negative impact on public health. In wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), water is disinfected to inactivate pathogens. The quantification of several microbial indicators in aquatic systems is required to estimate the biological quality of such systems. So far, coliform bacteria have been used as traditional indicators world-wide. This study has assessed the resistance of total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis to three dosages of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at two exposure times. The bacteria were isolated from secondary effluents of a WWTP located in Hidalgo, Mexico. The results show that the number of colony-forming units of all studied bacterial types decreased when both the NaClO concentration and exposure times increased. However, they were not eliminated. The inclusion of the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa in regulations for treated wastewater quality as a new indicator is highly recommended due to its importance as an opportunistic pathogen. The detection of this species along with the traditional organisms could be particulary significant for reclaimed water to be used with direct human contact.
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Biris Dorhoi, Elena Suzana, Maria Tofana, Simona Maria Chis, Carmen Elena Lupu, and Ticuta Negreanu Pirjol. "Wastewater Treatment Using Marine Algae Biomass as Pollutants Removal." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 5 (June 15, 2018): 1089–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.5.6267.
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The valorification of the marine biomass is an important resource for many industries like pharmaceutical, supplying raw material for the extraction of bioactive substances (vitamins, sterols and collagen), cosmetics, biofertilizers and wastewater treatment. In the last years a special attention has been given to the use of macroalgae. The aim of this study was to emphasize the capacity of two representative green algae species frequent presents on the Romanian shore, Ulva lactuca (L.) and Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek, to remove two usual detergents from wastewater. The green algae washed, dried at room temperature, macerated to powder were introduced into different filter paper for comparison, then immersed in waste water treated with different concentrations of detergents. Tap water was used for the experiment. The results show that Ulva lactuca (L.) species is suitable than Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek species, for wastewater treatment.
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Majewski, Peter, Jennifer Luong, and Kevin Stretton. "The application of surface engineered silica for the treatment of sugar containing wastewater." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.829.
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The removal of sucrose and fructose from water at various high concentrations by surface engineered silica (SES) was studied using dissolved sugar in pure water. The results indicate that sugar at concentrations of up to 800 g/L can be removed by SES at a relatively high dose of 250 to 300 g/L. Based on these results, process water from a soft drink filling station which was contaminated by sugar, flavour components, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and Candida pelliculosa yeast were treated to study the performance of SES using actual process water samples by analysing turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), UV absorption, and various other standard parameters, and microbial tests. The study shows that at a dose of 100 g/L of SES bacterial contamination as well as turbidity, BOD and UV absorption can be significantly reduced. However, the study found the yeast species Candida pelliculosa could not be removed from the water samples.
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Zamyadi, Arash, Sarah Dorner, Sébastien Sauvé, Donald Ellis, Anouka Bolduc, Christian Bastien, and Michèle Prévost. "Species-dependence of cyanobacteria removal efficiency by different drinking water treatment processes." Water Research 47, no. 8 (May 2013): 2689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.040.
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Donofrio, Robert S., Sal Aridi, Ratul Saha, Robin Bechanko, Kevin Schaefer, Lorelle L. Bestervelt, and Beth Hamil. "Laboratory validation of an ozone device for recreational water treatment." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 2 (April 8, 2013): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.198.
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Obtaining an accurate assessment of a treatment system's antimicrobial efficacy in recreational water is difficult given the large scale and high flow rates of the water systems. A laboratory test system was designed to mimic the water conditions and potential microbial contaminants found in swimming pools. This system was utilized to evaluate the performance of an in situ ozone disinfection device against four microorganisms: Cryptosporidium parvum, bacteriophage MS2, Enterococcus faecium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The sampling regimen evaluated the antimicrobial effectiveness in a single pass fashion, with samples being evaluated initially after exposure to the ozone unit, as well as at points downstream from the device. Based on the flow dynamics and log reductions, cycle threshold (Ct) values were calculated. The observed organism log reductions were as follows: >6.7 log for E. faecium and P. aeruginosa; >5.9 log for bacteriophage MS2; and between 2.7 and 4.1 log for C. parvum. The efficacy results indicate that the test system effectively functions as a secondary disinfection system as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Model Aquatic Health Code.