Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Waste products as building materials'
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Simic, Sinisa. "Leftover." PDF viewer required Home page for entire collection, 2008. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Fung, Wing-kun. "The use of recycled concrete in construction." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30517643.
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Yip, Lai Yuk. "Investigations on the geo-environmental performance of rubber-soil /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202003%20YIP.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 286-292). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Xu, Xuan. "Earthquake protection of low-to-medium-rise buildings using rubber-soil mixtures." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43224192.
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Palmquist, Shane M. "Compressive behavior of concrete with recycled aggregates /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2003.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2003.Adviser: Daniel C. Jansen. Submitted to the Dept. of Civil Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-152). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Delaware, Kamil. "Construction and demolition waste management : assessment of demand and supply of recycled materials in the Western Cape." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15416.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-100).Concern for environmental degradation has been a motivating factor in the efforts to reuse or recycle construction and demolition waste. The intention is not only to reduce environmental desecration, but also to recycle the construction and demolition waste into potential building materials to be reused elsewhere. This study investigated the supply and demand of recycled construction materials in the Western Cape, and aimed to determine the perception held by important stakeholders about these materials. A qualitative analysis of the case study results revealed that poor waste management plans implemented on construction and demolition sites have affected the quality, supply and price of recycled materials. In addition to this it was also revealed that the negative perceptions regarding recycled materials were the major barriers to creating an established secondary market. Inadequate knowledge and experience were major contributors to resistance to change of perceptions. A case study was conducted on Malans Quarries Recyclers in order to determine the supply of raw materials (construction and demolition waste) reaching the recycling plant; the supply of recycled materials to the end user (consumer); and the recycling process that takes place. A sample of fifteen respondents from a variety of large, medium and small construction contractors, as well as consultants and civil engineering companies, completed a questionnaire to determine the demand for and perceptions about these materials. The qualitative analysis of the results of the questionnaires showed that the majority of respondents still preferred to use primary materials over recycled materials. However, it appears that the gap between respondents who prefer to use primary materials, and those who utilize recycled materials, has narrowed in comparison to results obtained in previous studies. It seems that there may be more usage of recycled materials in the future. The results also revealed that tax cuts, could be a good economic incentive to encourage the use of recycled material. The questionnaire results also revealed that the majority of the respondents believed that landfill taxes where not effective in discouraging the illegal dumping of waste, and that the lack advertisements, and difficulties in obtaining recycled materials played a crucial role in the under-use of recycled materials.
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Mok, Ka-ying. "Pilot study on the use of public fill in seawall foundations." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30732281.
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Zhu, Jianhua. "Characterization of cement-kiln-dust stabilized base/subbase aggregate /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1998.
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Xu, Xuan, and 许旋. "Earthquake protection of low-to-medium-rise buildings using rubber-soil mixtures." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43224192.
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Krezel, Zbigniew Adam, and n/a. "Recycled aggregate concrete acoustic barrier." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060821.154340.
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This document reports on a research project aimed at developing a concrete acoustic barrier
made from Recycled Aggregate (RA) Concrete. The research project was undertaken in
response to the needs expressed by the Victorian concrete recycling industry. The industry,
the scientific community conducting research into relevant disciplines, and the community
at large, represented by Victorian government agencies, are of the opinion that there is a
need to devise a higher value utilisation application for selected concrete recycling
products.
This document outlines the rationale and objectives of the research project which involves
the examination of Recycled Concrete (RC) Aggregate, the design and examination of RA
Concrete, and finally the development of an acoustic barrier made from RA Concrete.
The literature review presented in this report examines aspects of concrete recycling and
concrete technology pertaining to traditional and alternative constituent materials for
concrete production. Firstly, the importance and influence of fine and coarse aggregate on
basic properties of concrete is introduced. Secondly, an account on the use of alternative
materials in concrete technology, especially of coarse recycled aggregates and
supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is described. Thirdly, some of the physical
and mechanical properties and how the use of RC Aggregate and SCM changes these
properties are discussed. Fourthly, a number of commonly used techniques and neutron
scattering techniques to investigate aggregate and concrete properties are introduced and
discussed. Fifthly, the porosity of aggregate and concrete including durability are
specifically discussed and testing methods are reasoned. The literature review also
discusses the use of no-fines concrete; its physical, mechanical and acoustic properties.
Finally it presents an account of the use of concrete in transportation traffic noise
attenuation devices.
This document continues with an outline of a methodology that was adopted in this
research project. It outlines experimental work aimed at examining the properties of RC Aggregate which amongst other properties includes porosity, particle size distribution,
water absorption, shape and density. It continues examining RA Concrete properties and
includes, among other properties, compressive strength, porosity and durability as well as
sound absorption of acoustic barrier. The methodology introduces standard and purposely
modified test procedures used in the examination of aggregates, concrete and acoustic
barrier. An account of various research techniques is presented, spanning from simple
visual observations to more sophisticated neutron scattering techniques. The summary of
test procedures follows a description of test specimen composition and their sizes, and a
suite of tested specimens. It also introduces statistical methods used to analyse test results.
After a detailed description of the aggregate, concrete and RA Concrete acoustic barrier,
the document outlines a summary of data generated through the experimental program of
this research project. The data on fine aggregate, on selected 14/10mm coarse RC
Aggregate, on concrete made from natural and recycled aggregate and on acoustic barrier
are presented and discussed. Test results of various physical, mechanical and acoustic
properties of aggregate, concrete and barrier are reported, analysed and discussed. The data
from observations, visual assessment and scientific experimentation of specific properties
are then crossed analysed in a search for relationships between properties of fine and coarse
aggregates and properties of concrete made from such aggregates. A cross analysis of data
on ?less-fines? RA Concrete and on the acoustic performance of barrier is examined, and
the relationship between the volume of interconnected voids in a porous part of ?less-fines?
concrete, and the sound absorption of acoustic barrier is discussed and reported.
The document then presents a synthesis of the literature review results, project aims
adopted within the experimental program and test results in the three main areas of this
research project. These areas include recycled concrete aggregate, recycled aggregate
concrete and acoustic barrier made from RA Concrete.
Finally, conclusions reached through the course of this investigation are summarised and
recommendations are proposed in relation to the RA Concrete acoustic barrier. The main
conclusion is that selected RC Aggregate can be used in the production of concrete of a compressive strength of 25MPa, if the moisture content and water absorption in the
aggregate are closely monitored, and the foreign material content is kept below 1.5%. The
author concludes that acoustic barrier made from selected RC Aggregate has unique sound
absorption characteristics that can easily be tunable by a selection of appropriate aggregate
and by specific concrete mix designs. Recommendations for further research are also
proposed.
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Krezel, Zbigniew Adam. "Recycled aggregate concrete acoustic barrier." Australasian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20060821.154340.
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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Civil Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.
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Chan, Ying Yin. "Investigate the engineering properties of Rubbersoil and its application for fill slope /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20CHANY.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 241-249). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Rosario, Cabral Sina Del. "Garbage housing in informal settlements." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61296.
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The recycling of consumer items and their use as building materials have long been recognized by researchers and scholars in studies of informal settlements. There they are used as substitutes to traditional materials for walls and roofs, scarce or unaffordable in urban areas. However, they are also used as a means to repair or protect dilapidated materials and building components.Recycled consumer items are neither accepted nor regarded as standard building materials. Nevertheless, builders continue to use them, recognizing the existence of a market where they are regarded as alternative materials in housing. The use of these materials is defined by the users' needs and priorities. However, the decision-making process also depends on availability in the market, opportunity cost of the products, the performance of each material and its perceived aesthetic and social value within the community. In the process their use has created complex supply networks that deliver building materials according to local supply and demand.
Based on a field study, this thesis presents the recycled consumer items used for the provision of housing in a squatter settlement. All the recycled non-conventional materials found are recorded according to their uses in the dwelling units, classified according to building types. Later on these materials are classified and analyzed according to their properties, their provision and acquisition.
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Fung, Wing-kun, and 馮永根. "The use of recycled concrete in construction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30517643.
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Paula, Paulo Roberto Freire de. "Utilização dos resíduos da construção civil na produção de blocos de argamassa sem função estrutural." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=677.
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Diante da iminente escassez de recursos naturais disponíveis e dos problemas ambientais decorrentes das inadequadas deposições irregulares de resíduos nos centros urbanos, o
presente trabalho busca analisar as características físicas de blocos e agregados de resíduos de construção e demolição RCD proveniente da indústria da construção e demolição do
município de Petrolina-PE. A construção civil como qualquer outro setor produtivo é gerador de resíduos devido aos
desperdícios e à demolição após o uso ou catástrofes. Uma das aplicações para o resíduo é como agregado alternativo, em substituição total ou parcial ao natural, usados para a produção de blocos. O emprego desses resíduos como agregados para argamassas e concretos não
estruturais tem bastantes estudos difundidos na literatura brasileira e no mundo inteiro. Neste trabalho, é analisada a viabilidade na confecção de blocos com uso de agregados miúdos reciclados para uso em alvenaria de vedação e o desempenho do mesmo diante de blocos com agregados naturais, confeccionados no município de Petrolina-PE, utilizando-se um traço padrão 1:6 (cimento: agregado miúdo). Os resultados indicaram que a substituição de 25; 50;
75; e 100% da areia natural por agregados miúdos reciclados não afeta significativamente as propriedades mecânicas dos blocos, cujos valores de resistência chegaram a 3,67 MPa, 2,63 MPa, 2,44 MPa e 2,03 MPa respectivamente . Por outro lado, essa substituição apresenta elevada porosidade, requerendo estudos mais aprofundados com o intuito de minimizar esse efeito para que se possa obter uma maior durabilidade das edificações construídas com essa
composiçãoGiven the imminent shortage of available natural resources and environmental problems arising from inadequate irregular deposition of waste in urban centers, this paper seeks to analyze the physical characteristics of blocks and aggregates, construction waste and demolition RCD from industry of construction and demolition of municipality of Petrolina-PE. The construction as any other productive sector is to produce waste due to waste and the demolition after use or disasters. One application for the residue is added as an alternative to replace all or part of natural, used for the production of blocks. The use of waste as aggregates for mortar and concrete do not have enough structural studies disseminated in the Brazilian and worldwide. In this work, we analyzed the feasibility of making the blocks with the use of recycled fine aggregate for use in masonry sealing and performance in the face of blocks with natural aggregates, manufactured in the municipality of Petrolina, using a dash pattern 1: 6 (cement: aggregate kid). The results indicated that replacing 25; 50; 75; and 100% of natural sand by recycled fine aggregate did not significantly affect the mechanical properties of blocks, whose resistance values reached 3,67 MPa, 2,63 MPa, 2,44 MPa e 2,03 MPa respectively. On the other hand, such replacement presents high porosity, requiring more detailed studies in order to minimize this effect for which to obtain greater durability of buildings constructed with that composition
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Traut, Michelle. "Recycled building materials : the likely impact on affordable housing in the Western Cape." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1057.
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Thesis (MTech (Built Environment))--Peninsula Technikon, 2001The construction industry globally, contributes between 18% and 24% of the GDP, and because of its labour intensive characteristics, contributes handsomely to total employment, forming important backward and forward linkages with the rest of the economy. Nevertheless, the extent and sophistication of these linkages crucially depend on the relative development of the construction industry relative to the overall economy. In the developing countries, these linkages are not very strong because of the use of informal materials, which is not commercialised and whose opportunity costs are often zero, and the huge imports of construction materials used in the modem sector of the economy. However, whether in the developed or developing economies, the construction industry is a major contributor to economic growth and development by providing the necessary infrastructure that facilitates production, consumption and recreational activities. In fulfilling these activities, the construction industry generates huge wastes of which only a tiny proportion are recycled and reused. However, in economies and countries where adequate and functional housing is a problem mainly due to lack of affordability, recycling and reuse of construction waste is a necessary prerequisite to enhancing housing affordability in these countries. This is the current situation that South Africa finds itself "''here because of its past history of 'apartheid', economic opportunities and amenities were denied to the blacks. There is nowhere that this deprivation is more pronounced than in the built environment sector where housing shortages and general disamenities prevail. High levels of unemployment further exacerbate the situation, - - which is a consequence of low skills and high illiteracy-rates. Thus, housing demand and supply by this group of the population are most likely, on the evidence available, to fall predominantly within the low-income housing category. Presently, all households falling into this category rely on financial assistance from the government to facilitate low-cost housing consumption because of pervasive poverty, which itself is due to the very high unemployment rate, illiteracy, lack of skills and general deprivation: a legacy of 'apartheid' policies enforced by previous government. The dilemma however is how to meet the huge housing demand within the limited resources available to the government on the one hand, and on the other, to satisfy such demand without compromising the environmental sustainability of the physical environment. Thus, the thesis aims to determine ways in which the construction industry could contribute to the sustainability of the carrying capacity of the biophysical environment and enhance social sustainability by facilitating affordability through the possible reductions to construction costs through recycling and reuse. By means of questionnaires and detailed interviews, underscored by a qualitative research approach, the potential of construction recycling and the possible contributions to environmental sustainability and housing affordability are determined. At completion, it is expected that this work will not only contribute to existing knowledge but would be of significance in terms of policy formulation to construction industry practitioners, central and local government policy makers, and other governmental and non-governmental organisations operating in the area of housing.
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Pelissari, Viviane. "Propriedades de concretos produzidos através da utilização de agregados reciclados de concreto." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1869.
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A reciclagem de resíduos constitui uma opção para amenizar o impacto ambiental resultante da quantidade expressiva de detritos gerados pelas atividades produtivas do segmento da construção. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a utilização de agregados graúdos reciclados de concreto (ARC) em substituição ao agregado graúdo natural (AGN) para a produção de concretos com resistência à compressão de 30 MPa. O programa experimental iniciou-se com a caracterização física e granulométrica do agregado graúdo reciclado de concreto (ARC), e posterior comparação com as propriedades do agregado graúdo natural (AGN). Com base no conhecimento dessas propriedades, deu-se início a etapa de produção dos concretos. Foram estudados diferentes procedimentos de forma a reduzir o efeito da absorção de água do concreto pelo agregado reciclado durante o estado fresco. Também foi avaliada a influência da utilização de diferentes teores (0, 10%, 20%, 50% e 100%) de substituição do agregado graúdo natural pelo agregado graúdo reciclado de concreto nas propriedades do estado fresco e do estado endurecido do concreto. Embora tenha se verificado uma redução nos valores de resistência em relação ao concreto de referência (sem a presença de ARC), os concretos alcançaram o valor especificado de resistência à compressão (30 MPa) para todas as porcentagens de substituição de AGN por ARC. Com relação às propriedades de módulo de elasticidade e resistência à tração por compressão diametral, verificou-se que a redução nos resultados se intensifica conforme aumenta a porcentagem de ARC incorporado à mistura. Os valores registrados para absorção de água, por sua vez, aumentavam gradativamente de forma proporcional à quantidade de ARC no concreto.The recycling of waste is an option to minimize the environmental impact of the significant amount of waste generated by production activities in the construction segment. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the use of recycled coarse aggregate concrete (ARC) to replace the natural coarse aggregate (AGN) for the production of concrete with compressive strength of 30 MPa. The experimental program began with physical and particle size characterization of the recycled coarse aggregate concrete (ARC), and for comparison with the properties of natural coarse aggregate (AGN). Based on the knowledge of these properties, the next step was the production of concrete. Different procedures to reduce the effect of absorption of water by recycled concrete aggregate at the fresh state were studied. Also it was evaluated the effect of using different amounts (0, 10%, 20%, 50% and 100%) replacement of the natural coarse aggregate for concrete recycled coarse aggregate in to the properties of concrete at the fresh state and at the hardened state. Although it has been verified a decrease in the compressive strength values in relation to the reference concrete (without the presence of ARC), for all AGN replacement percentages by ARC was reached the value specified compressive strength (30 MPa). With regard to the modulus of elasticity and splitting tensile strength, it was found that the reduction in results intensifies with increasing percentage of ARC incorporated into the mixture. The values recorded for water absorption, in turn, gradually increased in proportion to the amount of the ARC.
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Mok, Ka-ying, and 莫家英. "Pilot study on the use of public fill in seawall foundations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30732281.
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Alberici, Debora Fatima. "Rota sustentável dos resíduos de construção e demolição oriundos das obras de pequenos geradores: uma proposta para o município de São Carlos - SC." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2650.
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Constatam-se, atualmente, disposições irregulares de Resíduos de Construção e Demolição (RCD) nos diversos municípios brasileiros que, em sua maioria, são resultantes de pequenas obras ou reformas realizadas informalmente. Tal condição torna-se ainda mais recorrente em pequenos municípios, que não possuem a gestão de RCD em funcionamento efetivo nos moldes da legislação brasileira, não oferecendo, assim, opções adequadas de destinação e disposição final desses materiais. O aprimoramento da gestão dos RCD, além de ser uma ferramenta efetiva para o seu gerenciamento, é uma das estratégias para diminuir os impactos ambientais associados. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa objetiva propor uma rota sustentável para os resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD) oriundos das obras de pequenos geradores do município de São Carlos/SC, fazendo-o por meio da caracterização do gerenciamento dos RCD; de mapeamento do atual fluxo de processos da gestão de RCD oriundos dos pequenos geradores; da identificação do fluxo ideal de processos para a gestão dos RCD oriundos de pequenos geradores; da indicação de mudanças necessárias ao município para adequar o fluxo atual existente ao fluxo ideal e apresentação ao Poder Público de um estudo eficiente quanto ao fluxo dos RCD, apontando soluções quanto à destinação ou disposição final. Esta pesquisa foi realizada tendo como base teórica estudos já realizados sobre os RCD, a legislação vigente e as ferramentas de gestão de projetos, todos publicados em artigos científicos, dissertações, teses e livros. Como resultado, obteve-se o fluxo ideal, nomeado, neste trabalho, como Rota Sustentável dos RCD. O fluxo ideal possibilitou visualizar que os pequenos geradores não possuem uma opção ambientalmente correta para destinação de seus RCD, que o Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos (PMGIRS) não contempla os procedimentos pertinentes à gestão dos RCD e que precisa passar uma atualização, que a legislação municipal deverá ser alterada para adequação ao PMGIRS atualizado e que todas essas informações deverão chegar à comunidade, através da educação ambiental que deverá ser efetiva e contínua, devendo haver a fiscalização para alinhar: legislação federal > PMGIRS > legislação municipal > educação ambiental > ações concretas e ambientalmente adequadas. Conclui-se que esta pesquisa trouxe informações úteis ao município de São Carlos e que se essas informações forem disseminadas, certamente, resultarão em benefícios de ordem ambiental e social para o município e a sua região.Irregular provisions of construction and demolition waste (CDW) are now found in the various brazilian municipalities, which are mostly due to small works or informal reforms. This condition becomes even more recurrent in small municipalities, which do not have CDW management effectively in operation under the brazilian legislation, thus not offering adequate disposal and disposal options for these materials. Improving rcd management, besides being an effective tool for its management, is one of the strategies to reduce the associated environmental impacts. In view of the above, this research aims to propose a sustainable route for construction and demolition waste (CDW) from the works of small generators in the municipality of são carlos / sc. Through the characterization of the municipality about the CDW; mapping of the current flow of CDW management processes from small generators; identification of the ideal flow of processes for the management of CDW from small generators; indication of changes necessary to the municipality to adapt the existing current flow to the ideal flow and presentation to the public power of an efficient study on the flow of the CDW, pointing out solutions regarding the destination or final disposal. This research was carried out based on theoretical studies already done on CDW, current legislation and project management tools, published in scientific articles, dissertations, theses and books. As a result, we obtained the ideal flow, named in this work as sustainable CDW route. The ideal flow made it possible to visualize that the small generators do not have an environmentally correct option to dispose of their CDW, that the municipal integrated solid waste management plan (MISWMP) does not contemplate the procedures pertinent to the management of the CDW and needs to pass an update, which the municipal legislation should be changed to suit the updated MISWMP, that all this information should reach the community through environmental education that should be effective and continuous and that there should be the inspection to align: federal legislation>MISWMP> municipal legislation> environmental education > concrete and environmentally sound actions. It is concluded that this research has brought useful information to the municipality of São Carlos, and that if this information is disseminated, it will certainly result in environmental and social benefits for this municipality and its region.
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Soto, Nicolle Talyta Arriagada. "Avaliação do uso de agregado de resíduo de construção civil nas propriedades do concreto no slump para fabricação de artefatos de concreto." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2569.
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Uma das aplicações dos agregados provenientes da reciclagem dos resíduos de construção civil (ARC) é na fabricação de concretos no slump. Este tipo de concreto é utilizado na fabricação de peças conformadas por vibração e vibro compactação. Porém, as características dos agregados de ARC dificultam a dosagem desse tipo de concreto, pois ocorrem variações na trabalhabilidade dependendo da morfologia e absorção de água. O estudo da dosagem de ARC é importante pois ao ser utilizado altera as propriedades do concreto, em especial do concreto no slump, devido à necessidade de manter a forma imediatamente após a desmoldagem. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do agregado ARC nas características do concreto no slump, com a avaliação da influência do processo de fabricação na forma das partículas e da pré-molhagem do agregado nas propriedades reológicas e na resistência mecânica à compressão. Para isto, foram estudadas composições de concretos utilizando agregados reciclados com diferentes teores de excesso de pasta e diferentes relações água/cimento (a/c), além da composição sugerida pela ABCP para concretos utilizados em meio fio com agregados naturais. Com a composição que apresentou os melhores resultados e com o traço de referência foi realizada a análise do custo de fabricação de uma peça de meio-fio com cada um dos concretos, a fim de se avaliar o impacto econômico da substituição do agregado. Observou-se diferenças entre os agregados reciclados e naturais, tanto em relação as propriedades quanto a morfologia, fatos que resultaram em características distintas também nos concretos obtidos. No estudo da pré-molhagem foi possível observar que diferentes taxas de pré-molhagem resultaram em comportamentos distintos tanto no estado fresco como no endurecido, sendo obtida variação de 60% na resistência à compressão entre os teores de 75 e 65% de pré-molhagem. Com a obtenção de traços variando o excesso de pasta e a/c pode-se observar que a composição com a/c de 0,35 e teor de pasta de - 5% foi a que resultou em melhores características para a produção de peças submetidas à vibração. Apesar desta composição atingir o mínimo de 11 MPa exigido por norma para a fabricação de meio-fio, o custo para fabricação de uma peça de concreto com agregado reciclado foi 17% maior do que o custo com agregados naturais, resultado ligado ao maior consumo de cimento exigido pelo concreto com ARC para atingir a resistência exigida.One of the applications of aggregates from the recycling of civil construction waste (CCW) is in no slump concrete manufacturing. This type of concrete is used in the manufacture of parts shaped by vibration and vibrocompression, for example. However, the characteristics of CCW aggregates make it difficult to measure this type of concrete, since there are variations in the workability depending on the morphology and water absorption. The study of CCW aggregate is important because its use changes the concrete properties, especially in no slump concrete, due to the necessity to maintain the form immediately after the demolding. Therefore, the present work aim to evaluate the effect of the CCW aggregate on the no slump concrete characteristics, with the evaluation of the influence of the particle formation process and the pre-wetting of the aggregate on the rheological properties and the compression strength. For this, concrete compositions were studied using recycled aggregates with different contents of excess paste and different water/cement (a/c) ratios, in addition to the composition suggested by ABCP for concrete used in curb with natural aggregates. With the composition that presented the best results and with the reference mix design it was performed the analysis of the manufacturing cost of a piece of curb with each of the concretes, in order to evaluate the economic impact of the replacement of the aggregate. It was observed differences between the recycled and natural aggregates, both in relation to the properties and morphology, facts that resulted in different characteristics also in the concretes obtained. In the pre-wetting study, it was possible to observe that different pre-wetting rates resulted in different behaviors in both the fresh and hardened state, with a 60% variation in the compressive strength between 75 and 65% pre-wetting rates. By obtaining traces varying the excess of paste and a/c it can be observed that the composition with a/c of 0.35 and paste content of -5% was the one that resulted in better characteristics for the production of vibration pieces. Although this composition reached the minimum of 11 MPa required by standard for the production of curb, the cost for manufacturing a piece of concrete with recycled aggregate was 17% higher than the cost with natural aggregates, a result linked to the higher consumption of cement required by concrete with CCW to achieve the required strength.
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Gularte, Luis Carlos Pais. "Modelo de avaliação da viabilidade econômico-financeira da implantação de usinas de reciclagem de resíduos da construção civil em municípios brasileiros." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2338.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral desenvolver um modelo de avaliação da viabilidade econômico-financeira da implantação de Usinas de Reciclagem de Resíduos da Construção Civil e Demolição (URRCD) em municípios brasileiros. Para isso, avaliaram-se as expectativas de retorno e riscos associados à sua implantação. O levantamento de dados foi feito por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, questionários enviados a Usinas em funcionamento e visitas in loco em empresas do ramo. O modelo de avaliação proposto para o projeto de investimento em estudo foi realizado unindo-se o modelo de negócio Canvas, o plano de negócios, a metodologia multi-índice proposta por Souza e Clemente (2009) e ampliada por Lima et al. (2015) por meio do aplicativo Web $V€, a qual aborda as dimensões risco e retorno, envolvidas em um projeto de investimento. Também foi realizada uma análise de sensibilidade por meio dos limites de elasticidade e valores limites, buscando quantificar a vulnerabilidade dos resultados do projeto de investimento em relação às mudanças em uma variável, mantendo as demais inalteradas, além de uma análise estocástica utilizando a Simulação de Monte Carlo, como forma de melhorar a análise dos riscos envolvidos no projeto. A partir da proposição desse modelo, o mesmo foi aplicado em um estudo de caso no município de Pato Branco – PR. Os resultados encontrados mostram que há viabilidade econômico-financeira na implantação deste projeto de investimento, uma vez que o VPL médio é de cerca de R$ 583.919,87 e a recuperação do investimento se concretizará em 12 anos (Payback), através da Simulação de Monte Carlo, visualizou-se que há alta probabilidade (99,78%) de que o investimento na URRCD de Pato Branco - PR seja rentável. Entretanto, os índices de elasticidade mostraram que é preciso monitorar as receitas esperadas e os custos estimados com mais atenção, ou seja, será preciso um trabalho, por parte dos gestores da URRCD, em prol de sempre estarem buscando aumentar a demanda pelos agregados reciclados, como maneira de aumentar a receita da usina, desde que se respeite a sua capacidade de produção.This work had as main objective to develop an evaluation model for analyzing the economic and financial feasibility of installing a waste construction recycling plant in Brazilian municipalities. For this, it was evaluated the return expectations and risks associated with its implementation. The data collection was done through bibliographical and documentary research, questionnaires sent to operating plants and on-site visits in branch companies. The evaluation model proposed for the investment project study was performed using the business model Canvas, the business plan, the multi-index method proposed by Souza and Clemente (2009) and expanded by Lima et al. (2015) through the Web application SAEVIP, which addresses the dimensions of risks and returns involved in an investment project. Also a sensitivity analysis was performed, seeking to quantify the vulnerability of the results of the investment project in relation to changes in a variable, keeping unchanged the another ones, plus a stochastic analysis using Monte Carlo simulation, in order to improve the analysis of the risks involved in the project. From the model proposition, it was applied a case study in the Pato Branco - PR city. The results showed that there is economic and financial viability in the implementation of this investment project, since the average NPV is about R$ 583,919.87 and the investment recovery will materialize in 12 years (Payback), through Monte Carlo Simulation it was observed that there is a high probability (99.78%) that the investment in the URRCD of Pato Branco - PR be profitable. However, the elasticity indices showed that it is necessary to monitor the expected revenues and the estimated costs with more attention, that is, it will require a work by the managers of the URRCD, in favor of always seeking to increase the demand for the recycled aggregates, as a way to increase the revenue of the plant, as long as it does not exceed its production capacity.
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Cardoso, José Ribamar de Abreu. "Uso do agregado de entulho da construção civil de Manaus - AM para obtenção de bloco de argamassa celular." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2010. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/184.
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Programa de mestrado interinstitucional UTFPR/IFAM - MINTER/MANAUSNa construção civil tem-se procurado mecanismos por meio de novas técnicas que possibilitem viabilizar a sustentabilidade dessa atividade produtiva, espeitando às questões ambientais e a tendência de escassez dos recursos naturais. A indústria da construção civil tem buscado na reciclagem dos resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD) uma forma de atenuar o impacto ambiental e buscar uma fonte alternativa de matéria-prima. Associado a essa preocupação, grandes centros consumidores da região Amazônica, como Manaus, utilizam agregados para produção de concretos e argamassas minerados dos leitos dos rios e trazidos de grandes distâncias. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a obtenção de blocos de argamassa celular para alvenarias, utilizando agregados de RCD em substituição aos agregados convencionais. Os blocos de argamassa celular são largamente utilizados na Europa como elementos de alvenaria devido à capacidade de isolamento térmico e acústico, parâmetros esse de grande relevância para um elemento construtivo também em regiões de clima quente. Em Manaus existem empresas que constroem habitações com argamassa celular monolítica, ou seja, todas as alvenarias da residência são moldadas em uma única etapa. Assim, após obtenção e caracterização da fração cinza de RCD, foi utilizada uma composição comercial de argamassa celular para analisar a substituição dos agregados alternativos pelo RCD. Com isso buscou-se também obter uma dosagem mais econômica, com resistência mecânica exigida pela norma brasileira para blocos e minimizar o impacto ambiental de argamassas celulares convencionais. Os resultados técnicos foram favoráveis, com potencial para consumir agregados de RCD, contribuindo assim na gestão ambiental desse resíduo da construção civil.
In building construction, we have searched for mechanisms through new technologies which enable the sustainability of this productive activity, respecting the environmental issues and the shortage of natural products. Civil construction industry has searched for construction and demolition recycling (RCD) as a way of mitigating the environmental impact and a way of seeking for an alternative source of raw material. Associated with this concern, large consumer centers in the Amazon region, such as Manaus, have been using aggregates to produce concrete and mortar mined from the riverbeds and brought from great distances. This work aims to study the acquisition of blocks of masonry mortar cell, using clusters of RCD as a substitute for conventional aggregate. The blocks of mortar cell are widely used in Europe as masonry units due to their thermal and acoustic isolation abilities, which constitute very important parameters for building elements in warm climates. In Manaus, there are companies that build houses with mortar and monolithic cells, i.e., all the walls of the residence are molded in a single step. Thus, after obtaining and characterizing the ash fraction of RCD, we used a commercial composition of mortar cell to analyze the substitution of the alternative aggregates by RCD. With this procedure we searched to obtain a more economic dosage with the strength required by the Brazilian standard blocks and minimize the environmental impact of conventional mortar cells. The technique results were positive, with the potential of consuming RCD aggregates, thus contributing to the environmental management of this civil construction waste.
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Alekseev, Kirill. "Hazardous bauxite residue, blast furnace slag, and foundry sand application as the main components for environmentally friendly red ceramics production." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2868.
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Nesta pesquisa foram utilizados resíduos da produção de alumínio e ferro. Resíduo de bauxita, que também é chamado de rejeitos de bauxita ou lama vermelha, e escória siderúrgica são os principais resíduos da indústria metalúrgica. Também foi utilizada areia de fundição, que é um resíduo do processo de fundição. Estes três componentes foram utilizados em conjunto para desenvolver material cerâmico de construção. A idéia principal era usar apenas resíduos industriais, sem materiais naturais tradicionais. Os residuos de vidro e as cinzas de madeira foram adicionados às composições para deminuir o ponto de fusão das amostras. Na pesquisa, 24 composições foram queimadas a 800-1225°C e suas propriedades foram estudadas. As características mecânicas das amostras foram analisadas através do teste de resistência à flexão, medindo-se a absorção de água, densidade e retração linear. As propriedades físico-quimicas foram estudadas por XRF, XRD, AAS, SEM, EDS, LAMMA, mapeamento, DTA e TGA. O principal motivo para os resultados elevados de resistência à flexão (19,78 MPa) das amostras foi identificado como o desenvolvimento de novas formações amorfas. Como resultado da pesquisa, algumas composições foram sugeridas para a produção específica de materiais de construção. Composições contendo lama vermelha (40- 100%), escória siderúrgica (0-50%), areia de fundição (0-50%), resíduo de vidro (0-20%) e cinzas de madeira (0-20%), atenderam normas e regulamentos brasileiros para materiais de construção, podem substituir materiais cerâmicos tradicionais, que envolvem a enorme exploração de recursos naturais.In the presented research were used residues of aluminum and iron production. Bauxite residue, which is also called bauxite tailings or red mud, and blast furnace slag are the key wastes of metallurgical industry. There was also used foundry sand, which is a residue of casting process. These three components were used together to develop ceramic construction material. The main idea was to use industrial wastes only, no traditional natural materials. The waste glass and wood ash were added to the compositions in order to decrease melting point of the samples. In the research 24 compositions were sintered at 800-1225°C and their properties were studied. Their mechanical characteristics were analyzed using flexural strength test, measuring water absorption, density, and linear shrinkage. Physicochemical properties were studied by XRF, XRD, AAS, SEM, EDS, LAMMA, mapping, DTA, and TGA. The main reason for high results of flexural strength (19.78 MPa) of the samples was identified as a development of new amorphous formations. As a result of research, some compositions were suggested for specific construction materials production. Compositions containing red mud (40-100%), blast furnace slag (0-50%), foundry sand (0-50%), waste glass (0-20%), and wood ash (0-20%), according to Brazilian Norms and regulations for construction materials, may substitute traditional ceramic materials, which involve enormous exploration of natural resources.
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Hackbart, Fernanda Meireles. "Material para construção civil a partir de lodo de estação de tratamento de água, lama de polimento de mármore e resíduo de produção de cal." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1699.
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O crescimento populacional acelerado é o grande motivador para o desenvolvimento do setor da construção civil e o aumento na demanda por água potável, tendo como consequência, um aumento gradativo na geração de resíduos sólidos. Dessa forma, este trabalho foi realizado com o intuito de reciclar resíduos industriais e municipais incorporando-os em materiais para a construção civil. O compósito produzido a partir de lodo de estação de tratamento de água e lama de polimento de mármore, aplicando resíduo de produção de cal como ligante, foi avaliado quanto ao seu desempenho mecânico e sua estrutura morfológica. As matérias-primas foram caracterizadas quanto sua composição química, mineralógica,morfológica, granulométrica e, também, o teor de umidade. Com os materiais caracterizados, foram desenvolvidas nove composições variando-se o teor de lodo de estação de tratamento de água entre 25 e 50%, o teor de lama de polimento de mármore entre 35 e 50% e o resíduo de produção de cal entre 10 e 30%. Os compósitos foram submetidos a ensaios de resistência mecânica, absorção de água, análise química, mineralógica e morfológica. Os materiais desenvolvidos apresentaram, no 3° dia de cura, valor de resistência mecânica máxima de 4,65 MPa, no 7° dia 6,36 MPa, no 14° dia 6,74 MPa, no 28° dia 5,98 MPa, no 60° dia 8,52 MPa, no 90° dia 11,75 MPa e no 180° dia 12,06 MPa. Os valores de absorção de água aos 28 dias de cura variaram de 16,27 a 26,32% e aos 90 dias, de 13,57 a 23,56%.The rapid population growth is the great motivator for the development of the construction industry and the increased demand for drinking water, resulting in a gradual increase in the generation of solid waste. Thus, this work was carried out in order to recycle industrial and municipal wastes incorporating them into materials for civil construction. The composite produced from water treatment sludge and marble polishing mud, applying lime production waste as a binder, was evaluated for its mechanical performance and its morphological structure. The raw materials were characterized for their chemical composition, mineralogy, morphology, particle size and also the moisture content. With the featured materials nine compositions have been developed varying the content of the water treatment sludge between 25 to 50%, marble polishing mud between 35 to 50% and the lime production waste between 10 to 30%. The composites were subjected to mechanical strength tests, water absorption, chemical and mineralogical composition and morphology. The developed materials presented, on the 3rd day of hydration, maximum strength value of 4.65 MPa, the 7th day 6.36 MPa, on the 14th day 6.74 MPa, the 28th day 5.98 MPa, on the 60th day 8.52 MPa at 90th day 11.75 MPa and 180th day 12.06 MPa. The water absorption values after 28 days of hydration ranged from 16.27% to 26.32% and after 90 days, from 13.57% to 23.56%.
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Macioski, Gustavo. "Estudo da álcali-ativação de pó de blocos cerâmicos com cal hidratada." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2389.
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Materiais cerâmicos provenientes de blocos e telhas presentes nos resíduos da construção civil são considerados contaminantes na produção de agregados reciclados, pois apresentam reduzida resistência mecânica à compressão e ao impacto, além de elevada porosidade. Estas características fazem com que argamassas e concretos produzidos com agregados reciclados mistos tenham baixa resistência à compressão e elevada absorção de água, devido a porosidade intrínseca desses agregados. Como uma alternativa para o aproveitamento tecnológico deste tipo de material, a cerâmica passou a ser estudada como matéria prima da álcali-ativação, seja por meio da combinação direta com a cal hidratada ou como adição ao cimento Portland (reação pozolânica). O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a álcali-ativação de pó de blocos cerâmicos com cal hidratada, visando propriedades aglomerantes, para estudar o potencial pozolânico do agregado reciclado misto. Para isso, o estudo foi realizado em três etapas: avaliação da reatividade do pó de blocos cerâmicos em função da temperatura de sinterização; avaliação da reatividade do pó de blocos cerâmicos em função do tamanho das partículas e do tipo de ativador básico utilizado e, avaliação da cinética da reação de álcali-ativação em função da relação molar SiO2/CaO, além do método de cura. A partir dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que a reatividade do pó de blocos cerâmicos sofre influência da temperatura de sinterização da argila e do tamanho das partículas. O bloco cerâmico comercial não atingiu os requisitos físicos para ser classificado como pozolana, obtendo no ensaio Chapelle o valor de 305 mg de Ca(OH)2 fixadas por grama de pozolana e 5,5 MPa de resistência mecânica com a cal no ensaio IAP. A adição de Ca(OH)2 no pó de blocos cerâmicos, com relação molar SiO2/CaO igual a 2,75, proporcionou a maior resistência mecânica à compressão, quando curada a 77 ºC e 90% de umidade relativa, atingindo 8,5 MPa aos 28 dias. No decorrer da reação de álcali-ativação do pó de blocos cerâmicos, observou-se baixo calor de hidratação e acelerado consumo de Portlandita. Ao final da reação, foi possível a determinação de fases de silicato de cálcio e silicato de alumínio hidratados por meio de difratometria de raios X e morfologias reticulares pelo ensaio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura.Ceramic materials from bricks and tiles present in construction waste are considered contaminants in the production of recycled aggregates, as they have a low compressive and impact strength, as well as high porosity. These characteristics make mortars and concretes produced with mixed recycled aggregates have low compressive strength and high water absorption due to the porosity of the recycled aggregates. As an alternative to the technological use of this type of material, the ceramic has been studied as an alkali-activation raw material, either by direct combination with hydrated lime or as an addition to Portland cement (pozzolan reaction). The aim of this work is to study the alkali-activation of ceramic bricks powder with hydrated lime, aiming binding properties. For this, the study was carried out in three stages: evaluation of the reactivity of the ceramic bricks powder as a function of the burning temperature; evaluation of the reactivity of the ceramic bricks powder as a function of the particle distribution; and the evaluation of the alkaliactivation reaction kinetics as a function of the SiO2/CaO molar ratio, as well as the cure method. From the results obtained, it was observed that the reactivity of the ceramic bricks powder is influenced by the burning temperature of the clay and the size of the particles. The commercial ceramic bricks did not meet the physical requirements to be classified as pozzolan, obtaining in the Chapelle test the value of 305 mg of Ca(OH)2 fixed by gram of pozzolan and 5.5 MPa of compressive strength with lime in the IAP test. The addition of Ca(OH)2 in the ceramic bricks powder whose SiO2/CaO molar ratio was 2.75 gave the highest compressive strength when cured at 77 °C and 90% of relative humidity, reaching 8.5 MPa at 28 days. In the course of the alkali-activation reaction of the ceramic bricks powder, it was observed low hydration heat and accelerated portlandite consumption. At the end of the reaction it was possible to determine calcium silicate and aluminum silicate hydrated phases by X-ray diffraction and reticular morphologies by the scanning electron microscopy.
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Pedroso, Daniela Evaniki. "Compósitos a base de resíduos de concreto, lodo de anodização de alumínio e resíduos da produção de cal." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2028.
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CNPqEste trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver novos compósitos para construção civil e pesquisar mudanças nas propriedades mecânicas e nas estruturas morfológicas durante os períodos de cura de: 3, 7, 14, 28, 60 e 90, 180 dias e 1 ano. Foram desenvolvidas 23 composições utilizando como matérias primas resíduos de concreto, lodo da anodização de alumínio e resíduos da produção da cal. Para cada composição foram moldados 60 corpos de prova de 20mm x 20mm e compactadas as misturas com pressão de 10 MPa, com tempo de permanência desta pressão de 30 s. Os resultados dos ensaios de resistência à compressão uniaxial, absorção de água e dilatação prevaleceram às demandas das Normas Brasileiras. Dentre todas as composições destaca-se a de número 17, visto que não incorpora um valor muito alto de resíduo da produção de cal e sua resistência aumenta com o passar do tempo. Esta composição obteve resistência à compressão de 6,76MPa aos 28 dias de cura e 12,48MPa aos 180 dias de cura, também foram realizadas análises de processos físico-químicos de formação de estruturas, para explicação deste ganho de resistência.
The aim of presented research was to develop new composites for construction and analyze changes of mechanical properties and morphological structures during the healing periods: 3, 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90 and 180 days and 1 years. There were developed 23 compositions using concrete waste, sludge from anodizing aluminum process and waste of lime production as raw materials. For each composition 60 samples of 20mm x 20mm cylinder size were extracted with pressure of 10 MPa, which was kept for 30 seconds for each specimen. The results of the uniaxial compression resistance, water absorption and expansion tests exceeded Brazilian Standards. Among all compositions the number 17 is highlighted, since it does not contain high amount of lime production waste and its resistance increases over time. This composition reached compressive strength resistance of 6,76MPa after 28 days of healing and 12,48MPa over 180 days, analysis of physical-chemical processes was also carried out in order to explain high strength gain.
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Cusma, Daniel Fernandes. "Compósitos à base de resíduos da recuperação química da produção Kraft de celulose." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1424.
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Cada vez mais, os resíduos industriais são vistos como uma fonte alternativa de materiais a serem utilizados na construção civil. Dessa maneira, realizou-se a pesquisa com o objetivo de analisar a utilização de resíduos da Caustificação: dregs, grits e lama de cal, originados de uma fábrica de celulose Kraft do Espírito Santo, utilizando cal residual como ligante. Os teores de dregs variaram entre 0 e 45 %, os de grits de 0 à 45 %, os de lama de cal de 0 à 30 % e a cal residual variou entre 10 e 25 %. Os corpos de prova cilíndricos de 20 x 20 mm apresentaram valores máximos de resistência à compressão uniaxial, no 3° dia de cura de 5,9 MPa, no 7° dia de 7,9 MPa, no 14° dia de 9,3 MPa, no 60° dia de 18,5 MPa e no 180° dia de 19,3 MPa. Através dos métodos de Fluorescência de Raio-X, Difração de Raio-X, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura e Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva foram determinadas as interações físico-química dos componentes das misturas iniciais e os processos de formação das estruturas dos novos materiais. O aumento dos valores das propriedades mecânicas observadas durante a cura ocorre em função da dissolução das superfícies das partículas sólidas dos componentes em ambiente alcalino, ocasionando à síntese das novas formações amorfas e cristalinas, especialmente da calcita. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram concluir que os resíduos da Caustificação associados ao Resíduo da Produção de Cal podem ser utilizados como matéria prima em compósitos destinados à construção civil.Increasingly the industrial wastes are used with alternative source of raw material in the civil construction. Thus, the study was conducted with the objective to analyze the use of wastes from chemical recovery of Kraft pulp production: dregs, grits and cal mud, generated for one Kraft pulp industry of Espírito Santo, Brazil, and waste from the lime production using as a binding agent. The concentration of dregs varied between 0 and 45 %, grits - between 0 and 45%, cal mud – between 0 and 30 % and waste of lime production ranged between 10 and 25%. The maximum values of materials for uniaxial compressive strength on the 3-rd day of curing was 5.89 MPa, on the 7-th day – 7.95 MPa, on the 14-th day – 9.35 MPa, on the 60-th day – 18.52 MPa and on the 180-th day it reached the value of 19.34 MPa. Through the methods X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy were determined physical-chemical interaction of the components to initial mixtures and the processes for structures formation of new materials, which can explain the values of mechanical properties during curing. They occurred due to dissolving of the solid particles surfaces of the components in an alkaline environment and to synthesis of new formations, amorphous and crystalline, especially of calcite. The results of the study indicate that the waste from chemical recovery can be used in the production of composites for civil construction.
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Molinetti, Andréa. "Utilização de resíduos de argamassa, lodo de anodização de alumínio e cal para a formação de um novo compósito." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3115.
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Os resíduos decorrentes da construção civil apresentam, na maioria das vezes, a predominância de materiais inertes e passíveis de reaproveitamento, que não tem em grande parte uma finalidade. Esta dissertação apresenta uma abordagem sobre destinação correta dos resíduos, utilizando resíduos de argamassa, lodo de anodização de alumínio e cal para a formação de um novo compósito. O maior objetivo desta dissertação é caracterizar os materiais como componentes de novos compósitos para a construção civil, além de identificar novas composições (ao todo são 13 composições) atendendo as normas e leis existentes, analisar os processos físico-químicos, determinar as propriedades mecânicas e adaptar tecnologias existentes no processo de fabricação, além de destinar sem danos ambientais todas as matérias primas. Para análises físico-químicas e mecânicas foram estudados os seguintes parâmetros: resistência uniaxial média, absorção de água, densidade aparente, retração linear, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectrometria por energia dispersiva, difração de raios-X e espectrometria de fluorescência de raios-X (FRX). Dentre as 13 composições foram escolhidas as composições 4 e 11 para analisar mais o comportamento físico-químico. A resistência à compressão média uniaxial, aos 90 dias da composição 11 alcançou 9,18 MPa, com coeficiente de absorção de água de 12%, a retração foi de 1,53% e a densidade ao longo de 180 dias de cura variou apenas 4%. Os estudos físico-químicos identificaram a presença de Carbono, Sódio, Magnésio, Alumínio, Silício e Cálcio na composição 11, e através do MEV e FRX foi possível identificar que se trata de uma estrutura amorfa. Através desses estudos propõe-se alternativas que sejam revertidas em vantagens sociais e ambientais, tais como a fabricação de blocos vazados de concreto simples para alvenaria sem função estrutural, blocos cerâmicos para alvenaria de vedação, tijolos maciços para a alvenaria em relação a categoria A, entre outros.Waste from the construction, have in most cases the predominance of inerts materials and insusceptible reuse, which has a few purpose. This dissertation presents an approach on the correct disposal of this waste, using mortar residue, anodizing aluminum sludge and lime to form a new composite. The main objective of this project is to characterize the materials as components of new composites for the construction industry, and identify new compositions (they are 13 compositions) meet the existing standards and laws, analyze the physical and chemical processes, determine the mechanical properties and adapting existing technologies in the manufacturing process, beyond to appropriate correctly without environmental damage for all the materials. For physical-chemical and mechanical analysis, the following parameters were studied: resistance average uniaxial, water absorption, apparent density, linear retraction, environment-scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray, x-ray diffraction and x-ray fluorescence. Between the 13 compositions, chosen compositions 4 and 11 to analyze the behavior. The average uniaxial compressive strength at 90 days composition 11 reached 9,18 MPa with 12% water absorption coefficient, the shrinkage was 1,53% and the density over 180 days varied only 4%. The physic-chemical studies have identified the presence of Carbon, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicon and Calcium in the composition 11 and about scanning electron microscopy and XRF identified that it is an amorphous structure. Through these studies, it was possible to propose alternatives that are reversed in social and environmental benefits, such as the manufacture of simple concrete hollow blocks brickwork without structural function, ceramic blocks for sealing brickworks and solid bricks for brickworks in relation to category A, among others.
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Kochem, Keila. "Potencialidades de logística reversa do resíduo de gesso da indústria da construção civil." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2951.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo teve por objetivo geral delinear o atual panorama de gerenciamento de resíduo de construção e demolição (RCD) e a geração de resíduos de gesso (RGs) no estado do Paraná, identificando as principais potencialidades de aproveitamento do resíduo de gesso no que se refere à logística reversa. Paralelamente realizou-se o diagnóstico do gerenciamento de RCD e RG nos 20 maiores municípios geradores de resíduo do estado do PR, por meio da aplicação de questionários auto preenchidos. O RCD da cidade de Cascavel foi caracterizado segundo NBR 10.004 e o RG, por sua vez foi caracterizado quanto às propriedades físico-químicas (Composição Química, Massa específica, Massa unitária, Análise Granulométrica, Análise Termogravimétrica, e Absorção de Água). Por meio de levantamento bibliográfico fez-se a compilação dos principais estudos voltados ao aproveitamento/reciclagem do RG. Com base no levantamento sobre os potenciais receptores de resíduos de gesso no Estado Paraná, que poderiam absorver os RGs como matéria-prima, foram projetados fluxos para a logística reversa do gesso, sendo realizada a análise econômica para o aproveitamento do RG como matéria-prima na produção de cimento. Com base no estudo realizado, o panorama de gerenciamento de RCD no estado do Paraná leva a concluir que o gerenciamento de RCD ainda é um desafio. Na maioria dos municípios somente uma parte dos RCDs é coletada e encaminhada a unidades de disposição adequadas. A reciclagem de RCD é incipiente e as políticas voltadas ao gerenciamento de RCD estão em fase de amadurecimento. Em relação aos RGs, não há separação deste resíduo e a logística reversa seguida de reaproveitamento/reciclagem é praticamente inexistente. A amostragem dos RCDs gerados no município de Cascavel demonstrou uma composição de RCD parecido com a maioria dos municípios brasileiros (“Classe A” 86,29 %; “Classe B” 12,36%; “Classe C” 0,29 % e “Classe D” 1,05 %). Em relação à caracterização do RG comum e acartonado, os resultados indicam que RG possuem propriedades físico-químicas compatíveis com a matéria-prima natural (Gipsita), o qual pode ser reaproveitado como material de construção a partir de processos simples de tratamento. Entre as principais formas de reaproveitamento/reciclagem identificadas no presente estudo, a utilização como matéria-prima na indústria do cimento é a alternativa mais concreta no momento, já que as cimenteiras demonstram interesse na utilização desse material. Paralelamente esta alternativa possui mercado consumidor certo (cimenteiras) que demanda grandes volumes. No entanto, existe a necessidade de uma regularidade no envio das cargas de RG às cimenteiras, com garantia de fornecimento desse material, em volume e periodicidade de envio. Nesse sentido, maiores volumes sendo recebidos e processados poderiam diluir os custos e reduzir o preço da tonelada do gesso reciclado, o que demonstra que a necessidade de se trabalhar com regiões, bem como considerar a alternativa do reaproveitamento local.The present study, had as general objective to design the current construction and demolition waste (CDW) and the generation of gypsum waste (WG) in the state of Paraná, identifying the main potential of the use of plaster residue in relation to reverse logistics. At the same time, the diagnosis of CDW and GW management was carried out in the 20 largest municipalities that generate waste in the State of Paraná, through the application of self-filled questionnaires.The CDW of Cascavel was characterized according to NBR 10.004 and the WG, was characterized as physicochemical properties (Chemical Composition, Specific Mass, Unit Mass, Particle Size Analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and Water Absorption). Through a bibliographical survey was made the compilation of the main studies related to the use / recycling of the GW. Based on the survey on the potential receptors for WG in the State of Paraná, which could absorb GW as feedstock, was elaborated flows for the reverse logistics of gypsum, made the economic analysis for the use of WG as raw material in the production of cement. Based on the study, the CDW management landscape in the state of Paraná leads to the conclusion that the management of CDW is still a challenge in the state. In most municipalities only a portion of the CDW are collected and destined to adequate disposal units, and CDW recycling is incipient and the policies aimed at the management of CDW are in the process of maturing. There is no separation of GW and reverse logistics followed by reuse / recycling is practically non-existent. The CDW sampling generated in the municipality of Cascavel showed an CWD composition similar to most Brazilian municipalities (Class A 86.29%, Class B 12.36%, Class C 0.29% and Class D 1.05%).In relation to the characterization of the WG, the results indicate that have physicochemical properties compatible with the natural Gypsum, which can be reused as construction material from simple treatment processes. Among the main forms of reuse / recycling identified in the present study, the use as in the cement industry is the best alternative at the moment, since the cement plants show interest in the use of this material and are located in regions close to the generation sites studied here. At the same time, this alternative has a certain consumer market (cement industries) that demands large volumes. Economic viability studies have demonstrated that the WG processing received in Cascavel for use in cement manufacturing may be a viable alternative.However, there is a need for regularity in the send of WG loads to cement plants, with a guarantee of supply of this material, in volume and periodicity of shipment. In this sense, larger volumes being received and processed could dilute costs and reduce the price of the tonne of recycled gypsum, which demonstrates the need to work with regions as well as consider the alternative of local reuse.
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Soares, Raimundo Nonato Belo. "Resíduo de construção e demolição e EPS reciclado como alternativa de agregados para a Região Amazônica: aplicação em blocos para alvenaria." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2010. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/185.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho desenvolvido através do projeto de mestrado interinstitucional - MINTER - entre a UTFPR e o IFAM - Manaus, financiado pela CAPES e pela SUFRAMA.Financiado pela CAPES e pela SUFRAMA.
No estado do Amazonas a questão do gerenciamento dos Resíduos de Construção e Demolição (RCD) merece atenção e soluções que sejam sustentáveis dos pontos de vista ambiental, econômico e social. O RCD gerado, bem como o Poliestireno Expandido (EPS), ainda são descartados ou conduzidos às lixeiras com os agravantes da inexistência de um projeto de gestão, visto haverem problemas com inundações, poluição dos mananciais e, significativa ocupação nos lixões controlados pelo poder público, dentre outros. Outro aspecto relevante refere-se ao uso, pela construção civil, de agregados como o seixo rolado e granito, o primeiro extraído de rios e transportado em balsas percorrendo distâncias superiores a 700 km e o segundo explorado a distâncias superiores a 150 km da cidade de Manaus, causando alto impacto ambiental e elevado custo de logística. Neste contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade técnica da produção de concreto alternativo utilizando RCD e EPSR(Poliestireno Expandido Reciclado) obtido após processo de extrusão e moagem na forma de agregado graúdo ou miúdo. Os RCDs (de concreto) selecionados em obras e britados, bem como, o EPSR foram analisados granulometricamente com a finalidade de serem incorporados à concretos aplicados a fabricação de blocos de alvenaria. Os blocos produzidos foram analisados quanto a resistência mecânica e também quanto à absorção de água. O EPSR possui baixa densidade e contribui para a obtenção de blocos mais leves.
In the Amazon State, the issue of management concerning construction and demolition waste (C&D) deserves attention and solutions that are sustainable from environmental, economical and social standpoints. The RCD produced as well as the expanded polystyrene (EPS), are still discharged in inappropriate places or taken to the dumpsters with the worsening provided by the lack of a management project such as: floods pollution of the water resources (rivers lakes and others) and significant space occupation in the landfills controlled by the city council, among others. Another aspect, related with the civil engineering sector, refers to the usage of components like the pebbles and granite, the first one extracted from rivers and transported by ferries within distances over 700 km and the second one explored within distances over 150 km from Manaus City, causing high environmental impact and high logistics cost. The goal of this research was to study the technical feasibility of producing alternative concrete using RCD and post-consumpting EPS extruded and crushed to transform it in aggregate. The RCDs (of concrete) selected in construction sites and crushed, as well as the EPSR (expanded polystyrene recycled) were analyzed in its granulometric distribution to be used as aggregate on the concrete composition features to obtain wall blocks. The produced blocks were analyzed mechanically and also regarding the water absorption level. The EPSR has low density and contributing to the production of lighter blocks.
5000-11-25
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Leviski, Anderson. "Utilização de agregados de RCC e resíduo de polimento de placas cimentícias em artefatos de concreto." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2906.
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A Construção Civil é um dos setores que mais consomem matérias-primas e também gera resíduos sólidos urbanos. É importante, que se consuma menos matérias-primas e que sejam aproveitados estes resíduos gerados. Uma das propostas para esta situação seria reciclar estes resíduos e transformá-los em agregados e filers, para então usá-los na produção de concretos. Ainda se encontram muitas barreiras para utilização destes agregados e filers em concretos, com e sem função estrutural e, dentre os principais motivos está a dificuldade de se alcançar resistências similares as dos concretos produzidos com matérias-primas naturais. Devido a este fato, foi proposto um estudo para analisar a influência do empacotamento de partículas nos agregados reciclados e ainda verificar a possibilidade de uso do filer de pó do polimento das placas de concreto para revestimento de piso. Inicialmente foram caracterizados dois lotes de agregados reciclados e apenas o de resíduo de concreto (ARC) foi considerado adequado para o estudo. Foram propostos três planejamentos experimentais compostos por mistura simplex com 4 fatores das misturas, contendo além dos agregados, filer e cimento Portland CP-V. Foram realizados estudos sobre as massas unitárias das amostras, para cada um dos planejamentos, considerando toda a faixa granulométrica, e também, amostras sem o material passante pela peneira com abertura de 0,150 mm. A quantidade de água foi determinada pelo consistômetro de Vebe, e a partir deste dado foi calculado o excesso de pasta. Após a obtenção dos corpos de prova, sob vibrocompactação, foi determinado o comportamento da resistência mecânica e da absorção de água. A análise dos resultados mostrou que o melhor empacotamento de partículas dos agregados ocorre na faixa de 42% a 58% de pedrisco. O filer utilizado em grandes quantidades, aumenta significativamente o consumo de água de amassamento e o de excesso de pasta, e por consequência, o aumento da absorção de água e perda de resistência do concreto seco. Entretanto, em quantidades menores que o volume de poros, a inclusão do filer é aceitável, pois não há afastamento das partículas. Conclui-se que, na faixa granulométrica estudada não houve alteração de resistência mecânica, sendo o fator preponderante a concentração de cimento. As resistências à compressão observadas mostram que estes agregados podem ser utilizados na fabricação de artefatos de concreto, como por exemplo, produção de blocos de vedação.Civil Construction is one of the sectors that consumes the rawest materials and also generates municipal solid waste. It is important that less raw materials are consumed and that waste generated is used. One of the proposals for this situation would be to recycle these wastes and turn them into aggregates and filers and then use them in the production of concrete. There are still many barriers to the use of these aggregates and filers in concrete, with and without structural function, and among the main reasons is the difficulty of achieving similar resistance to concrete produced with natural raw materials. Due to this fact, a study was proposed to analyze the influence of the packing of particles in the recycled aggregates and to verify the possibility of using the filter of powder of the polishing of the concrete plates for floor covering. Initially, two batches of recycled aggregates were characterized and only that of concrete residue was considered adequate for the study. Three experimental schedules were proposed, composed of 4 factors of the mixtures, plus the aggregates, filer and Portland cement CP-V. Samples were analyzed for the sample masses, considering the entire grain size range, as well as samples without material passing through the sieve with a 0.150 mm opening. The amount of water was determined by the Vebe consist meter, and from this data, the excess paste was calculated. After the test specimens were obtained, under vibrarocompaction, the behavior of the mechanical resistance and the water absorption were determined. The analysis of the results showed that the best packaging of particles of the aggregates occurs in the range of 42% to 58% of hail. The filer used in large quantities significantly increases the consumption of kneading water and excess paste, and consequently, increased water absorption and loss of strength of dry concrete. However, in smaller amounts than the pore volume, the inclusion of the filer is acceptable, since there is no separation of the particles. It was concluded that in the granulometric range studied, there was no change in mechanical strength, being the preponderant factor the concentration of cement. The observed compressive strengths show that these aggregates can be used in the manufacture of concrete artifacts, such as the production of sealing blocks.
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Pan, Roberto Chun Yan. "Desenvolvimento de novos compósitos destinado a materiais de construção civil, com base em resíduos industriais de solo de decapagem, lodo e sedimentos de dragagem do porto de Antonina e cal virgem comum." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1376.
Full textAbstract:
Pesquisa realizada para analisar o compósito de solo de decapagem (SD) considerado resíduos nas jazidas de minérios, em especial de calcário do município de Almirante Tamandaré, da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba neste trabalho, juntamente com o lodo e sedimentos de dragagem marinha do Porto de Antonina, no Estado do Paraná, e o uso cal virgem comum, como aglomerante pertencente à região de Almirante Tamandaré. Foram utilizados vários teores dos materiais para a determinação de 12 (doze) compósitos. Para o solo de decapagem os teores variaram entre 30% a 60%, para o material de dragagem os teores variaram entre 20% a 50% e o teor de aglomerante de cal virgem comum variou entre 15% a 30%. Foram moldadas idades de cura de 3 dias, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, 180 e 365 dias. O aumento da resistência à compressão durante a cura foi proveniente das reações químicas das partículas sólidas das matérias-primas em ambiente alcalino gerando novas formações amorfas. Também foram analisados os materiais nos métodos de MEV com EDS, DRX e FRX, para a obtenção da composição química e formação estrutural dos novos compósitos. Todos os resultados da resistência à compressão uniaxial, com 28 dias de cura ao meio ambiente das 12 (doze) composições, obtiveram resultados médios de 7,7 MPa, atendendo satisfatoriamente a norma NBR 7170:1983 que determina a resistência à compressão igual ou acima de 4,0 MPa, destinada à produção de materiais de construção para alvenaria de vedação, sem fins estruturais. Comprovando o uso desses compósitos em materiais de construção civil, principalmente para os segmentos de blocos ou tijolos de vedações, sem fins estruturais, sem a necessidade de cozimento ou empreendimento de energia calorífica para a cura das peças, contribuindo para o meio ambiente e a sustentabilidade ambiental.Research conducted to analyze the composite with pickling soil (SD), considered waste in mineral deposits, especially of limestone in the city of Almirante Tamandaré, the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba in this work, along with the sludge and marine dredging sediment from the Port of Antonina, State of Paraná, and use the common quicklime as binder belonging to the same region of Almirante Tamandaré. Various amounts of materials were used for the determination of twelve (12) composites. For the stripping soil content ranged from 30% and 60%, for the dredging material contents ranged from 20% and 50% and binder common quicklime content ranged from 15% to 30%. Were molded curing ages of 3 days, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, 180 and 365 days. The increase in compressive strength during curing was derived from the chemical reactions of solid particles of raw materials in alkaline environment generating the new amorphous formations. Also the raw materials were analyzed in the SEM with EDS method, DRX and FRX, to obtain the chemical composition and formation structures of the new composite. All results of the uniaxial compressive strength, with 28 days of curing the environment of the twelve (12) compositions, obtained average results of 7.7 MPa, satisfactorily meeting the NBR 7170:1983 standard that determines the resistance to compression equal or above 4.0 MPa, for the production of building materials for sealing masonry without structural purposes. Proving the use of these composites in construction materials, especially for thread block or brick fences without structural purposes, without the need for cooking or heating energy project for the healing of parts, contributing to the environment and sustainability Environmental.
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Ngan, Po-yuen Ricky. "Market entry and integration strategies for building products /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13731270.
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Cooper, D. L. "An eco-profile of building materials." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57615/.
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This research examines the environmental parameters associated with the production and delivery of building materials in the U.K. in 1991. Using primary data supplied from commercial sources, an eco-profile is produced for each material by calculating the gross inputs of energy and raw materials and gross outputs of solid waste, air and water emissions. The production sequences are traced from raw materials in the ground through to the final product and extend to include transport operations and the production and delivery of fuels and ancillary materials. The results are used to complete eco-profiles for the construction of a three bedroom bungalow house and a four bedroom two storey detached house. It is shown that per square metre of floor space, the construction of the two storey detached house produces considerable reductions in the burdens on the enviromnent. Eco-profiles are used to compare the environmental burdens associated with alternative building materials. The effect of alternative building materials on the eco-profiles of house construction is discussed. It is shown that significant reductions in the gross inputs and outputs maybe made by substituting dense concrete blocks for clay bricks.
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Ngan, Po-yuen Ricky, and 顔寶源. "Market entry and integration strategies for building products." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31265765.
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Zhang, Ou. "Compacting biomass waste materials for use as fuel /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3075412.
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Okeyinka, Oriyomi M. "The applicability of recycled waste paper as lightweight building materials." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620495.
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In this era of increasing standard of living and rapid growth of civil engineering construction, environmental issues pertaining to natural resources depletion, global warming, energy crisis, waste pollution and greenhouse gas emission have been major issues of concern throughout the world and most especially in the construction industry. This research was conducted to investigate the applicability of recycled wastepaper as lightweight building materials with focus on contributing to sustainability in the creation of the built environment. The major aim was to develop an eco-friendly lightweight non-loadbearing block from recycled wastepaper without the use of cement as binder. This study specifically addressed the drawback of low strength development that usually occur with increasing wastepaper content in the existing cement-based-wastepaper blocks. It also indirectly addresses; the environmental impacts associated with the construction industry (including; high consumption of natural resources, greenhouse gas emission, high energy consumption and so on), the environmental pollution resulting from unsustainable waste generation, and the generic drawback of high water absorption that plagues wastepaper-based blocks. To achieve this, research methods including; laboratory experimentation and simulation modelling were employed. The research outcome is an eco-friendly block unit designated as Cement-less Wastepaper-based Lightweight Block (CWLB) which contains 75% waste content and exhibiting properties that satisfy the requirements for application as non-loadbearing lightweight blocks in building construction. CWLB displayed compressive strength that far outweighs those recorded for the existing cement-based wastepaper blocks available in the literature. The properties recorded for the optimal CWLB includes; 2.71 MPa average compressive strength, 901.5 kg/m3 average density, 0.19 W/m.k thermal conductivity, 989.9 m/s ultrasonic pulse velocity, 0.0026 g/m2.S0.5 average coefficient of capillary water absorption and 883.38 MPa estimated elastic modulus. The approximate compressive strength of 2.38 MPa and 1.58 MPa were respectively predicted and recorded for the solid and hollow finite element model samples of CWLB. The impressive satisfactory properties of CWLB for the intended application and its eco-friendliness in terms of natural resources conservation and improved compressive strength suggests that CWLB shall indeed serve as a more sustainable alternative to the reigning/existing cement-based-wastepaper blocks and to the conventional masonry blocks of the same category. Amongst other things, future work will address the validation of the approximate compressive strength predicted for the solid and hollow CWLB insitu samples in order to take further the subject matter.
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Cheung, Kwai Wah. "Large-scale laboratory and in-situ field tests on cemented rubber chips (rubber-soil) as pavement sub-base /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202003%20CHEUNG.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-216). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Moffitt, Kaylee. "Enzymatic degradation of Keratinous materials from livestock processing to generate value added products." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207235/1/Kaylee_Moffitt_Thesis.pdf.
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Livestock is a major industry that generates a range of wastes and low value co-products such as keratinous hair, horns, feathers and hooves. Enzymatic hydrolysis of keratin could generate products with added value, although process challenges arise from the highly recalcitrant nature of the material. Outcomes of this work include an optimised process with over 85% of the solid material solubilised by hydrolysis, and an understanding of keratinase enzyme performance that will aid future process development towards the generation of value-added products from low value livestock keratin.
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Fung, Wing Wah. "Lightly cemented rubber tire chips as highway pavement sub-base and the use of fiber Bragg's grating (FBG) as instrumentation sensors /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20FUNG.
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Carreon, Delfin G. "Stabilization of marginal soils using recycled materials." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001700.
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Leung, Oi-kwan Winnie. "A preliminary study on the Hong Kong external trade of non-ferrous metal waste (and scrap) and other potentially hazardous waste materials /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1470934X.
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Fahd, Faisal. "Risk assessment approach for evaluating recycled material use in road construction : a pilot study /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1230027556.
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Thesis (M.S.C.E.)--University of Toledo, 2008.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for Masters of Science degree in Civil Engineering." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 90-92.
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Hakkarainen, Tuula. "Studies on fire safety assessment of construction products /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2002. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2002/P459.pdf.
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Chan, Kwok-wong. "The study of utilization of pulverized fuel ash in road construction in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1339244X.
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Wang, Guihai. "Managerial formation of international joint ventures : a study of Australian building products and service companies in China." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.
Find full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on two major issues in the formation of international joint ventures (INs): partner selection and management control. The particular problem studied in
this thesis is: How do Australian building products and service companies achieve their strategic objectives in China by forming joint ventures with Chinese companies?
The case study approach is employed in this study. The data were collected from eight case companies, which mainly relied on in-depth interviews with Australian managers
who were personally involved in the formation of their joint ventures (Ns) and managers who were in charge of the operation of the N s. In some cases, Chinese managers were also interviewed. By analysing these data, this study identifies the rationale underlying companies'
decisions on partner selection criteria. These criteria can be categorised into three areas: task-related, environment-related and partner-related. And the rationale may
include weakness/strength-resource, critical success factor, environment deficiency, perceived opportunity behaviour and perceived cooperation uncertainty etc.
Findings of this study suggest that partners which case companies eventually get quite often are not exactly the same as they expect, due to Chinese companies' ability and
willingness to contribute. As to the management control Australian building products and service companies
adopt, it consists of different components, such as level of control and extent of control, which are dynamic, rather than static. This study investigates why the case
companies want to adopt such control and how they get the control that they want. The results of data analysis show that neither dominated control nor shared control
necessarily leads to the success of the joint venture, an important factor is the unity between the two partners.
This study makes contributions to IN literature by shedding light on areas where previous research has paid little attention. The findings of this study have important
managerial implications for Australian companies that have interests in China.
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Johansson, Ingrid, and Walter Deltin. "Utilization of Pulp and Paper Waste Products in the Metal Industry : Initial testing of carbon-containing waste material briquettes." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231792.
Full textAbstract:
Today, a huge part of waste products from pulp and paper industries ends up in landfill which is both economically and environmentally adversely. This report examines the possibilities of using those products as a slag foamer and fuel in different furnaces in the metal industry. The waste products contain valuable elements, especially carbon. Therefore, there is an increased interest in finding possible use for the waste products in the metal industry. The reuse would contribute to preservation of energy as fossil fuel can be replaced. In the report, two waste materials called mixed biosludge and fiber reject are examined. The experiments are performed with the waste products pressed together with a base material and cement forming a briquette. The requirements examined are strength needed for both transportation and use in furnaces and ability to create a foaming slag. The results in strength were ambiguous, no waste material based briquettes met the set criteria. As of now, the briquettes are probably not strong enough to be transported. No foaming occurred during the experiment, but only one experiment was performed. Therefore, further experiments are needed before any conclusions can be drawn. The briquettes can possibly replace coke and coal in applications where strength is not as important. Nevertheless, it is uncertain if the briquettes affect the steel quality.Idag läggs en stor del av restprodukter från pappers och massaindustrin på deponi, vilket innebär såväl ekonomiska som miljömässiga nackdelar. Den här rapporten undersöker möjligheterna att använda dessa restprodukter som slaggskummare och bränsle i de olika ugnarna inom metallindustrin. Restprodukterna innehåller värdefulla ämnen, framförallt kol. Därför finns det ett ökat intresse för att hitta möjliga användningsområden för restprodukterna inom metallindustrin. Denna återanvändning skulle bidra till energibevarande eftersom fossila bränslen kan ersättas. I den här rapporten undersöks två restmaterial, blandat biologiskt slam och fiberavfall. Experimenten utfördes med dessa restprodukter pressade samman med ett basmaterial och cement till en brikett. Kraven som undersöks är styrka för både transport och användning i ugnarna samt förmågan att skumma en slagg. Resultaten för briketternas styrka var tvetydiga, inga av briketterna innehållande restprodukter satisfierade det uppsatta kriteriet. Styrkan är troligtvis för låg för att transport ska vara möjlig. Ingen skumning skedde under experimentet, men endast ett experiment genomfördes. Därför behöver ytterligare experiment genomföras innan några slutsatser kan dras. Men briketterna tros kunna ersätta koks och kol där styrkan inte är viktig. Men det är osäkert om briketterna påverkar stålkvaliteten.
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Batmunkh, Narantuya. "Engineering characteristics of construction waste for Western Australian road and highway materials." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1839.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the use of concrete waste by-products as a new source of road construction material in Western Australia (WA). The amount of construction waste in Western Australia increases annually, whilst natural rock aggregate is in shortage.This research focuses on whether recycled concrete, derived from various sources such as by-products from the processes of manufacturing ready-mixed concrete and waste from construction and demolition (C&D), is a viable option for use as a base and sub-base course material in road building in WA.A series of laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical, engineering and performance properties of selected research materials to evaluate their respective potential utilisation. The results demonstrate that the concrete waste materials selected from the companies: Holcim Ltd, All Earth, Capital Demolition and C&D Recycling are suitable for use as base and sub-base layers of flexible pavement in Western Australia.
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Ali, Ahmed Kamal. "Re-defining the Architectural Design Process Through Building a Decision Support Framework for Design with Reused Building Materials and Components." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49549.
Full textAbstract:
Waste from construction and demolition-building activities is increasing every day. Landfills have almost reached their capacity. When thinking about the negative impact of demolishing activities on the environment it becomes very necessary to think about reusing and recycling building materials in new construction or perhaps better recycling our thoughts on how to make use of waste materials. In Kevin Lynch's book, Wasting Away, he wrote: "Architects must begin to think about holes in the ground and about flows of materials." Studies show that construction and demolition activities are the primary source of solid waste worldwide. For example construction and demolition wastes constitute about 40% of the total solid waste stream in the United States. The growing interest in materials and resource conservation in the United States is inherent in the growth of green building practices. The USGBC identifies six categories in the Materials and Resources (MR) section of LEED. One of these six categories is Resource Reuse (RR). Interestingly enough, a recent study about the cost of green buildings indicated that RR was the category credits least often achieved in most LEED certified projects. Literature suggests that there are a number of constraints and barriers to resource reuse primarily due to the complexity of buildings but perhaps the most important barrier, according to many architects, is the lack of easily accessible information to the design team on resource reuse. Therefore, as we promote the idea of building material reuse to a wider audience of designers and architects, we mus not forget that in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, both Reuse and Recycle terms are used interchangeably without yet a clear distinction between them. The use of arbitrary descriptions to distinguish reuse from recycle has caused nothing but more confusion to the public. This study argues that the real distinction between reuse and recycle exists in Knowledge and Information. This suggests that design with reuse requires a paradigm shift in the required knowledgebase and the way information flows within the design process. Unfortunately, the structure of this paradigm shift is not known and has not been well defined. Since knowledge forms the core of building a Decision Support Systems (DSS) for a design team in order to consider reuse, it is necessary to capture the required knowledge and information from the industry experts through a Knowledge Acquisition (KA) process. This knowledge can then be used to 1) identify the building material reuse criteria and 2) to build a prescriptive decision model and 3) to map the process design of the current traditional architectural design workflow and the proposed one. The overarching goal of this study is to use the building material reuse knowledgebase for 1) building a Unified Virtual Repository database to be connected to all available physical repositories and share a unified standard of information. 2) When the unified virtual repository is integrated with the Building Information Modeling (BIM) database, the DSS can work as a feedback and feed forward support for architects and designers as they consider building material reuse in new designs and constructions.Ph. D.
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Cohen, David H. "The adoption of innovative wood processing technologies in the building products industry." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54508.
Full textAbstract:
The strategic importance of the adoption of innovative processing technologies was analyzed for building products businesses. This study examined the two components of wood building products businesses: the structural panel industry and the softwood Iumber industry. To ensure that the relevance of adopting of innovative processing technologies was examined within an accurate contextual environment, additional important strategies and performance were also measured.
A mail survey of the seventy-five largest North American producers of these two products provided the primary data necessary to investigate the strategic importance of process technology adoption, forward vertical integration, relative market share, grade sector focus, and investment intensity on firm performance as measured by profitability surrogates and changes in relative market share. This survey collected direct measures of the proportion of 1987 production produced by respondent firms that used controlled distribution channels and each of twentythree processes indicative of innovative technologies in the manufacture of building products. Information concerning the other strategic and performance factors was collected from secondary data sources.
Results indicate that the adoption of innovative processing technologies has a positive impact on firm profitability. Investment intensity and grade sector focus also contributed to superior profitability. Forward vertical integration, and relative market share had no impact in differences between performance levels for the firms studied.
Technologies were examined for underlying dimensions that group different process technologies together. Firms were clustered according to their level of adoption of innovative processing technologies and these clusters were then described according to a variety of firm-dependent characteristics, strategies, and performance measures. A strategy-performance model was developed for standardized, industrial product-markets and empirically tested using the data collected for the building products industry as an industry representative of this type of competitive environment.Ph. D.