Journal articles on the topic 'Waste processing complexes'
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Sister, V. G., V. K. Zhivotov, S. V. Korobtsev, E. M. Ivannikova, and A. I. Yamchuk. "Innovative waste processing technology." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 3-2 (April 10, 2013): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68062.
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The papers presents developments of the department "Engineering ecology of the urban economy" of Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering (MAMI) of the methods of processing different types of waste. Non-waste gasification technology in the molten metal can process municipal waste to produce synthesis gas and electricity in a gas turbine. The technology has been standardized by type of feedstock, processing possible local fuel resources, including peat, coal, production waste, household waste and other carbon-bearing fuels. Encouraged to use the synthesis gas in cogeneration power plants and power technology complexes. Developed technology for processing and utilization of polymeric materials using new-generation catalysts by low-temperature catalytic pyrolysis. Developed technology for processing food waste to produce feed additives by bioconversion.
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Safronova, Natalya, and Gulnaz Khaibrakhmanova. "Innovative design of waste processing technologies." Serbian Journal of Management 16, no. 2 (2021): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjm16-28893.
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Designing modern waste recycling systems is an urgent problem. The experience of attracting masters from two leading Russian universities in organizing interaction and cooperation in the development and implementation of waste sorting complexes is considered. Faculties of Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology held a project session for developing and launching innovative technological projects on the market called "Techno marketing". The developed methodological base made it possible to combine educational and entrepreneurial tasks and ensure the promotion of student technological projects. As a result of the conducted project session, a project on the use of computer vision systems for sorting waste was developed, the competitive differences of the project and its technical and economic indicators were presented. The mechanisms for the implementation of an innovative waste sorting project have been determined. Despite being twice as expensive, the waste sorting machine is able to fully pay off 3 times faster than manual sorting, justifying further investment in the project.
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Tskhovrebov, E., E. Velichko, and U. Niyazgulov. "Planning Measures for Environmentally Safe Handling with Extremely and Highly Hazardous Wastes in Industrial, Building and Transport Complex." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.988.
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The analysis of the current situation with the handling with extremely and highly hazardous wastes in Russia in terms of various industries, building and transport complex. According to the results of the studies, promising measures are proposed to create an industrial infrastructure for the processing, utilization, neutralization of the mentioned types of waste in the form of modern tasks for scientific and technical development, the creation of new cost-effective resource-saving, environmentally safe production complexes and systems, the introduction of accessible top-level technologies, ensuring the requirements of legislation in the field of handling with hazardous waste and protecting the environment.
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Bragina, L. L., S. O. Ryabinin, O. Yu Fedorenko, O. P. Degurko, and S. O. Melnik. "Current state and prospects of stone mining and stone processing waste use in silicate industries (review)." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 120 (December 30, 2020): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.120.19.
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A review of foreign and native publications on the use of man-made raw materials, which is formed during the extraction and processing of rocks, in the silicate materials production was presented. It was shown that, the disposal of large-scale industrial waste from mining and ore processing industrial complexes is promising for solving environmental problems and expanding the raw material base of silicate industries. An increase in the waste consumption degree will contribute to the integrated use of mineral raw materials, as well as a decrease in the volume of their accumulation and an improvement in the environmental situation. A literature review has shown the obvious potential of waste as an alternative raw material for partial or complete replacement of traditional raw materials in various silicate industries. On the example of artificial stone, stone casting, cement, concrete, ceramic bricks and tiles production, the technologies of silicate materials and products were considered, where waste disposal is technologically sound and economically feasible. It was shown that, mineral technogenic raw materials (wastes from mining, mechanical processing and enrichment of rocks) are used as a concrete, artificial stone and other composite binder’s filler, as non-plastic and fluxing components of ceramics bodies, and even as the main raw material in the production of stone casting. On specific examples, it was considered how a reasonable rocks waste use in the silicate materials production can improve the products properties. Requirements were formulated and criteria for the applicability of stone mining and stone processing waste in the silicate materials production were determined, consideration of which will reduce the hazards and risks associated with the possible presence of technologically harmful and potentially hazardous substances in waste. Knowledge of the using peculiarities wastes from the extraction and processing of the different rocks will allow to optimize technological processes when replacing natural raw materials with technogenic materials. Providing scientific and technical information on the advantages of using waste in the ceramic, glass-crystalline, binders and composite materials production will contribute to the development of resource-saving environmentally friendly technologies, natural resources rational use and increase of industrial enterprises responsibility to society and nature.
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Burakov, A. V., A. A. Kotlov, and A. A. Levikhin. "Compressor equipment for enhancing efficiency of solid organic waste processing plants." Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Aviation-Rocket and Power Engineering 5, no. 3 (2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2588-0373-2021-5-3-54-62.
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The article describes the experience of the Compressor holding company in the creation of compressor equipment for various industries. The use of compressors as part of complexes for the processing of organic waste in the framework of solving urgent environmental problems has been demonstrated. The process of compression of synthesis gas to increase the efficiency of the processing process has been investigated. To ensure stable parameters, reliable operation of syngas reciprocating compressors is required in wide ranges of operating parameters. Ensuring the operability of the compressor in wide ranges of parameter variation requires multivariate calculations in order to find the best design parameters of the compressor. A compressor is proposed for the most efficient implementation of the task and its characteristics are calculated.
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Shkola, Viktoriia Yu, and Olha V. Prokopenko. "RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT CHANGES IN WASTE OILS MANAGEMENT." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 18, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8291.
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Contemporary problems of waste oils management in Ukraine are considered in the paper. Based on European Union countries’ experience the innovation approach to solve the waste oils management problem is supposed. Reforming of the oil products recycling branch in Ukraine has to be based on the concept concerning absolute domination of processed oils regeneration that will provide increase of regions and country environmental and economic security. General scheme of organizational and economic mechanism to control waste oils recycling branch development at macro-level developed in the paper. In order to organize producing process, authors suggest to create regional complexes, located by principle of the territorial integrity in regions where waste oils are collected, optimization of their transporting routes, and producing capacities of waste management facilities. Each of these complexes has to include structures, specialized on some stage in waste oils recycling that will make the processing mobile, flexible and able to achieve maximal economic results.
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Pawlowski, Lucjan. "Metal complexes in fossil fuels. Geochemistry, characterization, and processing." Science of The Total Environment 119 (June 1992): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90274-v.
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CHERTES, Konstantin L'vovich, Nataliya Aleksandrovna SAFONOVA, Andrey Vladimirovich BELYAKOV, and Alexander Moiseevich SHTERENBERG. "THE PROJECT OF STACKING LAYERS BIODESTRUCTION COMPLEX OF OIL-CONTAMINATED WASTE FOR JSC «NOVOKUIBYSHEVSK REFINERY»." Urban construction and architecture 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2016.01.9.
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The technology of intensive biothermal composting of oil-sludge waste products developed by employees of the Samara State Technical University is an eff ective method of recycling of the large-capacity waste products formed during oil refi ning. Furthermore, application of sludge waste products of auxiliary branches of the oil complex as cellulating and inoculating additives provides depreciation of sludge processing. The article describes the features of building and exploitation complexes biodestruction of oil waste in conditions of existing plants. Technological schemes and technical and economic indicators of the complex are designed in the environment an oil refinery.
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Resende, José E., Mateus A. Gonçalves, Luiz C. A. Oliveira, Elaine F. F. da Cunha, and Teodorico C. Ramalho. "Use of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid as a Scavenger for Chromium from “Wet Blue” Leather Waste: Thermodynamic and Kinetics Parameters." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/754526.
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One serious consequence of the current consumer society is the transformation of the environment into a waste receptacle arising from human activities. Because of the potential toxic effects of chromium solid waste containing this metal there are grounds for serious concern for the tanning and leather processing industry. The application of tannery waste as organic fertilizer has led to extensive contamination by chromium in agricultural areas and may cause the accumulation of this metal in soils and plants. This work evaluated the extraction of Cr+3and Cr+6contained in solid waste from the leather industry through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The Gibbs free energy calculations reveal that the chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) forms more stable complexes with metal ions of chromium compared with the structures of the complexes [Cr(NTA)(H2O)2] and [Cr-collagen], the latter used to simulate the protein bound chrome leather.
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Dolotovskij, Igor V., Evgeniy A. Larin, and Nadezhda V. Dolotovskaya. "Analysis and synthesis of optimal supply systems for gas-chemical complexes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 89, no. 10 (September 26, 2017): 1567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-1114.
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AbstractThe study provides the results of structural and parametric synthesis of multifunctional power and water supply systems for gas chemical complexes and raw hydrocarbon preparation and processing facilities. These systems include their own power generator units combined with combustible and industrial waste utilization units. Methods, algorithms and system of efficiency parameters developed by us allow one to carry out scientific studies and develop new prospective power supply systems integrated with industrial processes and effective at various stages of the enterprise operation cycle.
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Chen, Wen Song, Hua Shi Lin, and Jian Feng Lin. "Study on Treatment Technology of Waste Water with Copper in Complex System." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1847.
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The study compared three processes of characteristics of Na2S precipitation, Fenton oxidation and coagulation. The results show that Na2S precipitation has the best treatment effect and convenient operation, but the processing cost is slightly higher. Fenton oxidation treatment effect is good, whereas the cost is high and more complicated process. Coagulation treatment is the lowest-cost and easy to operate, however the treatment effect is the worst. The research results have realistic instruct significance for the formulate process scheme of copper-complexes wastewater treatment.
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Davydov, S. Ya, N. G. Valiev, V. S. Shestakov, and D. V. Domozhirov. "Solving the problem of the formation of dust of expanded clay rubble." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2019-4-17-19.
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Sources of powdered waste in the processing of clay and other ceramic raw materials for crushing and screening complexes are crushers, screens, and overload units. A new design solution for the grate screen has been proposed to reduce the energy consumption for ventilation. Perform the calculation of the area of the screening surface, grates and nodes for attaching them to the beams. Ill. 3. Ref. 10.
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ALBOROV, Ivan, Fatima TEDEEVA, and Olga BURDZIEVA. "ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE TECHNOGENIC DEPOSITS PRESERVATION OF NON-FERROUS METALS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-2-265-272.
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The article presents the results of research on a comprehensive assessment of techno genic waste deposits located in the North Caucasus region, gives a brief description of the material composition of techno genic raw materials, element-by-element quantitative reserves that are part of the accumulated secondary georesources for their possible utilization, production of non-ferrous metals and raw materials for the manufacture of industrial building materials. The article considers the sanitary and ecological parameters of the functioning of man-made raw materials in complex orographic, meteorological and geographical conditions. The critical aspects of the preservation of techno genic waste deposits in the current anthropogenic conditions are identified. The risk factors for the removal of toxic and harmful geomaterials into the water area with significant harm to the flora and ichthyofaunal are identified. For a deeper assessment of the minerals contained in the extracted ore, a unified state register of techno genic waste deposits should be created, Taking into account the high fragmentation of all the above – mentioned process links at the present time , the owners, taking into account the current sanitary and regulatory requirements, must take adequate measures to ensure the regulatory and environmental requirements in accordance with the current Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste”. The need for complex processing of waste from mining and processing industries in the North Caucasus is also dictated by environmental aspects due to the high risk of the occupied territories (they are located in floodplain terraced areas of mountain rivers) due to the flooding of mountain rivers, including the high vulnerability of resort and recreational and balneological complexes due to the negative impact of these negative sources. The assessment of the useful components contained in the extracted ore is currently not carried out in full, and the accumulated waste from processing non-ferrous metal ores is used in small volumes.
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Mansoor, Aga. "Removal of Heavy Metal Mn+2 by The Adsorbent Wollastonite and Effect of pH." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7, no. 02 (December 25, 2015): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v7i2.8635.
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Water, no doubt, is the first and foremost legitimate friend of living beings on the earth. Toxic heavy metals have been a chief reason of water pollution. Several unfortunate accidents due to heavy metal contamination in aquatic environment stepped up the awareness about heavy metal toxicity and attracted attention towards their studies. Out of these Minimata tragedy in Japan due to mercury poisoning (1953-1960) and Itai disease in Japan due to cadmium toxicity (1947) are immerable. Waste containing metals may come out of a variety of separate operations such as chemical, metal processing, electroplating, metal polishing, metal cleaning, paint manufacture, battery manufacture etc. The source of wastes in metal processing is quite in good number and also highly variable, both in quality and quantity. Metals can be had in source as particle of pure metals in suspension to metal ions and complexes in solution. In the present study the adsorbent wollastonite is used to remove Mn (II) from the water of Sai river and also studied the effect of pH.
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Saimanova, Olga, Svetlana Teplykh, and Vadim Alpatov. "Methods of organizing work on construction and demolition waste recycling." BIO Web of Conferences 43 (2022): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224303018.
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The research is aimed at finding new ways that contribute to environmental improvement. It is evident that there is a great need at the moment to find optimal methods of construction and demolition waste recycling while renovating urban areas. The researchers examine the recycling method which is characterized as one of the most effective ways to solve the problem of construction waste disposal. In this paper the authors resort to the method of comparison as well as to graphical, tabular, and abstract-logical methods. They analyze two main methods used to carry out recycling operations: the first method involves recycling waste at the site of construction using mobile crushing plants and the second involves recycling at stationary crushing and grading complexes. Then the authors point out advantages and disadvantages of these methods and examine the efficiency of a stationary complex. The researchers also calculate the prime cost of construction waste processing at a stationary crushing and grading complex and its payback period. It is concluded that the use of a stationary complex for construction and demolition waste recycling is technically and economically feasible.
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Kashkovsky, V. I., V. O. Yevdokymenko, D. S. Kamenskyh, T. V. Tkachenko, and V. V. Vakhrin. "Complex Technology for Processing Some Organоmineral Waste." Science and innovation 13, no. 3 (July 26, 2017): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine13.03.051.
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de Carvalho, Joao, and Roussos Dimitrakopoulos. "Effects of High-Order Simulations on the Simultaneous Stochastic Optimization of Mining Complexes." Minerals 9, no. 4 (March 31, 2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9040210.
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A mining complex is composed of mines, mineral processing streams, stockpiles, and waste facilities, which culminate with generated products that are delivered to customers. The supply uncertainty and variability of materials extracted from the mines, which flow through a mining complex to generate products, can be quantified through geostatistical simulations and can be used as inputs to the simultaneous optimization of mining complexes. A critical aspect to consider is that mineral deposits are characterized by spatially complex, non-Gaussian geological properties and multiple-point connectivity of high-grades, features that are not captured by conventional second-order simulation methods. This paper investigates the benefits of simultaneously optimizing a mining complex where the simulations of the mineral deposit are generated by a high-order, direct-block simulation approach. The optimized life-of-mine (LOM) production schedule is compared to a case in which the same setting is optimized by having the related simulations generated using a second-order simulation method. The comparison shows that the incorporation of simulations that reproduce the spatial connectivity of high-grades results in a more informed LOM production schedule. The sequence of extraction is driven by the spatial connectivity of high-grades, resulting in a mill throughput with better material quality and reduced waste extraction. Furthermore, the discounted cash-flow increases by more than 5% as compared to the case in which the second-order simulations are used.
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Bergen, D. "Actual directions of increasing the energy security of heat supply in the Russian Federation." Transbaikal State University Journal 27, no. 9 (2021): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-9-99-106.
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Strengthening international efforts to implement climate policy and accelerate the transition to a “green economy” is a modern challenge to the energy security of the Russian Federation. The enterprises of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) play a key role in the economy of the Russian Federation, but they have a continuous negative impact on the environment. The subject of the research is a set of theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of increasing the energy security of heat supply in the Russian Federation by replacing coal with more environmentally friendly fuels. The purpose of the study is to propose a way to improve the energy security of heat supply in the Russian Federation by replacing coal with more environmentally friendly fuels. The study has been carried out using a set of methods: comparative analysis, analysis of structure, financial analysis. Coal makes up about 80 % of the total amount of raw materials used to generate heat in the Irkutsk region. This has a significant impact on the degree of environmental pollution. There is a possibility of using part of production and consumption waste as an alternative fuel (RDF) for thermal power facilities in the Russian Federation to improve the energy security of heat supply. Fuel for the production of thermal energy can be obtained as a result of processing production and consumption waste. This will lead to a solution to the problem of garbage disposal. The problem in the field of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the Irkutsk region is aggravated by the fact that the waste processing complex, waste handling and waste sorting complexes are absent on the territory of the region. An analysis of the financial indicators of the incineration plant operating in the Russian Federation shows that the financial results of operations are negative for 2019, 2020. It is necessary to create state-owned enterprises for the production of steam and hot water in the Russian Federation using a combination of two types of fuel: biofuel and RDF to accelerate the modernization of heat supply sources
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Shamshurina, Nina G., Nadezhda V. Prisyazhnaya, Julia V. Pavlova, and Sergey V. Shulyat'ev. "Legal and economic problems of improvement of the control system of the medical waste." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 7 (August 28, 2020): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-7-656-662.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the current problem of regional development - to the address with the waste of medical origin and the creation of a control system of medical waste as an element of internal quality control and safety of the medical activity. Functioning of a control system of medical waste and ensuring introduction in the medical organizations of progressive, cost-effective methods of hardware disinfecting of dangerous medical waste in the epidemiological relation are the priority factors forming the level of population health of the population of Russia. Safe utilization - the key direction of functioning of a system of the address of medical waste - at the same time the potential epidemiological and ecological danger determines the need of legal and financial and economic support of a control system of medical waste, both on federal, and at the regional level. Creation of environmentally friendly ways of the address with medical waste, effective management of these processes, their legal support belongs to the system of ensuring national security.Material and methods. Authors carried out the analysis of current state of the address with medical waste in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, application of an integrated approach to utilization and neutralizations of waste of this type within regional environmental policy is reasoned. Gaps of legal regulation of a control system of medical waste on the basis of the analysis of law-enforcement practice are revealed. A methodical approach is proposed, the peculiarity of which is the legal and financial justification of the territorial schemes used in the regions for the treatment of medical waste. The methodological tools of the study include statistical methods of processing data on the disposal and disposal of medical waste. Approbation of methodical tools is carried out on the example of the Moscow region.Results. The Moscow region pays close attention to the methods of medical waste management, the desire to ensure environmental safety, preventing the violation of the law in matters of disposal of medical waste. On the other hand, low satisfaction of the authorities with the pace of solving the problem of recycling, not included in the process of medical activity of health care institutions, the consequences of which may be medical waste requiring disinfection and treatment. The result of the study are recommendations of the need for interregional interaction in the field of placement and construction of complexes on processing, utilization, and neutralization of medical waste of different hazard classes.Conclusion. Authors consider the perspective direction of scientific and technological development creation of the hi-tech equipment for utilization of different types of medical waste with receiving secondary raw materials and also neutralization of extremely hazardous and highly hazardous medical waste.
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LaRoche-Boisvert, Mélanie, and Roussos Dimitrakopoulos. "An Application of Simultaneous Stochastic Optimization at a Large Open-Pit Gold Mining Complex under Supply Uncertainty." Minerals 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020172.
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The simultaneous stochastic optimization of mining complexes optimizes various components of the related mineral value chain jointly while considering material supply (geological) uncertainty. As a result, the optimization process capitalizes on the synergies between the components of the system while not only quantifying and considering geological uncertainty, but also producing strategic mine plans, maximizing the net present value. This paper presents an application of simultaneous stochastic optimization at a large gold mining complex. The complex contains three open-pit mines, three stockpiles, a waste dump, and a processing facility. Material hardness management is integrated at the processing facility. The case study generated production schedules for each mineral deposit considered, as well as an overall assessment of the project and related forecasts. It resulted in an 18 year life-of-asset and identified the semi-autogenous grinder (SAG) mill as the bottleneck of the operation.
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Usikov, V. I., and Y. A. Ozaryan. "Information and computational GIS for monitoring the natural and technical systems of placer gold deposits." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 895, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/895/1/012036.
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Abstract It is known that nowadays one of the main problems of mining is the depletion of reserves. The researchers consider mining waste as a source of replenishment of the resource base. Disputes on the prospects for technogenic raw material processing are becoming especially relevant. The object of research chosen by the authors in this article is the technogenic neoplasms resulting from dredging and hydraulic processing of placer gold. The paper presents the results of assessing the prospects and application of the information technologies, in particular, the analysis of data from remote sensing of the Earth in the design and organization of work to involve technogenic placers in operation. It is shown that these technologies are able to increase the efficiency of work and reduce labor costs at the stage of preliminary study of potential development targets. Technogenic complexes of depleted fields are a significant reserve of the mineral resource base of gold and other precious metals. This paper presents the results of the creation of a method for expert assessment of spatial and volumetric indicators of technogenic complexes of alluvial fields and other landscape objects using remote sensing of the territory and analysis of geological information. The Kerbinsky gold-bearing region of the Khabarovsk Region was chosen as the object of research.
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Bondarenko, Nikita, Nadezda Kondakova, Nikolay Serpokrylov, and Sergey Starovoitov. "Substantiation of reducing gas emissions from industrial wastewater treatment plants of a fish plant." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 042059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/4/042059.
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Abstract The release of foul-smelling substances polluting the atmosphere from animal husbandry complexes, facilities for processing agricultural products (animal raw materials and aquaculture), as well as from treatment facilities of the listed facilities is a discussed topic among specialized specialists and the media since it turns out to be the cause of complaints from the population living in the immediate area. Based on a brief literature review of scientific works on topics related to gaseous emissions from livestock and poultry complexes, experimental studies were carried out to substantiate the reduction of gas emissions based on determining the quantitative and qualitative compositions and components of the gas-air mixture above the surface of the waste liquid in the sewage treatment facilities of the fish plant. Based on the results obtained, a technology based on sorption purification was proposed to reduce the number of emissions. The use of natural materials is proposed as a sorbent, which is a major benefit.
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Khasanova, Svetlana, and Zinaida Skobelskaya. "Amaranth bran powder is a promising raw material for the confectionery industry." E3S Web of Conferences 262 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126201005.
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The research is devoted to the creation of a new raw material - a product of processing amaranth seeds of the species Amaranthus L. (variety “Krepysh”, selection of FNTSO). Developed amaranth bran powder, which is a waste product in the production of oil from seeds. The bran contains 19.6% proteins, including water-soluble ones; 17.9% dietary fiber; 46.9% highly dextrinated starch; 1.01% of macro- and microelements, including deficient selenium. The selenium content in the studied batches of amaranth bran is 0.053 mg% per 100 g of dry weight, which allows us to meet the average daily human need for selenium by 70%. The new technology includes infrared processing, bran cooling and fine grinding. Infrared processing allows targeted action on protein and carbohydrate complexes, increasing the biological value of amaranth bran powder, imparting increased moisture absorption properties to the product, and maintaining high quality indicators. Amaranth bran powder was stored at a temperature of 18 ± 2⁰С, relative air humidity 75 ± 1⁰С, in the presence of photocatalytic air purifiers “Tiokraft M-400”. A new product - amaranth bran powder is recommended for use in the production of sugar and flour confectionery products
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Ibragimov, A. G., V. G. Borulko, and I. А. Lukyanova. "Livestock and environment." Agrarian science, no. 10 (January 12, 2022): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-353-10-46-49.
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Relevance. With the development of the application of the achievements of scientific and technological progress in agricultural production, agriculture began to take more from nature, and instead throw in there a huge amount of waste generated as a result of activities. Therefore, the problem of environmental protection in agricultural production, especially in industrial animal husbandry, has become urgent. Livestock and poultry farming with their manure, dung, greenhouse gases and other wastes have begun to pollute the environment more. These pollutants reduce soil fertility and productivity, and deteriorate the quality of water and atmospheric air. As a result, agricultural production itself suffers, agricultural products are received in less amount and the quality of products deteriorates.Materials and research methods. The material of the study was the data of environmental statistical reporting of the Russian Federation and its subjects over the last 10 years, as well as materials of periodical scientific publications on environmental problems. In the course of the research, abstract-logical, monographic, computational-constructive, comparative analyzes and statistical methods were used.Results. According to the state reports “On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation”, the agro-industrial complex in modern conditions continues to be the main pollutant of land and other elements of the environment. More than 45 types of pollutants are emitted into the environment from livestock farms and complexes and poultry farms. Atmosphere air is contaminated with microorganisms, dust, ammonia and other animal waste products. Large volumes of manure and droppings generated in the course of the activity of livestock enterprises, the complexity of their processing and disposal indicate the need to use a variety of ways to solve the problem of effective treatment of manure and droppings. In this sense, the chinese waste disposal technology is of particular interest. China is now took the leading positions in the world in the biological disposal of food and agricultural waste with the help of black lion fly larvae.
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Zhang, Chengyi, Wen Zhang, and Yuxin Wang. "Diffusion Dialysis for Acid Recovery from Acidic Waste Solutions: Anion Exchange Membranes and Technology Integration." Membranes 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10080169.
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Inorganic acids are commonly used in mining, metallurgical, metal-processing, and nuclear-fuel-reprocessing industries in various processes, such as leaching, etching, electroplating, and metal-refining. Large amounts of spent acidic liquids containing toxic metal ion complexes are produced during these operations, which pose a serious hazard to the living and non-living environment. Developing economic and eco-friendly regeneration approaches to recover acid and valuable metals from these industrial effluents has focused the interest of the research community. Diffusion dialysis (DD) using anion exchange membranes (AEMs) driven by an activity gradient is considered an effective technology with a low energy consumption and little environmental contamination. In addition, the properties of AEMs have an important effect on the DD process. Hence, this paper gives a critical review of the properties of AEMs, including their acid permeability, membrane stability, and acid selectivity during the DD process for acid recovery. Furthermore, the DD processes using AEMs integrated with various technologies, such as pressure, an electric field, or continuous operation are discussed to enhance its potential for industrial applications. Finally, some directions are provided for the further development of AEMs in DD for acid recovery from acidic waste solutions.
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Ponomareva, Maria, Olga Cheremisina, Yulia Mashukova, and Elena Lukyantseva. "Increasing the efficiency of rare earth metal recovery from technological solutions during processing of apatite raw materials." Записки Горного института 252 (December 17, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.6.13.
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The issues of complex processing of mineral resources are relevant due to the depletion of available raw materials. So, it is necessary to involve technological waste, generated during the processing of raw materials, to obtain valuable components. In the process flow of apatite concentrate treatment using the sulfuric acid method, a large amount of phosphogypsum is produced with an average content of light rare earth metals (REMs) reaching 0.032-0.45 %. When phosphogypsum is treated with sulfuric acid solutions, a part of REMs is transferred to the sulfate solution, from which it can be extracted by means of ion exchange method. The study focuses on sorption recovery of light REMs (praseodymium, neodymium and samarium) in the form of anionic sulfate complexes of the composition [ln(SO4)2]– on polystyrene anion exchanger AN-31. The experiments were performed under static conditions at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 1:1, pH value of 2, temperature of 298 K and initial REM concentration in the solutions ranging from 0.83 to 226.31 mmol/kg. Thermodynamic description of sorption isotherms was carried out by the method based on linearization of the mass action equation, modified for the ion exchange reaction. As a result of performed calculations, the authors obtained the constants of ion exchange equilibrium for Pr, Nd and Sm, as well as the values of the change in the Gibbs energy for the ion exchange of REM sulfate complexes on the AN-31 anion exchanger and the values of total capacity of the anion exchanger. Calculated separation factors indicated low selectivity of AN-31 anionite exchanger for light REMs; however, the anion exchanger is suitable for effective recovery of a sum of light REMs. Based on the average value of ion exchange equilibrium constant for light REMs, parameters of a sorption unit with a fluidized bed of anion exchanger were estimated.
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Litvinova, Tatyana, and Ivan Oleynik. "Dissolution kinetics of rare earth metal phosphates in carbonate solutions of alkali metals." Записки Горного института 251 (October 29, 2021): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.5.10.
Full textAbstract:
Treatment of apatite raw materials is associated with the formation of large-tonnage waste – phosphogypsum. The content of rare earth metals in such waste reaches 1 %, which makes it possible to consider it a technogenic source for obtaining rare earth metals and their compounds. Up to the present moment, there are neither processing plants, nor an efficient process flow to handle phosphogypsum dumps. It is rational to use a way that involves extraction of valuable components and overall reduction of phosphogypsum dumps. Such process flow is available with carbonate conversion of phosphogypsum to alkali metal or ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate upon the condition of associated extraction of rare earth metal (REM) compounds. Associated extraction of REM compounds becomes possible since they form strong and stable complexes with hard bases according to Pearson, which among other things include carbonate, phosphate and sulfate anions. Formation of lanthanide complexes with inorganic oxygen-containing anions is facilitated by the formation of high-energy Ln-O bonds. The study focuses on the dissolution of lanthanide phosphates in carbonate media. It was established that formation of REM carbonate complexes from their phosphates is a spontaneous endothermic process and that formation of lanthanide carbonates and hydroxides serves as thermodynamic limitation of dissolution. A shift in equilibrium towards the formation of carbonate complexes is achieved by increasing the temperature to 90-100 °C and providing an excess of carbonate. The limiting stage of REM phosphate dissolution in carbonate media is external diffusion. This is indicated by increasing rate of the process with an intensification of stirring, first order of the reaction and the value of activation energy for phosphate dissolution from 27 to 60 kJ/mol. A combination of physical and chemical parameters of the process allowed to develop an engineering solution for associated REM extraction during carbonate conversion of phosphogypsum, which included a 4-5 h conversion of phosphogypsum at temperature of 90-110 °C by an alkali metal or ammonium carbonate solution with a concentration of 2-3 mol/l. As a result, a solution with alkali metal (ammonium) sulfate is obtained, which contains REMs in the form of carbonate complexes and calcium carbonate. The rate of REM extraction into the solution reaches no less than 93 %. Rare earth metals are separated from the mother liquor by precipitation or sorption on anion exchange resins, while the excess of alkali metal or ammonium carbonate is returned to the start of the process.
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Chugunov, Aleksandr S., and Vadim A. Vinnitskii. "Nanofiltration fractionation of radioactive solution components as a method for reducing the volume of wastes intended for permanent disposal." Nuclear Energy and Technology 5, no. 2 (May 17, 2019): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.5.35801.
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Baromembrane purification methods as part of liquid radioactive media processing complexes are increasingly included in the practice of radioactive waste management. The paper presents the results of a comparative study of the performance of commercially available hyper- and nanofiltration elements when a simulated solution is continuously phosphatized. The study revealed the influence of changes in the feed solution salinity on the permeability, working pressure in the brine chamber of the hyper- and nanofiltration apparatus and the permeate salinity. It is shown that, in a closed loop of liquid radioactive waste, the introduction of polyphosphates to stabilize the truly dissolved forms of multivalent metals on the ULP reverse-osmotic membrane leads, as expected, to a systematic performance degradation, first of all, in the membrane permeability at a fixed pressure in the apparatus. The permeate of the system with a nanofiltration membrane, VNF (Vontron NanoFiltration), contains a sufficiently high salt concentration indicating that sodium salts formed during complexation are removed from the circuit, thereby reducing the solution osmotic pressure which critically affects the yield of the purified solution. Thus, nanofiltration in combination with chelating agents can be an effective tool for fractionating components of radioactive solutions, ensuring the achievement of standard indicators for wastewater and biologically hazardous substances that are subject to permanent disposal.
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Shalavina, E. V., A. Yu Briukhanov, E. V. Vasilev, R. A. Uvarov, and A. M. Valge. "Biofermentation of organic waste from a pig-breeding complex in a drum-type installa-tion." Agrarian science, no. 6 (July 18, 2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-339-6-51-56.
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Relevance. In modern pig-breeding complexes, manure is processed by separation producing the liquid and solid manure fractions. The complexes also generate other types of organic waste. Testing the process of producing the organic fertilizer based on the solid organic waste of a pig-breeding complex in a drum-type biofermenter.Material and methods. The processing of a mixture of two types of solid fractions of pig slurry and the waste from mechanical cleaning of grain into an organic fertilizer in a drum-type biofermentation unit was tested. The tested material was produced on the pig-breeding complex with the closed production cycle located in Leningrad Region. The optimization criterion was the temperature of the mixture in the installation. The controlling factors were the aeration frequency, the air supply rate to the biofermenter, and the rotation interval of the drum. Assumed values of the tested factors were: the moisture content of the mixture of 55–65% and the density of the mixture of 400– 600 kg/m3. The standard methods for statistical and experimental data analysis were applied.Results. Four operation modes of the biofermenter were tested, of which only one allowed to achieve the heating of the mixture above 55 °C and a stable course of the biofermentation process. Under this mode, the aeration rate was 5 min/h; the air supply rate to the biofermenter was 10 m/s; and the drum rotation interval was every 12 hours. The significance of the factors in a multivariate experiment was considered; the mathematical model was analyzed using the steepest ascent method. Considering the identified operation mode, 12 drum-type biofermenters with the working volume of 31.3 m3 each will be needed to process the solid fraction of manure produced on the pig-breeding complex with the animal stock of 107,000 head and the output of the solid fraction of manure of 90 tons per day. A building with a floor area of 1000 m2 will be required to place these biofermenters. This area is 113.4 times smaller than the area of the watertight pad for clamps to process the manure by the passive composting technology. Nitrogen emissions will be reduced by 6.3% owing to the intense mineralization of nitrogen in the fermented mixture.
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Black, Silvia B., and Roger S. Schulz. "Photodiode Array Detection as a Fingerprinting Tool for Metal Cyanide Complexes in Gold Processing Solutions." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 72, no. 2 (October 1998): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067319808035884.
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Afanasyev, V. V., V. G. Kovalev, and V. A. Tarasov. "Energy technology complexes as regulators of electrical power systems." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 5 (December 17, 2019): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-5-50-58.
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The aim of the work is to study the processes of electrothermal gasification of solid fuels in energy technological complexes and to assess the possibilities of using energy technological complexes for regulating load schedules of electric power systems. By the methods of mathematical and physical modeling of physicochemical processes of gasification of solid carbon- containing materials and energy conversion, the main characteristics of electro-technological complexes for the processing of solid carbon-containing materials are obtained. A technological scheme of a maneuverable consumer of electricity and power is proposed, allowing to participate in demand management and increase the efficiency of electric power systems, comprehensively process any solid types of fuels, and build municipal gasification systems for areas that do not have access to natural gas sources. It is shown that the energy potential of the synthesis gas obtained by thermoelectric gasification in electrode installations is several times higher than the cost of electricity for gasification. During the hours of maximum load of the power system, the electrothermal gasifier allows to significantly reduce the consumed active power due to the transition to the autothermal gasification mode without reducing the performance of synthesis gas and work in the “market of system services” as a regulated load. Electrotechnological electrode installation allows the use of cheap electric energy of nighttime minima for the production of synthesis gas and the recovery of ferroalloys from oxides of raw materials and ore materials to be added to the coal recovery process. Electrode electrothermal installation provides a wide range of regulation of consumed electrical power, good process controllability for any type of raw materials, including combustible solid waste. High-temperature reduction processes in electrothermal gasifiers make it possible to process fuel of any composition without enrichment and grinding, to convert the mineral part of solid fuel into slag, which can be used to produce building materials. The oxides of a number of metals contained in the mineral part of the fuel are reduced and form a ferroalloy.
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Paliy, Anatoliy, Andriy Paliy, K. V. Ishchenko K. V., and S. A. Mikhalchenko. "TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR SANITARY PROCESSING OF FOOTWEAR AND CLOTHES OF LIVESTOCK WORKERS." Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, no. 125 (2021): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2021-125-130-140.
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Effective control of the quality and safety of livestock products is possible only with the implementation of a scientifically grounded complex of veterinary and sanitary and general economic measures. The goal of our work was to develop effective ways to sanitize clothing and footwear of workers in the livestock industry. The studies were carried out following the current methodological approaches that are used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Based on the results of the research carried out, two methods and one device have been developed to ensure a high level of veterinary and sanitary measures in animal husbandry. It has been proven that for the sanitization of clothing of workers in the animal husbandry industry, it is effective to use a disinfectant, which includes the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid (0.09–0.36%), adipic acid (0.01–0.04%), sodium bicarbonate (0.01–0.04%), sodium carbonate (0.003–0.01%), water (99.887–99.55%) when exposed for 30 minutes. For disinfection of workers' footwear, it is advisable to use disinfectants filled with a disinfectant that contains dichlorantin (0.021–0.21%), 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (0.0164–0.164%), a dispersant (0.012–0.12%), anionic surfactants (0.005–0.05%), corrosion inhibitor (0.01–0.1%), filler (0.0356–0.356%) and water (99.9–99.0%). An innovative device for cleaning and disinfection is proposed - a shoe disinfector, which consists of a waterproof box with a bottom wider than the top, filled with a disinfectant solution, a branch pipe for removing waste solution, a brush shaft, which is fixed in the upper part of the waterproof box, an electric motor with a rotational speed 2 rev/s., Which serves as a drive shaft brush, control panel with a start button and a stop button. The proposed developments complement the existing regulations on veterinary and sanitary measures at livestock farms and complexes.
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Камруков, A. Kamrukov, Новиков, and D. Novikov. "Modern Oxidizing and Photo Oxidative Methods of Complexons Destruction in Liquid Radioactive Waste." Safety in Technosphere 4, no. 1 (February 25, 2015): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/8234.
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State-of-the-art analysis for oxidizing technologies related to destruction of complexons and metalloorganic complexes in
liquid radioactive waste has been carried out. Ways already put into practice, as well as the experimental ones have been
considered. Oxidation by potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide and also ozonization and photo oxidation have
been considered in detail. It has been shown that oxidation by potassium permanganate with subsequent filtration leads to
decrease of isotopes activity, but hereby a considerable volume of manganese dioxide is formed. The ozonization application
allows reduce considerably the liquid radioactive waste (LRW) volume, but along with this ozone is the extremely toxic and
explosive substance demanding a special equipment for its production. Efficiency of oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and photo
oxidation without catalysts is low. The special attention has been paid to combined oxidizing methods (AOP) based on use of
ultra-violet (UV) radiation together with ozone and/or hydrogen peroxide. Such methods allow apply the strongest oxidizer –
hydroxyl radical – for LRW processing. Efficiency of AOP-methods and their technological capabilities are substantially defined
by characteristics of used UV radiation sources. A detailed analysis for a wide range of UV radiation possible sources (low
and average pressure mercury lamps, amalgamate lamps, excimer lamps, light-emitting diodes and pulse xenon lamps) has
been carried out, their comparative assessment has been executed. Great potential opportunities for the pulse xenon lamps
providing a continuous range of radiation in UV area and high intensity for a stream of high-vigorous photons have been noted.
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Kapinos, Roman, Olga Akupiyan, Alina Dobrunova, and Andrey Dorofeev. "Prospects of the use of alternative energy sources in an ecological economy." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 022009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/2/022009.
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Abstract The use of alternative energy sources in Russia should be considered as an important factor in the modernization of the productive forces, contributing to the solution of a number of important economic, social and environmental problems. One of these energy sources is biogas, which is used to produce two types of energy simultaneously: heat and electricity. The article substantiates the need for the introduction of biogas technologies, primarily in livestock complexes, and in the agro-industrial complex as a whole, for the processing of agricultural waste and the production of highly effective organic fertilizers. It is possible to use waste-free production technologies not only at large, but also at medium and small enterprises, and above all in eco-farms of various types. On the example of the farm “Lily of the Valley” of the campaign of JSC Green Valley of the Belgorod region, the cost and economic efficiency of a biogas plant for a year were calculated and its payback period was established. Conclusions are drawn that for faster implementation of biogas plants, it is necessary to pay attention to the experience of Western countries in the issues of state support for the development of dairy farming in terms of the use of administrative resources. So, as an example, to oblige the nearest enterprises to buy surplus electricity produced with the help of renewable energy sources at a reduced rate; to give a subsidy for each installation in the amount of 50% of the average cost; at times to increase fines for violating environmental legislation; develop tax incentives for those organizations that will comply with the technology of waste-free production.
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Shtepa, V., N. Zaiets, and D. Alekseevskiy. "The use of electrolysis processes in reagent-free water treatment: removal of hydrogen sulfur, organic iron, synthetic surface-active substances." Energy and automation, no. 2(54) (June 22, 2021): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2021.02.052.
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The use of electrotechnical equipment refers to reagent-free methods and makes it possible to simplify the automation schemes for facilities for removing pollutants from aqueous solutions. The article substantiates the approaches and structural diagrams of a reagent-free water purification unit based on the use of electrolysis processes. During the research, the processes of oxidation of pollutants were analyzed when a block of electrochemical action on aqueous solutions was used during processing. A diaphragm cell with an inactive membrane volume of 3.5 liters was used to implement the appropriate reagent-free method for removing pollutants from aqueous solutions. The solution of scientific and practical problems is shown: removal of hydrogen sulfide from water from a well before feeding it to the technological lines of a dairy plant; purification of waste water from an enterprise for the production of gelatinous products from organic iron and related pollutants; reduction of waste water pollutants of a cosmetology enterprise, with a focus on destructive effects on synthetic surfactants. Based on the analysis of the results and treatment modes of three aqueous solutions, the structure of the block of reagent-free electrolysis treatment of aqueous solutions is substantiated. As a result of experimental studies, the prospects of electrical equipment have been confirmed. The reagent-free method will simplify the automation schemes for facilities for removing pollutants from aqueous solutions - accordingly, increase the reliability of such computer-integrated solutions. Further research should be directed to the substantiation, creation and parameterization of mathematical models of combined electrotechnological water treatment complexes. Key words: environmental safety, electrotechnological complex, waste water, reagent-free method, electrolysis processes
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Cooke, James G. "Nutrient Transformations in a Natural Wetland Receiving Sewage Effluent and the Implications for Waste Treatment." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (February 1, 1994): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0193.
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The processes influencing nutrient (phosphorus and nitrogen) renovation in a natural wetland which had received oxidation pond effluent for twelve years were studied, and compared with current literature perceptions. Mass transport studies showed that 30–70% of the influent P was removed from the water column, which was much greater than published values suggest could be predicted for this highly loaded (∼ 34 g P m−2 y−1) system. Sediment traps studies showed that deposition of particulate P immediately downstream of confluences with arms of the wetland not impacted by sewage effluent (natural wetlands) was the dominant cause of P removal. Separation of the deposited-P into chemically definable fractions along with studies on the water chemistry, suggested that P deposition was associated with iron-organic complexes contributed dominantly from the natural wetlands. Considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity was also demonstrated for nitrogen transformations. During summer most of the influent-N was in nitrate form which was all transformed during passage through the wetland. Isotope (15N) dilution studies indicated that ∼ 60–70% was denitrified, 25–35% converted to ammonium (dissimilatory reduction), and 5–10% assimilated. For most of the year, however, influent N was mainly in reduced forms. Despite this, significant quantities of nitrate were exported from the wetland especially at higher flows in spring-early summer. Assays on the sediment showed that there was a marked increase in nitrification activity at the confluence with natural wetlands. It is suggested that marked changes in sediment redox potential at these confluence sites provide ideal conditions for nitrification of sorbed ammonium which is subsequently flushed from the system in ‘flood events’. The distribution and type of nutrient processing observed in this wetland are attributable to its configuration. The implication of these results to the sustainability of nutrient renovation in wetland treatment systems is discussed.
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Lee, Jae-hyuck, Kyung-hee Shin, Jong-mun Park, Choong-gon Kim, and Kong-jang Cho. "Subjectivity Analysis of Underground Incinerators: Focus on Academic and Industry Experts." Land 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111223.
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Recently, incinerators have been shifted to underground complexes because of concerns regarding environmental pollution and declining land prices. In Korea, an underground waste incinerator has been built for the first time, with additional construction being expected in the near future. Therefore, a perception survey was conducted to acquire responses from South Korean experts regarding the impact of underground complex incinerators. The Q-methodology was used in the survey to examine various viewpoints. Academicians showed concerns regarding environmental effects of ground incinerators, and environmental and economic effects of underground complex incinerators; conversely, industrialists were concerned about civil complaints and administrative processing, indicating that the academicians were more concerned about scientific issues, whereas the industrialists were more concerned about democratic issues. Furthermore, both groups expressed concerns regarding land value and civil complaints of ground incinerators, safety issues and resultant social distrust of underground incinerators. The findings suggest that, to address the safety issues involving underground incinerator construction, governance by local experts is required for a holistic evaluation of environmental issues and economic feasibility of underground incinerators. To establish a link between science and democracy, measures for transparently sharing information are necessary.
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Bryukhanov, A. Yu, H. Huhta, E. V. Shalavina, E. A. Vorobyeva, and N. S. Vasileva. "The Ecological Status of Livestock and Poultry in the Border Regions of Russia and South-East Finland." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 14, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-1-4-9.
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Intensifi cation of agricultural production increases the burden on the environment. Modern management and planning of agricultural activity requires a comprehensive assessment of the environmental status of the industry. (Research purpose) To develop recommendations for improving the environmental safety of agricultural production based on the implementation of the best available technologies, methods for monitoring and controlling technological processes for the disposal of organic animal waste. (Materials and methods) The authors studied agricultural enterprises, their specialization and production capacities, technologies for manure and litter utilization. The studies included an assessment of enterprises according to the criteria approved in the recommendations of Helsinki Commission for the Baltic Sea. The authors used standard methods for processing statistical, fi eld and personal data. (Results and discussion) The authors conducted a state analysis of the agro-industrial complex of Leningrad Region in terms of the organic waste formation from animal husbandry and poultry farming, and evaluated the potential for their use. They studied 142 large complexes, which produce more than 90 percent of livestock and poultry products. The average livestock density in Leningrad Region is 2.2 conventional heads per hectare of cultivated agricultural land. They showed that there are 22,200 households in southern Finland, 79 percent of which are plant growing enterprises that are engaged in small-scale production. They took into account the specifi c features of the studied territories in terms of nutrient load and proposed a system of environmental impact regulation. (Conclusions) The authors developed 4 main recommendation sections to reduce the risks of biogenic environmental pollution: the development of an industrial environmental control system based on technological regulations; mastering the system of regional monitoring and coordination of work with organic fertilizers; adoption and implementation of a program of livestock enterprises technological and technical modernization in terms of the organic waste disposal; creation of demonstration platforms for environmental specialists advanced training in the implementation of modern technological solutions.
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Tsantis, Sokratis T., Demetrios I. Tzimopoulos, Malgorzata Holynska, and Spyros P. Perlepes. "Oligonuclear Actinoid Complexes with Schiff Bases as Ligands—Older Achievements and Recent Progress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020555.
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Even 155 years after their first synthesis, Schiff bases continue to surprise inorganic chemists. Schiff-base ligands have played a major role in the development of modern coordination chemistry because of their relevance to a number of interdisciplinary research fields. The chemistry, properties and applications of transition metal and lanthanoid complexes with Schiff-base ligands are now quite mature. On the contrary, the coordination chemistry of Schiff bases with actinoid (5f-metal) ions is an emerging area, and impressive research discoveries have appeared in the last 10 years or so. The chemistry of actinoid ions continues to attract the intense interest of many inorganic groups around the world. Important scientific challenges are the understanding the basic chemistry associated with handling and recycling of nuclear materials; investigating the redox properties of these elements and the formation of complexes with unusual metal oxidation states; discovering materials for the recovery of trans-{UVIO2}2+ from the oceans; elucidating and manipulating actinoid-element multiple bonds; discovering methods to carry out multi-electron reactions; and improving the 5f-metal ions’ potential for activation of small molecules. The study of 5f-metal complexes with Schiff-base ligands is a currently “hot” topic for a variety of reasons, including issues of synthetic inorganic chemistry, metalosupramolecular chemistry, homogeneous catalysis, separation strategies for nuclear fuel processing and nuclear waste management, bioinorganic and environmental chemistry, materials chemistry and theoretical chemistry. This almost-comprehensive review, covers aspects of synthetic chemistry, reactivity and the properties of dinuclear and oligonuclear actinoid complexes based on Schiff-base ligands. Our work focuses on the significant advances that have occurred since 2000, with special attention on recent developments. The review is divided into eight sections (chapters). After an introductory section describing the organization of the scientific information, Sections 2 and 3 deal with general information about Schiff bases and their coordination chemistry, and the chemistry of actinoids, respectively. Section 4 highlights the relevance of Schiff bases to actinoid chemistry. Sections 5–7 are the “main menu” of the scientific meal of this review. The discussion is arranged according the actinoid (only for Np, Th and U are Schiff-base complexes known). Sections 5 and 7 are further arranged into parts according to the oxidation states of Np and U, respectively, because the coordination chemistry of these metals is very much dependent on their oxidation state. In Section 8, some concluding comments are presented and a brief prognosis for the future is attempted.
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Korolev, Arkady I., Vladimir N. Myshkin, and Anton A. Shalapinin. "Результаты работ на грунтовом могильнике Максимовка I в лесостепном Поволжье в 2018 г." Oriental Studies 14, no. 3 (October 6, 2021): 515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-55-3-515-530.
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Introduction. This is a report on the results of archaeological excavations at Maksimovka I, the subterranean burial ground located in the forest-steppe Volga region. The site is unique because it contains burial complexes of different epochs. The purpose of the paper is to introduce the materials found during the 2018 excavations for the attention of the academic community. In particular, the paper focuses on the description and characterization of the archaeological complexes under investigation, and, also, on their cultural-chronological attribution. Data. The cultural layer was not particularly rich but contained fragments of Neolithic, Eneolithic, and Bronze Age ceramics, stone tools, and waste left after stone processing. Three burials were examined in the excavation area. The first burial comprised the skeleton of a deceased person in a supine position; the head oriented to the north-northeast; the grave goods included iron items (a fragment of a boiler and of a bit, rod-shaped items, and a firesteel), grindstones, and flints. The second buried person was found in the seated position, leg bones bent at the knee joint, head oriented to northeast; the finds included a nonferrous metal ring, a bone pendant, a silicon wafer, and tubular beads. The third buried person was also in a seated position, head oriented to the northeast; no grave goods were found in the third burial. Also, two other burial constructions recovered on the site were partially examined. Results. The first burial was attributed to the Golden Horde period in the Middle Ages (the second half of the 13th or the 14th c.). The second burial has a number of parallels to burial complexes of mid-late Eneolithic era of the forest-steppe Volga region. The third burial was left unidentified in terms of its cultural-chronological attribution, granted the non-standard position of the skeletal remains in the grave and the absence of goods. Conclusions. The examination of the subterranean burial ground Maksimovka I has allowed to introduce the archaeological material of different periods, such as Neolithic, Eneolithic, Bronze, and Middle Ages.
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Kulkarni, Sayali, Chitra Seetharam Misra, Alka Gupta, Anand Ballal, and Shree Kumar Apte. "Interaction of Uranium with Bacterial Cell Surfaces: Inferences from Phosphatase-Mediated Uranium Precipitation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 16 (June 10, 2016): 4965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00728-16.
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ABSTRACTDeinococcus radioduransandEscherichia coliexpressing either PhoN, a periplasmic acid phosphatase, or PhoK, an extracellular alkaline phosphatase, were evaluated for uranium (U) bioprecipitation under two specific geochemical conditions (GCs): (i) a carbonate-deficient condition at near-neutral pH (GC1), and (ii) a carbonate-abundant condition at alkaline pH (GC2). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that recombinant cells expressing PhoN/PhoK formed cell-associated uranyl phosphate precipitate under GC1, whereas the same cells displayed extracellular precipitation under GC2. These results implied that the cell-bound or extracellular location of the precipitate was governed by the uranyl species prevalent at that particular GC, rather than the location of phosphatase. MINTEQ modeling predicted the formation of predominantly positively charged uranium hydroxide ions under GC1 and negatively charged uranyl carbonate-hydroxide complexes under GC2. Both microbes adsorbed 6- to 10-fold more U under GC1 than under GC2, suggesting that higher biosorption of U to the bacterial cell surface under GC1 may lead to cell-associated U precipitation. In contrast, at alkaline pH and in the presence of excess carbonate under GC2, poor biosorption of negatively charged uranyl carbonate complexes on the cell surface might have resulted in extracellular precipitation. The toxicity of U observed under GC1 being higher than that under GC2 could also be attributed to the preferential adsorption of U on cell surfaces under GC1. This work provides a vivid description of the interaction of U complexes with bacterial cells. The findings have implications for the toxicity of various U species and for developing biological aqueous effluent waste treatment strategies.IMPORTANCEThe present study provides illustrative insights into the interaction of uranium (U) complexes with recombinant bacterial cells overexpressing phosphatases. This work demonstrates the effects of aqueous speciation of U on the biosorption of U and the localization pattern of uranyl phosphate precipitated as a result of phosphatase action. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that location of uranyl phosphate (cell associated or extracellular) was primarily influenced by aqueous uranyl species present under the given geochemical conditions. The data would be useful for understanding the toxicity of U under different geochemical conditions. Since cell-associated precipitation of metal facilitates easy downstream processing by simple gravity-based settling down of metal-loaded cells, compared to cumbersome separation techniques, the results from this study are of considerable relevance to effluent treatment using such cells.
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Sanin, G. M., N. I. Rukobratsky, and R. E. Baruzdin. "SELECTING ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS FOR WATER TREATMENT MODULES IN THE OIL AND GAS FIELD AREAS OF THE FAR NORTH." Water and Ecology 26, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.1.9-19.
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Introduction. The article provides data on engineering solutions for water treatment modules being part of the utility and drinking water supply complexes in small settlements located in the Far North, where low-turbidity, high-colored waters serve as the surface sources of water supply. These sources include the river networks of the Ob River (including the southern area of the Gulf of Ob, Kara Sea), Pur River, and Taz River (including the Gulf of Taz, Kara Sea). Methods. We present an analysis of the applied water treatment technologies, reagents, and materials, as well as water processing modes, and establish the reasons for the unsatisfactory performance of the operated water treatment modules implementing physical-and-chemical methods of water purification. Results. It is found that the use of granular materials as media for rapid filters (AS, MS, MZhF autocatalytic sorbents) is not very effective since they are intended for the purification of colorless groundwater with a high content of dissociated compounds of divalent iron and manganese. Throughout the year, the modules operate without account for seasonal fluctuations in the qualitative composition of the source water and with reagents that have lost their active properties. Conclusion. Based on the conducted studies, we propose engineering solutions for the purification of low-turbidity, high-colored waters of surface sources, making it possible to achieve target quality indicators complying with the best available technologies.
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Varfolomeev, V. V., V. K. Merts, and I. V. Merts. "Shokpartas: a New Eneolithic Site in Central Saryarka." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. HISTORICAL SCIENCES. PHILOSOPHY. RELIGION Series 134, no. 1 (2021): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2021-134-1-36-48.
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The paper deals with Eneolithic materials of the settlement Shokpartas, which is located on the right side of the mountain range with the same name as the Taldy River in the Central Saryarka. The main archaeological complex of the monument belongs to the late bronze age and contains materials of the BegazyDandybai (Sargarin-Alexeyev) culture, which is part of the common culture of roller ceramics. In 2018, part of an earthen type dwelling was investigated in the settlement. In the cultural layer of the settlement, together with Sargary utensils, were found flaked stone tools and several fragments of pottery with Neolithic appearance. Stratigraphically, it is impossible to separate these two complexes since the early layer is destroyed by later structures. The stone industry of the Eneolithic period is represented by 526 items, among which there are nuclei, bifaces, flakes, and scrapers. They are made of typical local siliceous rocks. A special feature of the collection is the absence of small arrowheads with a notch in the base, which are markers of Eneolithic complexes of the steppe zone. The presence on the monument of remnants of blanks of nuclei, a large amount of broken stone, production waste, allow us to consider it as a storage- workshop for the primary processing of stone. According to the typology of some tools, the raw materials and manufacturing techniques, the materials are found analogical to in the Eneolithic layer 1a of the Shiderty 3 site, as well as in the synchronous monuments of Northern Kazakhstan and Turgai. The stone industry of Shokpartas is associated with a small number of ceramics decorated with «false textiles» with the method of “pulling through «and «combing». This kind of ceramics have similarities with those found in locals, in the South-Western Kulunda, the Upper Irtysh region and in the Middle Trans-Urals. However, «false-textile» ceramics in General are not typical in Saryarka while mainly prevails on the right Bank of the Irtysh in complexes of the Borly 4 type. The age of the artifacts is determined based on stratigraphic observations of the occurrence of stone industries of a similar type at the stratified site of Shiderty 3 and is supplemented by radiocarbon analysis of Eneolithic complexes in Kazakhstan. Based on this, the early materials of the Shokpartas settlement can be tentatively dated within the second half of the IV-turn of the IV-III Millennium BC, assuming a relatively late age within the epoch. It is difficult to clearly determine their cultural affiliation, which is due to the lack of knowledge of the Eneolithic of Central Kazakhstan, so at this stage of problem, Shokportas materials can only be considered within the Ust-Narym-Shiderty circle of monuments, which tends to the Irtysh Region.
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Chanturia, Elena. "PROBLEMS OF COMPLEX AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE PROCESSING OF NATURAL AND MAN-MADE MINERAL RAW MATERIALS (PLAKSIN READINGS – 2021): Review." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 644–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-4-644-654.
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In Vladikavkaz (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) in the period from October 04 – 08, 2021, the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Problems of Mineral Enrichment, the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Institute of Problems of Integrated Development of Mineral Resources named after Academician N.V. Melnikova of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (IPCON RAS), the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education “North Caucasus Mining and Metallurgical Institute (State Technological University (SKGMI (GTU)” held an international conference “Problems of complex and environmentally safe processing of natural and man-made mineral raw materials” (Plaksin Readings – 2021). Plaksin Readings-2021 were attended by 150 representatives from 51 organizations, including 15 academic and 11 industry institutes, 9 large mining and metallurgical companies. The reports were made by scientists from Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Mongolia. Plenary reports were presented by leading scientists in the field of mineral processing: Chanturia V.A., Shadrunova I.V. (Institute of Problems of Integrated Development of Mineral Resources named after Academician N.V. Melnikova RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation); Innovative processes of deep and environmentally safe processing of technogenic raw materials in the context of new economic challenges); DmitrakYu.V. (North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Vladikavkaz, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russian Federation) “The main directions of scientific activity of SCGMI (GTU) in the study and solution of the problem of complex and environmentally safe processing of natural and technogenic mineral raw materials”; Kurkov A.V., Anufrieva S.I., Temnov A.V. (N.M. Fedorovsky All-Russian Research Institute of Mineral Raw Materials of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation) “Prospects for the development and implementation of integrated technologies for processing Subsurface Use waste”; Semyachkov A.I., Pochechun V.A. (Ural State Mining University, Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation) “Methodological foundations for assessing the impact of mining complexes on the environment”; Alborov I.D., Tedeeva F.G. (North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Vladikavkaz, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russian Federation) “Environmental aspects of the conservation of technogenic deposits of non-ferrous metals in the North Caucasus”; Masloboev V.A., Makarov D.V., Klyuchnikova E.M. (Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North, FITC KNC RAS, Apatity, Russian Federation) “Sustainable development of the mining complex of the Murmansk region: minimizing technogenic impacts on the environment”; Ustinov I.D. (NPK “Mechanobr-Technika”, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) “Geometallurgy as the basis of complex processing of mineral raw materials”; Ozhogina E.G., Kotova O.B. (FSBI “All-Russian Research Institute of Mineral Raw Materials named after N.M. Fedorovsky”, Moscow, Russian Federation, FSBI Institute of Geology named after Academician N.P. Yushkin FIT Komi NCUrO RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation) “Technological mineralogy in solving the problem of complex processing of mineral raw materials”. According to the results of the Conference, the importance of the presented results of fundamental and applied research, the high scientific level of reports was noted. The Conference participants agreed that experimental results, scientific developments, and proposed technologies are of undoubted interest and will be in demand in the real sector of the economy. The Conference decided the expediency of supporting the promotion of the initiative to form a state program for the ecological rehabilitation of the land fund and water resources of North Ossetia from the damage caused earlier by the activities of mining enterprises. To provide high-tech industries of Russia with strategic metals (resources) based on complex and environmentally safe processing of natural and manmade mineral raw materials, it is recognized necessary to concentrate the research of leading organizations in the field of mineral processing on the justification and development of innovative processes for extracting valuable components from natural and man-made raw materials.
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Kuzin, Evgenii N., and Nataliya E. Krutchinina. "EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF USE OF COMPLEX COAGULANTS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 10 (October 29, 2019): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5939.
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In the course of the work, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the wastewater of the machine-building enterprises of the Moscow and Penza regions were investigated. It was found that in most cases the most difficult to remove contaminants are oil products entering the wastewater from metal processing operations, as well as heavy metal ions. Due to the lack of separation of stormwater, industrial and domestic sewage systems, the effluent under study had high concentrations of dissolved organic compounds (Biological Oxygen Demand BOD/chemical oxygen demand COD) and suspended solids. Laboratory tests of experimental samples of complex coagulant on waste water of real production were carried out. Normal aluminum sulfate and aluminum sulfate modified with hydrolysis products of titanium tetrachloride (complex coagulant) were used as reagents. It has been established that complex titanium-containing reagents are effective in the processes of coagulation sewage treatment of machine-building enterprises. The process of flocculation and sedimentation proceeded at a high rate due to flocculation reactions on the surface of titanium hydroxo-complexes, as well as nucleation phenomena on the surface of titanium hydroxide particles. The increased efficiency of samples modified by hydrolysis products of titanium coagulant compounds with respect to traditional aluminum sulfate has been proved. The consumption of complex coagulant compared with aluminum sulfate was about 1.25 - 1.5 times lower, while its efficiency is about 5 - 10% higher. The increased efficiency of complex coagulants with respect to the indicators of oil products, COD and color (organic pollutants) was noted, which is due to the developed adsorption surface of titanium hydroxide flakes in comparison with aluminum hydroxide.
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Kumeda, M. O., and L. F. Sukhodub. "The effect of microwave irradiation on the synthesis of hydroxyapatite/biopolymer nanocomposites." Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp12.03.201.
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Microwave irradiation (MWI) in the synthesis of materials has been an actively developing branch of science for the last three decades. Structures based on calcium phosphates (CaP) are one of the most well-known and widely used synthetic biomaterials in orthopedics and dentistry. The main topic of this review is the use of MWI in the formation of biomaterials based on calcium phosphate phases and their complexes with biopolymers (chitosan, alginate, silk fibroin). The physical bases of MW interaction with different materials are considered, including the influence of this irradiation on the structure, physicochemical and mechanical properties of biomaterials (crystallite size, porosity, strength, capability to absorb and release drugs). The main heating mechanisms during MWI are described, namely: the dipolar losses, and losses of conductivity. Important advantages of MWI treatment are reducing processing time, reducing electricity use, reducing waste and improving quality of the synthesized biomaterials. A list and comparison is made of articles describing the production of HA crystals with different morphology (nanowires, spherical, needle- and rod-shaped) with all the initial conditions and their effect on the synthesized material. The latest developments in the field of biomaterials conducted based on the laboratory “Bionanocomposite” of Sumy State University are considered. The original synthesis method of CaP-biopolymer materials is described, as well as the advantages of the synthesized scaffolds over foreign developments. It is expected that this review of the interdisciplinary topic will contribute to the further study of other new applications of microwave technologies in the synthesis of the latest modern biomaterials created by scientists, biomedical engineers in other laboratories and institutions in Ukraine and around the world.
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Anita Szabó. "The effect of increasing compost rates on the yield and nutrient content of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 50 (December 16, 2012): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/50/2578.
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Satisfaction of the increasing needs of humanity causes large environmental load. To provide a livable environment for future generations we have to satisfy our needs with the use of sustainable management. This is one of the biggest challenges of nowadays.The amount of wastes emitted in increasing volume can be decreased by the recycling of them. The disposal of waste materials formed in the public spaces of cities and during the processing of agricultural row materials and by-products in landfills is inconceivable, so they must be recycled.These materials mostly with organic compounds could be the primary substrates of composts. Completed with suitable additives, and applied appropriate treating technology, composts are capable to supply horticultural plants with nutrients. Composting wastes and byproducts not just decreases the amounts of deposited waste materials, but increases the nutrient (macro- and micronutrients) content of soils, so this is an environmentally friendly and alternative way of nutrient management of plants.
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Khokhriakov, Aleksandr, Evgenii Tseitlin, and Gennadii Studenok. "Training of a new generation of environmental professionals as an important part of the national mineral and mining industry competitive advantages creation in the face of the present and future global challenges." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal 1 (February 15, 2022): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2022-1-112-126.
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Introduction. The article presents the main national and global challenges that the Russian natural resources sector faces. The challenges are conditioned by environmental reasons and factors and have far-reaching environmental consequences. The data from open Russian and foreign sources was used to demonstrate the dynamics of various factors that have a direct or indirect impact on the Russian or global environment. These include the manufacturing work of the fuel and energy complex, mineral resources sector, and metallurgical complexes, as well as the volume of waste generation, including solid municipal waste and the volume of their processing, and the emission of greenhouse gases. The economic relationship is shown between industries and their impact on the environment, as well as the relationship between the government and business actions aimed at minimizing adverse environmental effects and their consequences. The main global economic and technological challenges the industry faces in this regard are as follows: increasingly restrictive environmental requirements, need for best available technologies to minimize the associated adverse environmental effects, reduce fossil fuels consumption, namely coal, oil and natural gas. Even more important, is the need to invest in a whole new human capital, in this case, in the training of a new generation of environmental professionals who might make a scientific and technical breakthrough in introducing green technologies. Results and analysis. The paper compiles and analyses major environmental challenges that countries, industries, and particular companies have been facing in the last 10–15–20 years. The indicated issues require new approaches, new technological and scientific breakthroughs, multi-billion investments, and bear multilateral risks. It is shown, a new generation of engineering ecology and ecological management professionals should be trained to address the associated challenges. The new generation of environmental professionals should focus on green and digital technologies, possess fresh views and professional skills, be broad-minded and able to confront the challenges of the time and rapidly changing circumstances. Conclusions. Analysis of the main national and global environmental challenges that the Russian mineral and mining industry faces, shows that new generation professionals’ training is a key pillar in the development of the industry’s competitive advantages. It can be generally stated, that for today there is an approved scientific and educational background that allows to move forward in the new circumstances in terms of training the environmental professionals able to address largescale environmental challenges of the future.
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Kondratiev, S., H. Borozenets, I. Yarmosh, T. Kutuzova, and Yu Chepurnyi. "Radioactive Waste Management at Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plants. State and Challenges." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 2(70) (May 20, 2016): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2016.2(70).09.
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The paper considers methods and approaches to radioactive waste management used at Ukrainian nuclear power plants and advanced technologies to be applied after completed construction of radioactive waste processing facilities at NPP sites.
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Semenko, I. V., and G. A. Tkach. "Unit for the processing of wastes from stock breeding complexes." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 23, no. 2 (February 1987): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01149478.
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