Journal articles on the topic 'Waste paper Recycling Economic aspects Australia'
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1
Ozola, Zanda U., Rudite Vesere, Silvija N. Kalnins, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Paper Waste Recycling. Circular Economy Aspects." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0094.
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Abstract Paper waste is a raw material for a lot of products with different added value. The engineering, economic and environmental aspects of paper waste recycling are analysed for production of composite material, cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals, bricks with paper components, porous carbon, film of biopolymer, enzymatic sugar and bioenergy: bioethanol, hydrogen and biofuel. Through multicriteria analysis, it was possible to determine the most feasible paper waste recycling product in case of four product groups: egg packaging boxes, cardboard, reused paper, cellulose nanomaterials (nanofibers and nanocrystals). The production of cellulose nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals has an advantage over egg packaging and cardboard production as well as reusable paper.
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Mladenović, Milica, Mica Petković, and Irina Cenić. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS AND LEGAL REGULATIONS OF RECYCLING IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 54, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij5403397m.
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The topic of waste management and recycling is becoming very important both in our country andthroughout the world. The goal is to emphasize the importance of the environment, its protection and thepreservation of the world around us. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction. It promotesenvironmental sustainability by removing input raw materials and redirecting waste production into the economicsystem. The question of environmental protection is a question of the future. It is not possible to protect theenvironment if we do not prevent the accumulation of various wastes, the sanctioning of which is constantlypostponed. Urbanization and globalization bring increasing needs of each individual for packaged goods, whichleads to a huge increase in packaging worldwide. The development of industry leads to increased industrial waste.The only way to control waste is recycling treatment. By recycling, in addition to the reduction of waste disposed ofin landfills, we enable re-production, i.e. the use of waste for the re-production of a product. The recycling processhas a huge ecological and economic importance in the system of a country. For a recycling program to work, a large,stable supply of recyclable materials is essential. High-quality recycling can support economic growth bymaximizing the value of waste materials. Three legal options have been used to create such stockpiles: compulsorycollection of recycling, a law on depositing containers and a ban on waste. Compulsory collection laws set recyclingtargets for cities, so a percentage of the material must be diverted from the city's waste stream by a target date. Thecity is responsible for working towards this goal. Recyclable quality not only supports high-quality recycling but canalso bring significant environmental benefits by reducing, reusing and keeping products out of landfills. Anytreatment that is planned to be used in the recycling process must be justified by legal regulations. The keyinstitutional responsibility in the field of waste management lies with the Ministry of Environmental Protection ofthe Republic of Serbia, which, in accordance with the Law on Ministries, performs state administration tasks relatedto: waste management, including hazardous waste, except for radioactive waste; approval of cross-border transportof waste, as well as other tasks specified by law. The paper presents the principle of municipal waste management inthe Republic of Serbia. By reviewing data from abroad, the goals that the Republic of Serbia strives to achieve inthis matter are analyzed, as well as the legal frameworks that regulate the achievement of those goals. The analysisincludes the recycling process itself, its flows, as well as waste management treatments. Concrete ecological andeconomic aspects of recycling that affect life and work in the Republic of Serbia are presented.
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Stallkamp, Christoph, Justus Steins, Manuel Ruck, Rebekka Volk, and Frank Schultmann. "Designing a Recycling Network for the Circular Economy of Plastics with Different Multi-Criteria Optimization Approaches." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 10913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710913.
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A growing plastic production increases the pressure on waste management systems, which have to cope with greater volumes of plastic waste. Increased plastics recycling can reduce environmental impacts by lowering the need for primary plastics production and thus fossil resources demand. Current research is mainly focused on identifying environmentally friendly recycling technologies for different waste streams. However, recycling capacities must also be expanded to handle the waste generated. Therefore, this paper develops multiple exemplary multi-criteria optimization models to design an optimal recycling network. The models are deployed in a case study for plastic packaging waste in Europe for an advanced mechanical recycling process. We compare the different multi-criteria optimization approaches, how they balance environmental and economic aspects differently, and how this affects the recycling network design. Finally, we compare the optimization approaches and find goal programming the most promising approach for recycling network design that ensures a balance between economic and environmental objectives.
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Li, Jie, and Ming Qin Guo. "The Technical and Economic Analysis about Recycled Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1614.
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Concrete is one of the most widely used engineering building material. Using waste concrete to produce recycled aggregate applying in concrete has been highly valued in developed countries, and has achieved significant economic and environmental benefits. China's current large-scale urban construction and road network renovation throughout the country generated a lot of waste concrete, but the technology about the recycled concrete is not widely used. In this paper, from the use of recycled concrete technology, production costs and environmental benefits and other aspects of social, evaluated the recycling using of waste concrete.
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Mihajlović, Ivan. "Burden of industrial waste and potential for recycling: technological, economic and environmental aspects." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0006.
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Abstract Many benefits resulting from the development of the heavy industry are, unfortunately, accompanied by many issues resulting from the process of generating the industrial waste. This manuscript is presenting the environmental consequences, resulting from long period of time of heavy industry production and exploring the possibilities to recycle some of the industrial waste generated during the period of more than one century of ore excavation and copper extraction in the region of Eastern Serbia, in the vicinity of city of Bor. First part of the manuscript is presenting the scope of environmental issues, resulting from the heavy industry in this region and the amounts and the structure of the industrial waste, generated in this area, as well as the influence of generated waste to the environment of the region. Second part of the manuscript is dealing with the potential to recycle and reuse some of this waste, analyzing technological, economic and environmental aspects at the same time. In the final segment of the paper, some practical examples will be addressed based on the research work conducted at both experimental and industrial level. Results presented in the manuscript are mostly collected during long term research of the project team from Technical faculty in Bor, University of Belgrade, in the field of environmental management. This way, this manuscript is based on review of the research papers authored or co-authored by the author of this work, dealing with water, soil and air pollution, published in leading international journals. Also, the manuscript is presenting the literature review of other international issues dealing with the environmental management issues in the vicinity of large industrial complexes. Parts of the research results, presented in this manuscript are financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological development of Republic of Serbia, under the project TR34023.
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Kubatko, Oleksandr V., Oleksandra V. Kubatko, Tetyana I. Sachnenko, and Odevole O. Oluwaseun. "Organization of Business Activities Taking into Account Environmental and Economic Aspects." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation 2021, no. 2 (2021): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2021.92.08.
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One of the most urgent environmental problems today is the pollution of the environment by emissions of harmful substances and industrial waste. The negative impact on the environment and people is becoming more widespread, and its disposal methods inhibit the development of the economic system. In a market economy, entrepreneurs are not interested in increasing environmental costs, which naturally lead to higher production costs and reduce profits. The impact on the environment is becoming more widespread every year and has led to an ecological crisis in some parts of the world. Waste recycling has been constantly discussed since a person “produces” more than 250 kg of household waste per year. At the enterprise, these figures reach 10 000 kg. In recent years, Ukraine has imported about 30-50 thousand tons of PET granulate, which is gradually accumulating in landfills in the form of packaging, bottles, films. Such hazardous pollutants affect the environment through soil and water. In contrast, Ukraine does not yet have successful experience in waste management. In our opinion, such behavior is the ignorance of the population about waste disposal and replacement of a particular product with a more environmentally friendly one. The functioning of enterprises and farms does not always have the equipment to dispose of waste, and there is no room for the disposal of unnecessary products and raw materials. However, the problem of lack of innovative equipment arises due to a lack of adequate funding. Therefore, the lack of possibilities for a comprehensive solution to the situation creates a barrier, which does not allow to take proper measures to eliminate and reduce the amount of garbage. Despite many regulations and legal frameworks for regulating waste management, there is no cost-effective policy, and there is no regional waste management program and plan for their proper disposal. It can be concluded that the recycling and disposal of waste will reduce the need for waste incineration, create conditions for improving the economic component of the region and the country as a whole with an account of environmental quality standards. The paper pays attention to the essence of waste disposal; identified ways to recycle garbage.
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VINOGRADOVA, Elena Valeryevna, Maria Mikhailovna MUKHLYNINA, Dmitry Nikolaevich MUKHLYNIN, Natalia Vladimirovna SOLOVYEVA, and Olga Yevgenievna LEBEDEVA. "Economic and Legal Aspects of Environmental Safety." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 1 (June 23, 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.1(25).18.
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The paper is devoted to the economic and legal aspects of environmental safety in modern conditions. It is proved that there are the necessary initial data and rationalizing materials for the introduction in accordance with the established procedure of the normative indicators of the lower threshold of environmental safety. It has been established that in the economically developed countries considerable experience in recycling household waste has been accumulated. It is determined that there are all grounds to assert that, at the present level of development of science and technology, it is technologically possible to ensure environmental safety through the rational use of natural resources, the introduction of wasteless complexes, resource and energy-saving facilities. Practice has shown that in the legislation of the Russian Federation the issues of rational use of natural resources are poorly reflected. These issues were studied in detail in the governmental plans, which in the previous period had the status of laws.
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Werner, Denis, Urs Alexander Peuker, and Thomas Mütze. "Recycling Chain for Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries." Metals 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030316.
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The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is becoming increasingly important with regard to environmental, economic, geostrategic, and health aspects due to the increasing amount of LIB produced, introduced into the market, and being spent in the following years. The recycling itself becomes a challenge to face on one hand the special aspects of LIB-technology and on the other hand to reply to the idea of circular economy. In this paper, we analyze the different recycling concepts for spent LIBs and categorize them according to state-of-the-art schemes of waste treatment technology. Therefore, we structure the different processes into process stages and unit processes. Several recycling technologies are treating spent lithium-ion batteries worldwide focusing on one or several process stages or unit processes.
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Xue, Renzheng, Fengbin Zhang, and Feng Tian. "A System Dynamics Model to Evaluate Effects of Retailer-Led Recycling Based on Dual Chains Competition: A Case of e-Waste in China." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 23, 2018): 3391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103391.
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China, as the largest electronic waste producer in the world, is facing a critical challenge to manage its negative impacts on the environment. Hence, e-waste management is crucial for sustainable Chinese economic development. In this paper, a system dynamics model is adopted to identify the effects of retailer-led recycling based on closed-loop dual chains competition. The influence of contracts made by manufacturers on different retail modes is also discussed. From the aspects of total revenue (TR), market share (MS) and market competitiveness (MC), this paper analyzes the impact of e-waste recycling coefficient (ERC) on supply chain and analyzes the equilibrium solution of total supply chain return. The research results show that the contract incentive mechanism can improve the retailer’s recycling enthusiasm, and the effect on the retail mode of executive shop is more obvious. When the ERC is adjusted to 44.3%, the TR of supply chain is optimal, and the MS and MC occupy an obvious advantage.
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Liu, Hengyu, Hongyu Li, Hongyi Liang, Dairong Luo, and Tianxing Ma. "Recycling of solid waste resources helps rural revitalization: taking Huayuan County as an example." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 25 (December 13, 2022): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v25i.3487.
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Huayuan County is the first initiative of "targeted poverty alleviation", the county has vigorously developed the mining economy in the past to grow, but the ecological environment has also been seriously damaged, solid waste urgently needs to be treated. To this end, this paper proposes a treatment scheme for goaf, tailings pond and waste rock dump. It also provides guiding suggestions for waste-free mining in the future, effectively reducing the damage to the local environment, reducing the cost of solid waste treatment, and improving the economic benefits of the mine. Finally, the risks that the program may encounter are analyzed from the technical and policy aspects.
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ALECU, GEORGETA, and WILHELM KAPPEL. "PRECIOUS METALS RECOVERED BY URBAN MINING." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 7, no. 1 (March 5, 2022): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2022.7.1.29.
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The circular economy generates major environmental benefits, which result from the use of energy and renewable materials or from reuse and recycling. Being a complex mixture of materials and components, from an economic point of view, the separate collection and recycling of electronic and electric wastes can be cost-effective for products because they contain many hazardous substances, rare or precious metals. This paper presents some aspects regarding the waste with high content of precious or nonferrous metals contained in the electronic/electrical components. Their presence in electronic/electrical waste makes it necessary to recycle and treat them in an ecological way, generating a true industrial symbiosis. In the paper this fact is exemplified by the presentation of a reconditioning-recovery technology that allows the full recovery of all components of some types of electrical contacts widely used in economics. Disposable or defective electrical contact waste was used, as well as technological waste resulting from the manufacture of electrical contact pieces.
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Pangestika, Annisa Widya, Ova Candra Dewi, and Nisrina Dewi Salsabila. "Papercrete and Recipanel as Wall Material: An Environmental Sustainability Review." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 23, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v23i2.31325.
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This study aims to review the relation between papercrete and recipanel (wall materials from recycled paper) with indicators of material sustainability in environmental aspects. Recycling paper into wall material is one of the ways to overcome the increasing amount of paper waste in Indonesia. Waste recycling is related to the concept of sustainability, namely the triple bottom line of the concept of sustainability. A literature review of waste management, recycled paper, and recycled paper as wall material were conducted in terms of environmental sustainability. This study was conducted by integrating the theoretical understanding of waste, walls, wall material products from recycled paper and discussion of its impact in terms of the sustainability of recycled paper as alternative wall material. From this study, it was found that the relationship between the characteristics of papercrete and walls on the sustainability of recycled paper brought forward four positive values and two negative values. Meanwhile, the relation between recipanel and wall characteristics on the sustainability of recycled paper carries four positive values and two negative values. Thus, the recycled paper used as wall material with examples of papercrete and recipanel products may still be suitable for use as wall material in Indonesia. Suggestions resulted from this study that might be implemented in the future are to increase the durability of materials derived from recycled paper and to conduct studies that discuss wall materials derived from recycled paper from social and economic aspects in terms of sustainability.
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Cobîrzan, Nicoleta, Radu Muntean, Gyorgy Thalmaier, and Raluca-Andreea Felseghi. "Recycling of Mining Waste in the Production of Masonry Units." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020594.
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Masonry units made of clay or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) are widely used in constructions from Romania and other countries. Masonry units with superior mechanical and thermal characteristics can improve the energy efficiency of buildings, especially when they are used as the main solutions for building envelope construction. Their production in recent years has increased vertiginously to meet the increased demand. Manufactured with diversified geometries, different mechanical and/or thermal characteristics have a high volume in the mass of the building and a major influence in their carbon footprint. Starting from the current context regarding the target imposed by the long-term strategy of built environment decarbonization, the aim of the paper is to analyze the potential of reusing mining waste in the production of masonry units. Mining waste represents the highest share of waste generated at national level and may represent a valuable resource for the construction industry, facilitating the creation of new jobs and support for economic development. This review presents the interest in integrating mining wastes in masonry unit production and the technical characteristics of the masonry units in which they have been used as raw materials in different percentages. Critical assessment framework using SWOT analysis highlights the key sustainability aspects (technical, environmental, social, economic) providing a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the advantages and disadvantages regarding the integration of mining waste as secondary raw materials into masonry units production.
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Velichko, Evgeniy, and Eduard Tskhovrebov. "Insights into the state of affairs and possible ways to improve secondary material waste management." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604066.
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The paper focuses on the statutory regulation and ways of im-proving secondary materials management, their use as secondary raw ma-terials for the manufacture of goods, provision of works, services, as well as power generation. It is shown that due to the economic factor, only read-ily available and valuable waste, particularly, ferrous and non-ferrous met-al scrap and waste, high-grade paper, pure textiles, plastic and wood waste, glass scrap, some mineral waste from the electric power, metal, chemical industries, construction and demolition of buildings, structures, construc-tion materials industry are injected back into the economy. Obviously, bet-ter legal, economic, organizational and technical aspects of recycling will help tackle the fundamental environmental challenges currently faced by the Russian Federation, as well as contribute to its policy geared towards conservation of strategic natural resources and long-term sustainable eco-nomic development.
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Knowles, James A. "National solid waste management plan for Iraq." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 27, no. 4 (May 26, 2009): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x09104129.
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After decades of turmoil and international sanctions much of the key civil infrastructure within Iraq has fallen into disrepair, leading to a considerable decline in the provision of basic and essential municipal services. This is particularly true of waste and resource management services that have seen years of underdevelopment and deterioration. This has resulted in a lack of provision of basic public services in the waste sector which have been replaced by a burgeoning unregulated informal market in waste collection, disposal and recycling. In response, a National Solid Waste Management Plan (NSWMP) for Iraq was developed in 2007, to plan for the strategic development of all aspects of waste management in the country over the coming 20 years. In particular, the NSWMP focuses on policy development and integrated planning regarding regulatory framework, economic aspects, institutional capacity, citizen and technical education, and technical and operational development. This paper summarizes the key objectives, challenges and subsequent recommendations contained in the NSWMP for Iraq.
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C.B., Afangideh. "ELECTRONIC WASTE: THE PAINS AND THE GAINS." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2022.v0901.004.
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This paper presents an assessment of e-waste with respect to rate of generation, composition, risk and recycling potential. Data were extracted from published works and further analysed to provide insight into these aspects of e-waste management. Results showed that Nigeria has one of the highest per capita rate of e-waste generation (7kg/capita/year) as a result of heavy reliance on used electrical and electronic equipment as well as export of e-waste by developed countries. Television sets and personal computers constitute 55% of the total e-waste generated. Lead and copper present very high risk because of their wide application in printed circuit boards (PCB) which are used in virtually all electrical and electronic equipment and cathode ray tubes of television sets and personal computer monitors. Other metals found in e-waste include mercury, cadmium and arsenic have been implicated in severe health problems such as cancer, lung disease, renal failure and brain damage. This paper further revealed that the risk associated with improper disposal of e-waste can be reduced by recycling and re-use. E-waste from mobile phone alone has an economic potential of ₤186,000,000 or N89,000,000,000 which is equivalent to 4,886,550 barrels of crude oil. Gold component of mobile phone account for 68% of this potential revenue.
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Taffese, Woubishet Zewdu. "Suitability Investigation of Recycled Concrete Aggregates for Concrete Production: An Experimental Case Study." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (September 30, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8368351.
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In developing countries, construction and demolition waste (CDW) is disposed to landfill, causing social, environmental, and economic crises. In these nations, CDW exponentially increase due to their rapid economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization. This paper aims to examine the possibility of recycling concrete waste for production of new concrete in Ethiopia. Physical and mechanical characteristics of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) acquired from concrete waste are thoroughly examined. Though the RCA exhibited relatively lesser performance compared with the natural coarse aggregate (NCA), it reveals the same properties as of normal-weight aggregates in several instances. The performance of concrete specimens which employ RCA up to 20% is evaluated from workability, strength, and permeability aspects. The utilization of RCA slightly affects the workability and the water permeability properties of the concretes. Replacement of 10% of the NCA by the RCA enhances the compressive strength of the hardened concrete by 8%. The difference between the splitting tensile strength of the concretes which employ RCA and conventional aggregates is trivial. Generally, this work demonstrates the practicability of concrete waste recycling to produce new concrete or construction materials in Ethiopian context.
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Zhou, Gui Liang, Yan Ru Zhu, and Li Na Mao. "Design of the Electronic Waste Recycle Network System Based on GIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 518 (February 2014): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.381.
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The output of the electronic waste has increased greatly along with the economic development and improvement of peoples living standard. It has become a difficult research problem that how to recycle the electronic waste efficiently. The paper forecasts the total quantity of the electronic waste based on the status analysis on the electronic waste recycles. Then it gives the operation sites in the recycle system such as recycling site, disassembly/test center, disposal factory, etc. through forecast and GIS combining with the general process of the electronic waste recycle. Finally, it designs the integral electronic waste recycle system based on GIS, and applies the design to the electronic waste recycle system of Huaian. Furthermore, it carries out overall evaluation from three aspects: economy, environment protection and society according to the application result. The evaluation shows good result.
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Pratelli, Antonio, Patrizia Cinelli, Maurizia Seggiani, Giovanna Strangis, and Massimiliano Petri. "Agricultural Plastic Waste Management." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 18 (December 31, 2022): 1312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2022.18.124.
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This article aims at describing both the studies and results implemented in the framework of the H2020-EU research project “RECOVER: New bio-recycling routes for food packaging and agricultural plastic waste” which deals with the sustainability of innovative biodegradation processes for plastic waste and production, in any environmental, social, economic and safety matters. In such a framework, the POLOG University Centre (Livorno, Italy), reconstructed and analyzed the actual farm plastic waste supply chain, as described in the following sections. The first section is introductive and it has been intended as a primer to the most common different types of plastic materials. The second section has deserved to be a state of the art on the most relevant issues raised in plastic waste management. The third section deals with suitable approaches to address the environmental side effects of rapidly growing plastics production, use, and disposal. Some of these approaches were listed, such as physical treatment of the polymeric components, plastic reduction use and employment as much as mechanical and/or chemical recycling and energy recovery. The fourth section shows how some of the above main issues, which raise coping with plastic reduction and recycling, are suited to be coped with from a logistics perspective. Such logistics belong to the basic needs due to tackling any plastic waste supply chain, i.e. collection and transport to intermediate stock and final delivery to recycling plants and/or brownfields, applying the set of methodologies and techniques drawn from the well-known field of pick-up-and-delivery models. These last tasks become crucial when the main effort has addressed the enforcement of any feasible changes from the use of items made in old high environmental intrusive to their replacement with new agricultural and biodegradable plastics. The paper goes to end presenting shortly of a few suitable solutions that could be proposed and applied to the entire plastic waste supply chain. Finally, some concrete aspects of each phase of the supply chain were discussed and it was highlighted how much each of these can be best used in addressing the problem known throughout the world as the problem of the emergency of old plastic waste.
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Travieso-Puente, R., C. Martín-Pérez, N. González-Castro, E. Rodríguez-Senín, J. Vidal-Navarro, G. Vicente-Guerrero, and S. L. Veldman. "ECO-CLIP: circular economy from factory waste material towards aircraft structural components." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1226, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1226/1/012104.
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Abstract This paper discusses the development of short fibre frame clips and system brackets made from recycling CF/LMPAEK factory waste composites employing two technologies (injection molding and 3D-printing). The project will develop and validate fused deposition modeling (FDM) as cost-efficient process to manufacture system brackets using the novel formulation of recycled composite as raw material. Energy directors development for ultrasonic welding is presented for successful joining of the clips to the fuselage, avoiding fasteners. The manufactured parts will be assembled into the lower half of the multifunctional fuselage demonstrator. The results were developed within ECO-CLIP project, which aims to: (1) assess technical aspects of material recyclability and (2) assess the economic and environmental validity of the technology.
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Škůrková, Katarína Lestyánszka, and Manuela Ingaldi. "Recycling Process of the Aluminium Cans as an Example of the Renewable Material Sources." Advanced Materials Research 1001 (August 2014): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1001.103.
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Nowadays recovery technologies of the renewable material sources are searched. Aluminium is one of the materials recovered in this way. It is recovered primarily from used beverage cans. These cans are normally back on supermarket shelves as new beverage cans in 6-8 weeks. With a growing percentage of the cans made from aluminium, because of its lightweight qualities, this ensures a healthy market for aluminium can recycling. The main aim of the paper was to show Economic aspects of waste utilization and to present a process of Recycling of the aluminium can. In this way it was possible to show that the concept of renewable material sources is not just a theoretical concept, but the action visible in the economy and very desired by the company due to the reduction of the production costs.
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Pento, Tapio. "Industrial Ecology of the Paper Industry." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1999): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0690.
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Industrial ecology (IE) is a biological concept applied to industrial structures. The basic concepts of IE include regional, intra-firm and product-based waste recycling systems as well as the principle of upward and downward cascading. In best current examples of regional systems, several parties are in an industrial waste re-use symbiosis. Paper industry has learned to arrange the recovery and re-use of its products on distant markets, even up to a level where indications of exceeding optimal recovery and re-use rates already exist through deteriorated fibre and product quality. Such occurrences will take place in certain legislative-economic situations. Paper industry has many cascade levels, each with their internal recovery and recycling, as well as many intra-firm, regional, and life cycle ecology structures. As an example of prospects for individual cascading routes, sludges may continue to be incinerated, but the route to landfills will be closed. The main obstacles of legislative drive toward better IE systems are in many cases existing laws and political considerations rather than economic or technical aspects. The study and practice of engineering human technology systems and related elements of natural systems should develop in such a way that they provide quality of life by actively managing the dynamics of relevant systems to reduce the risk and scale of undesirable behavior and outcomes. For the paper industry, earth systems engineering offers several development routes. One of them is the further recognition of and research on the fact that the products of the industry are returned back to the carbon cycle of the natural environment. Opportunities for modifying current earth systems may also be available for the industry, e.g. genetically modified plants for raw materials or organisms for making good quality pulp out of current raw materials. It is to be recognized that earth systems engineering may become a very controversial area, and that very diverse political pressures may determine its future usefulness to the paper industry.
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Novotná, Martina, Ivana Faltová Leitmanová, Jiří Alina, and Tomáš Volek. "Capital Intensity and Labour Productivity in Waste Companies." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 10300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410300.
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At first glance, it might seem that the economic aspects of sustainability in terms of waste management have resolved themselves already in areas of activity. In reality, however, companies in this area also need to address how to ensure their future operations. The primary priority for companies in the area of waste disposal is to provide efficient collection, sorting, and recycling, effectively using company resources. The goal of this paper was to explore the relation between capital intensity and the productivity of labour in companies in the waste sector in the countries of the Visegrad Group (V4), and consequently, to define the bonds among economic indicators in the form of the economic normal. The study used data from 875 enterprises from the V4 countries, which were divided into categories according to the development of capital intensity and labour productivity. This study found that companies mainly implement modest investment development, which was characterised by the high effectiveness of capital usage, diminishing labour productivity, low labour endowment, but at the same time, increasing profitability. The reason for the labour productivity decrease was due to the growing proportional cost of labour. This trend was typical for most of the large-sized and middle-sized companies, whereas for most small companies, there was a dominant severe capital development with decreasing labour productivity and relatively high profitability of incomes. The smallest representation takes companies with capital-intensive development with the positive development of all monitored economic indicators.
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Plastinina, Iuliia, Lyudmila Teslyuk, Nataliya Dukmasova, and Elena Pikalova. "Implementation of Circular Economy Principles in Regional Solid Municipal Waste Management: The Case of Sverdlovskaya Oblast (Russian Federation)." Resources 8, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8020090.
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The circular economy entails the principles of rational waste management to the best advantage. Waste management in the Russian Federation is currently in a reform process, thus it is crucial to choose now the most efficient way for its development. Besides, in addition to general government strategic aims in such a vast country such as Russia, it is very important to take into consideration specific aspects typical of its territories, which will allow determining regional areas of activities. The article analyzes current municipal solid waste management in the Russian Federation. The case study is of one of the regions (Sverdlovskaya Oblast) characterized by some typical and specific problems which illustrate the results of the first stage of reforming. The authors analyzed the existing and planned mechanisms of state regulation in the waste management sector at regional and federal levels, and scrutinized changes in legislation. The development level of the circular economy in the region was determined on the basis of the index method. The life cycle analysis (LCA)-based evaluation approach made it possible to evaluate the economic efficiency of the production and economic activities at different stages of municipal solid waste (waste paper) recycling with due regard to externalities. The research showed that despite the current substantial economic potential of the secondary resources’ (waste paper) reuse, there was a low level of development of the circular economy index. Regional factors hindering and fostering the circular economy development were identified. Recommendations for improving the quality of governance of the municipal solid waste management were formulated.
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Koreivienė, Judita, Jūratė Karosienė, Jūratė Kasperovičienė, Ričardas Paškauskas, Bogusława Łęska, Radosław Pankiewicz, Loreta Juškaitė, et al. "EU Project of LIFE Programme ‘Algae Service for LIFE’ Develops Ecologicaly Sustainable Bioproducts from Freshwater Cyanobacteria and Macroalgae Biomas." Botanica 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2019-0019.
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Abstract‘Algae Service for LIFE’, the project supported by the European Union, seeks to promote best practices in ecological service and the circular economy by implementing innovative complex system of three interlinked elements: i) prototypes for harvesting of cyanobacteria and macroalgae biomass; ii) distant methods for surveying of the blooms and defining hot-spots of algal agglomerations; and iii) restitution of harvesting costs by redesigning of waste algal biomass into valuable products. The current paper describes application of algal biomass part of the project by providing actions in redesigning of harvested waste biomass of cyanobacteria and macroalgae into potential valuable products for sustainable management and recycling of environmental resources. It also highlights the socio-economic aspects of the project and added value of the project for the European Union.
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Ruan, Jia, and Wan Na. "The Construction and Planning of Multi-Project Management System." Open House International 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2017-b0017.
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The contradiction between economic development and resource environment has become increasingly acute with the continuous societal and industrial development. The implementation of waste and renewable resource recycling can alleviate the conflict. The multi-project management theory was applied to the construction of an industrial park based on the characteristics of the circular economy theory. In this paper, the basic definition of circular economy and industrial parks was expounded, and the application of circular economy in the planning of parks was studied from five major aspects. From industrial selection, property function and volume allocation planning, industrial park planning and design were studied. Starting from the function structure of the park, the setting of the slag yard outside the park, the green land and the landscape, the road planning of the park, the planning of industrial parks of chemical recycling economy in Gansu was studied. Through empirical analysis, theoretical support and model reference were provided for the construction of circular economy in other industrial parks.
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Mmereki, Daniel. "Current status of waste management in Botswana: A mini-review." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 7 (June 4, 2018): 555–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18772097.
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Effective waste management practices are not all about legislative solutions, but a combination of the environmental, social, technical, technically skilled human resources, financial and technological resources, resource recycling, environmental pollution awareness programmes and public participation. As a result of insufficient resources, municipal solid waste (MSW) in transition and developing countries like Botswana remains a challenge, and it is often not yet given highest priority. In Botswana, the environment, public health and other socio-economic aspects are threatened by waste management practices due to inadequate implementation and enforcement mechanisms of waste management policy. This mini-review paper describes the panorama of waste management practices in Botswana and provides information to competent authorities responsible for waste management and to researchers to develop and implement an effective waste management system. Waste management practices in Botswana are affected by: lack of effective implementation of national waste policy, fragmented tasks and overlapping mandates among relevant institutions; lack of clear guidelines on the responsibilities of the generators and public authorities and on the associated economic incentives; and lack of consistent and comprehensive solid waste management policies; lack of intent by decision-makers to prepare national waste management plans and systems, and design and implement an integrated sustainable municipal solid waste management system. Due to these challenges, there are concerns over the growing trend of the illegal dumping of waste, creating mini dumping sites all over the country, and such actions jeopardize the efforts of lobbying investors and tourism business. Recommendations for concerted efforts are made to support decision makers to re-organize a sustainable waste management system, and this paper provides a reference to other emerging economies in the region and the world.
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Areias, A. "Political-economic, social and environmental aspects of sugar cane biomass use for the electrical energy generation." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1332020826.
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Energy produced through biomass, when produced in an efficient and sustainable way, generates a series of environmental, economic and social benefits when compared to the use of fossil fuels. Benefits such as better land management, job creation, efficient use of agricultural areas, provision of modern energy vectors to rural communities, reduction of CO2 emissions, waste control and nutrient recycling can be highlighted. This paper discusses the contributions of energy co-generation, from biomass, to the supplementation of electric energy, reduction of environmental impacts and generation of employment. The aim was to understand the impact of public policies to increase the efficiency of the sugar-energy sector and if there was an increase in employment and manpower in the field, as well as reduction of environmental impacts by reducing the consumption of other less renewable sources of energy within the State from São Paulo. In order to carry out this study, it was necessary to analyze the social, economic and agronomic indicators and the energy plans that aim at the development of the sector, such as the National Energy Plan and the Paulista Energy Plan.
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Abbasi, Sina, Maryam Daneshmand-Mehr, and Armin Ghane Kanafi. "Designing Sustainable Recovery Network of End-of-Life Product during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Real and Applied Case Study." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (October 10, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6967088.
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One of the most important aspects of supply chain management (SCM) is the recovery network (RN), which covers all activities associated with return products (such as collection, recovery, repair, recycling, and waste disposal). Our goal in this paper is to provide a new mathematical model of sustainable end-of-life management (SEOLM) during the COVID-19 pandemic for readers. The suggested recovery network model (RNM) can explain the trade-offs between economic (minimizing total costs), environmental (minimizing bad environmental impacts), and social (minimizing bad social impacts) aspects during the pandemic and the great lockdown. A new RN can be designed with a sustainable and hygienic design when taking environmental, economic, and social considerations into account. It proposes guidelines for managers and scholars on how to address recovery network design (RND) challenges during the pandemic through a mathematical article with a sustainable approach. The scalarization approach of a multi-objective mixed-integer programming (MOMIP) problem in this paper is the weighted sum method. The validation of the presented model and the related Pareto frontier has been illustrated by a case study and numerical example. To perform the optimization process, Lingo software is used.
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Harison, Elad, and Ofer Barkai. "Improving The Organization Of Waste Management Sites: An Operational Perspective." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2012): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v10i11.7364.
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Waste management (WM) operations include a broad variety of processes that aim at removing waste from industrial and private facilities. The waste is treated in different ways in waste management sites, which engage in recycling, landfilling and incinerating.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The paper examines the effects of the organization of the WM site and its internal work procedures on its productivity and efficiency, measured by the quantity of processed waste and recycled material. The improvement of waste processing is essential from the environmental standpoint, but has also operational and economic aspects that are important for the proper operation of WM sites.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>
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Kachmar, N., O. Mazurak, A. Dydiv, and T. Bahday. "Experience of certain countries in electronic and electric waste management." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 90 (April 26, 2019): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9010.
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The paper present result of research concerning the problems of handling electronic and electrical waste that households produce at home and analysed the main problems associated with this issue in Ukraine and in the world. The object of the study was telephones (ukrainians use 53.6 million mobile communication devices), refrigerators, washing machines and TVs. The production of electrical and electronic equipment is one of the fastest growing global manufacturing activities. This development has resulted in an increase of waste electric and electronic equipment which constitute a risk to the environment and sustainable economic growth. Recycling of electronic and electrical waste is very expensive. There is a problem with electronic and electrical waste in Ukraine. To accumulate in the soil or to burn these waste is harmful. Every year on our planet about 50 million tons of electronic waste are generated. It was established that 53% of the interviewed students changed 1 phone in the last three years, 24% – 2 phones and 7% – more than 3. Students wanted a new phone. Most of the phones are at home, and the rest were given to their relatives or thrown into the trash. Ukrainians replace refrigerators, TVs and washing machines less often. Most Ukrainians change refrigerators. The largest amount of electronic waste is produced in Australia, New Zealand and Oceania (17.3 kg per inhabitant), in Europe – 16.6 kg per inhabitant and 11.6 kg waste per inhabitant of North and South America. In Japan, Norway, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and Poland, the process of disposal of used home appliances is well organized. However, economically developed countries utilize only part of the waste in their territory, while the rest are exported to landfills in Pakistan, Vietnam, Nigeria. The world's largest dump of electronic and electrical waste is in Ghana. To address potential environmental problems that could stem from improper management of WEEE, many countries and organizations have drafted national legislation to improve the reuse, recycling and other forms of material recovery from WEEE to reduce the amount and types of materials disposed in landfills.
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Mazhandu, Zvanaka S., Edison Muzenda, Tirivaviri A. Mamvura, Mohamed Belaid, and Trust Nhubu. "Integrated and Consolidated Review of Plastic Waste Management and Bio-Based Biodegradable Plastics: Challenges and Opportunities." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 8360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208360.
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Cumulative plastic production worldwide skyrocketed from about 2 million tonnes in 1950 to 8.3 billion tonnes in 2015, with 6.3 billion tonnes (76%) ending up as waste. Of that waste, 79% is either in landfills or the environment. The purpose of the review is to establish the current global status quo in the plastics industry and assess the sustainability of some bio-based biodegradable plastics. This integrative and consolidated review thus builds on previous studies that have focused either on one or a few of the aspects considered in this paper. Three broad items to strongly consider are: Biodegradable plastics and other alternatives are not always environmentally superior to fossil-based plastics; less investment has been made in plastic waste management than in plastics production; and there is no single solution to plastic waste management. Some strategies to push for include: increasing recycling rates, reclaiming plastic waste from the environment, and bans or using alternatives, which can lessen the negative impacts of fossil-based plastics. However, each one has its own challenges, and country-specific scientific evidence is necessary to justify any suggested solutions. In conclusion, governments from all countries and stakeholders should work to strengthen waste management infrastructure in low- and middle-income countries while extended producer responsibility (EPR) and deposit refund schemes (DPRs) are important add-ons to consider in plastic waste management, as they have been found to be effective in Australia, France, Germany, and Ecuador.
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Bortali, Meryem, Mohamed Rabouli, Madiha Yessari, and Abdelowahed Hajjaji. "Characterizing Harbor Dredged Sediment for Sustainable Reuse as Construction Material." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031834.
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An unprecedented rate of construction has profoundly increased the risk of scarcity of natural resources and threatened ecosystem sustainability. To establish an effective sustainable development policy, it is imperative to promote the use of responsible production channels, including waste recycling. Reuse of harbor dredged sediment is commonly investigated as a valuable alternative to non-renewable natural resources needed for construction. Sediment characterization is decisive in the valorization process, aiming to identify potential recycling paths. Existing research efforts, however, have rarely investigated case studies in developing countries. Moreover, they have tended to focus on the technical aspects, ignoring economic feasibility, which carries important implications. This paper fills this gap first by meticulously selecting laboratory tests for characterization within the means available in developing countries and second by conducting a cost-benefit analysis. The port of Safi, Morocco, was chosen for the implementation of the adopted approach. Results showed that dredged sediment is a sand readily reusable as a construction aggregate. Several applications are possible, the most interesting one being concrete works, as a substitute for conventional sand. While treatment by washing and dehydrating proved necessary, cost-benefit analysis confirmed the profitability of recycling. Hence, beneficial reuse of dredged sediment as construction material is technically and economically feasible.
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Zuo, Jian, Bo Xia, Jake Barker, and Martin Skitmore. "Green buildings for greying people." Facilities 32, no. 7/8 (April 28, 2014): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-08-2011-0060.
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Purpose – This paper aims to identify the critical issues to be considered by developers and practitioners when embarking on their first green residential retirement project in Australia. With an increasingly ageing population and widespread acceptance of the need for sustainable development in Australia, the demand for green retirement villages is increasing. Design/methodology/approach – In view of the lack of adequate historical data for quantitative analysis, a case study approach is used to examine the successful delivery of green retirement villages. Face-to-face interviews and document analyses were conducted for data collection. Findings – The findings of the study indicate that one of the major obstacles to the provision of affordable green retirement villages is the higher initial costs involved. However, positive aspects were identified, the most significant of which relate to the innovative design of site and floor plans; adoption of thermally efficient building materials; orientation of windows; installation of water harvesting and recycling systems, water conservation fittings and appliances; and waste management during the construction stage. With the adoption of these measures, it is believed that sustainable retirement development can be achieved without significant additional capital costs. Practical implications – The research findings serve as a guide for developers in decision-making throughout the project life-cycle when introducing green features into the provision of affordable retirement accommodation. Originality/value – This paper provides insights into the means by which affordable green residential retirement projects for aged people can be successfully completed.
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ZVARYCH, Roman, and Iryna ZVARYCH. "EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY IN THE CONCEPT OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 3(60) (2019): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2019.03.076.
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Introduction. The research of theoretical principles of extended producer responsibility realization needs the identification of potential models of waste collection and disposal for Ukraine. Risks, threats and challenges of improving waste management efficiency provide significant business opportunities. As a result, the circular system allows efficient movement of materials, energy, labor and information for the purpose of restoring natural and social capital. Therefore, the circular economy is part of an effort to increase economic development, overcome wasteful consumption, and reduces undemocratic power structures in the global economy. Purpose. The objective of this paper is to analyze the theoretical bases of the implementation of extended producer responsibility and to research applied aspects of the concept of development the circular economy. Methods. In the research process, a set of research methods and approaches were used: monographic and graphical methods, methods of system analysis, systematization, classification, logical, theoretical and generalizations. Results. Strategic decisions of the circular economy are based on the operational determination of the process: “raw material-production-utilization-remaking” as a whole. It is necessary to prove to the companies in Ukraine their ability to protect the environment from the use of the extended producer responsibility strategy. Industrial waste funds need to be created for businesses that do not have environmentally friendly recycling technologies. Local Government should separate waste collection, sorting and recycling. Conclusions.It is advisable to research the concept of circular economy development and extended producer responsibility on the basis of national and foreign experience on circularity of economy, its concepts and variations. Bad reputations influence the stock quotes of corporations on international exchanges and economically justify the potential consequences of the colossal losses of the company. Corporate responsibility in European companies comes as a result of severe penalties for failing to comply with environmental standards.
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Ghosh, Ashmita, Debnirmalya Gangopadhyay, and Tanmay Chowdhury. "Economical and Environmental Importance of Mulberry: A Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 3, no. 02 (July 31, 2017): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v3i02.10437.
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Mulberry is a very hardy and fast growing perennial plant belonging to the genus Morus of the family Moraceae. The leaf of mulberry is solely used for feeding and rearing of the silkworm, Bombyx mori for the production of silk yarn. It is estimated that mulberry silk contributes around 90 % of the total global raw silk production and it is a very attractive economic activities mostly to the rural people. In addition to the utilization of mulberry leaves as silkworm feed, it is being used for many other purposes also. For example, the mulberry fruit due to its high nutritive value and delicious taste is getting importance as valuable foodstuff. The mulberry bark and wood are also useful for manufacturing of paper and sports goods items. Recently, evaluation of several pharmacological compounds of medicinal importance present in mulberry plant opens up new avenues of research in the medical science. This paper reviews the economical as well as environmental importance of mulberry taking into account several aspects of its role as animal feed, foodstuff, phytomedicine and remediation of polluted soils and atmosphere etc. Finally, an outline of environmental friendly ecological model combining sericulture with animal husbandry recycling the waste resources has been proposed from economic point of view.
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Nascimento, Daniel Luiz Mattos, Viviam Alencastro, Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves Quelhas, Rodrigo Goyannes Gusmão Caiado, Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes, Luis Rocha-Lona, and Guilherme Tortorella. "Exploring Industry 4.0 technologies to enable circular economy practices in a manufacturing context." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 30, no. 3 (April 15, 2019): 607–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-03-2018-0071.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how rising technologies from Industry 4.0 can be integrated with circular economy (CE) practices to establish a business model that reuses and recycles wasted material such as scrap metal or e-waste. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative research method was deployed in three stages. Stage 1 was a literature review of concepts, successful factors and barriers related to the transition towards a CE along with sustainable supply chain management, smart production systems and additive manufacturing (AM). Stage 2 comprised a conceptual framework to integrate and evaluate the synergistic potential among these concepts. Finally, stage 3 validated the proposed model by collecting rich qualitative data based on semi-structured interviews with managers, researchers and professors of operations management to gather insightful and relevant information. Findings The outcome of the study is the recommendation of a circular model to reuse scrap electronic devices, integrating web technologies, reverse logistics and AM to support CE practices. Results suggest a positive influence from improving business sustainability by reinserting waste into the supply chain to manufacture products on demand. Research limitations/implications The impact of reusing wasted materials to manufacture new products is relevant to minimising resource consumption and negative environmental impacts. Furthermore, it avoids hazardous materials ending up in landfills or in the oceans, seriously threatening life in ecosystems. In addition, reuse of wasted material enables the development of local business networks that generate jobs and improve economic performance. Practical implications First, the impact of reusing materials to manufacture new products minimises resource consumption and negative environmental impacts. The circular model also encourages keeping hazardous materials that seriously threaten life in ecosystems out of landfills and oceans. For this study, it was found that most urban waste is plastic and cast iron, leaving room for improvement in increasing recycling of scrap metal and similar materials. Second, the circular business model promotes a culture of reusing and recycling and motivates the development of collection and processing techniques for urban waste through the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies and Industry 4.0. In this way, the involved stakeholders are focused on the technical parts of recycling and can be better dedicated to research, development and innovation because many of the processes will be automated. Social implications The purpose of this study was to explore how Industry 4.0 technologies are integrated with CE practices. This allows for the proposal of a circular business model for recycling waste and delivering new products, significantly reducing resource consumption and optimising natural resources. In a first stage, the circular business model can be used to recycle electronic scrap, with the proposed integration of web technologies, reverse logistics and AM as a technological platform to support the model. These have several environmental, sociotechnical and economic implications for society. Originality/value The sociotechnical aspects are directly impacted by the circular smart production system (CSPS) management model, since it creates a new culture of reuse and recycling techniques for urban waste using 3D printing technologies, as well as Industry 4.0 concepts to increase production on demand and automate manufacturing processes. The tendency of the CSPS model is to contribute to deployment CE in the manufacture of new products or parts with AM approaches, generating a new path of supply and demand for society.
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Afteni, Cezarina, Viorel Păunoiu, and Mitică Afteni. "Study on the Transition from the Linear Economy to the Circular Economy." Annals of ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Fascicle V, Technologies in machine building 39, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/tmb.2021.1.08.
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In the actual economic environment, it is more and more important for people to be aware of their impact on environmental aspects, consumption of natural resources and usage of resources several times by recycling and reuse at the initial intended usage or changing the place of usage in opposition to the principle of owning, using and then throwing away. The increasing of waste quantities are the direct consequences of consumption that exceeds real needs and, at the same time, alters the state of the environment as the main provider of resources. In the coming years, approaches of the products’ design and built must be focused to allow for the continued reuse of resources. The introduction of the circular economy is a challenge to the linear economy approach to resource production and consumption. The circular economy is an economy that produces zero waste. The circular economy concept is not so new. European and world decision-making communities have been circulating for years the concept of circular economy, but only now the concept is beginning to gain visibility and applicability. In this paper, a study on the transition of companies from the linear economy to the circular economy is developed. Starting from the fact that current global sustainable development is given special attention, based on the transition from linear to a circular economy, the study provides an image of the degree of knowledge on the concept of circular economy of private companies, highlighting the major discrepancies between the linear and the circular economy, as well as the multidimensional impact of the implementation of the circular economy. It is necessary for more and more companies to experience how the circular economy can help them in the extraction and transport of raw materials, materials and product design, production, distribution, and consumption of goods, repairs, remanufacturing schemes and reuse, waste management and recycling.
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Withanage, Sohani Vihanga, and Komal Habib. "Life Cycle Assessment and Material Flow Analysis: Two Under-Utilized Tools for Informing E-Waste Management." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 7939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147939.
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The unprecedented technological development and economic growth over the past two decades has resulted in streams of rapidly growing electronic waste (e-waste) around the world. As the potential source of secondary raw materials including precious and critical materials, e-waste has recently gained significant attention across the board, ranging from governments and industry, to academia and civil society organizations. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the last decade of e-waste literature followed by an in-depth analysis of the application of material flow analysis (MFA) and life cycle assessment (LCA), i.e., two less commonly used strategic tools to guide the relevant stakeholders in efficient management of e-waste. Through a keyword search on two main online search databases, Scopus and Web of Science, 1835 peer-reviewed publications were selected and subjected to a bibliographic network analysis to identify and visualize major research themes across the selected literature. The selected 1835 studies were classified into ten different categories based on research area, such as environmental and human health impacts, recycling and recovery technologies, associated social aspects, etc. With this selected literature in mind, the review process revealed the two least explored research areas over the past decade: MFA and LCA with 33 and 31 studies, respectively. A further in-depth analysis was conducted for these two areas regarding their application to various systems with numerous scopes and different stages of e-waste life cycle. The study provides a detailed discussion regarding their applicability, and highlights challenges and opportunities for further research.
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Marinello, Samuele, and Rita Gamberini. "Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approaches Applied to Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE): A Comprehensive Literature Review." Toxics 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9010013.
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The global demand for electrical and electronic equipment has undergone continuous growth in recent years due to the effect of industrialization and technological development. This indicates substantial quantities of e-waste that need to be managed properly to reduce their environmental impact and to avoid inappropriate forms of disposal. The purpose of this paper is to review the most popular multi-criteria decision-making approaches applied to the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment, analyzing how they are used to contribute to the improvement of management strategies along the entire supply chain. For this purpose, a methodological protocol for the collection, selection, and analysis of the scientific literature was applied, identifying 44 papers on which to conduct this study. The results showed that numerous authors have developed multi-criteria approaches, with particular attention to recycling phase. The analytic hierarchy process is the most widespread multi-criteria approach, often coupled with VIKOR, DELPHI, and TOPSIS methods. The numerous decision making criteria adopted cover different reference dimensions: environmental, economic, social, technical, and legal. Considering environmental aspects also in decision making processes means enhancing the relevance of this dimension, as well as encouraging practices that reduce the impact of toxic substances on the environment and living organisms.
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Kang, Le, Hui Ling Du, Hao Zhang, and Wan Li Ma. "Systematic Research on the Application of Steel Slag Resources under the Background of Big Data." Complexity 2018 (October 8, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6703908.
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The large-scale and resourceful utilization of solid waste is one of the important ways of sustainable development. The big data brings hope for further development in all walks of life, because huge amounts of data insist on the principle of “turning waste into treasure”. The steel big data has been taken as the research object in this paper. Firstly, a big data collection and storage system has been set up based on the Hadoop platform. Secondly, the steel slag prediction model based on the convolution neural network (CNN) is established. The material data of steelmaking, the operation data of steelmaking process, and the data of steel slag composition are put into the model from the Hadoop platform, and the prediction of the slag composition is further realized. Then, the alternatives for resource recovery are obtained according to the predicted composition of the steel slag. And considering the three aspects of economic feasibility, resource suitability, and environmental acceptance, the comprehensive evaluation system based on AHP is established to realize the recommendation of the optimal resource approach. Finally, taking a steel plant in Hebei as an example, the alternatives according to the prediction of the composition of steel slag are blast furnace iron-making, recycling waste steel, and cement admixture. The comprehensive evaluation values of the three resources are 0.48, 0.57, and 0.76, respectively, and the optimized resource of the steel slag produced by the steel plant is used as the cement admixture.
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Шмелева, И. А., and С. Э. Шмелев. "Глобальные города: многокритериальная оценка устойчивого развития." Biosfera 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v11i1.470.
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A new strategic direction for greening our cities and making them smart to reduce the environmental impact of their performance, increase employment and economic viability and to enhance the quality of life requires a thorough assessment of sustainability and smart urban performance. The research presented in this paper is based on data on 143 global cities including London, New York, Hong Kong, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Sao Paolo, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Paris, Berlin, Stockholm, Moscow, Beijing, Seoul, Singapore, Shanghai, Sydney and Tokyo. Exploring linkages between different sustainability and smart city dimensions, this study applied a multi-criteria approach using a panel of 20 indicators to assess urban sustainability performance of global cities. The assessment focused on the drivers of CO2 emissions in cities, including important aspects of energy transitions, the share of coal in the energy mix and renewable energy, public transport, cycling patterns and pedestrianization, waste recycling as well as carbon tax. The results show that San Francisco leads in economic and environmental priorities, and Stockholm leads insocial and smart city priorities. Seoul consistently performs very successfully across the whole spectrum of indicators. We devote considerable attention to the strategies, policies and performance of the leading cities, namely, San Francisco, Stockholm and Seoul. This assessment could be a valuable tool for policy-makers and investors, and could help identify linkages between different sustainability dimensions, as well as sustainable development potential and investment opportunities in cities.
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van Dam, Kirsten, Luca Simeone, Duygu Keskin, Brian Baldassarre, Monia Niero, and Nicola Morelli. "Circular Economy in Industrial Design Research: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 10279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410279.
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In the past decades, industrial design practice and research have focused extensively on how to optimize production and consumption, as a way to prevent negative environmental impacts, such as resource depletion, pollution, and excessive waste. Recently, the “circular economy” concept is increasingly used to achieve environmental benefits and economic growth simultaneously. Industrial design can contribute to a circular economy by fostering systems changes to achieve durability, optimal reuse, refurbishment, remanufacturing, and recycling of products and materials. Indeed, researchers have examined both the theoretical and practical aspects of how design knowledge can support the transition to a circular economy. However, this body of knowledge has not been systematically analyzed yet. To address this critical gap, this paper poses the following question: How has industrial design research so far contributed to advancing the circular economy knowledge? Accordingly, we survey relevant design literature focusing on the circular economy, through a review of contributions published in 42 scientific journals. Based on our results, we discuss how industrial design practices can potentially contribute to a circular economy across four thematic areas: (1) design for circular production processes, (2) design for circular consumption, (3) design to support policy towards the circular economy, and (4) design education for the circular economy.
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Baeră, Cornelia, Henriette Szilagyi, Claudiu Matei, Andreea Hegyi, Adrian Lăzărescu, and Anamaria Cătălina Mircea. "Optimizing approach on Fibre Engineered Cementitious Materials with Self-Healing capacity (SH-FECM) by the use of slurry lime (SL) addition." MATEC Web of Conferences 289 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928901001.
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SH-FECM (Fibre Engineered Cementitious Materials with Self-Healing capacity), developed at NIRD “URBAN-INCERC” Cluj-Napoca Branch in the last five years, are consistently based on Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECCs) concept, elaborated in the early nineties at Michigan University (USA). They all represent a cement-based typology of dispersed reinforcement composites able to develop high deformability by the means of multiple cracking pattern under loading, leading to a cumulative set of valuable material features: metal like behaviour when subjected to loads, brittle failure prevention, increased self-healing potential via the compositional design, etc. The process of development and constant improvement of the SH-FECMs represents a long term theoretical and experimental approach, aiming to establish the optimum raw materials (mostly locally available) compatibility within the cementitious matrix so that the composites would present superior performance under comparative evaluation. This paper presents the first results, evaluated as positive for both, fresh and hardened state materials, regarding the inclusion of Slurry Lime (SL) addition as replacement of the initial lime powder addition (L) in the material composition. The long-term effects are on ongoing investigation, but the initial results are clearly promising, starting from a better fresh state aspect and evaluating for faster setting time and improved early age mechanical behaviour. The beneficial effects are also in terms of economic and ecological aspects, considering that the used lime slurry (SL) addition represents an actual waste resulted from a local, natural stone processing factory. Its use as direct addition in the SH-FECMs mixtures could represent an efficient recycling and waste prevention action, with long term beneficial potential, in terms of Circular Economy principles.
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Wu, Bo, Xiufen Xie, Weicheng Ke, Huiying Bao, Zhilan Duan, Zhenyu Jin, Xiaoqun Dai, and Yan Hong. "Merchandising for Sustainable Fashion: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 13422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013422.
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With the emergence of environmental pollution and the excessive waste of resources, the traditional development of the pure pursuit of economic growth has encountered challenges. More and more people are advocating for the concept of sustainable development, which makes sustainable merchandising an urgent necessity. Clothing brands should adhere to the brand sustainability concept and sustainable management in the merchandising process, which can truly improve the competitiveness of the brand. For this reason, a series of studies on sustainable merchandising strategies has been conducted by apparel companies and academia. The existing reviews on sustainability aspects focus on material, recycling, and life-cycle aspects. However, less attention has been paid to the sustainable merchandising aspects of apparel. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic literature review of this topic. We summarize the relevant research on sustainable merchandising from a merchandising perspective and systematically review the relevant theories and cases of sustainable merchandising for the relatively blank field of sustainable brand merchandising for apparel. We have achieved the purpose of integrating the analysis of factors influencing sustainable merchandising, and merchandising strategies. Additionally, on this basis, we discuss how brands can combine social responsibility with merchandising to develop and enjoy the profit space brought by merchandising while assuming and promoting their own brand responsibility. This literature review is based on journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers from the Web of Science (WOS) database and Google Scholar. Through an in-depth analysis of the existing literature, this paper provides an overview of the research topic, the sustainable merchandising of apparel, from a merchandising perspective and discusses the shortcomings of existing merchandising strategies. The findings reveal that there are drawbacks to the current apparel merchandising strategies such as low feasibility, ignoring the driving power of the market, weak consumer awareness, consumer culture, and lack of government intervention and support. This has resulted in the slow development of clothing brands in the sustainable merchandising market. The results of this study provide direction for the development of future sustainable merchandising strategies. It guides policymakers and practitioners to develop relevant strategies for sustainable merchandising in order to provide better market space for sustainable merchandising of apparel.
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La Scalia, Giada, Manfredi Saeli, Pier Paolo Miglietta, and Rosa Micale. "Coffee biowaste valorization within circular economy: an evaluation method of spent coffee grounds potentials for mortar production." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 26, no. 9 (September 2021): 1805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-021-01968-0.
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Abstract Purpose Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are biowastes extensively generated within the coffee supply chain. Nowadays, their disposal represents an increasing environmental concern due to its toxicity and organic nature. With the estimated increase of coffee production and consumption in the upcoming years, there is an imperative need to find a proper reverse option, along with a novel industrial application, which allows for the valorization of this coffee by-product within a circular economy perspective. This study aims at investigating a potential reuse of spent coffee grounds to produce novel construction materials to be used for sustainable buildings. Methods After having illustrated the forward flows within the coffee life cycle and the potential reverse flow options, an evaluation method based on multi-criteria analyses was elaborated to test not only the technical but also the environmental and economic performances of novel materials originating from the incorporation of SCG as an aggregate in natural hydraulic lime and geopolymer-based mortars. Moreover, we focus on the reuse of another waste streams— biomass fly ash—deriving from the paper-pulp industry, rarely investigated in both traditional construction applications and in geopolymer manufacture. The two (geopolymer- and lime-based) mortar typologies are here studied and compared as potential green material for applications in construction, with satisfying engineering performance and high insulation attitude, giving a new life to a common organic waste. Consequently, we compare eight formulations by means of multi-criteria approaches that are nowadays claimed as a useful and effective decision aiding support instrument to assess the development of new sustainable construction materials. They permit to consider simultaneously some controversial and often uncertain aspects like technological (as the usual scientific studies do), environmental, and economic (more difficult to easily approach and evaluate). For this purpose, in this paper, we have analyzed the performance of the novel bio-composite mortars using VIKOR and TOPSIS methods to rank a set of alternatives according to various evaluation criteria that often conflict one with each other. Results Results show that adding spent coffee grounds can efficiently improve the technical and sustainable performances of the novel mortars for different applications in the building sector. The presence of SCG increases water absorption and improves the insulation performance along with an environmental impact reduction. The considered technological properties are highly promising—such as the improvement in thermal insulation. In particular, even the addition of only 5% SCG leads to a significant reduction of the thermal conductivity and consequently to a greater insulating performance. Conclusions To date, most of the available literature on recycling SCG in construction materials do not consider mortar-based applications and, moreover, nor multi-criteria approaches. Therefore, our study proposes itself as an innovative track solution to food waste management lowering the employment of non-renewable natural resources and the costs associated to construction material production. At the same time, a novel and innovative way of such waste disposal is suggested, pursuing the sustainability and substantially reducing the environmental impact of construction and building materials. This study is a fundamental step in assessing the applicability of our designed and produced materials and its potentials to be produced at an industrial scale.
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Fernández Vázquez-Noguerol, Mar, Iván González-Boubeta, Pablo Domínguez-Caamaño, and J. Carlos Prado-Prado. "Best practices in road transport: An exploratory study." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 11, no. 2 (April 6, 2018): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2525.
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Purpose: Road transport aspects are becoming increasingly important due to their high impact on economic, environmental and social sustainability. Considering the triple bottom line approach, best practices play a fundamental role within organisations. The purpose of this paper is to analyse several sustainable initiatives in road transport adopted by companies.Design/methodology/approach: The findings were developed and evaluated based on empirical data captured through a survey of 98 professionals involved in logistics and transport activities. Additionally, key literature on transport initiatives was reviewed to supplement the framework for the implementation of best practices in road transport.Findings: The exploratory study shows the importance of each best practice and determines the level of implementation of each initiative, comparing the results among different dealers (retailers, wholesalers, carriers and manufacturers), type of transport fleet and companies’ revenues.Research limitations/implications: The sample of 98 companies was based on simple search filters and the group is not wholly representative of all sectors. Respondents were mainly managers from Spain involved in logistics and transport activities. Surveyed companies included manufacturing, retailers, wholesalers and third-party logistics providers.Practical implications: The most common best practices in road transport are identified, including initiatives related to: efficiency, reusability, safety, optimization, emissions, waste and recycling. Initiatives that influence road transport are ranked by their degree of implementation in the companies analysed. Social implications: Implementation of some of these best practices may help lessen negative impacts of road transport on society and the environment.Originality/value: The study results indicate which practices are most frequently used and their level of implementation depending on companies’ roles in the supply chain, revenues and types of transport fleet. By implementing the proposed best practices, companies will adopt sustainable behaviors to improve their transport performance.
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Zarrinpoor, Naeme. "Designing a sustainable supply chain network for producing high-value products from waste glass." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, March 30, 2021, 0734242X2199466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x21994669.
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This paper aims to design a supply chain network for producing double glazed glass from the recycling of waste glass. All three pillars of sustainability are taken into consideration. The economic objective tries to maximize total profits. The environmental objective considers the energy consumption, the generated waste, the greenhouse gas emission, the water consumption, and the fuel consumption of vehicles. The social objective addresses created job opportunities, the worker safety, the regional development, the worker benefit, and training hours. To solve the model, a two-stage framework based on the group best-worst method and an interactive fuzzy programming approach is developed. The proposed model is validated through a real case study based on waste glass management in the city of Shiraz. It is revealed that when sustainable development goals are approached, a great degree of improvement will be attained in environmental and social aspects without a significant decrease in the economic sustainability. The results also demonstrate that the locations of glass recycling centres are different under economic, environmental, and social pillars, and the proposed model yields an optimal system configuration with a proper satisfaction degree of all objectives. Moreover, applying the proposed solution procedure enables system designers to obtain the most desirable trade-off between different aspects of sustainability.
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Chekalin, Vadim, Elena Tarasenko, and Vladimir Zakrzhevsky. "Institutional aspects of solid waste treatment in Russia." Linnaeus Eco-Tech, August 15, 2019, 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.057.
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Now reduced share of industrial waste in comparison with the 80s is obvious in Russia Simultaneously, share ofmunicipal waste increases. A rather high part of industrial waste is used for recycling, but in the same time recycling for municipal waste is seldom. A few wastes are used for energy production. It concerns both municipal and wooden waste. The only one exception is pulp and paper mills. The most part of municipal waste is disposed in landfills and dumps including illegal ones. Waste treatment plants including incineration ones are only in several big cities (Moscow, St Petersburg, Samara). These plants are based on rather old technologies, as a rule. The main reason of such situation is absence at national and regional levels of a necessary legislation base that stimulates more effective waste treatment in Russia. In particularly, there is no a well-developed policy in renewable energy resources. Too low prices for gas are also prevention for introducing waste in energy production. Administrative decisions without economic measures are the most common method of management. It needs to use methods of project management in this sphere. There is a serious problem of absence of qualified experts. Thus it is necessary educational and training programs that include all topics of solid waste treatment. For this purpose it should be better to cooperate with the EU countries. It will give possibility to use European experience for Russia. Besides it can give possibility to use Russian technological inventions for other countries. It needs to develop a legislative initiative for separate collection of waste. Legislation that should stimulate private business activity in solid waste treatment is necessary also. It is desirably to make correction of Russian rules in waste treatment for more harmonization with rules of the EU. Now the amount and a variety of solid wastes in Russian cities and settlements is promptly growing. In spite of the fact that the amount of industrial waste in comparison with the 80's has considerably decreased, there is an appreciable increase of the amount of municipal waste. It is necessary to mean, that the significant part of industrial waste is exposed to processing, first recycling (metals, pulp-and-paper production, glass, plastics). In the same time recycling for municipal waste is developed rather poor. This situation is caused by several factors: After the beginning of market reforms in Russia the sector of trade in which modem methods of good packing began to develop very fast. It has resulted in the sharp increase of wastes, containing paper, plastic, cardboard, and glass. In the Soviet period circulation of glass packing (bottles, cans) was rather good due to a well-developed enough infrastructure and used methods of economic incentives for circulation (first on the base of a high mortgaging price). Thus the significant part of returned packing intended for a reuse. For example, glass bottles for milk were used on the average 9 - IO times. Measures of incentives for the population for recycling pulp-and-paper production were also developed. Collecting food waste for use as additives in forage to cattle was carried out. However last years big reducing of glass share and growth of plastic packing one happened changes. Packing in aluminum cans has appeared. Meanwhile, however, as a rule, glass receptacle did not be used repeatedly, and its collecting as a base for manufacture of new receptacle economically does not be stimulated. At the same time there is a certain interest to collecting aluminum cans that is connected to rather high prices for an aluminum waste. Unfortunately, because of backwardness of the infrastructure for collecting metal waste in the municipal sector a process of this collecting is sometimes rather criminal. Besides collectors is mostly the poorest part of the population. Simultaneously the amount of home electronic and electric devices ( computers, communication devices, household devices: refrigerators, TVs, radio sets, audio and video recorders and types) increases considerably with improvement of well-being of the population. Stable growth of the number of cars is observed. Revival of the construction industry promotes expansion of the list of used materials. Thus practice of application of rather dangerous materials (asbestos, PVC) is kept unfortunate] y. Food reduces are not allocated in the separate group now at collecting though use of old Soviet principles would allow to collect organic waste products for composting. These are 30-40 percents from all weight of waste, thus it would be possible to receive the ground for use in a garden facilities and in landscape gardening construction Collecting and transportation of solid waste products Russia By the present moment a basic scheme of collecting and transportation of solid waste did not change, except the increase of a number of the non-authorized dumps. City dwellers collect household waste within the limits of their apartments in waste cans, dust from which then is moved to municipal containers, which are located in courtyards. Many houses are equipped with refuse chutes from which solid waste also is got to municipal containers located in special spaces in the ground floor. Special machines come under certain schedules to transport the filled waste containers to special polygons (landfills) or incineration plants. The locations of municipal containers and clearing units of refuse chutes are mostly in unsatisfactory sanitary conditions, being a source of numerous rats and cockroaches. Offices of firms and administrative establishments have contracts with specialized transport agencies for transportation of solid waste. The vehicles belonging to specialized motor-vehicle pools, as a rule, are equipped with hydraulic elevating adaptations to lift municipal containers. However they are not completed with the equipment of dust densification in containers. The collected waste is overloaded to big volume containers in the overload points and then is transported by special transport to places of landfilling or processing. Vehicles of the specialized motor-vehicle pools are worn strongly out, as the majority of them were acquired in 1980th years. Probably, soon they will require repair or even to replacement. The account of transported dust is made according to volume of containers, instead of weight of contents that conducts to overestimate costs of the companies - carriers. Separate collecting of waste in initial stage of collecting remains while only at a level of projects and experiments. Thus, non-selected solid waste is delivered to places of landfilling or processing. Really, partial separating of collected waste is made directly in processing plants. For this purpose a special conveyor is used where workers take off some sorts of waste materials for further recycling.
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Medina-Mijangos, Rubí, Samer Ajour El Zein, Hilda Guerrero-García-Rojas, and Luis Seguí-Amórtegui. "The economic assessment of the environmental and social impacts generated by a light packaging and bulky waste sorting and treatment facility in Spain: a circular economy example." Environmental Sciences Europe 33, no. 1 (July 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00519-6.
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Abstract Background The waste sorting and treatment facilities play an important role in the management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), as they permit the materials to be prepared for their later reuse and recycling. The aim of this work is to carry out a technical–economic analysis of a sorting and treatment facility (STF) of light packaging and bulky waste in Gavà-Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain, by means of a methodology based on a social Cost–Benefit Analysis (sCBA), as it studies the private impacts and externalities (impacts related with environmental and social aspects) to determine the Total Benefit (the difference between revenues and costs) generated by the facility to decide whether it is operationally and economically profitable. Results The key point of the case study is the identification, frequency, quantification and monetary valuation of the impacts generated by the facility, as well as the sale of materials, the CO2 emissions and the increase in the availability of materials, among others. By applying the methodology, it has been possible to show that this facility is operationally (BP = 7.06 €/ton) as well as economically (BT = 55.72 €/ton) profitable. Conclusions The plant is highly profitable from a social and environmental perspective, as can be seen from the monetary valuation of the externalities. The STF fulfils a primordial function for the city of Barcelona and its environs, as it treats waste for later reuse and recycling, preventing waste from being sent to landfills and reducing the CO2 emissions from the extraction of virgin raw materials, thereby helping to reach the objectives set by the European Commission. Finally, this paper provides a guide for future researchers and decision makers interested in the economic analysis of MSW management systems.