Relevant bibliographies by topics / Waste Minimisation Act 2008

Academic literature on the topic 'Waste Minimisation Act 2008'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Waste Minimisation Act 2008"

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Kharat, Manoj Govind, Shankar Murthy, Sheetal Jaisingh Kamble, and Mukesh Govind Kharat. "Investigating the Drivers of Pro-Environmental Behaviour: A Household Waste Minimisation Case." Issues in Social Science 5, no. 1 (June 2, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/iss.v5i1.11058.

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Identifying and analysing the drivers of household pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) is a question of great interest. Providing an answer to this question investigating PEB has implications for planners and policymakers. The currents study attempts to identify and analyse the drivers that contribute to PEB significantly. To achieve this, an in-depth literature review and qualitative analysis were carried out. A questionnaire was developed to measure the PEB construct and its determinants. Next, the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed followed by Pearson’s correlational analysis. Results indicate that PEB comprises of nine dimensions viz., behavioural intention, attitude, personal moral norms, subjective norms, situational factors, perceived behavioural control, community concern, internal attribution and perceived consequences. The study results provide significant insights to help more people act in pro-environmental ways. From the theoretical perspective, the study results provide empirical evidence to researchers and a reliable and valid scale to measure PEBs.
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Da Costa, Carlito, and Rakhmat Bowo Suharto. "Environmental Waste Management System in Effort Creates Sustainable Semarang." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 3 (September 14, 2018): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i3.3413.

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Environmentally sound waste management is an area of Semarang city government efforts to manage the waste. The existence of good waste management, will make a sustainable environment in accordance with Act No. 18 Of 2008 on Waste Management. Research methodssociological jurisdiction is law as the law in action, described as an empirical social phenomena. The findings of the study (1) Implementationwaste management in the city of Semarang has been carried out by means of environmentally sound The program concept of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), in cooperation with PT. Narpati Agung Lestari Karya Persada (2) Barriers to the realization of environmentally sound waste management systems, barriers: factors of population, The quality and quantity of human resources (HR) is still inadequate, operational factors. Solution: Conduct a training program, the training of human resources, increase its fleet of waste management.Keywords :Waste Management; Act No. 18 In 2008; A Sustainable City.
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Vine, Ruth, Holly Tibble, Jane Pirkis, Fiona Judd, and Matthew J. Spittal. "Does legislative change affect the use and duration of compulsory treatment orders?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 5 (November 18, 2018): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867418812683.

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Objective: Victoria, Australia, introduced reformed mental health legislation in 2014. The Act was based on a policy platform of recovery-oriented services, supported decision-making and minimisation of the use and duration of compulsory orders. This paper compares service utilisation and legal status after being on a community treatment order under the Mental Health Act 1986 (Vic) with that under the Mental Health Act 2014 (Vic). Methods: We obtained two distinct data sets of persons who had been on a community treatment order for at least 3 months and their subsequent treatment episodes over 2 years under the Mental Health Act and/or as an inpatient for the periods 2008–2010 (Mental Health Act 1986) and 2014–2016 (Mental Health Act 2014). The two sets were compared to assess the difference in use, duration and odds of having a further admission over 2 years. We also considered the mode of discharge – whether by the treating psychiatrist, external body or through expiry. Results: Compared with the Mental Health Act 1986, under the Mental Health Act 2014, index community treatment orders were shorter (mean 227 days compared with 335 days); there was a reduction in the mean number of community treatment orders in the 2 years following the index discharge − 1.1 compared with 1.5 (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval = [0.63, 0.80]) – and a 51% reduction in days on an order over 2 years. There was a reduction in the number of subsequent orders for those whose order expired or was revoked by the psychiatrist under the Mental Health Act 2014 compared to those under the Mental Health Act 1986. The number of orders which were varied to an inpatient order by the authorised psychiatrist was notably greater under the Mental Health Act 2014. Conclusion: The reformed Mental Health Act has been successful in its intent to reduce the use and duration of compulsory orders in the community. The apparent increase in return to inpatient orders raises questions regarding the intensity and effectiveness of community treatment and context of service delivery.
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Dwi Sukmawati, Paramita. "Pengelolaan Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Masyarakat Melalui 3R Dalam Upaya Pengurangan Jumlah Timbulan Sampah." J.Abdimas: Community Health 1, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30590/jach.v1n2.p37-41.2021.

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Waste management according to Act No. 18 of 2008 on Waste Management is a systematic, comprehensive, and continuous covering waste reduction and handling. However, currently most of the waste management carried out is still just collecting and transporting waste without any effort to reduce the amount of waste generation. As a result of waste management that there is no effort to reduce, the amount of waste generation will be large and only end up in the final disposal site (TPA), which affects the health of the environment around the landfill site, such as the formation of leachate, methane gas and odors. For this reason, it is necessary to make an effort to reduce the amount of waste generation, one of which can be done is by way of community-based waste management through 3R (Reduse, Reuse and Recycle). Based on these problems, it is necessary to do socialization to the community about how to manage community-based waste through the 3Rs so that people can play an active and sustainable role in waste management.
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Duindam, David. "Transitioning to Sustainable Healthcare: Decarbonising Healthcare Clinics, a Literature Review." Challenges 13, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe13020068.

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Background: Climate change is one of the largest threats to human health and well-being globally. The healthcare industry itself currently contributes to fueling the climate crisis with its emissions and material consumption. There has been much research on decarbonising hospitals ecological/carbon footprints but very limited study on ways to assist healthcare clinics in transitioning to a low-carbon healthcare system. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted, and the results analysed. Results: The literature review revealed four important areas to act upon to decarbonise a healthcare clinic most efficiently. These are: energy use, waste minimisation/management, the behaviors/attitudes of staff, and decarbonising the supply chain. Conclusions: The pooled literature reveals an evidence-based set of recommendations or guiding principles to decarbonise healthcare clinics the most effectively. To maximise operational effectiveness, how this is achieved will differ between clinics. Although this research is written with reference to Australia, these identified ini-tiatives are likely to be relatable to many other countries healthcare systems. Decarbonising health clinics will contribute to a sector-wide transition to more sustainable healthcare that will lead to improved environmental, social, economic and health outcomes.
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Liland, A., P. Strand, I. Amundsen, H. Natvig, M. Nilsen, R. Lystad, and K. E. Frogg. "Advances in NORM management in Norway and the application of ICRP's 2007 Recommendations." Annals of the ICRP 41, no. 3-4 (October 2012): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icrp.2012.06.021.

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In Norway, the largest reported quantities of radioactive discharges and radioactive waste containing naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) come from the oil and gas sector, and smaller quantities of other NORM waste are also produced by industrial or mining processes. The Gulen final repository for radioactive waste from the oil and gas industry from the Norwegian continental shelf was opened in 2008 and has a capacity of 6000 tonnes. As of 1 January 2011, a new regulation was enforced whereby radioactive waste and radioactive pollution was integrated in the Pollution Control Act from 1981. This means that radioactive waste and radioactive pollution are now regulated under the same legal framework as all other pollutants and hazardous wastes. The regulation establishes two sets of criteria defining radioactive waste: a lower value for when waste is considered to be radioactive waste, and a higher value, in most cases, for when this waste must be disposed of in a final waste repository. For example, waste containing ≥1 Bq/g of Ra-226 is defined as radioactive waste, while radioactive waste containing ≥10 Bq/g of Ra-226 must be disposed of in a final repository. Radioactive waste between 1 and 10 Bq/g can be handled and disposed of by waste companies who have a licence for handling hazardous waste according to the Pollution Control Act. Alternatively, they will need a separate licence for handling radioactive waste from the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority. The goal of the new regulation is that all radioactive waste should be handled and stored in a safe manner, and discharges should be controlled through a licensing regime in order to avoid/not pose unnecessary risk to humans or the environment. This paper will elaborate on the new regulation of radioactive waste and the principles of NORM management in Norway in view of the International Commission on Radiological Protection's 2007 Recommendations.
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Gusmawanti, Rizki Dwi, Iswanto Iswanto, and Rizki Amalia. "Pemetaan Keefektifan Keberadaan Tempat Pengolahan Sampah 3R dalam Mengatasi Masalah Persampahan Di Kabupaten Sleman." Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 13, no. 1 (August 6, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/sanitasi.v13i1.1083.

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Based on Indonesia Act No. 18 in 2008, waste processing sites with 3R were established to ma-nage household waste. Their existence is needed to be evaluated, one of which is by mapping to understand the local potentiality of waste reduction at each sites. The purpose of this study was to determine the location distribution map, the effectiveness of the 3R sites based on the number of customers, waste reduction, and the service distance range. The method used was spatial analysis that carried out using ArcGis 10.2 application. The study results indicate that there are 20 3R units in Sleman Regency, 50 % has good effectiveness, 40 % has medium effectiveness, and 10 % has less effectiveness. The better the effectiveness of the 3R sites, the greater the number of customers are served. The better the effectiveness of the 3R sites, the higher the ab-sorptive waste capacity of the 3R sites can manage. The limited building of 3R sites in the north and south parts of Sleman Regency needs to be added.
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Wanda, Priska Yulianti, and Lidia Priscilla Pattiasina. "Aspek Hukum Pidana Dari Perbuatan Nahkoda." PAMALI: Pattimura Magister Law Review 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/pamali.v2i2.840.

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Introduction: The legal issues in this writing is whether the act of transporting dangerous goods (B-3) that is not notified to the portmaster about the conditions of transportation can be qualified as a crime and whether the actions of the captain of transporting dangerous goods (B-3) are not appropriate. With the shipping requirements can be asked for criminal liability.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to find out and analyze the act of transporting dangerous goods (B-3 waste) that does not notify its capacity can be qualified as a crime, as well as discussing criminal responsibility for the actions of the captain who transports dangerous goods (B-3) that do not comply with shipping requirements.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative, that is, research that primarily examines positive legal provisions and legal principles, explain and predicts in the direcrion of future legal developments.Results of the Research: The findings of this study prove that in the transportation of waste and special goods pays attention to the specifications of the ship. And the skipper as the carrier of dangerous goods (B-3) and special goods using transportation in waters without regard to specifications can be criminally accounted for from the criminal aspect on the basis of violating the provisions of Article 328 of Law no. 17 of 2008 in conjunction with Article 102 of Law no. 32 of 2009, because all the elements have been fulfilled, namely everyone who transports hazardous and toxic waste without paying attention to the specifications of the ship. The captain's actions violated Article 102 of Law no. 32 of 2009 and Article 328 of Law no. 17 of 2008, so that the captain can be sentenced to the heaviest criminal threat plus a third.
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Mardiana, Siti, Retna Astuti Kuswardani, and Muhammad Usman. "Management Policy for Organic Waste from Plantation and Plantation Production Factory in North Sumatra." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 3, no. 5 (2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.35.1002.

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Policy on the management of the living environment in Indonesia changed with the promulgation of Act No. 32 in 2009 on the protection and management of the environment. While Act No. 18 in 2008 specifies the policy on waste and trash management. In accordance with the concept of environmental ethics the application of environmental ethics in North Sumatra is vital to develop good waste management (Keraf, 2012). The concept of environmental ethics reviews human, nature and environmental relationship between people with the natural environment (Keraf, 2004). The purposes of this writing are: (1) to enhance the moral responsibility of society in accordance with environmental ethics on plantation waste management in North Sumatra Province, (2) to enhance the role of community participation in safeguarding the environment by means of management of organic waste from plantation, and (3) to increases the potential and opportunities of managing organic wastes from plantation into valuable products that can benefit the community. The research method adopted is a descriptive analytic method. Thus, the survey was conducted to the plantation communities in North Sumatra. From the results of the analysis, it is found that some estates have been processing organic wastes into alternative Energy, biogas, feed cattle, buildings, raw materials and ingredients for compost. However, the local community has yet to feel the benefit from this progress, while there are still many estates that have not done much in terms of waste management. It decreases the aesthetic and contribution to environmental pollution around the area. Only a very small number of the community members (0.35%) have conducted sustainable waste management, which in fact has a high economic value (90%). Some recommendations for plantation waste management policy in North Sumatra are: (1) the role and support of the community and the Government in the management of organic wastes in accordance with moral responsibility in safeguarding the environment refers to the ethical environment that supports sustainable development (2) waste management of plantations should consider the participation of the local community, as well as the socio- economic condition of the local, traditional people, and (3) unlock the potential and the opportunities of the management and utilization of plantation and agriculture waste into renewable energy.
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Purwanta, Wahyu. "PENGHITUNGAN EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA (GRK) DARI SEKTOR SAMPAH PERKOTAAN DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 10, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v10i1.1497.

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Indonesia produced 48.8 Mt/year of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) with populationnumber of 218.8 million and rate of waste generation 0.61 kg/cap/day. Most ofMSW (40%) are transported to the Solid Waste Disposal Site (TPA) in urban area.The landfill site which is unmanaged will become a source of the GHGs emission,mainly the methane emission. Based on the Indonesian population, using FODIPCC Tier-2 method, CH4 generated from MSW sector (landfill only) in 2006 is109.96 Gg CH4 and will be increased up to 259 Gg in 2010, 504 Gg in 2015 and1,065 Gg in 2025. The increase number of this CH4 emission is caused by theincrease of population number that will increase the waste production and alsoincrease the volume waste that is collected in the disposal area. The future scenarioby referring to the national strategic plan which is developed by the Public WorkDepartment is that the waste should be reduced from the source, so the totalvolume will be reduced by 20% in 2010. In 2015, refers to the MDGs target, 80% ofthe MSW in urban area and 50% of the MSW in rural area should be transported tothe final disposal site. As stated in Solid Waste Management Act No 18/2008 andin accordance with the raw water protection, improvement of landfill quality fromopen dumping to sanitary landfill or controlled landfill and development of regionallandfill are the priority programs with national financial support as an initial investment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Waste Minimisation Act 2008"

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Kruis, Rianca. "Gevaarlike afval in huishoudelike afval : 'n gevallestudie / Rianca Kruis." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4972.

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Rapid population growth and urbanisation has resulted in a drastic increase in the volume of waste produced by the World populace. The resulting pressure on the country’s somewhat underdeveloped waste management infrastructure emphasizes the need for waste management solutions which balance environmental protection with economic sustainability. Waste is seen as an unwanted or surplus by-product, emission or residue of any process or activity which has been discarded, accumulated or stored for the purpose of discarding or future processing. Hazardous waste is waste that may, by circumstance of use, quantity, concentration or inherent physical, chemical or infectious characteristics, cause ill-health or an increased mortality rate in humans, fauna and/or flora. General waste on the other hand, is waste that does not pose an immediate threat to human health or the environment. Currently household waste is considered general waste even though it may contain hazardous components such as fluorescent tubes and/or other household chemicals. Promulgation of NEM: WA (no 59 of 2008) provides instruments for the implementation of the steps taken by the Department of Environmental Affairs to improve waste management in South Africa. Successful implementation and enforcement of the act will place the country at the forefront of progressive international standards in waste management. One of South Africa’s largest environmental and waste management challenges remains the presence of historical, hazardous waste landfill sites. Characterisation of the dangers that these sites pose to the environment is providing extremely difficult and expensive, as is the ongoing maintenance and management of these facilities – placing economic strain on national municipalities. This study was done in two phases. The first related to the hazardous waste components of household waste that is being dumped at landfill site and the methods of classification, handling and dumping of hazardous waste have been investigated. All the legislation was taken into consideration to see if the landfill sites comply with the latest legislation. The second phase was a comparison between three landfill sites. The management, work activities and general appearance of the sites have been compared internally. Then a comparison have been done between the following landfill sites Kwaggasrand landfill site in Tshwane, Weltevreden landfill site in Brakpan and an ideal landfill site developed in accordance with the Minimum Requirements documents published by of DEAT in 1998.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Geography and Environmental Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Books on the topic "Waste Minimisation Act 2008"

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Alberta. Natural Resources Conservation Board, ed. Environmental standards for Alberta's livestock industry : 2008 reference guide: Agricultural Operation Practices Act (AOPA) : a guide to the legislation and regulations for confined feeding operation (CFOs) and manure management requirements for all agricultural operations in Alberta, including 2006 amendments. Airdrie, Alta: Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Stewardship Division, 2008.

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A hearing on the Marine Vessel Emissions Reduction Act of 2007: Hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, February 14, 2008. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.

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Hearing on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 and oversight of previously authorized programs before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session: Strategic Forces Subcommittee hearing on budget request for military space activities, hearing held, March 23, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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Hearing on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 and oversight of previously authorized programs before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session: Strategic Forces Subcommittee hearing on budget request for missile defense programs, hearing held, March 27, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Strategic Forces Subcommittee. Hearing on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 and oversight of previously authorized programs before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session: Strategic Forces Subcommittee hearing on budget request for missile defense programs, hearing held, March 27, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Strategic Forces Subcommittee. Hearing on National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2008 and oversight of previously authorized programs before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session: Strategic Forces Subcommittee committee hearing on budget request from the Department of Energy's atomic energy defense activities, hearing held, March 20, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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Hearing on National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2008 and oversight of previously authorized programs before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session: Strategic Forces Subcommittee committee hearing on budget request from the Department of Energy's atomic energy defense activities, hearing held, March 20, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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David Geoffrey Nigel Filkin Filkin and Great Britain: Parliament: House of Lords: Merits of Statutory Instruments Committee. 15th report of Session 2008-09: Drawing special attention to, Draft Carbon Budgets Order 2009; draft Carbon Accounting Regulations 2009; draft Climate Change Act 2008 Order 2009; Waste Batteries and Accumulators Regulations 2009. Stationery Office, The, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Waste Minimisation Act 2008"

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Lynch, Michael J. "The ten-year (1999–2008) trend in hazardous waste violations and punishments in the United States from US EPA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act data." In Quantitative Studies in Green and Conservation Criminology, 163–82. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Green criminology: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429453946-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Waste Minimisation Act 2008"

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Makgae, Mosidi E. "Radioactive Waste Management Plan for PMBR (Pty) Ltd Fuel Plant." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58247.

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The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (Pty) Ltd Fuel Plant (PFP) radioactive waste management plan caters for waste from generation, processing through storage and possible disposal. Generally, the amount of waste that will be generated from the PFP is Low and Intermediate Level Waste. The waste management plan outlines all waste streams and the management options for each stream. It also discusses how the Plant has been designed to ensure radioactive waste minimisation through recycling, recovery, reuse, treatment before considering disposal. Compliance to the proposed plan will ensure compliance with national legislative requirements and international good practice. The national and the overall waste management objective is to ensure that all PFP wastes are managed appropriately by capitalising on processes that minimise, reduce, recover and recycle without exposing employees, the public and the environment to unmitigated impacts. Both International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) principles act as a guide in the development of the strategy in order to ensure international best practice, legal compliance and ensuring that the impact of waste on employees, environment and the public is as low as reasonably achievable. The radioactive waste classification system stipulated in the Radioactive Waste Management Policy and Strategy 2005 will play an important role in classifying radioactive waste and ensuring that effective management is implemented for all waste streams be it gaseous, liquid or solid waste.
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Evans, Craig. "Commercial Ethanol Production From Cellulosic Biomass in South Florida." In ASME 2008 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2008-5401.

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Alico Energy, LLC, a subsidiary of Alico, Inc., has been awarded a grant from the State of Florida under the Florida Energy Act and a grant and loan guarantee from the U.S. Department of Energy to construct one of the nation’s first cellulosic ethanol facilities in South Florida. The Alico Energy biorefinery will be capable of co-producing ethanol and electricity from any carbon-based feedstock or waste, including citrus peel, and trimmings from citrus trees. The initial plant will produce only ethanol. The capacity to produce electricity will be added at a later date. Paper published with permission.
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Ozanam, Odile, and Gerald Ouzounian. "I-Graphite Waste Management in France." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16301.

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In France about 23,000 tons of irradiated graphite waste were generated mainly from 9 nuclear gas-cooled reactors (UNGG type). All these reactors are now shut down. In France, a final disposal route has been decided for i-graphite waste management by the French Parliament in 2006. The planning act of June 28, 2006 has provisioned that a research and investigation programme shall be established with a view to developing disposal options for graphite waste. The low specific activity of these wastes means shallow disposal facilities located in a geological layer with a low permeability. The main radionuclides that need specific attention for the long term safety are Chlorine 36 and Carbon 14. This establishes the main requirements for the graphite disposal. According to these requirements, underground disposal in a clay layer, at shallow depth, offers good performance in terms of the delay and the reduction of the radionuclide release; it also offers guarantees for the cover’s hydrodynamic and transport properties. The progress of the programme makes it now necessary for a site to be found. Based on a bibliographical study, a wide-spread call for applications took place during the second semester of 2008.
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Gilis, R., P. Lewandowski, B. Ooms, N. Reusen, W. Van Laer, and R. Walthe´ry. "Progress and Experiences From the Decommissioning of the Eurochemic Reprocessing Plant." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7210.

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Belgoprocess started the industrial decommissioning of the main process building of the former EUROCHEMIC reprocessing plant in 1990, after completion of a pilot project in which two buildings were emptied and decontaminated to background levels. The remaining structures were demolished and the concrete debris was disposed of as industrial waste and green field conditions restored. The Eurochemic reprocessing plant operated from 1966 to 1974 to process fuel from power reactors and research reactors. The main building is a large concrete structure, comprising a surface area of 55,000 m2, concrete volume 12,500 m3, and 1,500 Mg of metal components. The building is divided into multiple cells. About 106 individual cell structures have to be dismantled, involving the removal and decontamination of equipment from each cell, the decontamination of the cell walls, ceilings and floors, the dismantling of the ventilation system. Most of the work involves hands-on operations under protective clothing tailored to each specific task. Tool automation and automatic positioning systems are successfully applied. In view of the final demolition of the main process building, the main process building is divided into three parts — each part is isolated from the others. In the middle of 2008, after the removal of the NDA-IPAN/GEA installation, the eastern part will be demolished. The paper presents a status overview of the decommissioning and decontamination activities at the main process building of the former Eurochemic reprocessing plant on the nuclear site of Dessel in Belgium. The specific BELGOPROCESS approach will be highlighted, in which the decommissioning activities are carried out on an industrial scale with special emphasis on cost minimisation, the use of technology on an industrial representative scale and the specific alpha contamination of equipment and building surfaces, requiring that the decommissioning work is done with adequate protective clothing. Also specific breathing and cooling air systems have been provided to allow the operators to carry out the decommissioning tasks in acceptable working conditions.
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Walthe´ry, Robert, Patrick Lewandowski, Bart Ooms, Nancy Reusen, and Wim Van Laer. "Progress and Experiences From the Decommissioning of the Eurochemic Reprocessing Plant." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16022.

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Belgoprocess started the industrial decommissioning of the main process building of the former EUROCHEMIC reprocessing plant in 1990, after completion of a pilot project in which two buildings were emptied and decontaminated to background levels. The remaining structures were demolished and the concrete debris was disposed of as industrial waste and green field conditions restored. The Eurochemic reprocessing plant operated from 1966 to 1974 to process fuel from power reactors and research reactors. The main building is a large concrete structure, comprising a surface area of 55,000 m2, concrete volume 12,500 m3, and 1,500 Mg of metal components. The building is divided into multiple cells. About 106 individual cell structures have to be dismantled, involving the removal and decontamination of equipment from each cell, the decontamination of the cell walls, ceilings and floors, the dismantling of the ventilation system. Most of the work involves hands-on operations under protective clothing tailored to each specific task. Tool automation and automatic positioning systems are successfully applied. In view of the final demolition of the main process building, the main process building has been divided into three parts — each part is isolated from the others. In September 2008 the eastern part of the building has been demolished. The paper presents a status overview of the decommissioning and decontamination activities at the main process building of the former Eurochemic reprocessing plant on the nuclear site of Dessel in Belgium. The specific BELGOPROCESS strategy will be highlighted, in which the decommissioning activities are carried out on an industrial scale with special emphasis on cost minimisation, the use of technology on an industrial representative scale and the specific alpha contamination of equipment and building surfaces, requiring that the decommissioning work is done with adequate protective clothing. Also specific breathing and cooling air systems have been provided to allow the operators to carry out the decommissioning tasks in acceptable working conditions.
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Clark, Raymond L., Kenneth Czyscinski, Reid J. Rosnick, and Daniel Schultheisz. "Amendments to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Public Health and Environmental Radiation Protection Standards for Yucca Mountain, Nevada (40 CFR Part 197)." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16156.

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In 2001, as directed by the Energy Policy Act of 1992, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued public health and environmental radiation protection standards for the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Several parties sued the Agency on numerous aspects of the rule. A Federal Court upheld EPA on all counts except for the compliance period associated with the individual-protection standard, which the Agency had limited to 10,000 years for a number of technical and policy reasons. However, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) had recommended that the standard be set for the time of peak risk, within the limits imposed by the long-term stability of the geologic environment, which NAS estimated at 1 million years. EPA’s standards required that the Department of Energy (DOE) project doses to the time of peak dose but did not apply a compliance standard to these longer term projections. The Court ruled that EPA’s 10,000-year compliance period was inconsistent with the NAS recommendation. This aspect of the rule was vacated and remanded to the Agency for revision. In 2005, EPA proposed amendments to the standards. Following public hearings and a public review period, the final amendments were issued in September 2008. This paper discusses the new requirements.
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7

Lytsy, Tero, and Mia Ylä-Mella. "A Step-by-Step Development of Radioactive Waste Management Strategy." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96245.

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Fennovoima is Finland’s third nuclear power company founded in 2007. Fennovoima will build a new nuclear power plant, Hanhikivi 1, in Pyhäjoki municipality located in Northern Finland. Currently Fennovoima is evaluating bids from reactor suppliers. Originally two suppliers, AREVA and Toshiba Heavy Industries were invited to bid for the plant but later also a bid from Rosatom were invited. The plant supplier will be selected in 2013. Platom is a Finnish company with extensive experience in radioactive waste management. In the beginning of 2008, Platom was assigned by Fennovoima as radioactive waste management consultant and to develop radioactive waste management strategy and to support Fennovoima in negotiations with plant suppliers in waste management aspects. Since Fennovoima has started, there have been some changes to the regulatory requirements which had to be taken into account while developing the strategy. One important change is due to the Government Degree 27.11.2008/736 which establishes a new waste category of very low-level waste following international development and the “new” IAEA waste classification. Other important change was introduced by the change 342/2008 to the Nuclear Energy Act allowing some nuclear waste to be delivered to another country for treatment. These and many more requirements had to be considered when developing the strategy. Early work by Platom was mostly done to support development of application for Decision-in-Principle. This was the first important licensing step for Fennovoima. Work started with studies and plans which were used by Fennovoima to gather the know-how required to draw up the application. Descriptions of waste streams and waste management technologies were developed as well as preliminary waste inventories and studies for final disposal, including preliminary dimensioning of the repository facilities. Based on these plans nuclear regulator’s preliminary safety assessment was performed. The work was successfully completed as in 2010 the Government of Finland granted Fennovoima a permit to build a new nuclear power plant. The work continued in 2012 when bids were received for EPR and ABWR type reactors. Plans developed earlier were elaborated into a detailed strategy and the proposed waste management solutions were evaluated. This allowed feedback from the bids into the strategy and to the bid specification and they both were developed. Also waste inventories were elaborated which allowed development of reactor design specific disposal strategies. The main objective of work has been to establish basis for safe and efficient radioactive waste management which meets all the relevant national and international recommendations, requirements and regulations, takes advantage of best available and state-of-art technologies and offers fit-for-purpose solutions. All the work was performed to accommodate requirement based management system.
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Walthe´ry, Robert, Patrick Lewandowski, Bart Ooms, Nancy Reusen, and Wim Van Laer. "Progress and Experiences From the Decommissioning of the Eurochemic Reprocessing Plant." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75809.

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Belgoprocess started the industrial decommissioning of the main process building of the former EUROCHEMIC reprocessing plant in 1990, after completion of a pilot project in which two buildings were emptied and decontaminated to background levels. The remaining structures were demolished and the concrete debris was disposed of as industrial waste and green field conditions restored. The Eurochemic reprocessing plant operated from 1966 to 1974 to process fuel from power reactors and research reactors. The main building is a large concrete structure, comprising a surface area of 55,000 m2, concrete volume 12,500 m3, and 1,500 Mg of metal components. The building is divided into multiple cells. About 106 individual cell structures have to be dismantled, involving the removal and decontamination of equipment from each cell, the decontamination of the cell walls, ceilings and floors, the dismantling of the ventilation system. Most of the work involves hands-on operations under protective clothing tailored to each specific task. Tool automation and automatic positioning systems are successfully applied. In view of the final demolition of the main process building, the main process building has been divided into three parts — each part is isolated from the others. In September 2008 the eastern part of the building has been demolished. The paper presents a status overview of the decommissioning and decontamination activities at the main process building of the former Eurochemic reprocessing plant on the nuclear site of Dessel in Belgium. The specific BELGOPROCESS strategy will be highlighted, in which the decommissioning activities are carried out on an industrial scale with special emphasis on cost minimisation, the use of technology on an industrial representative scale and the specific alpha contamination of equipment and building surfaces, requiring that the decommissioning work is done with adequate protective clothing. Also specific breathing and cooling air systems have been provided to allow the operators to carry out the decommissioning tasks in acceptable working conditions.
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