Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Waste management'
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Jaensson, Stina. "Solid waste management implementation, an opportunity not to be wasted : Solid waste management in Babati, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2432.
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The amount of waste is increasing in the world due to changed consumption patterns and increasing populations. This is a problem especially in poor countries where the ability to handle the waste is limited due to financial and management problems. The non-profit organization WASTE has developed an Integrated Sustainable Waste Management- concept (ISWM), trying to help cities with waste management. The concept focuses on cooperation and participation among stakeholders, and also introduction of micro-and small enterprises and community based organizations. The aim of this thesis is to give recommendations to Babati, a small town in the north of Tanzania, how to develop their waste management based on the concept of ISWM. A case study has been carried out in the town, founding out that the streets of the town is free from litter today but is facing big challenges in the future. The town has a growing population and is just about to change waste management system. The new system is not developed in cooperation with the stakeholders in the town, but rather an initiative from the authorities, which will make the system very fragile. However, it is not too late to take action for securing a successful implementation of the system. The authorities of Babati now have an opportunity to adjust the solid waste system before population and the mountain of waste gets out of control. The suggestions given to Babati are to have parallel systems of waste collecting; it will try to meet people’s different needs. Encourage people to make waste handling into a business is also essential, that will reduce the amount of waste and generate incomes at the same time. Finally and most important is to involve all stakeholders and listen to their needs. If the stakeholders are parts of the process and involved in decision making, it is much more likely that the system becomes sustainable and a success.
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Rosberg, Philip. "Waste management at Electrolux : Proposals for a New Waste Management- and Waste Reporting System." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202577.
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There has been an increased trend and awareness, during the past two decades, for global companies to assess their environmental impact. And when it comes to waste management, there are at this point few disarmaments that an increased awareness of companies’ resource-, and waste streams can have positive financial outcomes, if actions are taken. A lot of these ideas have already been implemented within Electrolux. By developing an energy and water management plan, Green Spirit, they have successfully improved their operations with reducing their energy intensity with 17% (2011-2015) and water intensity with 35% (2011- 2015) (Electrolux Sustainability, 2016). This study has the main objective how to improve and reduce waste in Electrolux´s production facilities, and to help Electrolux understand their waste streams. By assessing the waste performance at Electrolux, and by comparing environmental KPIs between Electrolux and a selection of competitors, a basis for decision was developed. Literature studies of legislative frameworks in geographical regions where Electrolux have a strong presence have helped to understand how companies can work with regulatory entities to solve greater issues. By joining forces with other companies and governments, Electrolux will be able to set an example of how waste performance and profitability can be achieved. By sharing best practice, and engaging with stakeholders and developers, Electrolux can help improve waste performance and save natural resources. This thesis has lead to the development of a new management system, a new reporting system, and a transparent way to rank and keep track of waste performance at Electrolux factories. A way to understand and address issues related to zero waste is also presented.
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Seadon, Jeffrey Keith. "Integrated waste management." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5862.
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Integrated waste management is considered from a systems’ approach, with a particular emphasis on advancing sustainability. The focus of the thesis is to examine the various subsystems as they apply in a New Zealand context and to scrutinize the developments of these subsystems in a time where there has been a renewed worldwide interest in sustainability. Fonterra is evaluated as a prime industry example along with the Ministry for the Environment as the government representative. Both Fonterra and the government have made some progress in addressing the problem of waste and so far they have followed a similar path as their sectors worldwide in that they have addressed parts of the waste issue but not as an ongoing and systematic approach to provide a sustainable solution to waste. The initial aim was to investigate the current state of practice to gain an insight into the integration of waste management. Research into the relevant literature along with a combination of data collection and interviews were organised with practitioners and stakeholders from Fonterra, the Ministry for the Environment, local government waste officials, local and central government politicians, consultants and non-governmental organisations. The thesis identifies pockets of an integrated approach to waste management internationally and even some elements of a systems approach. The path to an integrated approach usually starts with a simple framework like a waste management hierarchy operating in one medium and progresses to multiple media. A range of existing tools provides the flexibility for a systems approach focusing on the processes that increase resource efficiency. The use of leverage points at opportune times can enable substantial improvements in a waste management system that provides opportunities for ongoing systems based integration and the saving of both money and resources. Additionally, integrated waste management systems require agents including site managers, company head office, councils, central government and the community to work together in a cooperative, transparent and coordinated manner. The thesis has provided a way forward to move towards sustainability through an integrated approach to waste management.Whole document restricted until August 2011, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
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Hassinger, Elaine, and Jack Watson. "Hazardous Waste Management." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146417.
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2 pp.The wide variety of products commonly used in households and on farms include paints, solvents, oils, fuels, cleaners, wood preservatives, batteries, adhesives, and pesticides. Hazardous substances found in these products can contaminate groundwater if they are not used, stored, and disposed of properly. This fact sheet is taken from the Arizona Farm*A*Syst workbook. It was developed to help readers manage hazardous waste properly.
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Carolus, Vernon. "Waste and waste management in Breede Valley district." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/784.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007The waste management that is taking place in the Breede Valley district focus mainly on disposal and end-of-pipe solutions. This approach resulted in serious negative impacts on the environment and human health. Improper waste management practices have become a major source of concern due to the risk associated with poor waste management in the area. Indiscriminate dumping of waste at street corners is very common. The basic waste management processes of collection, transport, segregation and [mal disposal appear to be very inefficient and inadequate. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of the waste stream as well as public awareness, attitudes and behaviours towards current and alternative waste management practices. A waste assessment study was conducted to determine the amount of waste generated by the different communities, as well as how much and what of the recyclables can be taken out of the waste stream by recycling. For this study data was obtained by formulation of questionnaires for businesses, communities and medical practitioners, as well as an interview with the Engineering Department of the Breede Valley Municipality about the current waste management situation in the area. From the data obtain from businesses, communities and medical facilities, it is clear that public participation, partnership, education and awareness is essential for effective integrated waste management. This study revealed that waste management practices are inefficient, uncontrolled and fragmented. This investigation shows that there is a huge difference between the different communities in terms of the volume of waste generation. The study also shows that waste related legislation is outdated and fragmented and there is no enforcement by municipal officials. The major Issues and challenges that affect the management of waste. include its organisational structure and lack of waste minimisation plans.
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Lau, Kin-wah. "Management, disposal and recycling of waste organic solvents in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945139.
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Suresh, Shashidhar, and Vinodhkumar Vijayakumar. "Waste management in Botswana." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-75015.
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Waste is anything which is considered to be no longer useful to anyone. In reality, it actually possesses the ability to be the raw material for several other processes and applications. Improper handling of wastes could result in several environmental hazards such as air pollution, soil erosion, methane emissions, low birth rate and others. In developing countries, proper handling of wastes is one of the important topics to be focussed from an environmental perspective. This thesis aims to propose an improved waste collection system in Gaborone through investigating the current waste management practices in Gaborone from different perspectives. Several stakeholders were interviewed for gathering information related to the present waste legislations, waste collection, treatment, and disposal methods. A composition study was also conducted along with the other research teams in order to support the objective of this thesis. The results shows that the current waste management practices has certain flaws which the management has to overcome in order to avoid the environmental impacts caused by the waste generation in Gaborone. Basic Recycling and treatment facilities are absent in Gaborone. The local government do not have any updated plans for the proper handling of wastes. The obtained results are critically analysed to showcase the existing flaws in the waste management practices, and using the state of the art knowledge in waste management the research team suggests an improved waste collection system for Gaborone considering the economic and environmental conditions.
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Man, Yuk-lan Catherine. "Cyanide waste management : technologies, economic aspects, and constraints /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17665346.
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Wright, Linda Marie. "Sustainable waste management and vermicomposting of biodegradable municipal waste." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407990.
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Mashazhu, Mabasa. "Waste farm: a productive landscape for integrated waste management." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28251.
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In 2010 the city of Cape Town partnered with the Department of Environmental Affairs to initiate a project to investigate and evaluate the possible re-opening and licensing of Historic and Old landfill sites. The project to reassess these landfill sites is due to the fact that the three main operating landfill sites in Cape Town are nearing capacity. This calls for the city to re-imagine its waste management infrastructure. Meanwhile, within the urban areas of Cape Town, there exists a network and constellations of informal waste pickers working in conjunction with buy-back centres and recyclers to form an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable solution that diverts volumes of recyclable waste from landfills. These informal waste pickers contribute to filling in a gap within the formal recycling system but there is no infrastructure supporting these individuals on whom the formal recycling industry depends on. Most of the waste pickers sleep 'on the streets' with little access to amenities such as water, toilets and washing facilities. The spaces they occupy/sleep make it hard to store their pickings and hence they are forced to sell as soon as they collect. It also forces them to make multiple trips to the buy-back centres whom they are always at the mercy of, particularly when the ever changing price of recyclable waste is low. This project aims at creating a productive landscape that uses waste as a vehicle to enhance the livelihoods of informal waste pickers and encourage local communities to see the economic and environmental value of recycling waste. By providing secure storage and sorting, safe/hygienic sleeping and cleaning spaces coupled with social and productive areas; the project seeks to unlock the potential of recycling using a suitable architectural intervention that is self-sustaining.
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Taye, Mesfin, and Wisdom Kanda. "E-waste management in Botswana." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69213.
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Electr(on)ic equipments possess parts and components with high economic value and environmental peril which prompts a potential need to assess the EEE’s management at EoL. E-waste management in developing countries is one of the least revised environmental topics. In recent times however the subject is getting research limelight from scholars. This study aims at enhancing the existing e-waste management practice in Gaborone, Botswana through systematic investigation of the current circulation, usage, handling and management of W(EEEs). Several stakeholders in the solid waste management system were interviewed and also an in situ (on the landfill) waste composition study was conducted in line with the aims and objectives of the research. The study finds that WEEEs do not have exclusively designed management structure in Gaborone and they rather flow source to sink usually blended with the general waste derived from the entire socio-economic activity. Waste composition study conducted on the landfill indicates a very low percentage composition (less than 1%) of WEEEs in the junk corresponding to 1.9 kg/capita/year. Substantial amount of obsolete EEEs rather seem to linger in the socio-economic system until a capable tapping mechanism is installed. An integrated e-waste management system cored around public sensitisation and the novel phenomenon of Enhanced landfill mining which simultaneously offers time to consult developed countries for expertise on sustainable WEEE management is proposed. The impetus to close the linear flow of electr(on)ic materials remain with the government and a range of stakeholders/interest groups who seek to gain economic advantages and also trim down environmental implications from the circulating and landfilled W(EEEs).
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Siu, Chi-man Benny. "Environmental management of plastic waste /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37117464.
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Moore, Stephen. "Regional hazardous waste management systems /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensm824.pdf.
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Hui, Pak-kai, and 許柏佳. "Waste management in aviation industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254226.
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Siu, Chi-man Benny, and 蕭志敏. "Environmental management of plastic waste." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013585.
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Samsonenko, O. "Economic instruments for waste management." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11815.
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Hui, Pak-kai. "Waste management in aviation industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301797.
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Bamonti, Silvia <1983>. "Innovative Techniques for Waste Management." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7891/1/Bamonti_Silvia_tesi.pdf.
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This work focuses on innovative approaches applied to waste management and aimed at developing strategies and actions which can be operatively integrated into the design of environmental services. Innovations presented here, belong to the HERGO project, developed within the Hera Group, and aimed at providing the complete traceability of collection routes by means of ICT solutions. In practice, an interconnection between a central management system, a system for data acquisition and field devices, has been realized to provide a profitable exchange of information about environmental services. All the data collected on field, by means of sensors and readers, are georeferenced as the system is connected to WEB GIS.
Traceability of the collection processes represents a strong innovation in the field of waste management and it is intended to be the basis for future developments aimed at improving the environmental services. Indeed, as shown here, data collected into the HERGO system, can be employed to optimize the collection routes, which produces relevant improvements from both a logistic and environmental point of view.
Under future scenarios, also related to climate change, the identification of solutions able to reduce resource consumption and depletion, may significantly produce benefit at global level for the society as a whole. As such, the analysis and approaches described here, are in line with the priorities identified by the European programmes for climate and row materials. Among these priorities, an important role is played by recycling. For this reason, part of the research is related to the application of Life Cycle Assessment to quantify the environmental benefit deriving from the employment of recycled materials under scenarios of interest.
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af, Ugglas Samuel. "Waste diagnostic - A caste study of a company’s waste management." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279482.
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This case study of the waste management at a pharmaceutical company investigates the current situation and possible improvements for future work in terms of amount of waste generated, treatment methods and economy. The scope of the project was to assess all current waste streams from the everyday activities and find potential areas for improvement. Chemical/solvent waste have not been investigated thoroughly because of the complexity to make changes within the manufacturing processes. Waste generated during demolition and construction by external contractors have been excluded since it is not a part of the business as usual. The company has set the goal to decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 20% and waste generated by 15% and to achieve these goals the waste diagnostic project have been initiated. Waste reports and guided tours at each department have been compiled to assess and map out all waste streams at the site. The waste management hierarchy has been used as a tool together with performance measurements to evaluate current situation and with examples from literature, other sites and industries recommendations have been made. The waste management hierarchy is a tool used to prioritize waste management to reach a circular economy, with landfill at the bottom and reduction/reuse at the top of the hierarchy the current status of a company can be assessed and also what areas that have to be improved in order to climb the hierarchy. The company shows a good environmental performance today and comply with internal standards, the waste metric scoring calculation results in a value of, , 464 which corresponds to energy recovery level of the waste management hierarchy. An ISO certificate ensures customers that a product or service meet the standards the customer have. There are ISO standards within many different areas and ISO 14001 applies to environmental management which the company is not certified with. The company comply with the internal standards but an ISO certificate would result in extra credibility. Some of the recommendations to the site includes a waste management communication program to engage employees, reuse of disposable pallets, drying of wastewater sludge and installation of paper shredder to reduce costs related to classified documents.Denna fallstudie om avfallshanteringen på ett läkemedelsföretag undersöker den nuvarande situationen och potentiella förbättringsmöjligheter för framtida arbete beträffande mängd avfall som genereras, behandlingsmetoder och ekonomi. Projektets mål var att utvärdera alla avfallsströmmar från de dagliga aktiviteterna och identifiera potentiella områden för förbättring. Kemiskt/lösningsmedelavfall har inte undersökts på djupet på grund av komplexiteten att göra ändringar inom tillverkningsprocesserna. Projektavfall som genererats under rivning och byggande av externa entreprenörer har uteslutits eftersom det inte är en del av den dagliga verksamheten. Företaget har satt som mål att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser med 20% och avfall genererat med 15% och för att uppnå dessa mål har ”waste diagnostic” projektet inletts. Avfallsrapporter och guidade turer vid varje avdelning har sammanställts för att utvärdera och kartlägga alla avfallsströmmar på siten. Avfallshierarkin har använts som ett verktyg tillsammans med prestandamätningar för att utvärdera den aktuella situationen och med exempel från litteratur, andra siter och branscher har rekommendationer gjorts. Avfallshanteringshierarkin är ett verktyg som används för att prioritera avfallshantering för att uppnå en cirkulär ekonomi, med deponering i botten och minskning / återanvändning högst upp i hierarkin kan den aktuella statusen för ett företag bedömas och även vilka områden som måste förbättras för att nå högre upp i avfallshierarkin. Siten visar på en bra miljöprestanda idag och uppfyller de interna standarder som fastställts. Beräkningen av ”waste metric scoring” resulterar i ett värde, , på 464 vilket motsvarar nivån för energiåtervinning i avfallshanteringshierarkin. Ett ISO-certifikat garanterar kunder att en produkt eller tjänst uppfyller de standarder kunden har. Det finns ISO-standarder inom många olika områden och ISO 14001 är certifikatet för miljöledning som siten inte är certifierad med. Företaget följer de interna standarder som har satts men ett ISO-certifikat skulle resultera i ökad trovärdighet. Några av de identifierade rekommendationerna till företaget inkluderar ett kommunikationsprogram för avfallshantering för att engagera och utbilda anställda, återanvändning av engångspallar, torkning av slam och installation av dokumentförstörare för att minska kostnaderna kring sekretessbelagda dokument.
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文玉蘭 and Yuk-lan Catherine Man. "Cyanide waste management: technologies, economic aspects, and constraints." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253507.
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Pongrácz, E. (Eva). "Re-defining the concepts of waste and waste management:evolving the Theory of Waste Management." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514268210.
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Abstract
In an attempt to construct a new agenda for waste management, this
thesis explores the importance of the definition of waste and its impact
on waste management, and the role of ownership in waste management. It is
recognised that present legal waste definitions are ambiguous and do not
really give an insight into the concept of waste. Moreover, despite its
explicit wish of waste prevention, when according to present legislation a
thing is assigned the label of a waste, it is going to be treated like
waste, implicitly legislation thus amasses waste. The philosophical
ramifications inherent in such definitions mean that they are not capable
of constructing a system that, by its very nature, results in a
sustainable waste management system. It is also a fact that, while there
are numerous practices as to how to deal with a particular type of waste,
there is no theory of waste management. In this thesis, waste as a concept
is analysed from the point of view of why and when waste is created. Using
the PSSP language, waste is classified based on the Purpose and
Performance attributes. New, dynamic definitions for waste and waste
management are offered, which explain why waste is created and
intrinsically offer a solution to how the problem could be solved.
Additional waste-related concepts are introduced, which are thought to
have great potential for improvement on waste regulation. The concept of
ownership is explained as rights and responsibilities of waste
creators/owners: it is thus crucial to raising awareness about waste.
Ownership in itself often dictates which waste management options are
preferentially adopted by a given community. The role of legislation in
producing monitoring systems for the transfer of ownership as well as
abandonment of ownership is analysed. To avoid obstacles to resource
conservation due to materials being considered waste, a definition for
non-waste is introduced. The new agenda for waste management thus focuses
upon the development of more appropriate, sustainable definitions so that
what is now commonly perceived as being waste will in fact be increasingly
seen as resource-rich, 'non-waste'. The role of waste management is
explained as control of all waste-related activities, with the aim of
preventing, minimising or utilising waste. The need for a theory of waste
management is explained, and the first building blocks of the theory are
proposed. This thesis is offered as the first step toward scientification
of waste management.
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Rutter, P. J. "The application of clean technology to waste management : innovative technologies and engineering in waste management." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395347.
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Karunasena, G. I. "Capacity building for post disaster waste management : construction and demolition waste." Thesis, University of Salford, 2012. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/38096/.
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Though increasing nature of impacts from disasters has made post disaster management a significant area of concern, management of disaster waste is identified as an area of least concern. It presents momentous challenges for those with inadequate capacities due to large volumes and hazardous constituents created, particularly in developing countries. This is equally applicable to Sri Lanka which was severely affected by the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 and from three decades of civil war. In this context, it is vital to explore capacities which need to be enhanced for post disaster waste management. Accordingly, this study focuses on identification of existing capacities of post disaster waste management with special emphasise on Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste at national level entities in Sri Lanka. Disaster C&D waste comprises of waste such as debris generated from totally or partially damaged buildings and infrastructure as a direct impact of disasters or from demolished buildings and infrastructure at rehabilitation or early recovery stages. Literature revealed that after the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004, collected disaster waste containing a considerable proportion of C&D waste was not recycled or reused at its optimum capacity in Sri Lanka, instead disposing it at landfill sites. Initially, a literature review and document survey was conducted on capacity building with special emphasise on post disaster waste management to identify capacity building principles, strategies, evaluation measures and challenges, if there are any. Pilot interviews were conducted to identify current post disaster waste management practices in Sri Lanka. Multiple case studies and expert interviews were subsequently conducted to gather primary data on existing capacities of post disaster waste management in Sri Lanka. Three case studies which included fourteen individuals and seven experts representing government and non governmental organisations and other sector entities were selected for data collection. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as the main data collection method and code based analysis and cognitive mapping were used to analyse collected data. Results revealed existing capacities, capacity gaps and factors affecting capacity building for post disaster waste management including: skills and confidence building, links and collaborations, continuity and sustainability, research and development, communication and coordination, organisational implementations and investments in infrastructure. Approaches for enhancing capacities in post disaster waste management were identified. They include establishment of a regulatory body and enforceable rules and regulations, promotion of holistic approaches for training and development focussing on indigenous and sustainable methods, development of formal and transparent procedures to establish linkages and collaborations, create awareness on sustainable, environmentally friendly and culturally supportive techniques on disaster waste management. These approaches were identified with the aim to contribute towards achieving sustainable post disaster C&D waste management.
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Kohler, Ulrich F. "Waste stream logistics : a strategic management model for waste-generating companies." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.714443.
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Mallela, Vamsi Krishna. "E-waste Management by Developing Countries." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Electronic waste, also called e-waste, are various forms of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) that have ceased to be of value to their users or no longer satisfy their original purpose. E-waste products have exhausted their utility value through either redundancy, replacement, or breakage and include both “white goods” such as refrigerators, washing machines, and microwaves and “brown goods” such as televisions, radios, computers, and cell phones. Given that the technology revolution has exponentially increased the use of new electronic equipment, it has also produced growing volumes of obsolete products; e-waste is one of the fastest-growing waste streams. Although e-waste contains complex combinations of highly toxic substances that pose a danger to health and the environment, many of the products also contain recoverable precious materials, making it a different kind of waste compared with traditional municipal waste. Globally, e-waste constitutes more than 5 percent of all municipal solid waste and is increasing with the rise of sales of electronic products in developing countries. Most of the world’s e-waste is recycled in developing countries, where informal and hazardous setups for the extraction and sale of metals are common. Recycling companies in developed countries face strict environmental regulatory regimes and an increasing cost of waste disposal and thus may find exportation to small traders in developing countries more profitable than recycling in their own countries. There is also a significant illegal transboundary movement of e-waste in the form of donations and charity from rich industrialized nations to developing countries. E-waste profiteers can harvest substantial profits owing to lax environmental laws, corrupt officials, and poorly paid workers, and there is an urgent need to develop policies and strategies to dispose of and recycle e-waste safely to achieve a sustainable future.
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Nguyen, Xuan Hoang, and Hoang Viet Le. "Solid waste management in Mekong Delta." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88553.
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) in Vietnam has been increasing quickly and became one of the most considered environmental problems in Mekong Delta (MD) region covering 13 provinces and municipalities in the south of Vietnam. With a considerably large amount of MSW, the region produces about 5% of the total amount of MSW of the country. The collection rate of solid waste is about quite high (65 - 72%) in the cities and rather low (about 40 - 55%) in the rural areas, with a high content in organic matter (about 60 - 85%). The climate of MD can be characterized as tropical and monsoonal with a high rate of humidity and a strong impact of flooding. Like other regions too, the MSW collection and treatment system is still underdeveloped and rudimentary, with disposal sites being the sole dumping method of the unsorted MSW remaining untreated by any mechanical and biological pre-treatment steps. Within this paper, the current treatment, management and operation of MSW systems are introduced, as well as the identification of advantages and disadvantages, environmental impacts, potential risks of the MSW system within the impact of global climate change. The situation of MSW treatment and management is correlated with the climate change impact and the integrated solid waste management is introduced as a new approach for adapting the environmental protection awareness by considering the climate change for the longterm sustainable development orientationSự gia tăng chất thải rắn ở các đô thị Việt Nam ngày càng nhanh và chất thải rắn đang là một trong những vấn đề môi trường được quan tâm hàng đầu. Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long (ĐBSCL) nơi có đến 13 tỉnh và thành phố nằm ở phía Nam Việt Nam. Với lượng chất thải không nhỏ, chiếm khoảng 5 % tổng lượng chất thải rắn sinh hoạt của quốc gia. Tỷ lệ thu gom chất thải rắn thấp, chiếm khoảng 65 - 72 % ở thành thị, tỷ lệ này ở nông thôn thấp 40 - 55%, chất thải có hàm lượng hữu cơ cao chiếm khoảng 60 - 85%. Khí hậu nhiệt đới gió mùa với độ ẩm không khí cao và chịu ảnh hưởng lớn của lũ lụt hàng năm. Cũng như các khu vực khác, hệ thống thu gom và xử lý rác thải ở khu vực ĐBSCL còn rất thô sơ và lạc hậu, bãi rác là nơi duy nhất tiếp nhận trực tiếp hổnhợp rác thải không phân loại và qua bất kỳ công đoạn tiền xử lý nào. Trong phạm vi bài viết này, chúng tôi giới thiệu hoạt động vận hành hệ thống quản lý và xử lý rác đô thị trong khu vực đồng thời phân tích các thuận lợi và bất lợi, cũng như các tác động môi trường, những rủi ro tiềm ẩn trong điều kiện ảnh hưởng của biến đổi khí hậu toàn cầu - khu vực ĐBSCL là nơi chịu ảnh hưởng nặng nề nhất. Tình hình quản lý và xử lý rác được cân nhắc trong điều kiện tác động của biến đổi khí hậu, đồng thời quản lý tổng hợp rác thải cũng được đề xuất như một các tiếp cận mới nhằm đáp ứng nhiệm vụ bảo vệ môi trường trong điều kiện biến đổi khí hậu theo định hướng phát triển bền vững lâu dài
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Brown, Charlotte Olivia. "Disaster Waste Management: a systems approach." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7038.
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Depending on their nature and severity, disasters can create large volumes of debris and waste. Waste volumes from a single event can be the equivalent of many times the annual waste generation rate of the affected community. These volumes can overwhelm existing solid waste management facilities and personnel. Mismanagement of disaster waste can affect both the response and long term recovery of a disaster affected area.
Previous research into disaster waste management has been either context specific or event specific, making it difficult to transfer lessons from one disaster event to another. The aim of this research is to develop a systems understanding of disaster waste management and in turn develop context- and disaster-transferrable decision-making guidance for emergency and waste managers.
To research this complex and multi-disciplinary problem, a multi-hazard, multi-context, multi-case study approach was adopted. The research focussed on five major disaster events: 2011 Christchurch earthquake, 2009 Victorian Bushfires, 2009 Samoan tsunami, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake and 2005 Hurricane Katrina. The first stage of the analysis involved the development of a set of ‘disaster & disaster waste’ impact indicators. The indicators demonstrate a method by which disaster managers, planners and researchers can simplify the very large spectra of possible disaster impacts, into some key decision-drivers which will likely influence post-disaster management requirements. The second stage of the research was to develop a set of criteria to represent the desirable environmental, economic, social and recovery effects of a successful disaster waste management system. These criteria were used to assess the effectiveness of the disaster waste management approaches for the case studies. The third stage of the research was the cross-case analysis. Six main elements of disaster waste management systems were identified and analysed. These were: strategic management, funding mechanisms, operational management, environmental and human health risk management, and legislation and regulation. Within each of these system elements, key decision-making guidance (linked to the ‘disaster & disaster waste’ indicators) and management principles were developed.
The ‘disaster & disaster waste’ impact indicators, the effects assessment criteria and management principles have all been developed so that they can be practically applied to disaster waste management planning and response in the future.
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Yiu, Wing-chun, and 姚榮春. "Waste management in Hong Kong abattoirs." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125391X.
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Leung, Kin-keung Kenneth, and 梁健強. "Management and disposal of clinical waste." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253775.
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鄭裕文 and Yu-man Cheng. "Computer waste management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255164.
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黎慧卿 and Wai-hing Lai. "Solid waste management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41013104.
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Ng, Chiu-ue, and 吳昭榆. "Food waste management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194571.
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In Hong Kong, around 3,600 tonnes of food waste is produced every day. Although different pilot schemes and programmes had been operated by government and organizations, most of them were more like demonstrations on different methods in treating food waste. Up to this stage, no concrete facilities and long-term schemes have been carried out by the government to tackle the food waste generated. In this study, different approaches to treat food waste have been explored and relevant practices in Hong Kong have been investigated. In order to obtain the first hand information from the local situation, 250, 11 and four sets of questionnaires were distributed to the general public, catering sectors and green groups and other NGOs respectively. The relationship between the knowledge and attitude of food waste management and demographics characteristics of the participants were studied. Apart from questionnaires, four interviews with green groups and NGO were conducted. The results showed that all three sectors support implementation of food waste management, and were not satisfied with the current status of food waste management in Hong Kong. Both the general public and the catering sector found “converting food waste to renewable energy” the most suitable practice for food waste management in Hong Kong, while “food waste charging scheme” gain most of the support from the green groups and NGOs. Recommendations were made according to the results of the questionnaires, interviews and literature reviews on successful overseas case studies.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
33
Lee, Ka-yan, and 李嘉欣. "Electronic waste management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194583.
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This study aims to find out the solution of electronic waste problem in Hong Kong. Through case study of developed countries, it is found that implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility is the most common way in electronic waste management. This dissertation then evaluates the current situation of Hong Kong and the result show that the local recycling rate is not more than 20% while the remains are exported for recycling. Conclusion is drawn that Hong Kong needs to build up an e-waste recycling system by legislation and implementation of EPR.
The interviews to Legislative Council members were conducted to collect the major concern from Legislative Council members and the voters they represent. 13 interviews were conducted and all the interviewees agree e-waste is a problem and have to be solved as soon as it can be. However they hold different opinions on legislation as a measure of e-waste management.
The limitation of this study is that the limitation of time makes it hard to reserve a time with Leg Co members to conduct the interview as they were busy to the work of Legislative Council.
Education, providing economic incentives, banning of landfill and illegal dumping and storage, prohibit the uncontrolled recycling activities are the possible measures the government can take other than legislation and implementation of EPR in electronic waste management.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Sampson, G. "Modelling of integrated waste management systems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341082.
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Sörbom, Johanna, and Alia Gasim. "Solid Waste Management at Inhaca Island." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-242103.
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Solid Waste Management has become an issue of increasing global concern. As the population continues to grow and consumption patterns change municipal authorities are facing immense challenges to manage the increasing amounts of solid waste in a sustainable way. This report is composed by interviews, observations and literary studies and aims to map the Solid Waste Management system of Inhaca Island in Mozambique, in order to identify challenges and recommend for further actions of improvement. At Inhaca Island, waste is deposited on an open dumpsite or otherwise buried or burned around the house yards. The lack of financial means contributes to an improper waste management on the with challenges in areas such as collecting, disposal and treatment of waste. For Inhaca Island it is important to focus on improvements of the Solid Waste Management system that are not as dependent on the financial means of Maputo municipality, such as improvement in public awareness and informal waste-picking. These factors need to be addressed before establishing a technical system. Inadequate collection and handling of waste exposes the population to hazardous waste and endanger both public health and the environment. Therefore it is important to improve the waste management conditions on the island.I samband med att populationen ökar världen över och att konsumtionsmönstren förändras har olika kommunala myndigheter svårigheter med att hantera avfallshanteringen på ett hållbart sätt. Syftet med denna rapport är att kartlägga avfallshanteringen på Inhaca Island i Mozambique samt att identifiera olika svårigheter och att rekommendera potentiella framtidslösningar för det aktuella systemet. Datainsamlingen har gjorts genom intervjuer, observationer och litteraturstudier. Avfallet på Inhaca Island transporteras till en öppen dump-plats eller grävs ner eller bränns på befolkningens bakgårdar. Bristen på finansiellt stöd bidrar till en olämplig avfallshantering och därför är det viktigt att Inhaca Island fokuserar på förbättringar som inte är beroende av höga finansiella kostnader såsom information till allmänheten och den informella avfalls-plockningen. Dessa faktorer måste bli täckta innan ett tekniskt system implementeras. Det är viktigt att förbättra avfallshanteringen på ön då en bristande avfallshantering utsätter både människor och miljön för olika risker.
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Polu, Sai Kusuma. "Food waste management and nutrient recycling." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
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Food waste has become a major concern around the world in recent years. Food waste is on the rise as the world's population grows. Despite the fact that various efforts have been made to reduce food waste, they have not been totally successful. Food waste is not only a loss for humanity, but it is also a loss for the environment, society, and economy. The majority of countries are attempting to manage, recycle, and repurpose food waste. A brief summary of waste reduction in agricultural methods, food processing, manufacturing, and retail distribution is provided in this context. Food waste generated at market centres, food services such as hotels and restaurants, and households, on the other hand, will be discussed.
This research issue is mostly focused on nutrient recycling and tries to explore how to minimize, reuse, and recycle food waste as well as promote sustainable food waste management. Anaerobic Digestion is a promising solution for food waste management when compared to typical disposal methods such as landfilling, incineration, and composting. Anaerobic digestion is one of the most environmentally friendly and effective methods for food waste management and nutrient synthesis. Climate change mitigation, economic benefits, and landfill diversion are all advantages of anaerobic digestion of food waste.
Biogas is the end product of anaerobic digestion. Biogas is a renewable energy source that can also be converted into biofertilizer. Carbohydrates account for 11.8-74 percent of biogas. The biogas yield for mono-digestion of food waste was 0.27-0.642m3 CH4/kg, and 0.272-0.859m3 CH4/kg for co-digestion of food waste. Because of its biodegradability and high water content, food waste is a substrate that can be handled by anaerobic digestion. As a renewable energy source, anaerobic digestion may be a preferable option. The by-product biogas, which includes 50-60% methane, can be used to generate energy and the final digested sludge can be used as fertilizer.
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Garapati, Pavani Tushara. "Greencare - A Medical Waste Management Facility." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10785091.
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GreenCare is a medical waste management facility, located in Los Angeles, California and aims at effectively treating and managing all kinds of medical wastes. GreenCare’s business plan elaborates on how it is designed to safely and effectively handle the management of medical waste, by minimizing harmful byproducts, and emissions in the process. The aim of GreenCare is to offer disposal techniques including no-burn technologies that do not emit dioxin, mercury and other fatal pollutants, which differentiates GreenCare from other competitors in the market. The unique value proposition of GreenCare is to provide advanced ecological sensitive medical waste processing, and we aim to do this in a cost-competitive manner. It aims to lessen the ecological burden of medical waste in our communities, that is bound to create a positive impact on community health, in the long run. This business proposal gives the reader a thorough insight into the legal, regulatory issues and financial assumptions based upon which this proposal was designed.
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Смоленніков, Денис Олегович, Денис Олегович Смоленников, Denys Olehovych Smolennikov, and Yu Nadtochiy. "Waste management: european experience for Ukraine." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26789.
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Kasianenko, Ju. "Ecological-economic aspects of waste management." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31585.
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One of the hottest environmental issues has recently become the fight against the rubbish. Both air pollution, depletion of the ozone layer and global warming are the result of human activity.
Ukraine is taking the lead.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31585
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Lai, Wai-hing. "Solid waste management in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41013104.
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Leung, Kin-keung Kenneth. "Management and disposal of clinical waste /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18733992.
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Yiu, Wing-chun. "Waste management in Hong Kong abattoirs /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18735496.
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Cheng, Yu-man. "Computer waste management in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25436181.
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Setty, Rahul Sridhar. "Sensor-less Smart Waste Management System." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393301.
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In order to improve the municipal solid waste management efficiency, smart management approaches have been proposed such as wireless sensor network architecture solution which includes the use of sensors to detect the garbage bin fill levels and vehicle route optimization techniques. Experimental results show that we can save up to 35% of the operational cost by improving the efficiency of solid waste management. In this thesis, a new low-cost architecture solution is proposed for improving the efficiency of municipal solid waste management without the use of sensors. Instead, a messaging application is used to ask the customers for pick up of garbage. Based on their reply, the prototype architecture uses a cluster-first route-second method that implements a clustering algorithm with truck capacity as the constraint and solves a travelling salesman algorithm in each cluster. The prototype architecture consists of a back-end server that implements sweep clustering algorithm for clustering the customers by their location and solves travelling salesman problem with dynamic programming method in each cluster, firebase realtime database and front-end using android application for the mobile. The experimental results show that the prototype system can adapt to the change in dataset size and truck capacity constraints. We have observed that with an increase in truck capacity constraint, the number of clusters formed for the data set decreases. Forward and backward sweep clustering methods have been compared where there is no significant difference in the results produced. The dataset has been generated manually due to unavailability of real data from various sources. As a future work, we need to test the prototype with the real data in order to produce more accurate results.
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Clark, Andrea L. "Waste Management Minimization Strategies in Hospitals." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5064.
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During the delivery of healthcare services, hospital employees use enormous amounts of water, energy, and nonbiodegradable carcinogenic plastics. In the U.S., hospital staff generate an average of over 7,000 tons of waste per day at an average cost of $0.28 per pound for the disposal of regulated medical trash, which if efficiently managed or reduced, could result in substantial cost savings. Using the organizational learning and the transaction cost economics theories as the conceptual frameworks, the purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore strategies healthcare leaders used to minimize their waste management operational costs. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with 4 managers at a healthcare system in the Midwestern United States and reviewing financial documents as well as the participants' hospital website. Based on the thematic analysis, 4 primary themes emerged: (a) engaged leadership, (b) incorporate sustainability into the mission, vision, and values of the organization, (c) create an organizational culture of sustainability, and (d) innovation. Because society's health is largely dependent on the environment around them, these findings could assist hospital leaders in the implementation of cost-effective waste management strategies and contribute to positive social change.
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So, Wing-yeung, and 蘇永揚. "Waste management and its implications for environmental planning: a review of the waste management strategyfor Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574341.
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Raglin, Kala N. "A model for sustainable solid waste management through an analysis of Chicago, Illinois solid waste management systems." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16238.
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Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Sheri Smith
America’s landfill space is quickly depleting as the population continues to experience rapid growth; as the population grows the amount of daily waste generated increases at an alarming as well. In fact, by the year 2024, America would have exhausted all land areas dedicated to landfills. Currently, nationwide mandated regulations or standards to decrease the amount generated solid waste, construction waste, composting waste, or reducing waste at the source; do not exists. The following report researches effective practices that would make a waste management system sustainable. In order to rate the sustainability of the management system, a score sheet was created drawing from literature written. By creating a score sheet, individual waste management systems are able to determine if they are indeed sustainable and/or in need of improvement. The City of Chicago, Illinois, was chosen as the city to be measured and has proven to have a promising future as a prototype in effective sustainable waste management practices.
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Leung, Hoi-ting, and 梁凱婷. "Food waste upcycling for a sustainable food waste management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207646.
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Food waste issue is not only concerned in Hong Kong, but for the worldwide in recent years. Landfilling is the major method treating large amount of food waste by the government in Hong Kong, and only small amount of food waste would be upcycled by the government’s pilot composting plant and the private food waste upcycling companies. This management system on food waste is not sustainable which would lead to different social and environmental problems. Several plans are conducted by the government on dealing with food waste; the most frequently heard project is the project of Organic Waste Treatment Facilities (OWTFs), which is aimed to build five to six OWTFs between 2014 and2024. Besides the government’s efforts on food waste issue, food backs, researches and upcycling food waste by the private parties are observed. Therefore, develop a sustainable food waste management in Hong Kong especially on upcycling would be the best choice to reduce food waste as well as to solve the landfill exhausting problem.
The final aims of this study is to confirm the most suitable sustainable food waste management framework for Hong Kong and to develop a set of recommendations on food waste upcycling for stakeholders involved. This is achieved by reviewing related literature and international best practice; developing an universal sustainable food waste management framework; understanding the current situation in Hong Kong and identifying key issues through literature review and first hand data / information collections.
Online survey and interviews are conducted. 174 people completed the online survey and 29 interviews are conducted on upcycling businesses, catering sectors, actual customers of those upcycling products and NGOs. 6 factors are recognized and discussed under the 4 – steps food waste upcycling process framework, which causing the differences in management options and outcomes: 1. Late starting point; 2. Low variety of food wastes management methods; 3. Concerns; 4. Availability of food waste industry and market; 5.Lack of promotions and 6. Lack of education and resources. “Research and Development on Upcycling Food Waste Fund” is suggested for researching and developing new value –added upcycled products, subsidies and incentives are also suggested to maintain the competitiveness of upcycled products and develop an upcycling market in Hong Kong. Internet promotions and interactions are highly recommended on promotion, consultation and education aspects. The recent campaign –Food Wise Hong Kong is a good example for food waste management and it should be kept and further focused on food donation, and finally to promote food waste separation. The proposed food waste management plans and projects are also reviewed, collecting food waste from catering sector would be a better method at the beginning. Quantity-based charging scheme that charge by rubbish bags is suggested, facilities in the current waste station are needed to improve. An amended food waste management framework for current Hong Kong is constructed at last, hoping that can lead to sustainable development.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Cole, Christine. "Developing sustainable household waste management : a Local Authority approach to zero waste." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17625.
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This project was a case study with a Local Authority (Charnwood Borough Council, Leicestershire) to research the options in response to the challenges of managing household waste. This research focused on establishing and analysing methods of improving the sustainability of household waste management operation within a Waste Collection Authority, where the interaction with a variety of external and internal stakeholders meant a holistic approach was needed. Waste management practices and performances in Charnwood were evaluated and benchmarked against national standards and the demography of a semi-rural Borough. Waste management practices nationally were also reviewed. The performance of the LA was quantitatively compared with other UK LAs where higher recycling performances are achieved. Differences were separate food waste collection and treatment; a larger proportion of urban housing and the university with a transient population. Other differences included strategy and operational practices for garden waste, the storage, collection, transportation and treatment of waste. A time series statistical model was modified and applied to investigate long term waste generation trends from the Boroughs official waste data returns to Defra. These were used to assess the success of interventions undertaken. This statistical model was able to differentiate interventions that were able to achieve lasting improvements in either waste minimisation or recycling. The declaration of a Zero Waste Strategy was to capture the public imagination. A series of focus groups and public consultations were held to judge public reaction and develop and refine the strategy. These were used to adapt the Zero Waste idea to suit the local conditions. A major conclusion was that householder involvement would be crucial for successful implementation of the further separation of waste that would be required.
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Andersson, Daniel. "Waste Management in the Mekong Delta : Characterisation and evaluation of organic waste." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66928.
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This degree project investigated landfills that takes care of municipal solid waste in an area around the Mekong delta, namely An Giang province, Vietnam. The main objective for this study was to provide basic work in order to create a discussion with the local food markets to separate the household’s food waste from the rest. Such a discussion is possible to create through collaboration with local authorities and inform or guide stakeholders on how waste management can be improved, out of existing knowledge from Sweden. Therefore, this study aims to illuminate and give knowledge for improvements in questions regarding efficiency, organisation, participation, recycling and opportunities associated with a more efficient waste management system.Since a significant percentage of the household waste generated in Long Xuyen City, An Giang province are organic, the opportunity to convert organic waste into soil amendments was examined. Leachate from one of the landfills in the area was also analysed in order to get further understanding for its composition, focusing on organic parameters.Det här examensarbetet undersökte deponier som tar hand om hushållsavfall i ett område runt Mekongdeltat, närmare bestämt An Giang provinsen, Vietnam. Det främsta målet för den här studien var ett ge underlag till att skapa en diskussion med lokala matmarknader för att få dem att separera hushållens matavfall från övrigt avfall. En sådan diskussion är möjlig att skapa genom samarbete mellan lokala myndigheter och att informera eller vägvisa intressenter om hur avfallshanteringen kan förbättras, ut ifrån befintlig kunskap från Sverige. Därför fokuserar den här studien på att förklara och ge kunskap för förbättringar i frågor rörande effektivitet, organisation, deltagande, återvinning och möjligheter associerade med ett mer effektivt avfallshanteringssystem. Eftersom en stor andel av hushållsavfallet som genereras i Long Xuyen, An Giang-provinsen är organiskt, undersöktes möjligheten att konvertera organiskt avfall till jordförbättringsmedel. Lakvatten analyserades från en av deponierna i området för att få en djupare förståelse för dess sammansättning, med fokus på organiska parametrar.