Dissertations / Theses: 'Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling'

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Saaiman, Lizelle. "Improving waste management within selected South African municipalities." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1014736.

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The essentiality for waste reduction in society is prompted by the depletion of natural resources. Internationally, five waste management strategies have been identified, namely reduction of waste (waste prevention), re-use of waste, recycling of waste, recovery of energy and disposal to landfill. In Polokwane Declaration of September 2001, South Africa’s Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism committed itself to achieve a 50 percent reduction in the volume of waste generated by 2012 and to be landfilled and have a zero waste plan implemented by 2022. Through the National Waste Management Act, No. 59 of 2008, the South African government also committed itself to provide protection of health, well-being and the environment through measures to avoid and minimise the generation of waste. Even though several policies and legislative documents are available that address waste minimisation and recycling, individual community members are however still reluctant to participate in these activities. This study therefore investigated the current levels of understanding, education and commitment to recycling and waste minimisation in a selected South African community. The target respondents of the study were members of a local church who are representative of the various peoples that reside in the communities serviced by the selected municipality. A convenience sample of 70 participants from that church was selected to complete the questionnaires. Seventy (70) questionnaires were distributed, and all 70 questionnaires were returned. Interviews were also conducted with two managers from the Waste Management Department of the selected municipality. The data analyses conducted, included descriptive statistics and content analysis of the interview transcripts. The empirical results revealed among others that: (1) recycling removal service is limited to pre-selected recyclables; (2) the municipality contributes to local entrepreneurial opportunities; (3) public participation is a pre-requisite in the success of the programmes; (4) participation is determined by convenience; (5) enforcement of legislation assists with compliance; (6) environmental sustainability is supported by environmental concerned consumers; (7) mismatch of opinions around separation at source of generation and (8) continuous education is instrumental in waste management. The main recommendations of the study include: (1) municipalities need to provide exciting and innovative recycling and waste minimisation programmes, continuously; (2) positive attitude and behaviour of all the stakeholders determines the success of waste minimisation and recycling; and (3) society, industry and government need to join forces in ensuring success in waste management. By implementing these recommendations, stakeholders in this field of interest will go a long way in improving waste management in South Africa communities.

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Lai, Kit-ying. "Campaigns for promoting waste reduction, reuse and recycling case studies in Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42555814.

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Lai, Kit-ying, and 賴潔瑩. "Campaigns for promoting waste reduction, reuse and recycling: case studies in Japan, Singapore and HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42555814.

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Polu, Sai Kusuma. "Food waste management and nutrient recycling." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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Food waste has become a major concern around the world in recent years. Food waste is on the rise as the world's population grows. Despite the fact that various efforts have been made to reduce food waste, they have not been totally successful. Food waste is not only a loss for humanity, but it is also a loss for the environment, society, and economy. The majority of countries are attempting to manage, recycle, and repurpose food waste. A brief summary of waste reduction in agricultural methods, food processing, manufacturing, and retail distribution is provided in this context. Food waste generated at market centres, food services such as hotels and restaurants, and households, on the other hand, will be discussed. This research issue is mostly focused on nutrient recycling and tries to explore how to minimize, reuse, and recycle food waste as well as promote sustainable food waste management. Anaerobic Digestion is a promising solution for food waste management when compared to typical disposal methods such as landfilling, incineration, and composting. Anaerobic digestion is one of the most environmentally friendly and effective methods for food waste management and nutrient synthesis. Climate change mitigation, economic benefits, and landfill diversion are all advantages of anaerobic digestion of food waste. Biogas is the end product of anaerobic digestion. Biogas is a renewable energy source that can also be converted into biofertilizer. Carbohydrates account for 11.8-74 percent of biogas. The biogas yield for mono-digestion of food waste was 0.27-0.642m3 CH4/kg, and 0.272-0.859m3 CH4/kg for co-digestion of food waste. Because of its biodegradability and high water content, food waste is a substrate that can be handled by anaerobic digestion. As a renewable energy source, anaerobic digestion may be a preferable option. The by-product biogas, which includes 50-60% methane, can be used to generate energy and the final digested sludge can be used as fertilizer.

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Mazhar, Muhammad Ilyas Mechanical &amp Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Lifetime monitoring of appliances for reuse." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25963.

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Environmental awareness and legislative pressures have made manufacturers responsible for the take-back and end-of-life treatment of their products. Therefore, manufacturers are struggling to find ways to recover maximum value from returned products. This goal can best be achieved by promoting multiple reuse programs as reuse is one of the most effective ways to enhance a sustainable engineering economy. Since the essential goal of the reuse strategy is to reuse parts, the reliability of used parts becomes a core issue. Research indicates that reuse is technologically feasible, associated with a significant manufacturing cost saving, and it does not compromise product quality. However, it is not easy to be applied in reality. There are several uncertainties associated with reuse, the most common is the uncertainty of the product???s quality after use. A widespread implementation of the reuse strategy could be triggered, subject to the availability of reliable methods to assess the useful remaining life of parts. The evolution of such a methodology would play a pivotal role in making decisions on the supply chain process and the recovery value of returned products. Reliability assessment by life cycle data analysis is the basis of this research. The proposed methodology addresses the problem of reliability assessment of used parts by considering two important aspects. It performs statistical as well as condition monitoring data analysis for decision-making on reuse. The analysis is carried out in two stages. Firstly, a wellknown reliability assessment procedure, the Weibull analysis, is applied to analyse time-tofailure data to assess the overall reuse potential of components. In the second stage, the used capacity (actual life) of components is determined by analysing their operating history (condition monitoring data). The linear and nonlinear regression analysis, Kriging procedures and artificial neural networks (ANN) are employed in this stage. Finally, the Weibull analysis and ANNs are integrated to estimate the remaining useful life of components/assemblies of a product at the end of its first life cycle. The model was validated by using life cycle data from consumer products.

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Almeida, Jorge Alexandre Sales. "Plano de prevenção e gestão de residuos de construção e demolição. Uma análise crítica." Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3348.

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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The construction sector consumes an elevated amount of natural resources and produces large quantities of residues. In Portugal, this situation is aggravated due to low rates of reuse and recycling and resort to landfill sites. The main goal of the present work it was analysed the structure of a plan of prevention and management of construction and demolition residues (PPGRCD, acronym for Planos de Prevenção e Gestão de Resíduos de Construção e Demolição), and it has been evaluated the interest of its application in a construction site, that is to say, a critical analysis has been made to its implementation methodology in a actual construction site. It has been verified a production of over three times more construction and demolition residues than what was foreseen in the project phase. The inexistence of a general practice calculation methodology that can be considered warrantable is one of the factors of this discrepancy. The PPGRCD is a useful tool, because it promotes the performance of good habits in construction and demolition residues management. During its elaboration and implementation it is necessary the involvement of an experienced work group in this area. This residues management instrument could become even more useful if it was associated to a producer penalty in case of no fulfilment of the valorisation rates expected in the project phase.

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Oyenuga, Abioye. "Economic and environmental impact assessment of construction and demolition waste recycling and reuse using LCA and MCDA management tools." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2016. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1810/.

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Reuse and recycling of waste from construction and demolition (C&D) is problematic because the markets for secondary materials have not yet been fully integrated. Decisions regarding the reuse and recycling of building waste materials, however, are beneficial economically to the construction industry, in addition to having environmental and social responsibility outcomes. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the economic and environmental benefits of recycling and reuse of C&D waste. It explores how impact categories such as economic and environmental impact can be used to develop a decision-support framework for recycling and reusing building waste. Two case studies of real-life Demolition and New Build projects are selected to demonstrate how waste inventory data can be collected and adopted to support the decision-making process. A thorough review of the available literature revealed a holistic view of C&D waste management and its related economic and environmental impacts. The literature review helped establish a direction for what is needed to develop a decision-support framework. Two management tools (LCA and MCDA) were identified as possible tools needed to complete the decision-support framework. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) (an aspect of MCDA) were adopted to construct the framework, which was to be applied to the case study’s waste management system. The combination of these two management tools enables the full development of a framework that can measure both the economic and environmental impact of the current waste management system, as well as act as a tool for supporting decisions regarding different policy alternatives. Thus, the framework was applied to the Demolition and New Build case studies, and later validated for consistency. The framework delivered a set of positive results that could be useful for those making decisions on policy alternatives. Both the decision making process and waste management policy were selected and facilitated by the new framework. Decision makers' preferences on policy alternatives were ranked as final outcomes, and favoured reducing, recycling and reusing opportunities in C&D waste management. The result depicts an approach that, compared to current waste management practices, demonstrates a strong acceptability in terms of the environment and cost-effectiveness. Thus, the key findings discussed here provide an interesting foundation for future research, which will focus more on other impacts, such as the social and policy impacts of recycling and reusing C&D waste.

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Barbosa, Martina. "Minimização de residuo solido domestico na Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UNICAMP." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258158.

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Orientador: Egle Novaes Teixeira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Um dos grandes desafios da humanidade é como dispor a enorme quantidade de resíduo gerada diariamente. Se há algumas décadas este assunto era desprezado, hoje é um dos principais problemas a ser resolvido, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos. No Brasil, observa-se a procura por suas soluções. Neste sentido, a minimização do resíduo, por meio de ações que visem à redução na fonte, à reutilização e à reciclagem de material desponta como uma das principais opções para a composição de uma solução. Neste trabalho, buscou-se implantar um Programa de Minimização de Resíduo Sólido Doméstico na Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UNICAMP. Assim, foram realizadas caracterizações do resíduo gerado, anterior e posterior à implantação do programa. Nas caracterizações foram identificados a composição do resíduo gerado na FEC, o potencial de minimização deste resíduo e a eficiência do programa de coleta seletiva, já existente. Após a implantação Programa de Minimização, este foi avaliado para proposição de medidas de otimização. Concluiu-se que, quanto à composição, o resíduo gerado na FEC é composto principalmente por ¿papel¿ (dentre todos os tipos analisados, destaca-se a geração de papel toalha); ¿varrição¿ e ¿patogênico¿. Na avaliação do potencial de minimização, concluiu-se que, para todos cenários analisados, o resíduo sólido gerado na FEC apresentou considerável potencial de minimização. Em relação ao programa de minimização, observou-se que, apesar da recente implantação, apresentou resultados efetivos, reais e práticos, principalmente em relação à redução na geração de resíduos passíveis de redução na fonte e de reutilização. Quanto à eficiência da coleta seletiva, identificou-se que esta teve os índices de erro de descarte reduzidos, o que possibilitou uma melhora no material que vai para o programa de reciclagem. Desta forma, espera-se que este programa possa ser utilizado como metodologia proposta para que as demais unidades de ensino da UNICAMP, através do Grupo de Gestão de Resíduos da UNICAMP ou da Câmara de Trabalho de Resíduos Domésticos (atualmente a sua implantação está em estudo), possam, também, passar a minimizar seu resíduo
Abstract: Currently, one of the greatest challenges of humanity is what to do with the huge quantity of solid waste generated daily. If it was not an appreciated subject, nowadays, it figures as one of the main issues to be solved, mainly in big cities. In Brazil, there is a search for a solution for the waste¿s issue. Then, the solid waste minimization, composed by reduction, reuse and recycling, is one of the main options to compose a solution. In this work, the goal was to establish a program of domestic waste minimization of the Faculdade de Engenharia Civil Arquitetura e Urbanismo (FEC) at UNICAMP. So, several analyses of the waste generated in the School were made, before and after the program¿s implementation. During these analyses there were identified the composition of the waste generated at FEC, the minimization potential and the efficiency of the waste segregation program, already in place. After the introduction of the Minimization Program, it was evaluated in order to create optimization solutions. It was concluded, regarding waste composition, that the waste generated at FEC is basically composed by ¿paper¿ (among all different types found, distinguish the paper towel generation); ¿sweep¿ and ¿pathogenic¿. In the minimization potential evaluation, the conclusion was that, among all different analyzed scenarios, the waste generated at FEC presented a considerable minimization potential. With relation to the minimization program, it was observed that, besides the reduced amount of time after the implementation, it achieved good results, mainly regarding the generation reduction of waste likely to be reduced in source and to be reused. Concerning the efficiency of the waste segregation program, it was possible to identify that its error rates were reduced, enabling improvements in the waste material destined to the recycling program. In this way, it is expected that this program could be used as a proposed methodology to the remaining education units at UNICAMP be able to reduce their waste, through the Waste Management Group da UNICAMP, already in place, or the Domestic Waste Group Work, which implantation is being studied.
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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Bojor, Olire Innocent. "Evaluation of an alternative organic waste disposal system in Chevron-Escravos : a case study / O.I. Bojor." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2586.

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MONTEIRO, NETO Fernando Gomes. "Estudo da desoneração dos serviços de limpeza urbana e destinação final dos resíduos sólidos da Cidade do Recife-PE." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18543.

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Estima-se que 1,3 bilhão de toneladas de resíduos sólidos urbanos são gerados na Terra por ano. Em 2025, com o planeta habitado por cerca de oito bilhões de pessoas, dos quais cinco bilhões estarão concentrados em áreas urbanas, a quantidade de resíduos gerados possam se duplicar. Entre os anos de 2013 e 2014, o Brasil apresentou um aumento de 2,88% na geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos diárias, número alarmante, já que as áreas para destinação final desses resíduos estão se tornando cada vez mais escassas. A cidade do Recife-PE tem o contrato de Limpeza Urbana e Destinação Final dos resíduos sólidos como um dos mais onerosos. Por ser uma cidade em crescimento e de grande porte, os moradores do Recife geram grande quantidade de resíduos, da qual apenas uma pequena parte é reciclada corretamente. Cerca de 1,31% da parcela reciclável desses resíduos é aproveitada através das atividades executadas pela prefeitura para realização da coleta seletiva na cidade. Neste contexto, os resíduos sólidos devem ser tratados e recuperados por processos tecnológicos disponíveis e economicamente viáveis, antes da disposição final ambientalmente adequada. Para atingir tais objetivos, pode se citar três processos e instrumentos de redução e tratamento de resíduos sólidos: a Gestão Integrada e Sustentável dos Resíduos Sólidos, a reciclagem e a coleta seletiva. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral avaliar o atual modelo de gestão da coleta seletiva e propor uma possível desoneração dos serviços de limpeza urbana e destinação final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos oriundos da coleta domiciliar, por meio de levantamentos realizados na Empresa de Manutenção e Limpeza Urbana - EMLURB, nas indústrias recicladoras e nas cooperativas apoiadas pela prefeitura da cidade. Por fim, foi apresentada uma estimativa de valoração econômica para os resíduos sólidos recicláveis gerados na cidade com a posterior estruturação de cenários que apontaram uma possível desoneração do contrato de limpeza urbana e destinação final dos resíduos através de estimativas de comercialização da parcela reciclável dos resíduos sólidos gerados pela população. No cenário 1, que retrata a forma atual com que os resíduos sólidos recicláveis são geridos, Recife apresentou um potencial de desoneração de 17,54% dos custos com Coleta Seletiva, valor equivalente a R$ 877.965,38. No Cenário 2, onde a parcela prevista de aproveitamento dos resíduos sólidos recicláveis foi de 8%, observou-se que em 2036, ano final da projeção, a comercialização desses resíduos traria para a Cidade uma receita de R$ 25.248.195,14. No Cenário 3, com 15% de aproveitamento, o lucro gerado seria de 11,48%, no final do período, gerando um lucro aproximado de R$ 47.340.365,88. Por fim, no 4º e último Cenário, o lucro previsto em 2036 foi de 34,00%, já que a comercialização desses resíduos geraria um ganho de R$ 123.084.951,29.
It is estimated that 1.3 billion tons of municipal solid waste are generated on Earth per year. By 2025, the planet inhabited by about eight billion people, of whom five billion will be concentrated in urban areas, the amount of waste generated can be duplicated. Between 2013 and 2014, Brazil increased by 2.88% in the generation of daily MSW, alarming number, since the areas for disposal of such waste are becoming increasingly scarce. The city of Recife-PE has the Urban Cleaning contract and Final Destination of solid waste as one of the most expensive. As a growing city and large, residents of Recife generate large amounts of waste, of which only a small part is recycled properly. About 1.31% of the recyclable portion of this waste is harnessed through the activities carried out by the city to perform the selective collection in the city. In this context, the waste must be treated and recovered by available and economically viable technological processes before the environmentally sound disposal. To achieve these goals, you can name three processes and reduction tools and treatment of solid waste: the Integrated and Sustainable Management of Solid Waste, recycling and selective collection. This research aimed to evaluate the current management model of selective collection and propose a possible exemption of urban cleaning services and disposal of municipal solid waste from the home collection through surveys conducted in Empresa de Manutenção e Limpeza Urbana - EMLURB in the recycling industries and cooperatives supported by the city. Finally, an estimate of economic valuation was presented for recyclable solid waste generated in the city with the subsequent organization of scenarios that showed a possible exemption of urban cleaning contract and disposal of waste through marketing estimates recyclable portion of waste generated by the population. In scenario 1, which depicts the current way in which the recyclable solid waste is managed, Recife presented a potential reduction of 17.54% of the costs of selective collection, equivalent to R$ 877,965.38. In Scenario 2, where the share of expected use of recyclable waste was 8%, it was observed that in 2036, the final year of the projection, the marketing of such wastes would bring the city revenue of R$ 25,248,195.14. In Scenario 3, with 15% success, the generated profit was 11.48% at the end of the period, generating an approximate income of R$ 47,340,365.88. Finally, in the 4th and last scenario, the profit expected in 2036 was 34.00%, since the marketing of such waste would generate a gain of R$ 123,084,951.29

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Castro, Marco Aurélio Soares de. "Diagnóstico da gestão de resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos e proposta de modelo em um contexto de green supply chain management." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-23032015-100253/.

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Ao longo do ciclo de vida de um produto, a empresa que o disponibiliza interage com diversas outras organizações, tanto no fluxo direto como no fluxo reverso da cadeia estabelecida, além do consumidor. Assim, para a gestão dos aspectos e impactos ambientais desse produto, é necessário considerar as contribuições de atores como fornecedores, produtores, consumidores e organizações da cadeia reversa que coletam e processam os resíduos gerados. Isso implica adotar o conceito de Green Supply Chain Management (Gestão Ambiental da Cadeia de Suprimentos), o que, entre outros benefícios, permite maior eficiência na gestão de resíduos sólidos gerados ao longo da cadeia, especialmente após o fim da vida útil do produto. Ainda na área de resíduos sólidos, os resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos se caracterizam por conterem diversas substâncias que os tornam potencial fonte de matérias-primas e de riscos à saúde e ao meio ambiente. Sua geração extremamente difusa dificulta a caracterização quali-quantitativa e portanto sua gestão e gerenciamento adequados. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa, suportada por revisões bibliográfica e sistemática e por estudos de caso em organizações do município de São Carlos (SP) e de outros municípios que integravam uma mesma cadeia, apresenta um diagnóstico quali-quantitativo da gestão de REE gerados a partir de computadores pessoais descartados na área urbana do município e propõe diretrizes de um modelo de gestão destes resíduos que adota princípios de Green Supply Chain Management. Foi observado que já há disponibilidade técnica para a reutilização, via remanufatura, e a reciclagem de computadores pessoais, porém a deficitária infraestrutura para coleta e armazenamento é um fator limitante para a gestão e gerenciamento adequados. Constatou-se também que a interação e colaboração entre diferentes atores da cadeia identificada pode contribuir para aperfeiçoar a gestão deste tipo de REE.
Throughout the life cycle of a product, its manufacturer interacts with various other organizations, on both the direct and reverse flows of the established chain, as well as the customer. Therefore, in order to manage the environmental aspects and impacts of that product, it is necessary to consider the contributions of participants such as suppliers, producers, consumers and reverse chain organizations that collect and process the waste generated. This implies adopting the concept of Green Supply Chain Management, which, among other benefits, allows greater efficiency in the management of solid waste generated along the chain, especially when the product reaches its end of life. Still in the field of solid waste, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are characterized by containing various substances that make them potential sources of precious raw materials and, simultaneously, risks to health and the environment. Its extremely diffuse generation makes quali-quantitative characterizations and therefore its proper management more difficult. In this context, the research reported here, comprised of bibliographic and systematic reviews and case studies in organizations in São Carlos (SP) and other cities that are part of the same chain, presents a quali-quantitative diagnosis of REE management generated from personal computers discarded in the urban area of that city and proposes guidelines of a management model that adopts Green Supply Chain Management principles. It was observed that there is already technical availability for reuse (after remanufacturing) and recycling of personal computers, but poor infrastructure for collection and storage is a limiting factor. It was also noted that the interaction and cooperation between different actors in the identified chain may contribute to improve the management of this type of WEEE.

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Braga, Adriana Fonseca. "A reciclagem de resíduos sólidos urbanos: um olhar a partir de três estudos de casos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6140/tde-27082018-120141/.

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Em muitas cidades ao redor do mundo, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, a gestão e o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos são inadequados e causam impactos negativos à saúde pública, meio ambiente, acentuam as desigualdades sociais e contribuem significativamente com a geração dos Gases do Efeito Estufa. Entretanto estes impactos negativos podem ser minimizados com o cumprimento de políticas públicas que promovem a reutilização e reciclagem desses resíduos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar políticas públicas municipais que contribuem para o aumento das taxas de reciclagem de resíduos sólidos urbanos por meio de estudo de caso múltiplo comparativo entre três municípios: São Paulo (Brasil), Cidade do Cabo (África do Sul) e São Francisco (Estados Unidos). A metodologia baseou-se em referências bibliográficas para a identificação de um município que fosse referência mundial no tema e dois outros, situados em países em desenvolvimento (BRICS). Posteriormente foram realizados levantamentos de campo nos municípios selecionados por meio de roteiro de entrevistas e visitas técnicas e, na sequência, criados critérios de avaliação comparativa, baseados em cinco variáveis para a coleta com segregação na fonte e cinco variáveis para as políticas públicas. Os resultados apontaram que São Francisco recupera 84% dos resíduos, obtendo a melhor nota da avaliação, tanto em termos de variáveis técnicas da coleta, como em termos de políticas públicas implantadas. A Cidade do Cabo recupera 27% dos resíduos e obteve a segunda melhor avaliação e, São Paulo que recupera 1,62% dos resíduos, obteve a menor avaliação. As conclusões apontaram que para se alcançar maiores taxas de reciclagem de resíduos sólidos urbanos é fundamental: a obrigatoriedade local de segregação dos resíduos na fonte geradora, a cobrança dos serviços de coleta seletiva para garantir a sustentabilidade econômica, incluindo sistema que permita o pagamento de taxa proporcional às quantidades de resíduos geradas, ampliar programas complementares de minimização de resíduos, campanhas em massa para divulgação dos serviços de coleta seletiva, assim como, a execução de planos integrados de resíduos sólidos com objetivos, metas, recursos e cronograma executivo adaptados às realidades locais dos municípios, inclusive com participação de prestadores de serviços diversificados como o terceiro setor e empresas privadas de diversos porte.
In many cities around the world, especially in developing countries, the management of municipal solid waste is inadequate and contributes with to negative impacts for public health and the environment, accentuates social inequalities and contributes significantly to the generation of Greenhouse Gases. However, these negatives impacts can be minimized by complying public policies that promote the reuse and recycling of municipality solid waste. The objective of this research was to identify local public policies that contribute to increase the rates of municipal solid waste recycling through a comparative multiple case studies of three cities: São Paulo (Brazil), Cape Town (South Africa) and San Francisco (The United States). The methodology was based on bibliographical references for the identification of a city that is a world reference in the theme and two others, located developing countries (BRICS). Afterwards field surveys were carried out in the selected municipalities through a script of interviews and technical visits, followed by benchmarking criteria based on five variables for collection with segregation at source and five variables for public policies. The results showed that São Francisco recovers 84% of the waste, obtaining the best evaluation score, both in terms of technical variables of collection and in terms of public policies implemented. Cape Town recovers 27% of the waste and obtained the second best evaluation, and São Paulo, which recovers 1.62% of the waste, obtained the lowest evaluation. The conclusions pointed out that in order to achieve high rates of recycling of solid urban waste, it is essential to: local compulsory segregation of waste in the generating source, the charging of collection services to ensure financial sustainability, including a system that allows the payment of a fee proportional to the amount of waste generated, mass campaigns to disseminate selective waste collection services, as well as the implementation of integrated solid waste plans with objectives, targets, resources and executive schedule adapted to the local realities of municipalities, including the participation of diversified service providers such as the third sector and private companies of various sizes.

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Tengelin, Elin, and Martina Vetterlund-Handberg. "ÅTERANVÄNDNING AV SCHAKTMASSOR." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40445.

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Syfte: Återanvändningen av schaktmassor inom anläggningsbranschen är i dagsläget begränsad. Bland annat på grund av otydliga regelverk samt låga kostnader och hög tillgänglighet av jungfruliga material. Trots att schaktmassor har en hög potential att återanvändas finns det andra alternativ för överskottsmassor som uppstår i ett projekt som är mer fördelaktiga för entreprenörer. Svårigheterna kring återanvändning av schaktmassor är det som skall undersökas och målet med rapporten är följaktligen att undersöka möjligheterna att främja återanvändning av schaktmassor inom anläggningsbranschen. Målet kommer att besvaras med hjälp av två frågeställningar: (1) Hur kan återanvändningen av schaktmassor främjas inom anläggningsbranschen? (2) Hur kan en återanvändningsterminal öka återanvändningen av schaktmassor? Metod: Metoderna som valts för att samla empiri till studien är litteraturstudie, dokumentanalys och intervjuer. Litteraturstudien och dokumentanalysen skapade en kunskapsuppbyggnad inom ämnet som bland annat låg till grund för utformningen av intervjuerna. Intervjuerna har genomförts tillsammans med tio respondenter från åtta olika företag inom anläggningsbranschen. Resultat: De regelverk och lagar som finns kring hanteringen av schaktmassor ses som det största hindret för återanvändningsmöjligheterna. Svårigheterna att få ekonomisk vinst i återanvändningsprocessen samt långa transporter är också bidragande orsaker. Även de geotekniska egenskaperna på schaktmassornas kan vara problematiskt, dels för att massorna skall klassificeras enligt sin byggbarhet samt att de skall vara jämförbara med jungfruligt material. Konsekvenser: Slutsatserna som dragits utifrån studien är att det krävs ett ökat samarbete inom branschen för att återanvändningen av schaktmassor skall främjas. Tydligare kommunikation behövs samt att planering kring masshanteringen bör ske i ett tidigare skeden i projekten. De regelverk och riktlinjer som finns idag behöver omarbetas för att bli tydligare och möjliggöra för ökad återanvändning. En återanvändningsterminal av storskalig verksamhet som placeras centralt skulle bidra till att återanvändningen av schaktmassor ökar vilket minskar miljöpåverkan och gynnar branschen. Begränsningar: Studien är begränsad och utförd inom Jönköpings län och intervjurespondenterna är valda utefter de verksamheter som verkar inom länet. Arbetets generaliserbarhet begränsar sig till Sverige eftersom att regelverk och tillvägagångssätt gällande hantering av schaktmassor ser olika ut i andra länder. Nyckelord: Utgrävd mark, återanvändning av schaktmassor, återanvändningsterminal, återanvändning av bergmaterial.

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Palamin, Caroline Michele. "Subsídios para elaboração de um plano de gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos da construção civil em cidades de pequeno porte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13042017-152518/.

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A exploração de tecnologias sustentáveis facilitará a adequação dos municípios brasileiros à Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) instituída em 2010 e que deve ser aplicada a todos os municípios brasileiros, sejam de grande, médio ou pequeno porte. Entre os diferentes tipos de resíduos gerados no País e no mundo, os resíduos da construção civil, também conhecidos como RCC, ficam no topo da geração de resíduos sólidos, e os mesmos merecem atenção. Os municípios de pequeno porte ainda sofrem algumas dificuldades de elaboração de de diretrizes e implantação da PNRS. O presente estudo propôs subsídios e alternativas para a criação de um plano de gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos da construção civil para cidades de pequeno porte, e suas vantagens, como forma de minimizar os impactos ambientais gerados por esse resíduo proveniente das diversas atividades da indústria construtiva, e seu efetivo crescimento. Para isto, ainda foi estudado a necessidade e viabilidade da reciclagem dos RCC, pois uma das principais ações incentivadas pela resolução é a reinserção destes resíduos no ciclo produtivo. O trabalho ainda aborda as principais dificuldades e carências que estas municipalidades encontram em seguir e cumprir as leis vigentes para o seu porte. Para isto foi realizado um amplo levantamento bibliográfico que proporcionasse o maior número de alternativas possíveis na criação dos subsídios, e que demonstrasse experiências já enfrentadas por pequenas cidades em se inserir corretamente no que as legislações impõem as mesmas. Foi observado que os municípios de pequeno porte tem dificuldades em elaborar seus planos de gestão no tratamento de resíduos, como falta de recursos para investimentos próprios, e corpo técnico preparado, além de sofrerem uma grande carência de suporte por parte de entidades públicas para se adequarem as leis, e ainda há falta de planejamento adequado das prefeituras em organizarem um plano específico para cuidarem e direcionarem seus RCC, do não conhecimento do assunto por parte da própria população quanto a alternativas de não geração dos mesmos, reuso e disposição correta.
Exploring sustainable technologies will facilitate the adaptation of municipalities to the National Solid Waste Politics (PNRS) established in 2010 and should be applied to all municipalities, whether large, medium or small. Among the different types of waste generated in the country and the world, the construction waste, also known as RCC, are on top of the solid waste generation, and they deserve attention. The small municipalities still suffer some difficulties in the implementation and management of PNRS. This study proposed subsidies and alternatives to the creation of a management plan and management of construction waste to small towns, and its advantages, in order to minimize the environmental impacts generated by this waste from the various activities of the design industry and its actual growth. For this, we have studied the need and feasibility of recycling of RCC, as one of the main actions encouraged by the resolution is the reinsertion of this waste in the production cycle. The work also addresses the main difficulties and shortcomings that these municipalities are to follow and comply with the laws in force for their size. For this we conducted a broad literature that provided the largest number of possible alternatives in the creation of subsidies, and to demonstrate experience already faced by small towns to insert correctly in the laws impose the same. It was observed that the small towns teem difficulties in drawing up their management plans in waste, such as lack of resources for own investments, and prepared staff and suffer a great lack of support by public entities to suit the laws, and there is still a lack of adequate planning of municipalities in organizing a specific plan to care and direct their RCC not a matter of knowledge by the population itself as not generating alternatives thereof, reuse and proper disposal.

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Brevik, Anna, and Elin Bäärnhielm. "Att gräva guld i textilindustrin : förutsättningar för att öka värdet på industriellt textilt restmaterial." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26588.

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Idag förbränns tonvis med textil i Sverige som aldrig har blivit använd. Detta som en effekt av att dagens textilindustri är uppbyggd som en linjär modell där nya råvaror ständigt går in i systemet och avfall lämnar det. Krav ställs nu på nationell nivå i Sverige att textilindustrin måste ställa om och bli cirkulär som en del i att klara klimatmålen. Detta ställer stora krav på svenska företag att hantera det textila restmaterial som uppstår i deras processer på helt nya sätt. För att textilt restmaterial ska kunna bli råvara till en annan produkt behövs nya system och ibland branschöverskridande samarbeten där den enas avfall blir den andres råvara. Denna studie bidrar med insikter om de utmaningar som svenska företag står inför när textila restmaterial ska bli råvara samt hur möjligheter kan tas tillvara genom nätverkande och kunskapsutbyte. Med observationer, en enkät och intervjuer undersöktes textila produktutvecklings- och produktionsföretags behov och hinder för användning av textila restmaterial som råvara. I studien har också de behov av resurser och nätverk företagen har för att kunna öka användandet av textila restströmmar utforskats. Studien visar på att attityden till att samla in textila restströmmar bland producerande företag är positiv och att det finns goda möjligheter för ökad insamling av industriella textila restmaterial med en hög grad av spårbarhet. Den visar också att det för företag som vill använda restmaterial efterlyses möjligheter för effektiv insamling samt bearbetning eller förädling av materialen. Alla delar i värdekedjan behöver ses över och för att möta utmaningen och det finns ett behov av att tänka annorlunda och våga prova nya vägar och samarbeten. Resultatet av denna studie visar på att en plattform för enbart handel av textila restmaterial inte är tillräckligt, företagen behöver också kunna knyta nya kontakter, få se på goda exempel och samverka kring logistiken kring insamling för att uppnå effektivitet.
In today’s textile industry, tons of textiles are incinerated every year without being used once. This because the textile industry today is built like a linear system, in which raw materials enter the system and then leave it in the form of waste. Requirements are now set on a national level in Sweden that requires the textile industry to change its direction and become circular as a part of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This poses massive requirements on Swedish textile companies to handle their textile waste material in their processes in new ways. For textile waste material to become the raw material in a new product, new systems are necessary and sometimes cross-industry collaborations are needed. This study aims to contribute with knowledge about the challenges that Swedish textile companies face when textile waste materials are becoming the raw material in new products, and the opportunities to take advantage of through networking and knowledge sharing. With observations, a survey, and semi structured interviews the challenges and opportunities of Swedish textile product developing companies and textile production companies for collecting and using textile waste material was studied. The study also investigates the need for resources and expanded networks that the companies have, to increase the use of textile waste as a raw material. The study shows that the attitude among the production companies to sort and collect their textile waste is positive and that there are great opportunities for an increased collection of textile industrial waste material with a high level of traceability. The study also shows that for the companies that want to use textile waste material as a raw material in their products, new systems for effective collection and processes for refining the materials are asked for. To meet these requirements all parts of the value chain need to be reconsidered and new ways of thinking needs to be applied to try new collaborations and find new paths. The result of the study shows that a platform for just trading materials is not good enough, the companies are also in need of new contacts, inspiration, and solutions for efficient logistics in sorting, collecting, and distributing materials.

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El-Gomla, Randa A. M. "A plan-do-check-act framework for WEEE and RoHS : a model for implementing WEEE and RoHS by integrating eco-design factors and activities into business operation and strategy." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5432.

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Eco-design is relatively new and fast growing field of research due to its vital importance to the manufacturing industry and its related environmental issues such as reducing waste, and CO2 emission. A major EU programme relating to the environment is the waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive. The (WEEE) directive specifies ten categories and a voltage range which is up to 1.000 volts AC or 1.500volts DC. The developed framework came for the implementation of Eco-design principles that helps to take into account the adaption of the (WEEE) directive and the restriction of hazard substances (RoHS) used in electrical and electronic equipments. As a result of identify gaps and needs such as a lack of a comprehensive Eco-design framework and the need to integrate it to the normal business operation. In this research the PDCA framework for Eco-design and WEEE directive will be discussed. The framework will encompass all of the Eco-design¿s implementation and integration factors and activities such as WEEE and RoHS directives, Eco-design management, Environmental legislations, Eco-design tools and considerations. The literature review covers the topic of Eco-design¿s related issues, and WEEE and RoHS directives rules. Based on comprehensive questionnaire survey of Eco-design, WEEE and RoHS issues and activities among a sample of environmentally aware companies, statistical analysis is carried out using SPSS software. Then the findings of the survey triangulated with the findings of the literature review formed the basis of the design and implementation plan of the proposed framework

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(9780590), Addisalem Benyam. "An interdisciplinary examination of behaviours and policy preferences for domestic food waste reduction: The case of households in Central Queensland, Australia." Thesis, 2019. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/An_interdisciplinary_examination_of_behaviours_and_policy_preferences_for_domestic_food_waste_reduction_The_case_of_households_in_Central_Queensland_Australia/21804510.

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Globally, food waste has become a central issue in the management of municipal solid wastes. The collection and disposal of food waste (FW)is exposing environmental resources (land, water, air) to pollution levels pressure of unprecedented scale. In Australia alone, FW costs the economy close to AU$20 billion annually, and in each household, between $2,200 and $3,800 worth of food is being discarded per year. In the domestic food supply chain, understanding households’ attitudes and their behaviours towards domestic food waste (DFW) is crucial to implement realistic prevention and/or reduction policy options. Identifying communities’ preferred options is also crucial to create meaningful schemes that can motivate people to participate and adopt desirable behavioural changes. Despite these, householders’ non-market values relating to DFW are not adequately investigated and their policy implications are poorly understood. There are currently insufficient empirical data on DFW drivers from interdisciplinary standpoints. New research is therefore required to further the understanding of the conjunction of socioeconomic, environmental, and psychological, and policy preferences that householders have in regards to DFW. Such research would provide clear evidence on which to base policy settings and best-practices; in the absence of this, food waste will continue to be a growing global concern in relation to both economic and environmental sustainability. This research set out to address the identified gaps through a mixed methods approach, applying a case-study design in a regional Australian context. It was aimed at exploring householders’ preferences, willingness to pay for, and motivation to participate in DFW reduction options. The research was focused mainly on point-of-purchase and post-purchase stages of household food-related activities. These stages are essential components of a food supply chain that considerably influence householders’ decisions in food consumption and wastage. The research was conducted in the Rockhampton Regional Council and Livingstone Shire Council local government areas in Central Queensland, Australia. The underlying rationale for this case location is that regional areas face extra pressures on DFW reduction mainly due to the lack of economies of scale and limited access to recycling schemes compared with better-serviced metropolitan areas. In a preliminary exploration, two focus group discussions were conducted with 17 residents, to gain understanding of DFW drivers and preferences relating to prevention and reduction scenarios. Subsequently, an online survey was conducted with 587 residents. The quantitative research data were drawn from three main sub-categories of survey questions—Likert-type behaviours, sociodemographics, and questions relating to non-market valuation of DFW attributes. Factor analyses, multiple regressions, logistic regressions, choice modelling and contingent valuation techniques were used to analyse a range of relationships between response and explanatory variables. The mixed approach to data gathering and analyses was instrumental to reveal complex conceptual constructs in DFW issues that would have been difficult to reveal if only a qualitative or quantitative approach was used. Results from the qualitative analyses revealed a range of trade-offs that influenced the preferences for, and participation in, DFW prevention and diversion options. Overall, the participants appeared to prefer diversion through backyard composting over prevention (e.g. via education to avoid overconsumption and over-purchasing). In the quantitative analyses, a range of significant behavioural and socio-demographic predictor variables were identified. The level of support and value attached to the suggested DFW diversion option significantly varied across the residents surveyed. This indicates that it would be costly for Councils to simultaneously implement several options in an attempt to cater to the householders’ variable preferences. In that regard, the case study suggests that DFW diversion must be considered as one viable option. This would mean implementing avoidance as a non-optional measure, prompting the need to practice behavioural changes. Overall, this research offers novel contributions to the DFW literature in terms of its interdisciplinary approach and key findings that inform conceptual advances and practical applications for future studies. The focus of the study on a regional context highlights the relevance of acknowledging regional community preferences, perspectives, and challenges relating to DFW. The research also provides policy-makers with exploratory and explanatory insights into understanding behaviours that can underpin and/or inform practical policy interventions, especially those that will be valuable at local government levels in Australia and elsewhere.

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Maluleke, Prudence Hlamarisa. "A review of solid waste management practices in Polokwane City." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13385.

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Bibliographical refernces appear at the end of each chapter
This study reviews solid waste management practices in Polokwane City. The study area covered some of the residential areas in Polokwane City; namely; Ivy Park, Fauna Park, Welgelegen, Westernburg and the City Centre. This article describes two main methods that were used to collect data; that is Qualitative and Quantitative method. Field survey was also made to validate data obtained from the participants that were interviewed during qualitative data process. After framing the problem, the objectives of Solid Waste Management Practices in Polokwane City were briefly outlined as follows: • Assess solid waste management practices in Polokwane City. • Make comparison on how households and the municipality take responsibility in storing, collecting, transporting, treating and disposing solid waste. • Investigate what problems the City encounters in managing solid waste. • Make relevant recommendations aimed at improving solid waste management practices within the City. The service management was administered by the municipality and private sector. From the five study residential areas, the Municipality manages waste in the City Centre while the private sector manages waste in the other residential areas. However, the City continues to play an administrative role over the contracted service provider. Statistical results were presented in figures and tables. The results showed the storage habits, frequency of collection, mode of transport and methods of disposal for solid waste in Polokwane City. The only method of disposal in the city was found to be landfilling. Activities that took place at the landfill site, such as reclaiming were outlined together with the economic values that these activities add to the City. The study also revealed that as population increases, the amount of solid waste generated also increased.
Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

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Mahamba, Caston. "Characterisation and management of non-formal solid waste management disposal sites in Harare, Zimbabwe." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19863.

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Text in English
The study focused on the characterisation and management of non-formal solid waste disposal sites in Harare, the capital city of the Republic of Zimbabwe. In many developing countries, increasing urbanisation surpasses the development of urban infrastructure and this has led to the proliferation of informal settlements, illegal dumping sites and uncontrolled vending in cities like Harare. The researcher investigated the prevalence of non-formal dumping sites in Harare, including the composition, locational attributes and internal linkages of solid waste. Practices regarding the management of non-formal solid waste disposal sites were examined and areas of good practice and conformity to international standards were complemented while recommendations and suggestions were made on areas that were found wanting. An integrated management system was recommended for the sustainable management of solid waste. To support this recommendation, management window of responsibilities (EMWR) model was created so that the Harare City Council can enhance stakeholder participation. The research results show that most residents used non-conventional ways to store waste, like mealie-meal bags and sacks, and this posed a danger to human health. It also emerged that the city of Harare has not updated some of its by-laws, some of which were enacted about 33 years ago while others remained drafts for decades. This made it difficult for the city to effectively implement them.
Environmental Sciences
M.Sc. (Environmental Management)

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(11888357), Robert Kijak. "Integration of life cycle assessment with environmental, social and economic impact analysis methodologies for the selection of `sustainable' waste management options." Thesis, 2004. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Integration_of_life_cycle_assessment_with_environmental_social_and_economic_impact_analysis_methodologies_for_the_selection_of_sustainable_waste_management_options/21722426.

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This thesis describes a framework for a decision support tool which can assist the assessment of options/scenarios for the integrated management of municipal solid waste (MSW) within a local government area (LGA). The framework is applicable to MSW as a whole or to a MSW component. To demonstrate its application, the framework was applied in this thesis to the residential organic waste component including sewage sludge.

The work was initially focused on local government (i.e. municipal councils) in the state of Queensland (Australia). However, it is broadly applicable to LGAs anywhere in the developed countries. The goal was to achieve waste management practices which address needs of sustainable society (or briefly: 'sustainable' waste management) by balancing global and regional environmental impacts; social impacts at the local community level; and economic impacts. The framework integrates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with other environmental, social and economic tools. For this research, social and economic impacts were assumed to be similar across developed countries of the world. LCA was 'streamlined' to address the researcher's concerns about LCA complexity impeding a practical and operational application of LCA to the evaluation of integrated waste management practices.

For this process, 'spatial resolution' was introduced into the LCA process to account for impacts occurring at the local and regional levels - considerations usually neglected by conventional LCA. This was done by considering social impacts on the local community and by use of a regional scaling procedure for LCA data for emissions to the environment which may have impacts at the regional level.

The integration followed the structured approach of the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model suggested by OECD (1993). This PSR model was modified/extended to encompass non-environmental issues and to guide the process of applying multiple tools. For this process, a clear relationship between 'pressure', 'state' and 'response' at the community, regional and global levels was required.

The framework primarily focussed on decision analysis and interpretation processes. Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) was used to assist with the integration of qualitative and quantitative information. MAUT provides a well-structured approach to information assessment and facilitates objective, transparent decisions. The commercially available decision analysis software package Criterion DecisionPlus 3.0 developed by InfoHarvest Inc (1999) - based on MAUT - was also utilised as the platform for the framework developed in this research.

Finally, this thesis describes a case study involving the evaluation of a number of options for integrated organic waste management for a rural LGA in Southeast Queensland. Although refining and testing of the framework was the primary objective of its application to the case study, the case study also provided valuable and interesting results. The results are of use in the development of alternative strategies for managing residential organic wastes. This is specifically important because the integrated management of all organic wastes (including food wastes) has been neglected over many years and most municipal councils are now having to make difficult decisions about alternatives to landfill disposal.

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Pholose, Annah Motshwane. "An evaluation of solid waste management practice at Carnival City, Brakpan." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26150.

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Waste management is a global concern and landfill sites are facing a crisis of handling capacity. This is worsened by the fact that many consider landfilling as an environmentally responsible and cost-effective solution to waste disposal. Carnival City generates vast quantities of solid waste on a daily basis and most of it ends at the landfill, which it acknowledges that it’s a wastage of recoverable resources, hence its commitment of “zero-waste-to-landfills by 2022”. This study evaluated solid waste management practices at Carnival City Casino in Brakpan. Informed by an interpretive paradigm, qualitative methods including interviews, observations, photographs and document reviews were used to collect data. Based on abductive reasoning, the waste management hierarchy and the ISO 14001 standard were used as frameworks for recontextualising and presenting the collected data. The waste hierarchy sets out the preferred order of waste management practices, from the most favoured to the least preferred option. The effectiveness of current waste management practices is limited as Carnival City heavily depends on landfilling and implement waste minimisation, reuse, recycling and recovery on a small scale. Absence of a waste separation at source policy limits recycling activities significantly. The researcher noted the presence of some areas of conformity to South African legislation pertaining to waste management, international standards and Carnival City’s standard operating procedures, and some areas of good practice. The study showed that there is room for improving concerning Carnival City’s current waste management practices. It recommends that waste management training and awareness be undertaken on a continuous basis to improve current practices and ensure that more waste is diverted from landfill sites. Investment into waste to energy technologies should be considered to help Carnival City to meet Sun International’s commitment of “zero-waste-to-landfills by 2022”. Recycling must be maximised and its environmental and financial benefits be highlighted. The research recommends developing of a separation at source policy and its enforcement by the Environmental Committee as the absence of the documented procedures results in deviations from environmental objectives. Offenders who do not follow procedures should be duly punished. It also recommends that a disciplinary action and a fine be introduced for kitchens that will deviate from the policy.
Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

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(12971107), Ilsa Montague. "Education, compliance activities, and the introduction of a domestic waste user pays system: Integrated impacts on illegal dumping and recycling activities in the Mackay City Council municipality." Thesis, 2009. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Education_compliance_activities_and_the_introduction_of_a_domestic_waste_user_pays_system_Integrated_impacts_on_illegal_dumping_and_recycling_activities_in_the_Mackay_City_Council_municipality/20174705.

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Mackay City Council introduced a Domestic Waste User Pays System in late 2006. The rationale behind this decision was to reduce waste being sent to landfill and to recover some of the costs associated with waste management. A User Pays System involves the costs associated with the management of waste being borne by those persons who generated the waste.

Community opposition to the introduction of Domestic Waste Fees included perceptions that illegal dumping would increase within the municipality, that there would be a rise in recycling contamination, and that residents would be unfairly impacted upon socially and environmentally. This research project attempts to identify any impacts on illegal dumping and recycling activities following the introduction of a Domestic Waste User Pays System at Mackay City Council Waste Disposal Facilities. It also discusses the effectiveness of associated Waste Education Programs and Environmental Compliance Activities, to determine whether the initial community opposition to the fees was in fact justified.

In order to investigate the issues further, a large quantity of data were collected, including Council illegal dumping complaints data, recycling volumes data, recycling contamination data, and a large amount of literature and reports relating to the issues in general, and more specifically relating to the Mackay City Council Integrated Waste Management Strategy.

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King, Megan Frances. "Evaluating the contribution of cooperative sector recycling to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions: an opportunity for recycling cooperatives in São Paulo to engage in the carbon credit market." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3926.

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Greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced through recovery and recycling of resources from the municipal solid waste stream. In São Paulo, Brazil, recycling cooperatives play a crucial role in providing recycling services including collection, separation, cleaning, stocking and collective sale of recyclable resources. The present research attempts to measure the greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by the Cooperpires recycling cooperative, as well as highlight its socio-economic benefits. Methods include participant observation, structured interview, a questionnaire, and greenhouse gas accounting of recycling using a Clean Development Mechanism methodology. The results afford an exploration of the opportunity for Cooperpires and other similar recycling cooperatives to participate in the carbon credit market.
Graduate

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Maphaha, Matodzi Hellen. "Environmental education through sustainable school food waste management in the Vhembe District, Limpopo." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27264.

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This qualitative case study focuses on identifying factors that could either enable or constrain sustainable food waste management as a form of environmental education (EE) in the participating schools. The study was motivated by the observation that the National School Nutrition Program (NSNP) that was introduced by the Department of Basic Education to support learners from disadvantaged backgrounds with nutritious food was causing pollution in some schools due to inadequate discarding of food leftovers. The purpose of the study was to develop recommendations towards a sustainable means of managing this food waste in the schools. As an Agricultural Science educator, I wanted to explore the possibilities of enhancing environmental education in schools through sustainable food waste management. While research has been conducted about food waste management and how this is an environmental concern, little has been written about it as it relates to environmental education and sustainability in schools. Hence, this study sought to contribute knowledge to this gap. To achieve this aim, this study followed a descriptive case study design, framed by the value-belief-norm (VBN) theory. Three schools in Vhembe district, Limpopo, were conveniently selected, and the NSNP food coordinator of each selected school, one food handler, two learners, two educators and two SGB members from each sampled school were purposively sampled to get rich information from them about sustainable school food waste management. Data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and observations. The findings indicate the various ways in which food waste could be managed in these schools, such as recycling through composting, reusing by community farmers, and reducing the amount of possible food waste. The study also found environmental education to be a key element in which the schools could invest to sustainably and effectively manage food waste.
Educational Studies
M. Ed. (Environmental Education)

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Badenhorst, Amanda. "A best practice framework in reverse logistics." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10004.

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Reverse logistics is an important process that is often misunderstood. Reverse logistics can cause considerable cost, but provide numerous opportunities. Many organisations do not understand the correct processes and procedures to follow and how to manage reverse logistics efficiently. The focus of this study was on best practices in reverse logistics. A best practice framework was developed to help organisations overcome problems and manage their reverse logistics more efficiently. This study adopted a mixed method research approach with both qualitative and quantitative elements. A comprehensive literature study was conducted to develop a conceptual best practice framework in reverse logistics and a survey was conducted to seek inputs from industry in South Africa to refine the framework into a workable instrument in practice. The study concluded that the best practices identified in literature have proven to be important in practice, and applying such practices will enable organisations to manage their reverse logistics more efficiently.
Business Management
M. Com. (Logistics)

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(9776714), Md Hazrat Ali. "Waste plastics as fuel additives: Study of solubility in biodiesel and performance of plastic-biodiesel-diesel blends in a diesel engine." Thesis, 2020. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Waste_plastics_as_fuel_additives_Study_of_solubility_in_biodiesel_and_performance_of_plastic-biodiesel-diesel_blends_in_a_diesel_engine/16850755.

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This study investigated the suitability of using waste plastics as an additive in biodiesel through assessing the performance, emissions and combustion characterises of a diesel engine. Firstly, the waste plastics were dissolved into different biodiesels. Then, the dissolved solution was mixed with standard diesel to make diesel-biodiesel-plastic blends. These plastic blends were then tested in a 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, diesel engine. These analyses indicated that waste plastics can potentially be used as fuel additives along with the diesel-biodiesel blends in diesel engines. There exists little research in this field, so the comprehensive study reported in this thesis is important and significant. The novelty of this work lies in identifying the biodegradable solvents that can properly dissolve waste plastics and demonstrate the beneficial effects of plastics in reducing harmful gas emissions and improving engine performance.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling'

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