Academic literature on the topic 'Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling'
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Journal articles on the topic "Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling"
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Abeliotis, Konstadinos, and Katia Lasaridi. "Food Waste Prevention: Reduction, Reuse, and Recycling." Resources 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources12010003.
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Bunditsakulchai, Pongsun, and Chen Liu. "Integrated Strategies for Household Food Waste Reduction in Bangkok." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 7651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147651.
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Urban food waste issues in developing economies have recently attracted the attention of policymakers, practitioners, and academics in the course of implementing the Paris Agreement and the SDGs. In our case study city of Bangkok, Thailand, household food waste generation doubled from 2003 to 2018, with a similar increase in per capita amounts. Using an extensive literature review, statistical models, and a questionnaire survey, the authors clarified factors influencing food waste generation and separation before disposal, and reuse/recycling activity in urban households. Results showed that pre-purchase checks can not only prevent food waste but can also increase the reuse/recycling of food waste. Citizens with higher levels of education and those showing more concern about social issues and global warming are more likely to separate food waste before disposal and to participate in reuse/recycling activities. Finally, this paper proposes a seven-stage action-based model of integrated strategies for improving household food and food waste management to prevent/reduce food waste generation as well as remedy existing policy gaps in Bangkok.
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Dawood, Lamyaa Mohammed, and Zuher Hassan Abdullah. "Employing 3R Techniques in Managing Cement Industry Waste." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jub.v26i2.375.
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Waste management conserves human health, ownership, environment, and keeps valuable natural resources. Lean-green waste of an organization’s operations can be decreased through implementation 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycling) techniques by reduction of manufacturing system wastes. This research aims to integrate lean-green waste of the manufacturing system throughout employing 3R techniques and weighted properties method in order to manage waste. Al-Kufa cement plant is employed as a case study. Results are generated using Edraw Max Version 7 and Excel. Overall results show reduce technique of lean-green waste management has major contribution of 55 % and recycling technique has minor contribution 18 %. Defects waste has major integration of lean-green waste, while air emissions waste has minor integration of lean-green waste.
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Mohammed, Musa, Nasir Shafiq, Ali Elmansoury, Al-Baraa Abdulrahman Al-Mekhlafi, Ehab Farouk Rached, Noor Amila Zawawi, Abdulrahman Haruna, Aminu Darda’u Rafindadi, and Muhammad Bello Ibrahim. "Modeling of 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) for Sustainable Construction Waste Reduction: A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2021): 10660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910660.
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There is a lack of awareness and knowledge among the Malaysian construction industry about waste management reduction. Numerous nations worldwide have understood and have incorporated the concept of the 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) in waste management, and it has worked out well. This study investigated construction waste issues and developed a model for sustainable reduction by applying 3R using a partial least squares structural equation modeling PLS-SEM in Malaysia. The research methodology adopted the quantitative and qualitative approaches by sending a survey questionnaire to the relevant stakeholders to obtain their views or perceptions and interviewing an expert in the related field about waste reduction in the Malaysian construction industry. Three hundred thirty questionnaires were collected within six months of submission. The significant factors are determined using mean ranking for the reduce, reuse and recycle elements. Based on the results, the exploratory power of the study model is considered sustainable with R2 values of 0.83%. At the same time, the results of relationships between improving factors, policy-related factors, construction waste generated, and sustainable construction waste reduction were significant. Also, the findings revealed that the top factors for waste generation on reducing, reusing, and recycling are lack of design and documentation, and lack of guidance for effective construction waste-collecting. The paper will explore different and dynamic practices, such as recycling, reuse of construction waste management cost reduction, enabling stakeholders and managers to estimate and quantify the actual size of CWM costs and benefits for sustainable development goals.
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Idris, Idris, Dewi Zaini Putri, Zul Azhar, Joan Martha, and Isra Yeni. "Willingness to participate analysis of urban waste management in West Sumatra, Indonesia." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v9i2.12119.
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Waste management shares the same purposes with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target in 2030. This program encourages all countries to substantially reduce waste through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse its waste so that the sustainability of development can be achieved. The success rate of sustainable waste management is largely determined by the participation and behavior of people, households, and citizens in managing their waste. This study analyzes socio-economic factors and the role of social capital in affecting households' willingness to participate in waste management in West Sumatra’s urban areas. This study used National Socio-Economic Survey data in the Social Resilience module. The sample in this study is 1011 households spread across the urban areas of West Sumatra. Using logistic regression, this study found that per capita household expenditure, homeownership status, knowledge, and household involvement in mutual cooperation activities to clean up their environment significantly affect the probability of households participating in urban waste management. The relevant policy, such as implementing the 3R concept, namely reduce, reuse, and recycling is needed for the Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved.
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Artha, I. Putu Sudana Satria, Nyoman Utari Vipriyanti, and I. Putu Sujana. "Community Based 3R Waste Management Strategy (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Bantas Village, Selemadeg Timur District, Tabanan Regency." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 9, no. 09 (September 10, 2018): 21041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/09/593.
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Garbage can be interpreted as a consequence of the activities of human life. It is undeniable, garbage will always be there as long as life activities continue to run. Every year, it can be ascertained that the volume of waste will always increase along with the increasing pattern of public consumerism. The landfill which is increasingly polluting the environment requires a technique and management to manage waste into something useful and of economic value, Bantas Village, Selemadeg Timur District, Tabanan Regency currently has a Waste Management Site (TPS3R) managed by Non-Governmental Organizations (KSM ) The source of waste comes from Households, Stalls, Restaurant Entrepreneurs, Schools, Offices and Ceremonies which are organic and inorganic waste. The waste management system at Bantas Lestari TPS with 3R system is Reduce (reduction of waste products starts from the source), Reuse (reuse for waste that can be reused) and Recycle (recycling waste) to date it is still running but not optimal. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative with data analysis using SWOT analysis. This study produces a Waste Management Strategy which is the result of research from the management aspect, aspects of human resources and aspects of infrastructure facilities.
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Abila, Beatrice, and Jussi Kantola. "The Perceived Role of Financial Incentives in Promoting Waste Recycling—Empirical Evidence from Finland." Recycling 4, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4010004.
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Placing emphasis on promoting the reduction, reuse, recycling, recovery and repair of waste has been a critical aspect of the sustainable waste management agenda. Considering recycling, an environmentally friendly and sustainable waste management option, monetary rewards are in place for certain recyclable municipal waste materials in Finland. The study investigates consumers’ perception about the role of financial incentives in effecting the recycling of municipal solid waste materials in Finland. The study also considers drivers for recycling municipal solid waste on the basis of behavioural change factors, such as environmental risk, behavioural economics, resource value, economic benefit, convenience, knowledge, legislation and belief. It further determines the association between income-earning consumers and non-income-earning consumers in their perception of financial incentives for recycling. The empirical results from the study confirm that the role of financial incentive is important in accelerating the recycling of municipal solid waste. A weak-to-positive relationship exists between drivers for recycling municipal solid waste and recycling behaviour. There exists no statistically significant difference in the means of the perceived role of financial incentives for recycling in the two groups. The introduction of financial incentives for other recyclable wastes is required in order to boost consumers’ participation in the recycling of municipal solid waste. The need to pay more attention to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, as they affect the participation members of the society in the recycling of municipal solid waste, is paramount. This has become necessary in ensuring sustainable waste management in Finland.
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Tsai, Wen-Tien. "Analysis of plastic waste reduction and recycling in Taiwan." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 39, no. 5 (March 21, 2021): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x21996821.
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With the mass production and consumption of single-use plastics and other plastic products, plastic waste management and its resulting microplastic pollution have become the most noteworthy environmental issues. The main objectives of this paper were to review the regulatory measures for plastic waste reduction and recycling, analyse the trend changes on the recycled amounts of regulated plastic containers and also address the discussions on the impacts of COVID-19 on the expected increase in plastic waste. In the past two decades, the central competent authority (i.e. Environmental Protection Administration (EPA)) in Taiwan has promulgated some regulations governing plastic waste reduction and recycling, especially plastic containers. Based on the official statistics, it showed that total certified amounts of regulated plastic containers have increased from 45,552 tonnes in 1998 to 194,133 tonnes in 2019. This shift was in line with circular economy policies by the Zero Waste Program and Resource Recycling and Reuse Plan launched by the Taiwan EPA during this period. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic will impact on the regulatory policies for plastic waste management because the excess use of regulated plastic products will be temporarily permitted due to the epidemic prevention and control measures. Although the increased proportion of plastic waste in municipal solid waste (MSW) will be beneficial for the energy efficiencies of waste-to-power systems in MSW incineration plants, the recycling and reduction rates of regulated plastic containers or products could decline during the COVID-19 breakout.
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Carpus, Eftalea, Angela Dorogan, and Cristina Stroe. "Textile packaging waste in the context of implementing the concept of circular economy." Industria Textila 71, no. 05 (October 30, 2020): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.05.1836.
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At European level, there are concrete measures regarding waste management in the circular economy, and these refer to: mandatory recycling rates for different categories of waste: plastics, glass, metals, paper and cardboard as well as biodegradable waste; the obligation to redesign the products in order to increase the proportion of raw materials resulting from recycling and to increase the degree of recycling of products, in order to consider them as secondary raw materials; promoting and stimulating the reuse of products; increasing the recycling rate of municipal waste by 2030 to a minimum of 65%; increasing the recycling rate of packaging waste by 2030 to a minimum of 75%; reduction of food wastage and implicitly of the resulted food waste by 50% by 2030. The large amount of packaging waste determined the taking of legislative measures that defined the obligations of pack- aging producers/distributors, recycling objectives and the waste management hierarchy. New targets for the recycling of packaging waste predict a growth to 65% in 2025 and 70% in 2030 [1]. Textile packaging waste is an important link in the integrated management of waste whose recovery contributes to the conservation and improvement of natural capital.
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Et al., Chainarong Khaw-ngern. "Zero Waste Management through Mindful Consumption for Sustainable Waste Solution." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 1387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.918.
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Due to the population growth, economic expansion, and urbanization, waste becomes a critical problem of societies. Zero waste policies are a great and important way in which local businesses take an interest to preserve our environment. Going zero-waste, however, is a hard and intense process because there are many challenges and hindrances along the path. This article provides an overview of the guiding principles to solid waste management and to look at zero waste management in Japan, Singapore, and Thailand. It also suggests mindful consumption as tool for zero waste management towards sustainability. Documentary study and literature review were used for data collection. The result shows that zero waste management needs to be developed step-by-step and it needs involvement of all stakeholders. It can bring economic and environmental benefits to the countries, but it leads to more financial cost of implementation and operation. Mindful consumption, based on Buddhism principle of right mindfulness, is considered a helpful and practical way for everyone to help their communities reduce waste through moderate consumption. With mindfulness, individuals care not only for their own wellbeing, but for others, communities, and environment. They will participate in source separation, reuse, and recycling programs as they realize that conserving environment and reducing the use of natural resource over the life cycle of the service and products can lead their lives more sustainable. The right understanding in the cause and effect of waste can lead people to engage in waste reduction, reuse, and recycling and move towards sustainable waste solution.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling"
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Saaiman, Lizelle. "Improving waste management within selected South African municipalities." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1014736.
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The essentiality for waste reduction in society is prompted by the depletion of natural resources. Internationally, five waste management strategies have been identified, namely reduction of waste (waste prevention), re-use of waste, recycling of waste, recovery of energy and disposal to landfill. In Polokwane Declaration of September 2001, South Africa’s Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism committed itself to achieve a 50 percent reduction in the volume of waste generated by 2012 and to be landfilled and have a zero waste plan implemented by 2022. Through the National Waste Management Act, No. 59 of 2008, the South African government also committed itself to provide protection of health, well-being and the environment through measures to avoid and minimise the generation of waste. Even though several policies and legislative documents are available that address waste minimisation and recycling, individual community members are however still reluctant to participate in these activities. This study therefore investigated the current levels of understanding, education and commitment to recycling and waste minimisation in a selected South African community. The target respondents of the study were members of a local church who are representative of the various peoples that reside in the communities serviced by the selected municipality. A convenience sample of 70 participants from that church was selected to complete the questionnaires. Seventy (70) questionnaires were distributed, and all 70 questionnaires were returned. Interviews were also conducted with two managers from the Waste Management Department of the selected municipality. The data analyses conducted, included descriptive statistics and content analysis of the interview transcripts. The empirical results revealed among others that: (1) recycling removal service is limited to pre-selected recyclables; (2) the municipality contributes to local entrepreneurial opportunities; (3) public participation is a pre-requisite in the success of the programmes; (4) participation is determined by convenience; (5) enforcement of legislation assists with compliance; (6) environmental sustainability is supported by environmental concerned consumers; (7) mismatch of opinions around separation at source of generation and (8) continuous education is instrumental in waste management. The main recommendations of the study include: (1) municipalities need to provide exciting and innovative recycling and waste minimisation programmes, continuously; (2) positive attitude and behaviour of all the stakeholders determines the success of waste minimisation and recycling; and (3) society, industry and government need to join forces in ensuring success in waste management. By implementing these recommendations, stakeholders in this field of interest will go a long way in improving waste management in South Africa communities.
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Lai, Kit-ying. "Campaigns for promoting waste reduction, reuse and recycling case studies in Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42555814.
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Lai, Kit-ying, and 賴潔瑩. "Campaigns for promoting waste reduction, reuse and recycling: case studies in Japan, Singapore and HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42555814.
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Polu, Sai Kusuma. "Food waste management and nutrient recycling." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
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Food waste has become a major concern around the world in recent years. Food waste is on the rise as the world's population grows. Despite the fact that various efforts have been made to reduce food waste, they have not been totally successful. Food waste is not only a loss for humanity, but it is also a loss for the environment, society, and economy. The majority of countries are attempting to manage, recycle, and repurpose food waste. A brief summary of waste reduction in agricultural methods, food processing, manufacturing, and retail distribution is provided in this context. Food waste generated at market centres, food services such as hotels and restaurants, and households, on the other hand, will be discussed.
This research issue is mostly focused on nutrient recycling and tries to explore how to minimize, reuse, and recycle food waste as well as promote sustainable food waste management. Anaerobic Digestion is a promising solution for food waste management when compared to typical disposal methods such as landfilling, incineration, and composting. Anaerobic digestion is one of the most environmentally friendly and effective methods for food waste management and nutrient synthesis. Climate change mitigation, economic benefits, and landfill diversion are all advantages of anaerobic digestion of food waste.
Biogas is the end product of anaerobic digestion. Biogas is a renewable energy source that can also be converted into biofertilizer. Carbohydrates account for 11.8-74 percent of biogas. The biogas yield for mono-digestion of food waste was 0.27-0.642m3 CH4/kg, and 0.272-0.859m3 CH4/kg for co-digestion of food waste. Because of its biodegradability and high water content, food waste is a substrate that can be handled by anaerobic digestion. As a renewable energy source, anaerobic digestion may be a preferable option. The by-product biogas, which includes 50-60% methane, can be used to generate energy and the final digested sludge can be used as fertilizer.
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Mazhar, Muhammad Ilyas Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Lifetime monitoring of appliances for reuse." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25963.
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Environmental awareness and legislative pressures have made manufacturers responsible for the take-back and end-of-life treatment of their products. Therefore, manufacturers are struggling to find ways to recover maximum value from returned products. This goal can best be achieved by promoting multiple reuse programs as reuse is one of the most effective ways to enhance a sustainable engineering economy. Since the essential goal of the reuse strategy is to reuse parts, the reliability of used parts becomes a core issue. Research indicates that reuse is technologically feasible, associated with a significant manufacturing cost saving, and it does not compromise product quality. However, it is not easy to be applied in reality. There are several uncertainties associated with reuse, the most common is the uncertainty of the product???s quality after use. A widespread implementation of the reuse strategy could be triggered, subject to the availability of reliable methods to assess the useful remaining life of parts. The evolution of such a methodology would play a pivotal role in making decisions on the supply chain process and the recovery value of returned products. Reliability assessment by life cycle data analysis is the basis of this research. The proposed methodology addresses the problem of reliability assessment of used parts by considering two important aspects. It performs statistical as well as condition monitoring data analysis for decision-making on reuse. The analysis is carried out in two stages. Firstly, a wellknown reliability assessment procedure, the Weibull analysis, is applied to analyse time-tofailure data to assess the overall reuse potential of components. In the second stage, the used capacity (actual life) of components is determined by analysing their operating history (condition monitoring data). The linear and nonlinear regression analysis, Kriging procedures and artificial neural networks (ANN) are employed in this stage. Finally, the Weibull analysis and ANNs are integrated to estimate the remaining useful life of components/assemblies of a product at the end of its first life cycle. The model was validated by using life cycle data from consumer products.
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Almeida, Jorge Alexandre Sales. "Plano de prevenção e gestão de residuos de construção e demolição. Uma análise crítica." Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3348.
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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe construction sector consumes an elevated amount of natural resources and produces large quantities of residues. In Portugal, this situation is aggravated due to low rates of reuse and recycling and resort to landfill sites. The main goal of the present work it was analysed the structure of a plan of prevention and management of construction and demolition residues (PPGRCD, acronym for Planos de Prevenção e Gestão de Resíduos de Construção e Demolição), and it has been evaluated the interest of its application in a construction site, that is to say, a critical analysis has been made to its implementation methodology in a actual construction site. It has been verified a production of over three times more construction and demolition residues than what was foreseen in the project phase. The inexistence of a general practice calculation methodology that can be considered warrantable is one of the factors of this discrepancy. The PPGRCD is a useful tool, because it promotes the performance of good habits in construction and demolition residues management. During its elaboration and implementation it is necessary the involvement of an experienced work group in this area. This residues management instrument could become even more useful if it was associated to a producer penalty in case of no fulfilment of the valorisation rates expected in the project phase.
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Oyenuga, Abioye. "Economic and environmental impact assessment of construction and demolition waste recycling and reuse using LCA and MCDA management tools." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2016. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1810/.
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Reuse and recycling of waste from construction and demolition (C&D) is problematic because the markets for secondary materials have not yet been fully integrated. Decisions regarding the reuse and recycling of building waste materials, however, are beneficial economically to the construction industry, in addition to having environmental and social responsibility outcomes. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the economic and environmental benefits of recycling and reuse of C&D waste. It explores how impact categories such as economic and environmental impact can be used to develop a decision-support framework for recycling and reusing building waste. Two case studies of real-life Demolition and New Build projects are selected to demonstrate how waste inventory data can be collected and adopted to support the decision-making process. A thorough review of the available literature revealed a holistic view of C&D waste management and its related economic and environmental impacts. The literature review helped establish a direction for what is needed to develop a decision-support framework. Two management tools (LCA and MCDA) were identified as possible tools needed to complete the decision-support framework. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) (an aspect of MCDA) were adopted to construct the framework, which was to be applied to the case study’s waste management system. The combination of these two management tools enables the full development of a framework that can measure both the economic and environmental impact of the current waste management system, as well as act as a tool for supporting decisions regarding different policy alternatives. Thus, the framework was applied to the Demolition and New Build case studies, and later validated for consistency. The framework delivered a set of positive results that could be useful for those making decisions on policy alternatives. Both the decision making process and waste management policy were selected and facilitated by the new framework. Decision makers' preferences on policy alternatives were ranked as final outcomes, and favoured reducing, recycling and reusing opportunities in C&D waste management. The result depicts an approach that, compared to current waste management practices, demonstrates a strong acceptability in terms of the environment and cost-effectiveness. Thus, the key findings discussed here provide an interesting foundation for future research, which will focus more on other impacts, such as the social and policy impacts of recycling and reusing C&D waste.
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Barbosa, Martina. "Minimização de residuo solido domestico na Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UNICAMP." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258158.
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Orientador: Egle Novaes TeixeiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Um dos grandes desafios da humanidade é como dispor a enorme quantidade de resíduo gerada diariamente. Se há algumas décadas este assunto era desprezado, hoje é um dos principais problemas a ser resolvido, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos. No Brasil, observa-se a procura por suas soluções. Neste sentido, a minimização do resíduo, por meio de ações que visem à redução na fonte, à reutilização e à reciclagem de material desponta como uma das principais opções para a composição de uma solução. Neste trabalho, buscou-se implantar um Programa de Minimização de Resíduo Sólido Doméstico na Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UNICAMP. Assim, foram realizadas caracterizações do resíduo gerado, anterior e posterior à implantação do programa. Nas caracterizações foram identificados a composição do resíduo gerado na FEC, o potencial de minimização deste resíduo e a eficiência do programa de coleta seletiva, já existente. Após a implantação Programa de Minimização, este foi avaliado para proposição de medidas de otimização. Concluiu-se que, quanto à composição, o resíduo gerado na FEC é composto principalmente por ¿papel¿ (dentre todos os tipos analisados, destaca-se a geração de papel toalha); ¿varrição¿ e ¿patogênico¿. Na avaliação do potencial de minimização, concluiu-se que, para todos cenários analisados, o resíduo sólido gerado na FEC apresentou considerável potencial de minimização. Em relação ao programa de minimização, observou-se que, apesar da recente implantação, apresentou resultados efetivos, reais e práticos, principalmente em relação à redução na geração de resíduos passíveis de redução na fonte e de reutilização. Quanto à eficiência da coleta seletiva, identificou-se que esta teve os índices de erro de descarte reduzidos, o que possibilitou uma melhora no material que vai para o programa de reciclagem. Desta forma, espera-se que este programa possa ser utilizado como metodologia proposta para que as demais unidades de ensino da UNICAMP, através do Grupo de Gestão de Resíduos da UNICAMP ou da Câmara de Trabalho de Resíduos Domésticos (atualmente a sua implantação está em estudo), possam, também, passar a minimizar seu resíduo
Abstract: Currently, one of the greatest challenges of humanity is what to do with the huge quantity of solid waste generated daily. If it was not an appreciated subject, nowadays, it figures as one of the main issues to be solved, mainly in big cities. In Brazil, there is a search for a solution for the waste¿s issue. Then, the solid waste minimization, composed by reduction, reuse and recycling, is one of the main options to compose a solution. In this work, the goal was to establish a program of domestic waste minimization of the Faculdade de Engenharia Civil Arquitetura e Urbanismo (FEC) at UNICAMP. So, several analyses of the waste generated in the School were made, before and after the program¿s implementation. During these analyses there were identified the composition of the waste generated at FEC, the minimization potential and the efficiency of the waste segregation program, already in place. After the introduction of the Minimization Program, it was evaluated in order to create optimization solutions. It was concluded, regarding waste composition, that the waste generated at FEC is basically composed by ¿paper¿ (among all different types found, distinguish the paper towel generation); ¿sweep¿ and ¿pathogenic¿. In the minimization potential evaluation, the conclusion was that, among all different analyzed scenarios, the waste generated at FEC presented a considerable minimization potential. With relation to the minimization program, it was observed that, besides the reduced amount of time after the implementation, it achieved good results, mainly regarding the generation reduction of waste likely to be reduced in source and to be reused. Concerning the efficiency of the waste segregation program, it was possible to identify that its error rates were reduced, enabling improvements in the waste material destined to the recycling program. In this way, it is expected that this program could be used as a proposed methodology to the remaining education units at UNICAMP be able to reduce their waste, through the Waste Management Group da UNICAMP, already in place, or the Domestic Waste Group Work, which implantation is being studied.
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Bojor, Olire Innocent. "Evaluation of an alternative organic waste disposal system in Chevron-Escravos : a case study / O.I. Bojor." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2586.
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MONTEIRO, NETO Fernando Gomes. "Estudo da desoneração dos serviços de limpeza urbana e destinação final dos resíduos sólidos da Cidade do Recife-PE." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18543.
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CTG - MSc Fernando Gomes Monteiro Neto.pdf: 5042137 bytes, checksum: 78045360c7b9017ae031937ad33997f6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T13:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) CTG - MSc Fernando Gomes Monteiro Neto.pdf: 5042137 bytes, checksum: 78045360c7b9017ae031937ad33997f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29
Estima-se que 1,3 bilhão de toneladas de resíduos sólidos urbanos são gerados na Terra por ano. Em 2025, com o planeta habitado por cerca de oito bilhões de pessoas, dos quais cinco bilhões estarão concentrados em áreas urbanas, a quantidade de resíduos gerados possam se duplicar. Entre os anos de 2013 e 2014, o Brasil apresentou um aumento de 2,88% na geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos diárias, número alarmante, já que as áreas para destinação final desses resíduos estão se tornando cada vez mais escassas. A cidade do Recife-PE tem o contrato de Limpeza Urbana e Destinação Final dos resíduos sólidos como um dos mais onerosos. Por ser uma cidade em crescimento e de grande porte, os moradores do Recife geram grande quantidade de resíduos, da qual apenas uma pequena parte é reciclada corretamente. Cerca de 1,31% da parcela reciclável desses resíduos é aproveitada através das atividades executadas pela prefeitura para realização da coleta seletiva na cidade. Neste contexto, os resíduos sólidos devem ser tratados e recuperados por processos tecnológicos disponíveis e economicamente viáveis, antes da disposição final ambientalmente adequada. Para atingir tais objetivos, pode se citar três processos e instrumentos de redução e tratamento de resíduos sólidos: a Gestão Integrada e Sustentável dos Resíduos Sólidos, a reciclagem e a coleta seletiva. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral avaliar o atual modelo de gestão da coleta seletiva e propor uma possível desoneração dos serviços de limpeza urbana e destinação final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos oriundos da coleta domiciliar, por meio de levantamentos realizados na Empresa de Manutenção e Limpeza Urbana - EMLURB, nas indústrias recicladoras e nas cooperativas apoiadas pela prefeitura da cidade. Por fim, foi apresentada uma estimativa de valoração econômica para os resíduos sólidos recicláveis gerados na cidade com a posterior estruturação de cenários que apontaram uma possível desoneração do contrato de limpeza urbana e destinação final dos resíduos através de estimativas de comercialização da parcela reciclável dos resíduos sólidos gerados pela população. No cenário 1, que retrata a forma atual com que os resíduos sólidos recicláveis são geridos, Recife apresentou um potencial de desoneração de 17,54% dos custos com Coleta Seletiva, valor equivalente a R$ 877.965,38. No Cenário 2, onde a parcela prevista de aproveitamento dos resíduos sólidos recicláveis foi de 8%, observou-se que em 2036, ano final da projeção, a comercialização desses resíduos traria para a Cidade uma receita de R$ 25.248.195,14. No Cenário 3, com 15% de aproveitamento, o lucro gerado seria de 11,48%, no final do período, gerando um lucro aproximado de R$ 47.340.365,88. Por fim, no 4º e último Cenário, o lucro previsto em 2036 foi de 34,00%, já que a comercialização desses resíduos geraria um ganho de R$ 123.084.951,29.
It is estimated that 1.3 billion tons of municipal solid waste are generated on Earth per year. By 2025, the planet inhabited by about eight billion people, of whom five billion will be concentrated in urban areas, the amount of waste generated can be duplicated. Between 2013 and 2014, Brazil increased by 2.88% in the generation of daily MSW, alarming number, since the areas for disposal of such waste are becoming increasingly scarce. The city of Recife-PE has the Urban Cleaning contract and Final Destination of solid waste as one of the most expensive. As a growing city and large, residents of Recife generate large amounts of waste, of which only a small part is recycled properly. About 1.31% of the recyclable portion of this waste is harnessed through the activities carried out by the city to perform the selective collection in the city. In this context, the waste must be treated and recovered by available and economically viable technological processes before the environmentally sound disposal. To achieve these goals, you can name three processes and reduction tools and treatment of solid waste: the Integrated and Sustainable Management of Solid Waste, recycling and selective collection. This research aimed to evaluate the current management model of selective collection and propose a possible exemption of urban cleaning services and disposal of municipal solid waste from the home collection through surveys conducted in Empresa de Manutenção e Limpeza Urbana - EMLURB in the recycling industries and cooperatives supported by the city. Finally, an estimate of economic valuation was presented for recyclable solid waste generated in the city with the subsequent organization of scenarios that showed a possible exemption of urban cleaning contract and disposal of waste through marketing estimates recyclable portion of waste generated by the population. In scenario 1, which depicts the current way in which the recyclable solid waste is managed, Recife presented a potential reduction of 17.54% of the costs of selective collection, equivalent to R$ 877,965.38. In Scenario 2, where the share of expected use of recyclable waste was 8%, it was observed that in 2036, the final year of the projection, the marketing of such wastes would bring the city revenue of R$ 25,248,195.14. In Scenario 3, with 15% success, the generated profit was 11.48% at the end of the period, generating an approximate income of R$ 47,340,365.88. Finally, in the 4th and last scenario, the profit expected in 2036 was 34.00%, since the marketing of such waste would generate a gain of R$ 123,084,951.29
Books on the topic "Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling"
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Waste not: Alberta's approach to waste management. [Edmonton: Alberta Environment], 2004.
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San Francisco (Calif.). San Francisco Recycling Program. No room for waste: A waste reduction and recycling guide for San Francisco hotels. San Francisco, Calif: The Program, 1994.
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San Francisco (Calif.). Solid Waste Management Program. and Brown, Vence & Associates., eds. City and County of San Francisco source reduction and recycling element: Preliminary draft. [San Francisco]: The Program, 1991.
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Washington (State). Dept. of Ecology., ed. Regulatory impediment study: A report on impediments to waste reduction and recycling in State dangerous waste rules. Olympia, Wash: The Department, 1993.
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Waste management and valorization: Alternative technologies. Toronto: Apple Academic Press, 2015.
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Massachusetts. Dept. of Environmental Protection. Solid waste master plan Q & A. Boston, MA: The Dept., 2000.
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Massachusetts. Dept. of Environmental Protection., ed. Beyond 2000 solid waste master plan: A policy framework. Boston, MA: The Dept., 2000.
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Too good to waste: Making conservation a priority. Edmonton]: Alberta Environment, 2007.
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Protection, Alberta Alberta Environmental. Waste minimization manual: Paint industry. Edmonton: Action on Waste, Alberta Environmental Protection, 1997.
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Zenkoku "Risaikuru no Hi" Shinpojūmu (1st 1990 Izunagaoka-shi, Japan). Chikyū kankyō jidai no toshizukuri to risaikuru: Dai 1-kai Zenkoku Risaikuru Shinpojūmu hōkokushū. Tōkyō: Risaikuru Bunkasha, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling"
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Bishnoi, Tanmay, and Deepak Kumar Rai. "Case Study: India. The Role of the Skill Council for Green Jobs (SCGJ) in Recognising Green Skills and Upskilling Workers in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises." In Education for Sustainability, 129–52. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2072-1_7.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the recognition of green skills and upskilling of employees in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) dealing with waste management and renewable energy. In case of India, government pays a special attention to establishing and supporting a renewable energy (RE) sector, thus to contextualise this case study, RE is included in the analysis. It argues that recycling and reduction of waste, reuse of waste water, as well as the reduction of the negative impacts of climate change through renewable energy and energy-efficient devices, are key to all sectors—including catering, automotive and PVC manufacturing. India is one of the youngest nations in the world with more than 62% of its population in the working age group (15–59 years), therefore, to benefit from this demographic dividend, India needs to equip its workforce with employable skills and knowledge for sustainable growth. For the micro-level analysis, the study reported in this chapter was carried out with 47 enterprises. The results demonstrate a potential for recognizing ‘green skills’ that employees acquire non-formally and informally. The reported study was carried out by the Skill Council for Green Jobs (SCGJ), an autonomous body under the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE). SCGJ acts as a bridge between the Government of India and industry sectors in the implementation of skills development programmes considering industry needs and standards and relating them to the National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) levels.
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Rigillo, Marina. "Hybridizing Artifice and Nature: Designing New Soils Through the Eco-Systemic Approach." In Regenerative Territories, 281–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_18.
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AbstractThe chapter outlines the cultural background for applying design strategies consistent with the challenge of circularity. The contribution focuses on ecological thinking as an effective design approach to produce and implement eco-innovative strategies able at facing environmental and societal challenges of our global age. Then the chapter depicts the Repair research experience in promoting a systemic design approach for recycling and reusing C&D waste as new, anthropogenic soils in peri-urban areas. According to the EEA Report n.6/2017, the chapter posits that the major environmental challenges of the present are not about single issues, such as waste reduction or soil-loss, rather they involve systemic change and design processes, linking together economy, social habits and technological responses. Therefore, the transition towards more sustainable urban metabolism deeply depends from creative visions by which breaking the circuit “take-make-dispose” and promote new—and somehow tentative—visions for implementing circularity at local and global scale. Further postulation in the paper is about assuming the concept of Anthropocene as theoretical ground for such eco-innovative design approach. The scientific evidence of living in human-dominated ecosystems makes designers towards a paradigm shift concerning the overcoming of the typical artificial/natural dichotomy by exploring the augmented opportunities in designing sustainable and resilient habitats thanks to a more collaborative, plural and innovative design approach: “What is important and significant here is how ecology and landscape architectural design might invent alternative forms of relationships between people, places and cosmos” (Corner, ‘Ecology and Landscape as agents of Creativity’, 1997, reprint in Reed &Lister (2018), Op. Cit., pp. 40–65, p. 42). Starting from these assumptions, the paper deepens the experience of collaborative design for implementing recycle and reuse of C&D waste for producing new technical soils, according to both the regulatory constraints (and potentials) and the site-specific features. The research goal is to provide new vegetated soils by waste thanks to an innovative design process based on both circular economy principles and collaborative knowledge production. Notably, the capacity of producing creative hybridization between biotic and abiotic component seems to be the new frontier in the field of technological design and material engineering. The term hypernatural, proposed by Blaine Brownell and Marc Swackhamer in 2015, introduces the idea of a co-evolutionary process between nature and science, looking at humans’ technological capacity as an effective opportunity for creating the conditions for making biotic ad abiotic systems working together: “The ultimate aim of technology is not antinatural: it is hypernatural” (Brownell & Swackhamer in Hyper-natural. Architecture’s new relationship with nature. Princeton Architectural Press, New York, p. 18, 2015). The chapter deals with the methodology applied for promoting a sort of protocological architecture (Burke, 2007), by which facilitating the C&D waste recycle and reuse within the construction sector, and notably into the landscape project. The research starts working under the H2020-Repair project, and it has developed within further research programs about C&D waste management in urban regeneration programs developed by the Department of Architecture of University of Naples Federico II.
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Sushmitha, M. B., H. N. Chanakya, and Himanshu Kumar Khuntia. "Efficient Grey Water Treatment and Reuse Options for India—A Review." In Waste Water Recycling and Management, 143–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2619-6_12.
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Galab, S., S. Sudhakar Reddy, and Isa Baud. "Reuse, recovery and recycling of urban inorganic solid waste in Hyderabad." In Solid Waste Management and Recycling, 133–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2529-7_7.
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Karanja, Anne M., Moses M. Ikiara, and Theo C. Davies. "Reuse, recovery and recycling of urban inorganic solid waste in Nairobi." In Solid Waste Management and Recycling, 161–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2529-7_8.
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Baud, Isa. "Reuse, recovery and recycling of urban inorganic solid waste; modalities, commodity chains and sustainable development." In Solid Waste Management and Recycling, 115–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2529-7_6.
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Furedy, Christine. "Urban organic solid waste: reuse practices and issues for solid waste management in developing countries." In Solid Waste Management and Recycling, 197–211. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2529-7_9.
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Kumar, Vineet, Pankaj Chowdhary, and Maulin P. Shah. "Recycling and Reuse of Distillery Waste by Vermitechnology." In Recent Advances in Distillery Waste Management for Environmental Safety, 121–26. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003029885-9.
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Ankaram, Snehalata. "Reuse and Recycling: An Approach for Sustainable Waste Management." In Re-Use and Recycling of Materials, 3–13. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003339304-2.
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Visvanathan, Chettiyappan, and Prakriti Kashyap. "Public Engagement for Implementation of Waste Reduction and Recycling Policies." In Sustainable Solid Waste Management, 127–48. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414101.ch06.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling"
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Krumay, B., and R. Brandtweiner. "Companies’ efforts towards reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery (4Rs) of e-waste." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm160011.
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Elabras Veiga, L. B., A. Magrini, and A. S. Szklo. "Eco industrial parks: a tool towards the reduction, reuse and recycling (3R’s) of by-products and wastes: case study in Paracambi EIP, Rio de Janeiro State." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm080411.
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Hauser, Robert. "Practical Applications for Ash Reuse." In 12th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec12-2200.
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This panel session reviews a topic of long-standing interest and importance to the municipal waste combustion industry; how can some or all of the ten percent (10%) by volume of incoming material that remains after municipal solid waste is combusted be productively reused? This panel will address various reuse related topics, including but not limited to the following: • Pinellas County, Florida hosts a regional program where recovered ferrous metals from municipal waste combustors are shredded and recycled; an overview of experiences, economics, and logistics will be presented. • The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) will discuss the technical and regulatory background behind a September 2003 Consent Decree entered with American Ash Recycling for removal of residual materials in York County, Pennsylvania. • The City of Tampa has short-listed two (2) companies for what promises to be a precedent-setting ash reuse program; a status report will be given. • SUNY Stony Brook’s Waste Reduction and Management Institute’s work on two demonstration programs using processed MWC ash (using processed MSW combustor ash in both cold mix asphalt and construction quality cement blocks as well as a concrete block demonstration program) will be discussed. • Florida Department of Environmental Protection’s (FDEP’s) multifaceted program to address municipal combustion ash residue beneficial use determinations, ash regulation changes, and its analysis of statewide total metals data will be reviewed.
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Du, Jianxing, and Caiyuan Deng. "Construction and Lean Management of Filters Cycle Life Cycle in Nuclear Safety-Related Ventilation Systems." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92076.
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Abstract Nuclear safety-related ventilation systems of nuclear power plants are equipped with a large number of particle filters an d iodine filters to filter radioactive dust, aerosols and gaseous radioactive iodine. These disposable nuclear grade ventilation filters have high unit price and large annual consumption. The used filters as low and medium level radioactive waste, due to the inability to achieve reuse and effective capacity reduction treatment, resulting in a continuous shortage of low- and medium-level radioactive storage capacity in nuclear power plants. Post-processing is mainly compression temporary storage, which not only has a high cost of disposal and storage, but also has a great impact on the environment, but also has a serious waste of metal, activated carbon and other resources, which is a common problem in the industry. In recent years, in response to the national principle requirements of reducing nuclear radioactive waste and carrying out recycling, Daya Bay Nuclear Power has creatively put forward the concept of rebuilding the whole life cycle of nuclear ventilation filters on the basis of absorbing the experience of the same industry. Through the development and use of a full series of nuclear-grade reuse ventilation filters and related recycling technologies and equipment, and the lean management of the whole life process of nuclear-grade ventilation filters, the transition of nuclear-level ventilation filter from original extensive one-off life cycle management to recycling and lean life cycle management has been realized in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Base. It has embarked on a road of conservation, recycling and sustainable development.
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Breckel, Alex C., John R. Fyffe, and Michael E. Webber. "Net Energy and CO2 Emissions Analysis of Using MRF Residue as Solid Recovered Fuel at Coal Fired Power Plants." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88092.
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According to the waste management hierarchy published by the U.S. EPA, waste reduction and reuse are the most preferred modes of waste management, followed by recycling, energy recovery and lastly disposal. As many communities in the U.S. work towards sustainable waste management practices, recycling tends to be a cost-effective and common solution for handling municipal solid waste. With the introduction of single-stream recycling and automated materials recovery facilities (MRFs), where commingled recyclables are sorted into various commodity streams for sale to recycling facilities, recycling rates have steadily climbed in recent years. Despite increasing total recycling rates, contamination and diminishing returns for higher recovery ratios causes MRFs to landfill 5–25% of the incoming recycling stream as residue. This residue stream is composed primarily of plastics and fiber, both of which have high energy content that could be recovered instead of buried in a landfill. Plastics in particular are reported to have heat contents similar to fossil fuels, making energy recovery a viable end-of-life pathway. Sorting, shredding and densifying the residue stream to form solid recovered fuel (SRF) pellets for use as an alternative fuel yields energy recovery, displaced fossil fuels and landfill avoidance, moving more disposed refuse up the waste management hierarchy. Previous studies have shown that plastic, paper, and plastic-paper mixes are well suited for conversion to SRF and combustion for energy production. However, these studies focused on relatively homogenous and predictable material streams. MRF residue is not homogenous and has only a moderate degree of predictability, and thus poses several technical challenges for conversion to SRF and for straightforward energy and emissions analysis. This research seeks to understand the energetic and environmental tradeoffs associated with converting MRF residue into SRF for co-firing in pulverized coal power plants. A technical analysis is presented that compares a residue-to-SRF scenario to a residue-to-landfill scenario to estimate non-obvious energy and emissions tradeoffs associated with this alternative end-of-life scenario for MRF residue. Sensitivity to key assumptions was analyzed by considering facility proximity, landfill gas capture efficiency, conversion ratio of residue to SRF and the mass of residue used. The results of this study indicate that the use of MRF residue derived SRF in coal fired steam-electricity power plants realizes meaningful reductions of emissions, primary energy consumption, coal use and landfill deposition.
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Grinberga-Zalite, Gunta, Andra Zvirbule, Joanna Hernik, and Dina Popluga. "DEVELOPING WASTE MANAGEMENT SKILLS FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF FOOD SECTOR." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s22.093.
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Economic growth in Europe is causing environmental problems thus highlighting the need to minimize waste. Sustainable Development Goal 12 �Sustainable Production and Consumption� focuses on three aspects: waste management, energy saving and resource usage minimization. The aim of this study is to analyse the current needs for professional food waste management knowledge in European food production companies and develop waste minimization skills for food sector�s vocational education students. The study is based on a mixed methodology combining desk study, comparative analysis and logical design research methods as well as focus group interviews with the representatives of different food sub-sectors. The results of the study reveal that, although waste management processes in European countries are well regulated, food sector workers currently lack waste management skills and thus need professional trainings to efficiently participate in waste reduction, reuse and recycling to comply with the principles of the circular economy. The results of the research were used to develop a vocational training curriculum that can be used by vocational education trainers as well as food sector companies to reduce waste and promote a zero-waste management culture in Europe.
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Nituica, Mihaela, Laurentia Alexandrescu, Mihai Georgescu, Maria Sonmez, Maria Daniela Stelescu, Dana Gurau, Carmen Curutiu, and Stefania Stoleriu. "Biodegradable polymeric composite based on EPDM rubber and functionalized elastomeric waste." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.13.
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Elastomeric and plastic materials are used in different sectors of the European Union, and their recycling and reuse is still at a low level, compared to other types of waste (paper, glass, etc.). By approaching an efficient global strategy related to waste management, it is possible to make the transition to a circular economy with low CO2 emissions, offering the population a cleaner and safer environment. Due to the transformation of waste by various methods into new value-added products, we can say that their life cycle contributes to the efficiency of the economy and to the reduction of the negative impact on the environment. Research can make a difference in preventing the generation of technological and post-consumer polymeric waste by making biodegradable polymer composites that are harmless to the environment and ecosystem. The biodegradable polymer composites based on EPDM elastomer and rubber waste (rubber powder) were made on equipment specific to elastomers and characterized rheologically and physically-mechanically according to the standards in force.
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Davis, John C., Mike Jones, and John Roderique. "Planning for Greater Levels of Diversion That Including Energy Recovery for the Mojave Desert and Mountain Recycling Authority, California Region." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2342.
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The Mojave Desert and Mountain Recycling Authority is a California Joint Powers Authority (the JPA), consisting of nine communities in California’s San Bernardino County high desert and mountain region. In August 2008 the JPA contracted with Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. (GBB) to prepare the Victor Valley Resource Management Strategy (Resource Management Strategy). Working with RRT Design and Construction, Inc. (RRT), GBB prepared a coordinated forward-looking strategy to guide the JPA’s future program and facilities decisions. The Resource Management Strategy focused on the Town of Apple Valley, population 70,092, and the City of Victorville, population 107,408, the two largest JPA member communities, which have a combined total of more than 130,000 tons per year of material entering the JPA’s recycling system and the Victorville Landfill. The Resource Management Strategy is underpinned by a characterization of waste loads delivered to the Victorville Landfill. A visual characterization was carried out by RRT in September/October 2008. RRT engineers identified proportions of materials recoverable for recycling and composting among all loads collected from residential and non-residential generators for a full week, nearly 300 loads total. The JPA financed and manages the operations contract for the highly automated Victor Valley Material Recovery Facility (MRF). The MRF today receives and processes an average of 130 tons per day (tpd), five days per week, of single stream paper and containers and recyclable-rich commercial waste loads. The waste characterization indicated that as much as 80 percent of loads of residential and commercial waste currently landfilled could be processed for recycling and composting in a combination manual and automated sorting facility. Residue from the MRF, which is predominated by paper, would provide potential feedstock for an energy recovery project; however, the JPA has two strategies regarding process residue. The first strategy is to reduce residue rates from existing deliveries, to optimize MRF operations. An assessment of the MRF conducted by RRT indicated that residue rates could be reduced, although this material would continue to be rich in combustible materials. The second strategy is to increase recovery for recycling by expanding the recyclable-rich and organics-dense waste load deliveries to the MRF and/or a composting facility. The Resource Management Strategy provided a conceptual design and cost that identified projected capital and operations costs that would be incurred to expand the MRF processing system for the program expansion. Based on the waste composition analysis, residue from a proposed system was estimated. This residue also would be rich in combustible materials. The December 2008 California Scoping Plan is the roadmap for statewide greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts. The Scoping Plan specifically calls out mandatory commercial recycling, expanded organics composting (particularly food residue), and inclusion of anaerobic digestion as renewable energy. The Resource Management Strategy sets the stage for JPA programs to address Scoping Plan mandates and priorities. California Public Resources Code Section 40051(b) requires that communities: Maximize the use of all feasible source reduction, recycling, and composting options in order to reduce the amount of solid waste that must be disposed of by transformation and land disposal. For wastes that cannot feasibly be reduced at their source, recycled, or composted, the local agency may use environmentally safe transformation or environmentally safe land disposal, or both of those practices. Moreover, Section 41783(b) only allows transformation diversion credit (10 percent of the 50 percent required) if: The transformation project uses front-end methods or programs to remove all recyclable materials from the waste stream prior to transformation to the maximum extent feasible. Finally, prior to permitting a new transformation facility the California Integrated Waste Management Board is governed by Section 41783(d), which requires that CIWMB: “Hold a public hearing in the city, county, or regional agency jurisdiction within which the transformation project is proposed, and, after the public hearing, the board makes both of the following findings, based upon substantial evidence on the record: (1) The city, county, or regional agency is, and will continue to be, effectively implementing all feasible source reduction, recycling, and composting measures. (2) The transformation project will not adversely affect public health and safety or the environment.” The Resource Management Strategy assessed two cement manufacturers located in the high desert region for their potential to replace coal fuel with residue from the MRF and potentially from other waste quantities generated in the region. Cement kilns are large consumers of fossil fuels, operate on a continuous basis, and collectively are California’s largest source of greenhouse gas emissions. The Resource Management Strategy also identified further processing requirements for size reduction and screening to remove non-combustible materials and produce a feasible refuse derived fuel (RDF). A conceptual design system to process residue and supply RDF to a cement kiln was developed, as were estimated capital and operating costs to implement the RDF production system. The Resource Management Strategy addressed the PRC requirement that “all feasible source reduction, recycling and composting measures” are implemented prior to approving any new “transformation” facility. This planning effort also provided a basis for greenhouse gas reduction analysis, consistent with statewide initiatives to reduce landfill disposal. This paper will report on the results of this planning and the decisions made by the JPA, brought current to the time of the conference.
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Yamagishi, Isao, Masaki Ozawa, Hitoshi Mimura, Shohei Kanamura, and Koji Mizuguchi. "Advanced ORIENT Cycle: Progress on Fission Product Separation and Utilization." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40053.
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Fission reaction of U-235 and/or plutonium generates more than 40 elements and 400 nuclides in the spent fuel. Among them, 31 elements are categorized as rare metals. In a conventional fuel cycle U and Pu are reused but others are vitrified for disposal. Adv.-ORIENT (Advanced Optimization by Recycling Instructive Elements) Cycle strategy was drawn up for the minimization of radio-toxicity and volume of radioactive waste as well as the utilization of valuable elements/nuclides in the waste. The present paper describes the progress on Fission Products (FP) separation in this Cycle. Highly functional inorganic adsorbent (AMP-SG, silica gel loaded with ammonium molybdophosphate) and organic microcapsule (CE-ALG, alginate gel polymer enclosed with crown ether D18C6) were developed for separation of heat-generating Cs and Sr nuclides, respectively. The AMP-SG adsorbed more than 99% of Cs selectively from a simulated High-level Liquid Waste (HLLW). The ALG microcapsule adsorbed 0.0249 mmol/g of Sr and exhibited the order of its selectivity; Ba > Sr > Pd >> Ru > Rb > Ag. The electrodeposition is advantageous for both recovery and utilization of PGMs (Ru, Rh, Pd) and Tc because PGMs are recovered as metal on Pt electrode. Among PGMs, Pd was easily deposited on the Pt electrode. In the presence of Pd or Rh the reduction of Ru and Tc was accelerated more in hydrochloric acid media than in nitric acid. In the simulated HLLW, the redox reaction of Fe(III)/Fe(II) disturbed deposition of elements except for Pd. The deposits on Pt electrode showed higher catalytic reactivity on electrolytic hydrogen production than the original Pt electrode. The reactivity of deposits prepared from the simulated HLLW was higher than that from solution containing only PGM.
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Ribeiro, A., C. Vilarinho, J. Araújo, and J. Carvalho. "Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Gasification Using Different Gasifying Agents." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71268.
Full textAbstract:
Wastes represent nowadays, one of the major concerns for modern societies and for the environment, either by the wastage of raw materials and also by the existence of poor management systems that can originate and contaminate the ground water and air, and therefore, change the environment irreversibly. Waste management policies enhance the basic principles of prevention, which are the reduction in origin, followed by its recovery through recycling or energy recovery, in order to reduce the environmental and health impacts of wastes. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) is a solid fuel made after basic processing steps or techniques that increase the calorific value of municipal solid waste (MSW), commercial or industrial waste materials. Therefore, energy production from RDF can provide economic and environmental benefits, as reduces the amount of wastes sent to landfill and allows the energy recovery from a renewable source. In this work, it was studied the gasification of RDF collected in a Portuguese company, using steam and air as gasifying agents. This study intended to evaluate the effect of temperature and different molar ratios of both agents in gas production, gas composition and mass conversion of RDF. Physical and chemical composition of RDF was determined according to EN 15359:2011. Results showed that RDF has high quality for thermal valorization being registered high values of Low Heating Value (LHV) (24330 kJ/kg), carbon content (56.2%) and volatile matter content (77.2%). Experiments of RDF gasification were performed in a laboratory scale fixed bed gasifier, under different conditions. The effect of reaction temperature was studied at 750°C and 850°C. Gasification experiments with steam were executed at S/B feeding molar ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 and the ones performed with air ranging from ER 0.2 to 0.6. Results showed that, for the same operational conditions, the rise of gasification temperature improved gas production ratio (Nm3/kg RDF), gas LHV and mass conversion. Results also proved that steam gasification achieved higher LHV values compared with gasification using air in optimal conditions, 9.4 and 9.8 MJ/m3, respectively. The gasification of RDF using steam at S/B ratio of 1.0 enables the production of syngas with 51% of hydrogen (H2), 32% of carbon dioxide (CO2), 11% of carbon monoxide (CO) and 6% of methane (CH4) (in N2 free basis). The increasing of steam to RDF molar ratio, increased the contents of H2 and CO2, while the content of CO, CH4 and heating value decreased. Regarding to gas production ratio the utilization of air, especially at ER of 0.6, induced the formation of 1.5 m3 gas/kg RDF. Instead, steam gasification only allowed the production of 0.5 m3 gas/kg RDF. Mass conversion and carbon conversion achieved almost 100% in air gasification at highest molar ratio.
Reports on the topic "Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling"
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Rao, Nitya, Sheetal Patil, Maitreyi Koduganti, Chandni Singh, Ashwin Mahalingam, Prathijna Poonacha, and Nishant Singh. Sowing Sustainable Cities: Lessons for Urban Agriculture Practices in India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ssc12.2022.
Full textAbstract:
Despite growing interest and recognition of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as a nature- based solution, there is limited empirical evidence in countries like India on its role in reconfiguring goals on environmental functions (such as biodiversity, waste management, water recycling, micro-climate regulation, etc.) and social wellbeing (such as food and nutrition security, gender relations, work burdens, land tenure and community ties). A need to address this gap led to the ideation of the project ‘Urban and peri-urban agriculture as green infrastructures’ ( UPAGrI ). When UPAGrI started in 2019, the research on UPA in India was thin but growing. However, the practical experience of urban farming across Indian cities is thriving and diverse, built on decades of bottom-up experimentation. Within the landscape of our ever-changing cities, we found vibrant communities-of-practice sharing seeds and knowledge, engaged online influencers discussing composting and water reuse, and stories of farming becoming sites of multi-generational bonding and nutritional security. This compendium is a collection of 29 such innovative UPA practices from across the different cities in the country. These diverse case studies are loosely categorized into four themes: environment and sustainability; food, nutrition and livelihood; gender and subjective well-being; and urban policy and planning. Written mostly by practitioners themselves, the case studies collectively recognise and celebrate UPA innovations and practices, serving as a repository of lessons for peer-to-peer learning, and demonstrating how UPA can be one of the many solutions towards sustainable, liveable Indian cities.
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Rao, Nitya. Sowing Sustainable Cities: Lessons for Urban Agriculture Practices in India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ssc12.2023.
Full textAbstract:
Despite growing interest and recognition of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as a nature- based solution, there is limited empirical evidence in countries like India on its role in reconfiguring goals on environmental functions (such as biodiversity, waste management, water recycling, micro-climate regulation, etc.) and social wellbeing (such as food and nutrition security, gender relations, work burdens, land tenure and community ties). A need to address this gap led to the ideation of the project ‘Urban and peri-urban agriculture as green infrastructures’ ( UPAGrI ). When UPAGrI started in 2019, the research on UPA in India was thin but growing. However, the practical experience of urban farming across Indian cities is thriving and diverse, built on decades of bottom-up experimentation. Within the landscape of our ever-changing cities, we found vibrant communities-of-practice sharing seeds and knowledge, engaged online influencers discussing composting and water reuse, and stories of farming becoming sites of multi-generational bonding and nutritional security. This compendium is a collection of 29 such innovative UPA practices from across the different cities in the country. These diverse case studies are loosely categorized into four themes: environment and sustainability; food, nutrition and livelihood; gender and subjective well-being; and urban policy and planning. Written mostly by practitioners themselves, the case studies collectively recognise and celebrate UPA innovations and practices, serving as a repository of lessons for peer-to-peer learning, and demonstrating how UPA can be one of the many solutions towards sustainable, liveable Indian cities.