Journal articles on the topic 'Waste management (including agricultural waste)'
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1
Zargaran Khouzani, Mohammad Reza, and Zahra Dehghani Ghahfarokhi. "Evaluation of Agricultural Waste Management Mechanism in Iran." Industrial and Domestic Waste Management 2, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/idwm.v2i2.112.
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The unfavourable situation of waste management in Iran can be seen in different sectors, and agriculture is not excluded from these sectors. The wastes of the agricultural industry can be used in a beneficial way in various agricultural applications and other industrial processes. However, the cost of collection, processing, and transportation can be much higher than the income from the beneficial use of such waste. Incineration of crop residues creates numerous environmental problems. The most important side effects of burning crop residues include the emission of greenhouse gases that lead to global warming, air pollution, and things like soil degradation, loss of soil fertility, loss of beneficial microorganisms, intensification of soil erosion, etc. In the current research, which is a review based on library sources, the mechanism of agricultural waste management in Iran has been evaluated. There are other consequences of such actions. The criteria for action are laws regarding the burning of product residues in Iran, the most important of which are the Waste Management Law and the Clean Air Law. Among these methods are sustainable management methods for product residues, including compost production, biochar production, and waste management at the production site.
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Varghese, Sandhya Alice, Harikrishnan Pulikkalparambil, Khwanchat Promhuad, Atcharawan Srisa, Yeyen Laorenza, Lerpong Jarupan, Tarinee Nampitch, Vanee Chonhenchob, and Nathdanai Harnkarnsujarit. "Renovation of Agro-Waste for Sustainable Food Packaging: A Review." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030648.
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Waste management in the agricultural sector has become a major concern. Increased food production to satisfy the surge in population has resulted in the generation of large volumes of solid waste. Agro-waste is a rich source of biocompounds with high potential as a raw material for food packaging. Utilization of agro-waste supports the goal of sustainable development in a circular economy. This paper reviews recent trends and the development of agro-wastes from plant and animal sources into eco-friendly food packaging systems. Different plant and animal sources and their potential development into packaging are discussed, including crop residues, process residues, vegetable and fruit wastes, and animal-derived wastes. A comprehensive analysis of the properties and production methods of these packages is presented. Future aspects of agro-waste packaging systems and the inherent production problems are addressed.
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CHARDON, X., C. RAISON, A. LE GALL, T. MORVAN, and P. FAVERDIN. "Fumigene: a model to study the impact of management rules and constraints on agricultural waste allocation at the farm level." Journal of Agricultural Science 146, no. 5 (September 9, 2008): 521–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608008034.
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SUMMARYIn France, many dairy farms plan the allocation of animal wastes to the fields of the farm at the beginning of every year. This decision is complex, because many factors must be taken into account at the field and farm scales, including increasingly constraining environmental regulations. To evaluate the environmental impact of waste allocation strategies, these strategies have to be translated into consistent decisions. The objective of the current study was to reproduce the decisions made by farmers, in a wide range of contexts. For this purpose, a linear programming model that could help in generating yearly waste allocations was developed. The model, called Fumigene, takes into account the farmer's preferences and environmental, agronomic and feasibility constraints. It was applied on two case farms and the simulated waste allocations were compared to those chosen by the farmers over periods of 3 and 4 years, respectively. The evaluation showed that the waste allocations generated by the model were consistent with the strategies of the farmers. Fumigene was then used in investigating the impact of taking into account the phosphorus (P) fertilization constraints instead of only the nitrogen constraints. In the case studied, balancing P fertilization over 5 years led to small changes in waste allocation. Balancing P fertilization every year caused bigger changes and led to export of a part of the wastes. In a general way, Fumigene can be coupled with environmental evaluation tools to compare the impacts of different waste allocation strategies.
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Budžaki, Sandra, Natalija Velić, Marta Ostojčić, Marija Stjepanović, Blanka Bilić Rajs, Zita Šereš, Nikola Maravić, Jovana Stanojev, Volker Hessel, and Ivica Strelec. "Waste Management in the Agri-Food Industry: The Conversion of Eggshells, Spent Coffee Grounds, and Brown Onion Skins into Carriers for Lipase Immobilization." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030409.
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One of the major challenges in sustainable waste management in the agri-food industry following the “zero waste” model is the application of the circular economy strategy, including the development of innovative waste utilization techniques. The conversion of agri-food waste into carriers for the immobilization of enzymes is one such technique. Replacing chemical catalysts with immobilized enzymes (i.e., immobilized/heterogeneous biocatalysts) could help reduce the energy efficiency and environmental sustainability problems of existing chemically catalysed processes. On the other hand, the economics of the process strongly depend on the price of the immobilized enzyme. The conversion of agricultural and food wastes into low-cost enzyme carriers could lead to the development of immobilized enzymes with desirable operating characteristics and subsequently lower the price of immobilized enzymes for use in biocatalytic production. In this context, this review provides insight into the possibilities of reusing food industry wastes, namely, eggshells, coffee grounds, and brown onion skins, as carriers for lipase immobilization.
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Sladkova, N. A. "Regulatory Changes to Livestock Waste." Legal regulation in veterinary medicine, no. 3 (October 18, 2022): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2022.3.14.
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This article discusses the features of the application of new requirements in the field of animal waste management. From March 2023, a number of new provisions in the legislation come into force, which contribute to the transfer of animal waste from the jurisdiction of the environmental area to a new industry for the management of animal by-products.The adopted changes are aimed at increasing the efficiency of involving livestock by-products in agricultural production, including to ensure the reproduction of the fertility of agricultural land, and should help reduce the administrative burden on agricultural producers.However, the introduced norms in a number of cases leave the dual position of animal husbandry waste, keeping the requirements of environmental legislation regarding them as production and consumption waste.
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Shehzadi, Saira, M. Azhar Ali, M. Usman Farid, and M. Kashif. "DESIGNING, FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL COMPOSTER FOR ECONOMICAL BIOWASTE MANAGEMENT." Engineering Heritage Journal 5, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/gwk.02.2021.53.57.
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In the last few years, the rapid increase of human population are creating many environmental problems because of intensification of human activities. A huge amount of wastes are generated from industries including food and agriculture industries. It is essential to protect the natural resources. It can be done with best management practices of agriculture waste in future Composting is the best method to handle the food, agricultural and industrial waste. The main objective of this research is the design and fabrication of an indigenous composter to conserve the agriculture waste. Composter structure is based on two shells. One is inner shells which is having diameter of 48 inches and outer shell having diameter of 52 inches. Between these two shells heat in the form of steam is circulated to give high temperature for pasteurization of compost. Raw material is added in the inner shell. Two gears are attached with this composter structure. One is driving gear which is also small gear attached with motor. Other one is larger gear which is adjusted according to our desire RPM requirement. Larger gear further rotates the shaft present in the inner shell of composter. Gear motor is used having the power of 3355 Watt Watt. Material used for this composter was mild steel. A boiler was attached to this composter to flow the steam in outer shell of composter. Agriculture waste considered for this research corn straw waste. The analysis have been done in a composter for compost effecting parameters. The effect of three independent parameters pressure, RPM and feeding rate was analyzed on the composting time of waste. Results indicated that increase in the RPM the time of composting also increase because of oxygen cannot consumed fully at higher RPM. Whereas the increase in feeding rate decrease the time of composting because the greater number of microbial activities generated in the composting process and compost prepared in less time. In case of pressure, higher the pressure the time of composting decreases because at higher pressure the time rise quickly and thermophilic conditions occurs quickly. At RPM 12 and feeding rate 15kg in 62.89± 2.26 time compost was prepared it was the least time as compare to others. At 10 RPM and 1 bar pressure composting time notice was 65.33±2.60. In combination of feeding rate and pressure, at feeding rate 15kg and pressure 0.5 bar least time noticed 63.00± 2.35.
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Dereszewska, Alina, and Stanisław Cytawa. "PROCESSING OF AGRO-WASTES IN THE LIGHT OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 6 (January 10, 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7903.
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The article discusses the procedures of agricultural waste management in the context of the principle of maximum closed loop for organic compounds. The concept of regional agro-waste economy is presented taking into account existing technological solutions including agricultural biogas plants as well as biogas plants located at sewage treatment plants. The biogas potential for agricultural waste co-fermented with primary sludge of the ‘Swarzewo’ wastewater treatment plant was estimated.
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Amran, Muhammad Azri, Kishneth Palaniveloo, Rosmadi Fauzi, Nurulhuda Mohd Satar, Taznim Begam Mohd Mohidin, Gokula Mohan, Shariza Abdul Razak, Mirushan Arunasalam, Thilahgavani Nagappan, and Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan. "Value-Added Metabolites from Agricultural Waste and Application of Green Extraction Techniques." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 16, 2021): 11432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011432.
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The agricultural sector generates approximately 1300 million tonnes of waste annually, where up to 50% comprising of raw material are discarded without treatment. Economic development and rising living standards have increased the quantity and complexity of waste generated resulting in environmental, health and economic issues. This calls for a greener waste management system such as valorization or recovery of waste into products. For successful implementation, social acceptance is an essential component with involvement of all local stakeholders including community to learn and understand the process and objective of the implementation. The agricultural waste product manufacturing industry is expected to increase with the growing demand for organic food. Thus, proper livestock and crop waste management is vital for environmental protection. It will be essential to successfully convert waste into a sustainable product that is reusable and circulated in the system in line with the green concept of circular economy. This review identifies the commercially produced crops by-product that have been considered for valorization and implemented green extraction for recovery. We highlight the importance of social acceptance and the economic value to agricultural waste recycling. Successful implementation of these technologies will overcome current waste management problems, reduce environmental impacts of landfills, and sustainability issue for farm owners.
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Mohd Khalif, Saldatul As Wani, Nurul Zahidah Nordin, and Nadiawati Alias. "Identification and characterization of potential compost degrading bacteria from agro-waste." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n1.1924.
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Agricultural industry plays a significant role in the global economic growth. It is estimated more than 15% of total waste in Asia are contributed by agro waste. Bacteria is known as one of the useful organisms actively found to surround the waste industry. They are considered as chemical decomposers and act as driving agent of composting that changes the chemistry of organic waste to simple compounds. Thus, this study was conducted to isolate and identify potential compostdegrading bacteria from agriculture waste at several sampling areas in Besut district, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 49 bacteria strains were isolated using Tryptic Soya Agar (TSA) from seven groups of raw agro wastes (paddy husk, paddy straw, paddy soil, rock melon waste, rock melon soil, corn waste, and corn soil). Primary screening for potential enzyme production was carried out using selective media containing different substrates (sucrose, xylan, starch, skim milk, and pectin). Only 13 bacterial strains were found positive for protease, nine bacteria strains positive for xylanase, and three bacteria strains were found positive for amylase. Identification of bacteria strains were performed using phenotypic, biochemical tests, and genotypic approaches by 16S rRNA gene sequence. Based on NCBI BLAST analysis, we have identified several bacteria strains: Bacillus cereus (strain B), Alcaligenes faecalis (strain C), Micrococcus sp. (strain D), Pseudomonas stutzeri (strain E), Enterobacter cloacae (strain G), and Serratia marcescens (strain J). Strain F and strain H were identified under distinct family of Enterobacteriaceae, while strain I was identified from Pseudomonadeles order which might represent a new type of proteobacteria strain. These potential waste degrading bacteria could be further analyzed and studies for their true potential in many areas including agriculture and industrial waste management as an approach to reduce waste accumulation in eco-friendly way.
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El Hage, Maria, Hiba N. Rajha, Zoulikha Maache-Rezzoug, Mohamed Koubaa, and Nicolas Louka. "Intensification of Bioethanol Production from Different Lignocellulosic Biomasses, Induced by Various Pretreatment Methods: An Updated Review." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 6912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196912.
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While world energy demand has certainly decreased with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the need has been significantly on the rise since 2021, all as the world’s fossil fuel resources are depleting; it is widely accepted that these resources emit greenhouse gases (GHG), which are the leading cause for the climate crisis. The main contributors to global warming are manufacturing, energy, and agriculture. The agricultural sector is composed of diversified and potential mobilizable sources of waste which can become an attractive alternative to fossil fuels for energy production, and thus sequester and use carbon. Therefore, a paradigm shift towards more sustainable energy alternatives, efficient waste management, and new technologies is necessary. One good solution is the energetic valorization of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) which can also originate from agricultural wastes. The biomass consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are sources of fermentable sugars that can be used for bioethanol production. However, the recovery of sugars requires the pretreatment of LCB before enzymatic hydrolysis, due to its inaccessible molecular structure. Different pretreatment technologies, including acid and alkaline pretreatments for selected biomasses (such as hemp, rice straw, corn straw, sugarcane bagasse, and wheat straw) are discussed and compared. Therefore, this review highlights the potential of agricultural waste as a renewable resource for energy production.
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Gubacheva, L. A., D. Yu Chizhevskaya, I. V. Makarova, and A. A. Andreev. "TECHNOLOGIES OF RATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPORT." Ecology. Economy. Informatics.System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems 1, no. 5 (2020): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-395x-2020-1-5-123-129.
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In modern conditions, the problem of waste pollution of the earth bowels, the atmosphere, natural and artificial water areas is especially acute. Domestic wastes are incinerated or taken to a landfill, as a result, there is an environmental damage – the area of alienated land resources increases and the atmosphere is polluted. The negative impact of municipal solid waste (MSW) on the environment, leading to climate change, an increase in the greenhouse effect and an increase in the number of natural hazards, makes it necessary to search for solutions to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, increase the energy efficiency of processes, in particular, in transport systems, due to fuel efficiency using. The most negative impact on the state of the air environment is exerted by emissions in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, including those using natural gas, nitrogen monoxides and dioxides as fuel. Reducing harmful emissions is possible, for example, by improving the technology for producing generator gas as an alternative fuel, which makes it possible to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides in any devices for burning up solid, liquid and gaseous fuels in internal combustion engines. The article discusses the issues of waste generation and their impact on the environment, the technologies for rational use of natural resources in transport and methods for improving waste processing technologies are presented. A new horizontal design of a combined automobile gas generator has been developed. It makes it possible to transfer the power supply from liquid motor fuel to generator gas produced from woodworking industry waste, agricultural waste, solid household and polyethylene-containing waste. This will reduce pollution of the world’s oceans by slowly decomposing polyethylene, which are now acquiring the character of a disaster on a planetary scale. An increase in the environmental level of gasoline engines and a decrease of the amount of waste during the operation of road transport will be achieved with the modernization of the waste processing plant to obtain energy carriers for transport. In its turn, it will make it possible to form a natural and technical system to ensure environmental safety and protect the natural environment.
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Meza-Sepúlveda, Diana C., Ana M. Castro, Annie Zamora, Jorge W. Arboleda, Adriana M. Gallego, and Anyela V. Camargo-Rodríguez. "Bio-Based Value Chains Potential in the Management of Cacao Pod Waste in Colombia, a Case Study." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040693.
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Agriculture generates 11.4 billion tons of biomass worldwide, including residues from crop production and industrial processing. Improper disposal of agricultural residues results in environmental pollution and the waste of valuable biomass resources. Management of agricultural waste is particularly suboptimal in developing countries where low added-value traditional practices to manage the residues are commonplace. A bioeconomy approach to better manage agricultural waste is to use renewable biological resources from land and sea to produce new materials and energy, allowing the development of bio-based value chains (BBVC). This study explored the potential of BBVC in the management of cacao pod husk (CPH), the primary residual biomass generated from the production of cacao in Colombia. Thus, a literature review on cacao pod husk (CPH) management strategies and a survey for farmers from Caldas State in Colombia between August and November of 2020 were performed to identify the potentials and limitations of BBVC in the management of CPH. Assessment of CPH management strategies suggested variable uses for CPH categorized in energy, food, and miscellaneous. Analysis of surveys indicated farmers are keen to implement strategies to better manage their agricultural waste, but that information is not available to them. Finally, an approach to develop a BBVC from cacao was proposed, which we plan to implement as a future research direction. We expect to impact the economic growth positively in the region with bio-based products in the market.
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Esteban Cantillo, Oscar Julián, and Benjamin Quesada. "Solid Waste Characterization and Management in a Highly Vulnerable Tropical City." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416339.
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Inadequate waste management can cause human health problems, economic losses, and environmental contamination. Colombian municipalities face the critical issues of very low levels of recycling for solid waste, increasing waste quantities, precarious conditions for waste pickers, a lack of investment in alternative strategies, increasing pollution, and landslides in landfills. Moreover, Colombia lacks an in-situ quantification of solid waste, as well as alternative strategies based on an analysis of the local contexts. This study provides an analysis of the current waste management and a characterization of the waste production in a highly vulnerable tropical city in Colombia, Puerto Carreño, the capital municipality in Vichada. Systematically following the collection routes, we determined that 61% of waste produced is potentially recyclable, and that the total solid waste per inhabitant (at 0.504 kg/capita/day) is 43% lower than that estimated by the private local waste collector. The great majority of solid waste is disposed of in El Merey landfill, which does not currently fulfill legal requirements. Given the current incentivization legislation, formal economic gains can be achieved, including an increase in employment, and the reduction of negative social and environmental impacts near the landfill, and it is estimated that its useful lifetime can be doubled (+30 years) within a circular economy framework. This study is an important contribution for local and national authorities to implement key waste-management recommendations, including the formalization of indigenous waste pickers, implementation of selective collection routes, agricultural exploitation of the organic waste, and adequate landfill management.
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Hřebíček, Jiří, Jiří Kalina, and Jana Soukopová. "Integrated economic model of waste management: Case study for South Moravia region." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 4 (2013): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361040917.
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The paper introduces and discusses the developed integrated economic model of municipal waste management of the Czech Republic, which was developed by authors as a balanced network model for a set of sources (mostly municipalities) of municipal solid waste connected with a set of chosen waste treatment facilities processing their waste. Model is implemented as a combination of several economic submodels including environmental and economic point of view. It enables to formulate the optimisation problem in a concise way and the resulting model is easily scalable. Model involves submodels of waste prevention, collection and transport optimization, submodels of waste energy utilization (incineration and biogas plants) and material recycling (composting) and submodel of landfilling. Its size (number of sources and facilities) depends only upon available data. Its application is used in the case study of the South Moravia region with verification of using time series waste data. The results enable to improve decision making in waste management sector.
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Omar, Hala, and Salah El-Haggar. "Zero Waste Rural Community Complex (ZWRC2)." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (March 17, 2017): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v6i1.10601.
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Millions of people living in rural areas in some developing countries are entombed in extreme poverty well beneath any definition of human decency. They live in squalid areas due to the absence of adequate sewage system, lack of agricultural and municipal solid waste management. As an easy and cheap solution to their problems, residents of rural communities either throw their wastes in the streets and in the nearest water way or burn them in the field. These unintended practices contribute to the deterioration of the quality of air, water, soil and food. In addition to the environmental problems, rural communities in developing countries suffer from illiteracy, unemployment, high risk for disease, high mortality rate, and low life expectancy. Due to this tragic situation, it became imperative to find a solution to reach zero pollution in rural areas. Since the emergence of the concept of sustainable development many efforts have been made to apply the ‘cradle-to-cradle’ approach in different sectors where all waste is used for the production of other goods. Unfortunately, the application of ‘cradle-to-cradle’ concept in rural communities to approach 100% full utilization of all types of wastes is not sufficiently explored. The aim of this paper is to propose solutions for the waste problem in rural areas through the concept of environmentally balanced rural complex called “Zero Waste Rural Community Complex (ZWRC2)”. The idea is to develop a complex in each rural community that groups compatible, simple and low cost technologies including briquetting, composting, biogas, and animal fodder. All wastes generated from the rural community will be transported to this complex and fully utilized as raw material to produce organic fertilizers, energy, animal fodder and other useful products depending on market need.
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Esiana, Benneth O. I., Anne E. Berns, W. Paul Adderley, and Roland Bol. "Organic Carbon Speciation in Urban Anthrosols—The Legacy of Historical Waste Management." Soil Systems 6, no. 2 (June 12, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6020053.
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The impacts of waste management on various soils of agricultural and urban lands may last centuries or even millennia; however, generally, most studies tend to focus only on decadal or shorter timescales. This study investigates the characteristic properties of anthrosols in and around the urban settlement of St Andrews (Scotland), in the context of soil management and organic carbon content and speciation. Formed by the repeated application of fresh organic and pyrogenic wastes since the medieval period, these soils provide a 1000-year urban research context based on historical accounts of town waste management. We employed complementary methods of high-field solid-state 13C-CPMAS NMR, in situ magnetic susceptibility measurement, elemental micro-analysis and portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). A significant proportion of the soil organic carbon was present as refractory aromatic C structures, including aryl-C moieties. Portable OSL assessment revealed differences in the intensity and rate of sediment accumulation. The medieval urban areas had higher soil phosphorus concentrations, organic carbon content and magnetic susceptibility relative to the extra-urban site located outside of the medieval burgh. The study confirms that specific signatures, including carbon group functionalities, do reveal evidence of such induced long-lasting past anthropogenic soil modifications.
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Nzeteu, Corine, Fabiana Coelho, Emily Davis, Anna Trego, and Vincent O’Flaherty. "Current Trends in Biological Valorization of Waste-Derived Biomass: The Critical Role of VFAs to Fuel A Biorefinery." Fermentation 8, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8090445.
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The looming climate and energy crises, exacerbated by increased waste generation, are driving research and development of sustainable resource management systems. Research suggests that organic materials, such as food waste, grass, and manure, have potential for biotransformation into a range of products, including: high-value volatile fatty acids (VFAs); various carboxylic acids; bioenergy; and bioplastics. Valorizing these organic residues would additionally reduce the increasing burden on waste management systems. Here, we review the valorization potential of various sustainably sourced feedstocks, particularly food wastes and agricultural and animal residues. Such feedstocks are often micro-organism-rich and well-suited to mixed culture fermentations. Additionally, we touch on the technologies, mainly biological systems including anaerobic digestion, that are being developed for this purpose. In particular, we provide a synthesis of VFA recovery techniques, which remain a significant technological barrier. Furthermore, we highlight a range of challenges and opportunities which will continue to drive research and discovery within the field. Analysis of the literature reveals growing interest in the development of a circular bioeconomy, built upon a biorefinery framework, which utilizes biogenic VFAs for chemical, material, and energy applications.
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Kokieva, Galia, Aleksandr Pekhutov, Sergey Petunov, Marfa Okhlopkova, and Nadezhda Kondakova. "Method of biological treatment of agricultural waste by microbial synthesis." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 12011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017512011.
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Traditional manure management is unacceptable for dilute manure, the share of which in the structure of organic waste from livestock farms and complexes is continually increasing. The approach is relevant, at the first stage of implementation, it is necessary to create the supply base for non-conventional energy using, including organic biomass energy (manure, crop waste, etc.). Also, the problem of waste utilization is closely linked to another environment protection, which requires intensive recycling of animal agriculture. It requires necessary to search reclamation methods that would ensure the utilization of agrotechnical, energetic, feed, and other properties. The article presents the treatment process of manure utilization by microbial synthesis.
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Seruga, Przemysław. "The Municipal Solid Waste Management System with Anaerobic Digestion." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082067.
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This study investigated the applied methods for the collection and treatment of an organic fraction of municipal solid waste with anaerobic digestion (AD), including the effects of selective waste collection system introduction. As the research area, data from a waste treatment plant, which collects waste from about 260,000 inhabitants, was used as the selected waste management plan. Biowaste stream management was emphasized. Thus, research on energy recovery and the characteristics of digestate (nutrient and heavy metals content) obtained from biowaste AD was performed. The results of the studies and their quantitative data were interpreted. A significant discrepancy between the assumptions and the actual situation was revealed (up to 20% year-on-year regarding biowaste). An underestimation of the amount of waste when planning was noted. AD ensures energy recovery from biowaste, which can cover facility electricity needs and material recovery. The digestate might find agricultural usage and become an ecological product. The content of nitrogen (1.5%dry matter), phosphorus (0.55%dry matter), potassium (1.0%dry matter), and organic carbon (16.0%dry matter) indicate a positive impact on crops. Furthermore, it can improve the economic balance, by replacing costs with sales revenues.
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Florindo, Tiago, Ana I. Ferraz, Ana C. Rodrigues, and Leonel J. R. Nunes. "Residual Biomass Recovery in the Wine Sector: Creation of Value Chains for Vine Pruning." Agriculture 12, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050670.
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Waste management is a current and transversal problem in all production areas, including agriculture. Within this economic activity, wine production generates a large amount of waste, namely, that resulting from the winemaking activity itself, such as pomace and grape stalks, and waste resulting from the management of the vineyards, with operations such as vine pruning. The management of vine pruning residuals has traditionally been conducted by burning leftovers on-site, without any use for the energy produced. This research analyzed the potential for the valorization of residual biomass resulting from vine pruning by creating a business model based on value chains of local scale. For this analysis, several samples of residues resulting from the “Loureiro” vine variety planted in Ponte de Lima (northern Portugal) were collected and characterized. The objective of the small-scale business model created, in addition, to solving the environmental problems related to the disposal of waste from agricultural activities, a value chain can be established, contributing to increasing the income of the farmers while introducing a circular bioeconomy and sustainable rural development practices.
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Majbar, Zineb, Fatima-Zahra El Madani, Mohamed Khalis, Kenza Lahlou, Mohamed Ben Abbou, El Batoul Majbar, Mohammed Bourhia, et al. "Farmers’ Perceptions and Willingness of Compost Production and Use to Contribute to Environmental Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 13335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313335.
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Composting is an ecological method of recycling organic waste. It presents an effective solution to reduce the large volume of agricultural waste and provides an organic fertilizer and soil amendment. However, its implementation remains limited, especially in Morocco. The vast majority of farmers are unaware of the effectiveness of compost, and it is often considered as an inefficient product compared with chemical fertilizers. In order to develop a local marketing strategy for compost, this study aims to identify the perceptions and willingness of farmers to produce and use compost in agriculture, and to assess the factors shaping these perceptions and willingness, including socio-economic, agricultural and individual factors. The case of Morocco is investigated, where the vast majority of farmers practice inappropriate disposal of agricultural waste and excessive use of agro-chemicals. Data are collected using a standard questionnaire and face-to-face interviews with 350 farmers during their visit to the international agricultural exhibition in Morocco. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used for data analysis. The results showed a high level (80%) of acceptance by farmers of the production and use of compost. Farmers are also very willing to produce and use compost in agriculture. All the socio-economic, individual and agricultural factors, except gender, length of experience and cultivated area, had a highly significant influence on farmers’ perception and willingness to produce compost (p < 0.005). The positive perceptions of farmers and the high level of willingness to produce compost imply that the composting of organic waste should be encouraged by our local authorities. The production of compost will thus contribute to environmental sustainability and to the promotion of the ecological management of agricultural waste meeting the requirements of a circular economy.
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Yakymchuk, Alina, Olha Pakharenko, and Serhiy Shturkhetskyy. "Assessment of energy potential of agricultural plants as a basis of bioenergetic management development in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(2).2018.30.
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Sustainable economic growth and increase in the level of population wellbeing, the diminution of energy dependence of Ukraine from the neighboring countries can only be achieved through the use of different types of biofuels, the practice of which is confirmed by the experience of other countries. One of the most promising types of fuel is agricultural plants, or rather the waste that remains after harvesting. The purpose of this study is to assess the energy potential of agricultural plants in Ukraine on the example of the Lviv region with an idea that it might reduce the energy dependence of Ukraine on Russia and other countries and will become a basis for improving the national energy management system. Assessment of the energy potential of agricultural plants was carried out on the example of the Lviv region. This assessment is based on all three components of the energy potential of agricultural plants (both theoretically and technically feasible and economically justified).According to the results of calculations, waste of wheat, other grain crops and rape has the largest energy potential. In particular, the energy potential of agricultural biomass of the Lviv region makes theoretically possible (maximum) 2.1 million tons of fuel equivalent, technically achievable 0.915 million tons of fuel equivalent (including losses), and economically expedient (optimal) 0.74 million tons of fuel equivalent. The evidence revealed in the study confirmed the fact that Ukraine has sufficient energy potential use of agricultural crops. All these measures correspond to the state strategy for the development of the energy potential of Ukraine. Considerable attention is paid to the need to form an optimal management system for the use of energy potential of agricultural plants in Ukraine. Given the significant economic efficiency of agricultural wastes, the expediency of its use as biofuels has been substantiated. The most effective in energy terms are grain crops (wheat, barley), which should be preferred in the process of biomass creation.
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Cameron, K. C., H. J. Di, and R. G. McLaren. "Is soil an appropriate dumping ground for our wastes?" Soil Research 35, no. 5 (1997): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96099.
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New Zealand and Australia generate large quantities of agricultural, industrial, and municipal wastes. As authorities move to protect the environment by regulating waste disposal practices, environmentally sound methods of waste disposal are being sought. In particular, land application of wastes as a means of disposal, nutrient re-cycling, and water conservation is becoming increasingly popular. This paper provides an overview of the types, quantities, and characteristics of wastes generated in New Zealand and Australia, and highlights the problems with current waste disposal practices, including landfilling, incineration, and discharging into waters. This is followed by a detailed review of the beneficial effects and adverse impacts of land application of wastes on plant production and soil and environmental quality, and possible hazards to human health. The management of waste application on land is a challenging task and requires rigorous scientific input. Sludges and euents contain significant concentrations of plant nutrients, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter. Their application on land has been shown, in many cases, to result in significant increases in plant yields and improvements in soil physical conditions and chemical fertility. The constraints with some wastes, particularly those of industrial and municipal origin, are that they contain undesirable constituents, e.g. heavy metals, toxic organics, pathogens, and salts, or have extremely high or low pH. High concentrations of nitrate and phosphate derived from wastes are also of concern for ground and surface water contamination. The processes that control the fate of wastes in the soil are complex and many of them are poorly understood, e.g. rate of release of nutrients and other chemicals; leaching of nutrients, metals, and organics through macropores and as suspended solids; emission of greenhouse gases; impact of solvents, surfactants, and sludge organic matter on the sorption, degradation, and leaching of hydrophobic organics; and the long-term bioavailability and fate of metals and organics fixed by soil organic matter. More research is urgently required to develop a sound understanding of waste characteristics and the processes affecting their fate in the soil in order to ensure that land application of wastes is safe.
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Santamarta, Juan C., Luka Miklin, Cynthia Olivia Gomes-Nadal, Joselin S. Rodríguez-Alcántara, Jesica Rodríguez-Martín, and Noelia Cruz-Pérez. "Waste Management and Territorial Impact in the Canary Islands." Land 12, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010212.
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Insularity presents several challenges in the development of Europe’s outermost regions. In the case of the Canary Islands, one of these challenges is waste management, which faces a series of difficulties inherent to territorial disparities, including land use and availability, a high percentage of protection, a large number of annual tourists and a high level of product imports. The archipelago is made up of eight islands, and waste management is significantly different in the two capitals, Tenerife and Gran Canaria, and the rest of the smaller islands. European targets for adequate waste management have not been achieved in those areas. As an example, only 16% of the collected waste is recycled currently, mainly due to a lack of infrastructure and a lack of agility on the part of the corresponding institutions. There is also pressure exerted on this sector by tourism, which accounts for approximately 40% of employment in two of the islands. As a general conclusion, valorized waste management is proposed, where the use of by-products, such as biogas or compost is implemented in sectors where they can be used, i.e., as electricity, potentially of 19 GWh/year, and agricultural supply, thus promoting recycling and the circular economy in the Canary Islands.
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Karmakar, S., M. Adhikary, A. Gangopadhyay, and K. Brahmachari. "Impact of Vermicomposting in Agricultural Waste Management vis-à-vis Soil Health Care." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 1 (August 24, 2015): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i1.24680.
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Accumulation and putrefaction of various wastes may cause several adverse effects on environment and living organisms including human health. Preparation of vermicompost (organic manure) from various organic wastes will save our environment as a whole; simultaneously organic wastes can also be managed properly. With this background for saving our environment from use of chemical fertilizers through proper management of agricultural wastes, an experiment was carried out in the farmers field at village Bhabanipur, Block Haringhata, District Nadia, West Bengal, India) during the year 2013 2014 with two crops (Rice-kharif/ rainy season and Lentil-rabi/winter season). It has been found that the application of vermicompost showed better result in comparison to chemical fertilizers in terms of soil physical and chemical properties as well as productivity of soil.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 99-104 2015
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Hamudy, Moh Ilham A., and Mujaeni Mujaeni. "The creativity of waste management in Payakumbuh City, West Sumatera." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 34, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v34i12021.58-71.
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Payakumbuh City continues to struggle with its waste management problem despite winning several prestigious Adipura awards. The local government has issued various handling instruments; therefore, it takes practical efforts to deal with it. This study’s objective was to find a solution to the waste problem in Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra. With descriptive methods and qualitative approach, the study found not a few unscrupulous citizens still littering and not complying with the provisions of the disposal time that has been set in Payakumbuh Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2014. Besides including increasing community involvement Payakumbuh City is making several improvements. On the other side, some innovation and creativity were needed to solve the problem. The innovations and creativity were in two aspects: law enforcement and its residents’ involvement, by promoting waste sorting, deployment of biopores, establishing waste banks, plastic waste processing, and composting. The two aspects must be supported by the provision of cross-subsidies for recycled products from the waste banks; facilitation of organic waste management training to the waste bank management community; and the establishment of a regional waste and fertilizer company a synergy between cleanliness, renewable energy, and agriculture.
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Cabrera, Geraldine, Jixiang Li, Abderrahim Maazouz, and Khalid Lamnawar. "A Journey from Processing to Recycling of Multilayer Waste Films: A Review of Main Challenges and Prospects." Polymers 14, no. 12 (June 8, 2022): 2319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122319.
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In a circular economy context with the dual problems of depletion of natural resources and the environmental impact of a growing volume of wastes, it is of great importance to focus on the recycling process of multilayered plastic films. This review is dedicated first to the general concepts and summary of plastic waste management in general, making emphasis on the multilayer films recycling process. Then, in the second part, the focus is dealing with multilayer films manufacturing process, including the most common materials used for agricultural applications, their processing, and the challenges of their recycling, recyclability, and reuse. Hitherto, some prospects are discussed from eco-design to mechanical or chemical recycling approaches.
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Liu, Ying, and Jikun Huang. "Rural domestic waste disposal: an empirical analysis in five provinces of China." China Agricultural Economic Review 6, no. 4 (October 28, 2014): 558–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-05-2013-0076.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the different types of domestic waste disposal in rural China and the major factors that affect rural household waste disposal behavior. Design/methodology/approach – Stratified and randomly sampled household data are used to describe the disposal of domestic waste in rural China, including domestic garbage and organic waste (human excreta, livestock waste, and kitchen waste); econometric models are estimated to quantify the major determinants of household domestic garbage and human excreta disposal. Findings – While about 30 percent of the domestic garbage in 2008 was discharged to appropriately designated places, more than 40 percent of the garbage was discharged casually. Organic waste at the time of data gathering was still largely used in agricultural production, although a falling trend has been evidenced in recent years. Based on econometric analysis, it becomes clear that income growth, rising population density, and transportation improvements have significantly improved domestic garbage disposal, but negatively affected the recycling of human excreta. The provision of an adequate garbage collection service has the most positive effects on garbage management. Originality/value – The analyses are based on primary survey data. The results will have significant policy implications on the management of rural domestic waste to maintain better rural environment.
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Chou, Chih Yen, Ching Jung Chang, Alex Wang, Pei Yao Wu, and Chung Pao Wu. "Cleanup Case Study of Waste Printed Circuit Boards on Illegal Dumping Sites." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2865.
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This paper study was commenced to treat fatal contamination at the Er-Jen River, supplied water for agricultural irrigation, aquaculture and industrial in Kaohsiung and Tainan Area, when the Sixth River Management of Water Resources Agency (WRA) developed the project to build flood embankment. The fatal contamination was throw into the discard by illegal manufacturer which discarded the wastage of printed circuit boards, toxic heavy metal contained sludge, and waste aluminum slag. The treatment project was conducted by Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) on preliminary tests, cleanup planning, and process supervision to ensure contamination removal, flood protection, and landscape improvement. The accumulative volume cleaned and screened on this site reached 45,159 cubic meters, whereas 378.25 tons of waste printed circuit boards, 12,833 tons of toxic heavy metal contained sludge, and 31,000 tons of general industrial wastages. The waste printed circuit boards through stripping/acid washing and screening, there are 334.653 tons valuable (including 0.143 tons of copper and 334.51 tons of wire casting materials) from the recycle extract and 43.597 tons of wastes that were not valuable for reutilize. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests were conducted on the site after cleanup to verify the treatment work successful, because the rate of contamination removal was greater than 90%.
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Chiocchio, Ilaria, Manuela Mandrone, Paola Tomasi, Lorenzo Marincich, and Ferruccio Poli. "Plant Secondary Metabolites: An Opportunity for Circular Economy." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020495.
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Moving toward a more sustainable development, a pivotal role is played by circular economy and a smarter waste management. Industrial wastes from plants offer a wide spectrum of possibilities for their valorization, still being enriched in high added-value molecules, such as secondary metabolites (SMs). The current review provides an overview of the most common SM classes (chemical structures, classification, biological activities) present in different plant waste/by-products and their potential use in various fields. A bibliographic survey was carried out, taking into account 99 research articles (from 2006 to 2020), summarizing all the information about waste type, its plant source, industrial sector of provenience, contained SMs, reported bioactivities, and proposals for its valorization. This survey highlighted that a great deal of the current publications are focused on the exploitation of plant wastes in human healthcare and food (including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food additives). However, as summarized in this review, plant SMs also possess an enormous potential for further uses. Accordingly, an increasing number of investigations on neglected plant matrices and their use in areas such as veterinary science or agriculture are expected, considering also the need to implement “greener” practices in the latter sector.
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Lanno, Marge, Mait Kriipsalu, Merrit Shanskiy, Maidu Silm, and Anu Kisand. "Distribution of Phosphorus Forms Depends on Compost Source Material." Resources 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10100102.
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Composting is a sustainable method for recovering nutrients from various organic wastes, including food waste. Every input waste has different nutrient contents, in turn, suggesting that every compost has different fertilizer and/or soil improvement values. The phosphorus (P) concentration and relative distribution of P forms is related to the original organic material. The relative distribution of P forms determines how readily plants can absorb P from the compost-amended soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the content and relative share of P forms in composts made from fish waste, sewage sludge, green waste, and horse manure. Six forms of P (labile; bound to reducible metals; bound to non-reducible metals; bound to easily degradable organic material; and bound to calcium) were determined using sequential extraction method. The results indicated that fish waste compost had relatively high proportion of labile P, suggesting good biological availability. In comparison, sewage sludge compost contained the highest overall P concentration per dry weight unit, while labile P constituted only 6% of summary of P forms. The results indicate that the evaluation of composts as alternative P sources in agriculture should rely on the relative distribution of P forms in the compost in addition to the typically recognized value of the total P.
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Chaher, Nour El Houda, Abdallah Nassour, Moktar Hamdi, and Michael Nelles. "Monitoring of Food Waste Anaerobic Digestion Performance: Conventional Co-Substrates vs. Unmarketable Biochar Additions." Foods 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 2353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102353.
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This study proposed the selection of cost-effective additives generated from different activity sectors to enhance and stabilize the start-up, as well as the transitional phases, of semi-continuous food waste (FW) anaerobic digestion. The results showed that combining agricultural waste mixtures including wheat straw (WS) and cattle manure (CM) boosted the process performance and generated up to 95% higher methane yield compared to the control reactors (mono-digested FW) under an organic loading rate (OLR) range of 2 to 3 kg VS/m3·d. Whereas R3 amended with unmarketable biochar (UBc), to around 10% of the initial fresh mass inserted, showed a significant process enhancement during the transitional phase, and more particularly at an OLR of 4 kg VS/m3·d, it was revealed that under these experimental conditions, FW reactors including UBc showed an increase of 144% in terms of specific biogas yield (SBY) compared to FW reactors fed with agricultural residue. Hence, both agricultural and industrial waste were efficacious when it came to boosting either FW anaerobic performance or AD effluent quality. Although each co-substrate performed under specific experimental conditions, this feature provides decision makers with diverse alternatives to implement a sustainable organic waste management system, conveying sufficient technical details to draw up appropriate designs for the recovery of various types of organic residue.
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Jeung, Jae Hoon, Woo Jin Chung, and Soon Woong Chang. "Evaluation of Anaerobic Co-Digestion to Enhance the Efficiency of Livestock Manure Anaerobic Digestion." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 14, 2019): 7170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247170.
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In this paper, the anaerobic co-digestion of three different organic wastes, including livestock manure, slaughterhouse waste, and agricultural by-products (ABs), was carried out to enhance the efficiency of mono-digestion of livestock manure. The characteristics of co-digestion were evaluated at different mixing ratios. The experiment was performed using the Batch test and was divided into two parts. The first experimental section (EXP. 1) was designed to evaluate the seasonal characteristics of ABs, which are the different ratios of fruits and vegetables, where the mixing ratio of spring (fruits:vegetables = 3:7) showed the highest biogas yield (0.24 m3/kg volatile solids). The second experiment (EXP. 2) was conducted by using ABs in the ratio that gave the highest biogas yield in EXP. 1 in combinations of three wastes livestock manure, slaughterhouse waste, and ABs. The highest CH4 yield was 0.84 m3/kg volatile solids (VS), which was obtained with a mixing ratio that had even amounts of the three feedstocks. In addition, the results of the second biochemical methane potential test, which assessed the digestive efficiency according to the mixing ratio of the three types of organic waste, showed that the CH4 production rate of the merged digestion was approximately 1.03–1.29 times higher than that of the mono-digestion of livestock manure. The results of our experiment were verified using the modified Gompertz model, the results of which were relatively similar to the experimental results.
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Kasman, Monik, Venny Yusiana, and Hadrah Hadrah. "Klinik Limbah: Pengolahan Limbah Organik Berbasis 3R di Desa Kasang Pudak Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu Kabupaten Muaro Jambi." Jurnal Daur Lingkungan 1, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/daurling.v1i2.15.
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Kasang Pudak Village is located in Kumpeh Ulu District, directly adjacent to Jambi City. Kumpeh Ulu Subdistrict is developed quite rapidly due to the increasing economic and social activities of the urban community, which also influenced the social life of the city of Jambi. The lack of community awareness of the environment and the unavailability of waste management services and TPA (final processing facility) has an impact on environmental conditions in Kasang Pudak Village, Kumpeh Ulu District, Muaro Jambi Regency. By-products from agricultural activities and the capacity of rural community, especially women (mothers – housewives) who can be empowered, are an extraordinary combination of environmental management. Therefore, there needs to be a conjunction for the community to be more concerned on the environment. This community partnership program (PKM) offers an empowerment of the Kasang Pudak Village community through the establishment of a waste clinic community. The waste clinic is a community development forum that offers training programs, education and providing skills and assistance to residents in environmental management, especially waste. The target partners of this service are mothers - housewives who are members of the Kasang Pudak Village environmental care group. The waste clinic in this PKM provides training in the form of material exposure and skills including the introduction of environmental management, training in composting/ fertilizer making, entrepreneurship training and composting competitions. The long-term outcome of PKM is that the independence of mothers and young women in waste management not only improves the quality of the environment but also economic income. The waste clinic activities were able to increase participant’s knowledge and awareness as indicated by the sincerity of participants in waste sorting and composting. As a result of the interim monitoring, residents succeeded in producing compost from household organic waste, and used it for fertilizer plants.
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Jenkins, M. B., M. J. Walker, D. D. Bowman, L. C. Anthony, and W. C. Ghiorse. "Use of a Sentinel System for Field Measurements ofCryptosporidium parvum Oocyst Inactivation in Soil and Animal Waste." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 1998–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.5.1998-2005.1999.
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ABSTRACT A small-volume sentinel chamber was developed to assess the effects of environmental stresses on survival of sucrose-Percoll-purifiedCryptosporidium parvum oocysts in soil and animal wastes. Chambers were tested for their ability to equilibrate with external chemical and moisture conditions. Sentinel oocysts were then exposed to stresses of the external environment that affected their viability (potential infectivity), as indicated by results of a dye permeability assay. Preliminary laboratory experiments indicated that temperatures between 35 and 50°C and decreases in soil water potential (−0.003 to −3.20 MPa) increased oocyst inactivation rates. The effects of two common animal waste management practices on oocyst survival were investigated on three dairy farms in Delaware County, N.Y., within the New York City watershed: (i) piling wastes from dairy youngstock (including neonatal calves) and (ii) spreading wastes as a soil amendment on an agricultural field. Sentinel containers filled with air-dried and sieved (2-mm mesh) youngstock waste or field soil were wetted and inoculated with 2 million oocysts in an aqueous suspension and then placed in waste piles on two different farms and in soil within a cropped field on one farm. Controls consisted of purified oocysts in either phosphate-buffered saline or distilled water contained in sealed microcentrifuge tubes. Two microdata loggers recorded the ambient temperature at each field site. Sentinel experiments were conducted during the fall and winter (1996 to 1997) and winter (1998). Sentinel containers and controls were removed at 2- to 4-week intervals, and oocysts were extracted and tested by the dye permeability assay. The proportions of potentially infective oocysts exposed to the soil and waste pile material decreased more rapidly than their counterpart controls exposed to buffer or water, indicating that factors other than temperature affected oocyst inactivation in the waste piles and soil. The effect of soil freeze-thaw cycles was evident in the large proportion of empty sentinel oocysts. The potentially infective sentinel oocysts were reduced to <1% while the proportions in controls did not decrease below 50% potentially infective during the first field experiment. Microscopic observations of empty oocyst fragments indicated that abrasive effects of soil particles were a factor in oocyst inactivation. A similar pattern was observed in a second field experiment at the same site.
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Qiao, Yinhu, Chunxia He, Chunyan Zhang, Chunxia Jiang, Kechuan Yi, and Feiyue Li. "Comparison of adsorption of biochar from agricultural wastes on methylene blue and Pb2+." BioResources 14, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 9766–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.9766-9780.
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Biochar was prepared from agricultural plant waste, including corn straw (MS), sunflower straw (SS), wheat straw (WS), orange peel (OS), sunflower seed shell (SSS), and chestnut shell (CS) at low temperature in a partially oxygen-limited environment. These biochars were used to adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants. The results showed that biochar having suitable surface area and microporous area could be obtained from the raw materials at 300 °C under partial oxygen limitation. The total porosity of biochar prepared from corn straw (MS) was 92.8%, and the removal of Pb2+ was 78.6 mg/g. The obtained biochar had good adsorption properties for methylene blue and Pb2+ water of different concentrations, and the adsorption performance of biochar prepared from crop straw was better than that of biochar prepared from plant peel. Thus, it was feasible to prepare biochar and to adsorb harmful substances in water through this process. This study promotes the recycling of agricultural wastes and simplifies the preparation of carbon adsorbents.
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Tsai, Wen-Tien. "Turning Food Waste into Value-Added Resources: Current Status and Regulatory Promotion in Taiwan." Resources 9, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9050053.
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Food waste is daily generated in significant amounts around the world, implying the depletion of natural resources and the emergence of environmental pollution issues if discarded without valorization or utilization. In this regard, food waste management poses an important challenge in the circular society. Based on the official statistics and the national laws and regulations database in Taiwan, this study analyzed the on-line reporting amounts of collected food waste since it has been officially designated as one of the mandatory recyclable wastes. Furthermore, the regulatory measures for promoting food waste utilization in Taiwan were addressed to valorize it for the production of value-added resources and also prevent the spread of African swine flu. It showed that the collected amounts of food waste from residential and commercial sectors in Taiwan significantly increased from about 168,600 metric tons in 2003 to the maximal amount (i.e., 834,500 metric tons) in 2012, reflecting the regulatory promulgation and promotional measures. Based on the joint efforts by the central governing authorities (including the Environmental Protection Administration, the Council of Agriculture, and the Ministry of Economic Affairs), this study also examined the regulatory promotions for utilizing food waste as an available resource for the production of value-added resources (i.e., organic fertilizer, pig feed, and bioenergy). Through the central governing authority, local governments, and private recyclers, about 2000 metric tons of food waste in Taiwan was recycled every day, which can not only mitigate the pressure on waste incineration and disposal systems, but also conform to the trends of environmental sustainability and circular bioeconomy. Therefore, the Taiwan government is currently supporting the establishment of anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting plants for turning food waste into organic fertilizers and biogas-to-electricity because they have been evaluated as the best options of food waste valorization.
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Shestakova, Anna, Svetlana Timorshina, and Alexander Osmolovskiy. "Biodegradation of Keratin-Rich Husbandry Waste as a Path to Sustainable Agriculture." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 8691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168691.
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Every year, the size of the human population grows; with it, the need for agricultural products increases. This leads to an increment in the volume of waste, including hard-to-degrade keratin-rich ones, such as feathers. Currently, most of the agro-industrial complex protein by-products are utilized by incineration, landfilling, and chemical hydrolysis. Such methods do not meet modern trends in the development of a sustainable economy, negatively affecting the environment and humans, and preventing the reusing of waste. An alternative is biodegradation, which consists of the application of living organisms and their enzymes to recycle by-products. This approach is not only sustainable, but also makes it possible to obtain products of waste hydrolysis that are in demand for the manufacture of fertilizers and feed additives. This brings the development of agriculture closer to a circular economy and makes the recycling process more profitable. This review article emphasizes the significance of keratinolytic microorganisms and keratinases for the improvement of green methods for processing hard-to-degrade protein waste of the agro-industrial complex, which is necessary for sustainable economic development.
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Farji-Brener, Alejandro G., Luciana Elizalde, Hermógenes Fernández-Marín, and Sabrina Amador-Vargas. "Social life and sanitary risks: evolutionary and current ecological conditions determine waste management in leaf-cutting ants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1831 (May 25, 2016): 20160625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0625.
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Adequate waste management is vital for the success of social life, because waste accumulation increases sanitary risks in dense societies. We explored why different leaf-cutting ants (LCA) species locate their waste in internal nest chambers or external piles, including ecological context and accounting for phylogenetic relations. We propose that waste location depends on whether the environmental conditions enhance or reduce the risk of infection. We obtained the geographical range, habitat and refuse location of LCA from published literature, and experimentally determined whether pathogens on ant waste survived to the high soil temperatures typical of xeric habitats. The habitat of the LCA determined waste location after phylogenetic correction: species with external waste piles mainly occur in xeric environments, whereas those with internal waste chambers mainly inhabit more humid habitats. The ancestral reconstruction suggests that dumping waste externally is less derived than digging waste nest chambers. Empirical results showed that high soil surface temperatures reduce pathogen prevalence from LCA waste. We proposed that LCA living in environments unfavourable for pathogens (i.e. xeric habitats) avoid digging costs by dumping the refuse above ground. Conversely, in environments suitable for pathogens, LCA species prevent the spread of diseases by storing waste underground, presumably, a behaviour that contributed to the colonization of humid habitats. These results highlight the adaptation of organisms to the hygienic challenges of social living, and illustrate how sanitary behaviours can result from a combination of evolutionary history and current environmental conditions.
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ilinsky, Andrey, Andrey Matveev, and Konstantin Evsenkin. "INFORMATION WEB-SYSTEM FOR MAKING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS TO INCREASE SOIL PRODUCTIVITY OF RECLAIMED AGRICULTURAL LANDS." Melioration and Water Management 2021, no. 5 (September 14, 2022): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32962/0235-2524-2021-5-15-18.
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Based on the results of the experimental studies, an information and reference Web-system has been developed, including a database that allows you to enter, store, find and analyze information on ways to increase the soil fertility of degraded reclaimed agricultural land and low-productivity lands involved in agricultural circulation using biocompost based on the processing of organic waste. This software allows you to make scientifically based and timely decisions to restore fertility and in-crease soil productivity.
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Bhuvaneshwari, S., Hiroshan Hettiarachchi, and Jay Meegoda. "Crop Residue Burning in India: Policy Challenges and Potential Solutions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 7, 2019): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050832.
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India, the second largest agro-based economy with year-round crop cultivation, generates a large amount of agricultural waste, including crop residues. In the absence of adequate sustainable management practices, approximately 92 seems a very small number of metric tons of crop waste is burned every year in India, causing excessive particulate matter emissions and air pollution. Crop residue burning has become a major environmental problem causing health issues as well as contributing to global warming. Composting, biochar production and mechanization are a few effective sustainable techniques that can help to curtail the issue while retaining the nutrients present in the crop residue in the soil. The government of India has attempted to curtail this problem, through numerous measures and campaigns designed to promote sustainable management methods such as converting crop residue into energy. However, the alarming rise of air pollution levels caused by crop residue burning in the city of Delhi and other northern areas in India observed in recent years, especially in and after the year of 2015, suggest that the issues is not yet under control. The solution to crop residue burning lies in the effective implementation of sustainable management practices with Government interventions and policies. This manuscript addresses the underlying technical as well as policy issues that has prevented India from achieving a long-lasting solution and also potential solutions that have been overlooked. However, effective implementation of these techniques also requires us to look at other socioeconomic aspects that had not been considered. This manuscript also discusses some of the policy considerations and functionality based on the analyses and current practices. The agricultural waste sector can benefit immensely from some of the examples from other waste sectors such as the municipal solid waste (MSW) and wastewater management where collection, segregation, recycling and disposal are institutionalized to secure an operational system. Active stakeholder involvement including education and empowerment of farmers along with technical solutions and product manufacturing can also assist tremendously. Even though the issue of crop residue burning touches many sectors, such as environment, agriculture, economy, social aspects, education, and energy, the past governmental efforts mainly revolved around agriculture and energy. This sectorial thinking is another barrier that needs to be broken. The government of India as well as governments of other developing countries can benefit from the emerging concept of nexus thinking in managing environmental resources. Nexus thinking promotes a higher-level integration and higher level of stakeholder involvement that goes beyond the disciplinary boundaries, providing a supporting platform to solve issues such as crop residue burning.
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Holian, V. A., and N. V. Medynska. "Institutionalization of the Economic Mechanism of Resource Conservation and Energy Efficient Environmental Management at the Level of Amalhamated Territorial Communities." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 4, no. 50 (2021): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2021-4-211-216.
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The authors prove that decentralization of power and local governance reform have necessitated the reconsideration of the priorities in the rational environmental management, including resource conservation and energy efficiency at the level of amalhamated territorial communities (ATCs). Thus, it becomes necessary to transform the existing control system over the economic development of natural resource potential and environmental protection. It is substantiated that in the situation when new energy indicators are being implemented, numerous problems become mainstream, e.g. increase in the energy production output from renewable sources, e.g. solid and gaseous fuel on the basis of waste disposal. It is proved that the effective implementation of waste disposal projects is possible provided that the economic mechanism of resource conservation and energy efficiency is institutionalized at the level of ATC, which will provide budgetary, fiscal and credit prerequisites to increase financial support for modern waste management industry. The research carries out shows that in 2007–2021, the dynamics of the real volume of local budget expenditures on waste disposal has been declining, due to the lack of interest among local authorities in financing resource conservation and energy efficiency projects. It is established that the achievement of positive results in the financing of waste disposal directly depends on pooling part of the rent for the special use of natural resources and environmental tax in special funds within local budgets. It is substantiated that targeting natural resources and environmental payments accumulated in local government budgets will increase funding for waste disposal, thus increasing the use of the material substance of household waste and waste from agricultural and forestry production to produce solid and gaseous fuel. It is proved that the state should provide incentives for local governments to enhance resource conservation and energy efficiency based on waste disposal due to participation in financing and indirect promotion of such projects.
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Zubaid, Ahmad, Anif Rizqianti Hariz, and Erna Wijayanti. "Pengembangan “MeLea Bionik” (Media Leaflet Bioentrepreneurship Hidroponik) untuk Memotivasi Generasi Milenial dalam menghadapi Keterbatasan Lahan di Kota Semarang." Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v14i2.5713.
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Hydroponics based on bio-entrepreneurship is one of the efforts to protect environmental pollution by utilizing waste into a high use value, one of which is the use of plastic waste as a hydroponic growing medium. This study aims to develop a bioentrepreneurship-based hydroponic leaflet to increase the millennial generation's motivation towards agriculture by utilizing the development of Agricultural Science and Technology through the wick hydroponic system. The method used is five ADDIE paths, namely: Analysis Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The results of the overall validity test data analysis conducted on media expert lecturers obtained a percentage of 70.7%, including the appropriate category. The conclusion of this research is that the development of MeLea Bionic (Media Leaflet Bioentrepreneurship Hydroponics) is appropriate to be used as a reference for making hydroponics to motivate the millennial generation in facing limited land in the city of Semarang.
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Bryukhanov, A. Yu, E. V. Vasilev, E. V. Shalavina, and R. A. Uvarov. "Methods for Solving Environmental Problems in Livestock and Poultry Farming." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 13, no. 4 (October 3, 2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2019-13-4-32-37.
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In the Northwestern Federal District, the main agricultural source of environmental pollution is the disposal of organic waste (manure and litter), which accounts for a risk of 85 percent. The problem of ensuring environmental safety requires appropriate solutions based on modern intelligent machine technologies, means of monitoring and controlling technological processes of organic waste disposal. (Research purpose) To provide rationale for combined methods of solving environmental problems in animal and poultry farming. (Materials and methods) The authors studied the environmental impact of machine technologies used in livestock and poultry farming. The studies were carried out by assessing environmental risks and the sustainability of agroecosystems, applying methods and techniques for assessing the best available technologies, and studying the main prospects of developing intelligent digital technologies. (Results and discussion) The authors have identified the main methods of solving the environmental problems associated with large farm enterprises, including the calculation, design and system operation of the best available technologies for agricultural production. They have proposed a technical tool in the form of a bioreactor for the disposal of organic waste, capable of reducing manure and litter processing period in 60 times and providing automated flow and process control with online registration of production and environmental indicators. They have described an intelligent system for monitoring and utilizing organic waste, including a conceptual framework for establishing modular centers for deep processing. (Conclusions) The authors have proved that the implementation of modern methods for ensuring effective and environmentally safe agricultural production requires the establishing of experimental plot sites for complex research and demonstration of a “machine technology – monitoring – management” system. It has been proposed that a site of the VIM agrobiotechnological cluster should be established at a pilot livestock complex enterprise in the Leningrad Region. The authors have identified promising areas of research to ensure the transition of agricultural production to a new technological structure that implements the principles of Smart Farming to provide for the disposal of at least 510 million tons of agricultural organic waste a year.
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Fendel, Veronika, Claudia Maurer, Martin Kranert, Jingjing Huang, and Benjamin Schäffner. "The Potential of the Co-Recycling of Secondary Biodegradable Household Resources Including Wild Plants to Close Nutrient and Carbon Cycles in Agriculture in Germany." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 5277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095277.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential for conserving natural resources (fossil resources, mineral fertilizer, fertile soil and biodiversity) with alternative circular concepts in order to contribute to the achievement of global sustainability goals. This study examines the potential contribution of substituting conventional products for three alternative circular economy concepts. This includes the household resources black water, kitchen and green waste for the production of design fertilizer, plant charcoal, biopolymers (concept 1) and biogas (concept 2), as well as the combination of household kitchen waste with wild plants for the production of biogas (concept 3). For evaluation, literature values were combined with analyzed parameters of input streams and biogas tests. The production and consumption values determined all relate to the functional unit of a person and year in Germany. Concept 1 has the highest potential for substitution in terms of the amount of recycled products. Co-recycling of organic household waste can account for 20% of NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) mineral fertilizer, 19% of plastic consumption and 11% as a soil improving measure in soils in agriculture that are at risk of degradation. Concept 2 has the potential to contribute 12% of the final energy consumption in private households, which is an alternative solution regarding energy recovery due to the extensive practical experience. The joint recycling generates 141 kWh without, and 174 kWh with, fermentable green waste. If 75%, by weight, of fresh wild plants are added to the kitchen waste in concept 3, a wild plant area of 5 m2 is required, which could replace 41% of the biogas corn area, which is concept 3. This mix generates 193 kWh with the potential to reach 78% of corn energy production. The share of wild plants in kitchen waste of 50 or 25% by weight has the potential to achieve 115 or 104% of the corn energy yield, which is a promising concept for rural areas regarding energy recovery from an ecological point of view. The results show a considerable contribution potential of household resources in alternative cycle concepts to increase resource efficiency, and indirectly to diversify the agricultural landscape.
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Mihai, Florin-Constantin, Sedat Gündoğdu, Laura A. Markley, Arianna Olivelli, Farhan R. Khan, Claire Gwinnett, Jutta Gutberlet, et al. "Plastic Pollution, Waste Management Issues, and Circular Economy Opportunities in Rural Communities." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010020.
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Rural areas are exposed to severe environmental pollution issues fed by industrial and agricultural activities combined with poor waste and sanitation management practices, struggling to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in line with Agenda 2030. Rural communities are examined through a “dual approach” as both contributors and receivers of plastic pollution leakage into the natural environment (through the air–water–soil–biota nexus). Despite the emerging trend of plastic pollution research, in this paper, we identify few studies investigating rural communities. Therefore, proxy analysis of peer-reviewed literature is required to outline the significant gaps related to plastic pollution and plastic waste management issues in rural regions. This work focuses on key stages such as (i) plastic pollution effects on rural communities, (ii) plastic pollution generated by rural communities, (iii) the development of a rural waste management sector in low- and middle-income countries in line with the SDGs, and (iv) circular economy opportunities to reduce plastic pollution in rural areas. We conclude that rural communities must be involved in both future plastic pollution and circular economy research to help decision makers reduce environmental and public health threats, and to catalyze circular initiatives in rural areas around the world, including less developed communities.
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Lisanty, Nina, Nugraheni Hadiyanti, Risma Ari Prayitno, and Rachmad Chairul Huda. "Pengolahan Limbah Dapur Menjadi Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) untuk Aplikasi Pertanian Lahan Pekarangan di Kecamatan Pace dan Ngronggot Kabupaten Nganjuk." JATIMAS : Jurnal Pertanian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jatimas.v1i2.2090.
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Materials for producing organic fertilizers are abundant around the house, cheap, and easy to reach. Various kitchen and household organic wastes can be processed into fertilizer, including vegetable waste, skin and fruit residue, food waste, and agricultural and livestock waste. Although farmers can make their organic fertilizers from various natural ingredients, expert assistance is needed for fertilizer production with more consistent results. Provision of knowledge about the essential elements of plant needs that a variety of natural ingredients can represent can increase the ability to produce quality organic fertilizers. The community service team at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kadiri University, took the initiative to introduce the management of kitchen waste into organic fertilizer, its functions, its advantages, its production, and its application on land or planting media to partner communities: farmers and their families in Nganjuk Regency. The partner community welcomed it well. Not only did they directly benefit from this training, but also this community service project contributed to the closer partnership between community members and between communities and higher education institutions for sustainable development.Bahan untuk pembuatan pupuk organik tersedia melimpah di sekitar rumah, murah, dan mudah dijangkau. Beragam limbah organik dapur dan rumah tangga dapat diolah menjadi pupuk termasuk sisa sayuran, kulit dan sisa buah, limbah makanan, dan limbah pertanian serta peternakan. Meski petani dapat membuat sendiri pupuk organik dari beragam bahan alami, pendampingan ahli diperlukan untuk produksi pupuk yang hasilnya lebih konsisten. Pembekalan pengetahuan tentang elemen penting kebutuhan tanaman yang dapat diwakili oleh beragam bahan alami tadi dapat meningkatkan kemampuan produksi pupuk organik berkualitas. Tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Kadiri berinisiasi untuk melakukan introduksi pengelolaan sampah dapur menjadi pupuk organik, fungsinya, keuntungan penggunaannya, cara pembuatan, dan aplikasinya di lahan atau media tanam kepada masyarakat mitra, petani dan keluarga tani di Kabupaten Nganjuk. Masyarakat mitra menyambutnya dengan baik, tidak hanya mereka memperoleh manfaat langsung dari pelatihan ini, namun juga proyek pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berkontribusi terhadap semakin eratnya kemitraan antar warga masyarakat dan antara warga dan institusi pendidikan tinggi untuk pembangunan berkelanjutan.
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Ahmed, Osumanu H., M. H. A. Husni, A. R. Anuar, and M. M. Hanafi. "Towards Sustainable Use of Potassium in Pineapple Waste." Scientific World JOURNAL 4 (2004): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.199.
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Due to the 1997/98 haze problem in South-East Asia and the increasing need for sustainable food production and development, the usual management of crop residues (including pineapple wastes) through burning is prohibited. As a result, the need for alternative uses of pineapple wastes in pineapple production has been emphasized. This study investigated an environmentally friendly means of recycling pineapple leaves for agricultural use. Pineapple leaves were shredded and composted in a composting drum for 30 days. Part of the shredded leaves was ashed in a muffle furnace for 4 h. Humic acid (HA), K-fulvate, and K in HA and compost were analyzed using standard procedures. An ash to water ratio of 1:7 was used to extract 0.1 molar (M) KOH from the shredded leaves. The 0.1 M KOH contained 50% K and was able to extract 20% HA from the composted pineapple leaves. Percent K in the fulvate using 0.1 M KOH was 43. Besides serving as a foliar spray (supplement soil application K fertilizers), source of K for freshwater fish (e.g., tilapia), the HA produced can be used as a soil conditioner. Studies show that between 0.050–01 g of HA per kg soil retards runoff by 36% in sandy and sandy loam soils. The K-fulvate can be used as a fluid fertilizer. In addition, the pH of 2 of the K-fulvate suggests it could be used to dissolve phosphate rocks, particularly those in the arid regions where high soil pH does not facilitate the dissolution of these important rocks that serve as one of the sources of phosphorus fertilizer in agriculture.
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Sumardianto, Nugroho, and Suherman Suherman. "Development of Organic Fertilizer in a Livestock Business as an Alternative of Cow Manure Management Strategy." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 07019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187307019.
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As a result of the growing population of Indonesia from year to year will affect the security of national food stocks. Demand for various types of foodstuffs will continue to increase, including beef. The growth of beef consumption per capita of Indonesian society tends to increase. During the last five years (2013-2017) the national beef cattle population shows positive growth, continuing to increase by an average of 1.54% per year. The growth of large-scale cattle farms has an impact on increasing the amount of livestock waste. The challenge of developing livestock sub-sector is to increase meat production and reduce the risk to the environment. Various kinds of waste management can be applied to livestock business before being released into the environment. Conventional end-of-pipe treatment strategies are being shifted to more profitable strategies. The processing of cattle dung manure into organic fertilizer through composting technology becomes one of the favorable alternatives. Composting is an effective method of recycling abundant livestock wastes into products that are stable, sterile, and agriculturally useful. Some technological advances in composting are essential to be applied in compensating for the production rate of cattle manure.
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Rathore, Dheeraj, and Ratan Singh. "Carbon and Ecological Footprint of Textile Industry: Application of R3 Strategy to Mitigate the Environmental Effects of Textile Processing Waste." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 02 (April 30, 2019): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i02.11.
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The carbon footprint reflects the greenhouse gases (GHGs) generated throughout the life cycle of a human activity or product, and is therefore an important tool for assessing and managing GHGs emissions. Ecological footprint display the impact assesments of waste managments process of any industry, as it generates very harmful products in the environment. However, it needs attention to use advanced technology to mentain the equllibrium of carbon and ecological footprint of textile industry. Presented review comprises the carbon and ecological foot prints of textile effluents and 3R strategy for their possible balance. 3R strategy i.e. reduce, recycle and reuse were discussed in terms of carbon reduction through transport management, and waste management generated from textile industries including nutritional value of textile sludge and effluent for agricultural use.