Academic literature on the topic 'Waste management (including agricultural waste)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Waste management (including agricultural waste)"
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Zargaran Khouzani, Mohammad Reza, and Zahra Dehghani Ghahfarokhi. "Evaluation of Agricultural Waste Management Mechanism in Iran." Industrial and Domestic Waste Management 2, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/idwm.v2i2.112.
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The unfavourable situation of waste management in Iran can be seen in different sectors, and agriculture is not excluded from these sectors. The wastes of the agricultural industry can be used in a beneficial way in various agricultural applications and other industrial processes. However, the cost of collection, processing, and transportation can be much higher than the income from the beneficial use of such waste. Incineration of crop residues creates numerous environmental problems. The most important side effects of burning crop residues include the emission of greenhouse gases that lead to global warming, air pollution, and things like soil degradation, loss of soil fertility, loss of beneficial microorganisms, intensification of soil erosion, etc. In the current research, which is a review based on library sources, the mechanism of agricultural waste management in Iran has been evaluated. There are other consequences of such actions. The criteria for action are laws regarding the burning of product residues in Iran, the most important of which are the Waste Management Law and the Clean Air Law. Among these methods are sustainable management methods for product residues, including compost production, biochar production, and waste management at the production site.
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Varghese, Sandhya Alice, Harikrishnan Pulikkalparambil, Khwanchat Promhuad, Atcharawan Srisa, Yeyen Laorenza, Lerpong Jarupan, Tarinee Nampitch, Vanee Chonhenchob, and Nathdanai Harnkarnsujarit. "Renovation of Agro-Waste for Sustainable Food Packaging: A Review." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030648.
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Waste management in the agricultural sector has become a major concern. Increased food production to satisfy the surge in population has resulted in the generation of large volumes of solid waste. Agro-waste is a rich source of biocompounds with high potential as a raw material for food packaging. Utilization of agro-waste supports the goal of sustainable development in a circular economy. This paper reviews recent trends and the development of agro-wastes from plant and animal sources into eco-friendly food packaging systems. Different plant and animal sources and their potential development into packaging are discussed, including crop residues, process residues, vegetable and fruit wastes, and animal-derived wastes. A comprehensive analysis of the properties and production methods of these packages is presented. Future aspects of agro-waste packaging systems and the inherent production problems are addressed.
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CHARDON, X., C. RAISON, A. LE GALL, T. MORVAN, and P. FAVERDIN. "Fumigene: a model to study the impact of management rules and constraints on agricultural waste allocation at the farm level." Journal of Agricultural Science 146, no. 5 (September 9, 2008): 521–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608008034.
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SUMMARYIn France, many dairy farms plan the allocation of animal wastes to the fields of the farm at the beginning of every year. This decision is complex, because many factors must be taken into account at the field and farm scales, including increasingly constraining environmental regulations. To evaluate the environmental impact of waste allocation strategies, these strategies have to be translated into consistent decisions. The objective of the current study was to reproduce the decisions made by farmers, in a wide range of contexts. For this purpose, a linear programming model that could help in generating yearly waste allocations was developed. The model, called Fumigene, takes into account the farmer's preferences and environmental, agronomic and feasibility constraints. It was applied on two case farms and the simulated waste allocations were compared to those chosen by the farmers over periods of 3 and 4 years, respectively. The evaluation showed that the waste allocations generated by the model were consistent with the strategies of the farmers. Fumigene was then used in investigating the impact of taking into account the phosphorus (P) fertilization constraints instead of only the nitrogen constraints. In the case studied, balancing P fertilization over 5 years led to small changes in waste allocation. Balancing P fertilization every year caused bigger changes and led to export of a part of the wastes. In a general way, Fumigene can be coupled with environmental evaluation tools to compare the impacts of different waste allocation strategies.
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Budžaki, Sandra, Natalija Velić, Marta Ostojčić, Marija Stjepanović, Blanka Bilić Rajs, Zita Šereš, Nikola Maravić, Jovana Stanojev, Volker Hessel, and Ivica Strelec. "Waste Management in the Agri-Food Industry: The Conversion of Eggshells, Spent Coffee Grounds, and Brown Onion Skins into Carriers for Lipase Immobilization." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030409.
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One of the major challenges in sustainable waste management in the agri-food industry following the “zero waste” model is the application of the circular economy strategy, including the development of innovative waste utilization techniques. The conversion of agri-food waste into carriers for the immobilization of enzymes is one such technique. Replacing chemical catalysts with immobilized enzymes (i.e., immobilized/heterogeneous biocatalysts) could help reduce the energy efficiency and environmental sustainability problems of existing chemically catalysed processes. On the other hand, the economics of the process strongly depend on the price of the immobilized enzyme. The conversion of agricultural and food wastes into low-cost enzyme carriers could lead to the development of immobilized enzymes with desirable operating characteristics and subsequently lower the price of immobilized enzymes for use in biocatalytic production. In this context, this review provides insight into the possibilities of reusing food industry wastes, namely, eggshells, coffee grounds, and brown onion skins, as carriers for lipase immobilization.
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Sladkova, N. A. "Regulatory Changes to Livestock Waste." Legal regulation in veterinary medicine, no. 3 (October 18, 2022): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2022.3.14.
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This article discusses the features of the application of new requirements in the field of animal waste management. From March 2023, a number of new provisions in the legislation come into force, which contribute to the transfer of animal waste from the jurisdiction of the environmental area to a new industry for the management of animal by-products.The adopted changes are aimed at increasing the efficiency of involving livestock by-products in agricultural production, including to ensure the reproduction of the fertility of agricultural land, and should help reduce the administrative burden on agricultural producers.However, the introduced norms in a number of cases leave the dual position of animal husbandry waste, keeping the requirements of environmental legislation regarding them as production and consumption waste.
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Shehzadi, Saira, M. Azhar Ali, M. Usman Farid, and M. Kashif. "DESIGNING, FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL COMPOSTER FOR ECONOMICAL BIOWASTE MANAGEMENT." Engineering Heritage Journal 5, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/gwk.02.2021.53.57.
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In the last few years, the rapid increase of human population are creating many environmental problems because of intensification of human activities. A huge amount of wastes are generated from industries including food and agriculture industries. It is essential to protect the natural resources. It can be done with best management practices of agriculture waste in future Composting is the best method to handle the food, agricultural and industrial waste. The main objective of this research is the design and fabrication of an indigenous composter to conserve the agriculture waste. Composter structure is based on two shells. One is inner shells which is having diameter of 48 inches and outer shell having diameter of 52 inches. Between these two shells heat in the form of steam is circulated to give high temperature for pasteurization of compost. Raw material is added in the inner shell. Two gears are attached with this composter structure. One is driving gear which is also small gear attached with motor. Other one is larger gear which is adjusted according to our desire RPM requirement. Larger gear further rotates the shaft present in the inner shell of composter. Gear motor is used having the power of 3355 Watt Watt. Material used for this composter was mild steel. A boiler was attached to this composter to flow the steam in outer shell of composter. Agriculture waste considered for this research corn straw waste. The analysis have been done in a composter for compost effecting parameters. The effect of three independent parameters pressure, RPM and feeding rate was analyzed on the composting time of waste. Results indicated that increase in the RPM the time of composting also increase because of oxygen cannot consumed fully at higher RPM. Whereas the increase in feeding rate decrease the time of composting because the greater number of microbial activities generated in the composting process and compost prepared in less time. In case of pressure, higher the pressure the time of composting decreases because at higher pressure the time rise quickly and thermophilic conditions occurs quickly. At RPM 12 and feeding rate 15kg in 62.89± 2.26 time compost was prepared it was the least time as compare to others. At 10 RPM and 1 bar pressure composting time notice was 65.33±2.60. In combination of feeding rate and pressure, at feeding rate 15kg and pressure 0.5 bar least time noticed 63.00± 2.35.
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Dereszewska, Alina, and Stanisław Cytawa. "PROCESSING OF AGRO-WASTES IN THE LIGHT OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 6 (January 10, 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7903.
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The article discusses the procedures of agricultural waste management in the context of the principle of maximum closed loop for organic compounds. The concept of regional agro-waste economy is presented taking into account existing technological solutions including agricultural biogas plants as well as biogas plants located at sewage treatment plants. The biogas potential for agricultural waste co-fermented with primary sludge of the ‘Swarzewo’ wastewater treatment plant was estimated.
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Amran, Muhammad Azri, Kishneth Palaniveloo, Rosmadi Fauzi, Nurulhuda Mohd Satar, Taznim Begam Mohd Mohidin, Gokula Mohan, Shariza Abdul Razak, Mirushan Arunasalam, Thilahgavani Nagappan, and Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan. "Value-Added Metabolites from Agricultural Waste and Application of Green Extraction Techniques." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 16, 2021): 11432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011432.
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The agricultural sector generates approximately 1300 million tonnes of waste annually, where up to 50% comprising of raw material are discarded without treatment. Economic development and rising living standards have increased the quantity and complexity of waste generated resulting in environmental, health and economic issues. This calls for a greener waste management system such as valorization or recovery of waste into products. For successful implementation, social acceptance is an essential component with involvement of all local stakeholders including community to learn and understand the process and objective of the implementation. The agricultural waste product manufacturing industry is expected to increase with the growing demand for organic food. Thus, proper livestock and crop waste management is vital for environmental protection. It will be essential to successfully convert waste into a sustainable product that is reusable and circulated in the system in line with the green concept of circular economy. This review identifies the commercially produced crops by-product that have been considered for valorization and implemented green extraction for recovery. We highlight the importance of social acceptance and the economic value to agricultural waste recycling. Successful implementation of these technologies will overcome current waste management problems, reduce environmental impacts of landfills, and sustainability issue for farm owners.
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Mohd Khalif, Saldatul As Wani, Nurul Zahidah Nordin, and Nadiawati Alias. "Identification and characterization of potential compost degrading bacteria from agro-waste." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n1.1924.
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Agricultural industry plays a significant role in the global economic growth. It is estimated more than 15% of total waste in Asia are contributed by agro waste. Bacteria is known as one of the useful organisms actively found to surround the waste industry. They are considered as chemical decomposers and act as driving agent of composting that changes the chemistry of organic waste to simple compounds. Thus, this study was conducted to isolate and identify potential compostdegrading bacteria from agriculture waste at several sampling areas in Besut district, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 49 bacteria strains were isolated using Tryptic Soya Agar (TSA) from seven groups of raw agro wastes (paddy husk, paddy straw, paddy soil, rock melon waste, rock melon soil, corn waste, and corn soil). Primary screening for potential enzyme production was carried out using selective media containing different substrates (sucrose, xylan, starch, skim milk, and pectin). Only 13 bacterial strains were found positive for protease, nine bacteria strains positive for xylanase, and three bacteria strains were found positive for amylase. Identification of bacteria strains were performed using phenotypic, biochemical tests, and genotypic approaches by 16S rRNA gene sequence. Based on NCBI BLAST analysis, we have identified several bacteria strains: Bacillus cereus (strain B), Alcaligenes faecalis (strain C), Micrococcus sp. (strain D), Pseudomonas stutzeri (strain E), Enterobacter cloacae (strain G), and Serratia marcescens (strain J). Strain F and strain H were identified under distinct family of Enterobacteriaceae, while strain I was identified from Pseudomonadeles order which might represent a new type of proteobacteria strain. These potential waste degrading bacteria could be further analyzed and studies for their true potential in many areas including agriculture and industrial waste management as an approach to reduce waste accumulation in eco-friendly way.
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El Hage, Maria, Hiba N. Rajha, Zoulikha Maache-Rezzoug, Mohamed Koubaa, and Nicolas Louka. "Intensification of Bioethanol Production from Different Lignocellulosic Biomasses, Induced by Various Pretreatment Methods: An Updated Review." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 6912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196912.
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While world energy demand has certainly decreased with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the need has been significantly on the rise since 2021, all as the world’s fossil fuel resources are depleting; it is widely accepted that these resources emit greenhouse gases (GHG), which are the leading cause for the climate crisis. The main contributors to global warming are manufacturing, energy, and agriculture. The agricultural sector is composed of diversified and potential mobilizable sources of waste which can become an attractive alternative to fossil fuels for energy production, and thus sequester and use carbon. Therefore, a paradigm shift towards more sustainable energy alternatives, efficient waste management, and new technologies is necessary. One good solution is the energetic valorization of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) which can also originate from agricultural wastes. The biomass consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are sources of fermentable sugars that can be used for bioethanol production. However, the recovery of sugars requires the pretreatment of LCB before enzymatic hydrolysis, due to its inaccessible molecular structure. Different pretreatment technologies, including acid and alkaline pretreatments for selected biomasses (such as hemp, rice straw, corn straw, sugarcane bagasse, and wheat straw) are discussed and compared. Therefore, this review highlights the potential of agricultural waste as a renewable resource for energy production.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Waste management (including agricultural waste)"
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Stephenson, Gregg T. "The Effects of Agricultural Waste-Based Compost Amendments in Organic Pest Management." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2042.
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Soil-borne pests and pathogens, such as Verticillium dahliae, can devastate a wide range of annual and perennial crops. Current management options for organic production are limited and sustainable management of pathogens, weeds, and arthropods is important for staying profitable and reducing the use of harmful chemicals. Organic soil amendments play an important role in supplying some of the nutritional needs of vegetable crops and improving soil structure, while also contributing to pest control. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of grape and olive-based composts on soil pathogen load, arthropod communities, and weed biomass and diversity. Field experiments were conducted in both organic and conventionally grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) systems during the summer growing season of 2018 on the Cal Poly campus in San Luis Obispo, California. Four different organic amendment treatments were tested including: olive based compost, grape based compost, dairy manure compost, and plant waste compost. Abundance of the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae was assessed from composite soil samples collected at several time points throughout the growing season. Olive, grape, and plant waste composts all displayed significant reduction of V. dahliae abundance between two to eight weeks post application of treatment when compared to the control. Insufficient evidence was found correlating farm management type with V. dahliae abundance after adjusting for treatment and time. Total dry weed biomass was assessed after one month of unhindered growth. The organic amendments tested appeared to alter weed species composition but not overall biomass though no significant differences were found. The soil arthropods symphylans and collembolans were sampled throughout the growing season, significant trends in population were found over time but not across treatments. This research demonstrates how agricultural waste-based compost amendments have potential as tools in pest management.
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Torr, Leigh Christine. "Applications of dairy wastewater as a fertilizer to agricultural land : an environmental management perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1641.
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Thesis (MSc (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.As with any form of intensive agriculture, there are potential environmental impacts associated with the management and housing of livestock on dairy farms. Within the field of dairy farming, particular focus falls to the issue of environmental degradation of water resources, as this form of pollution is currently a major environmental issue around the world. Conventional agricultural practices involving the application of chemical fertilizers to land and crops are causing environmental problems as a result of poor management practices. Dairy wastewater and manures could however be a valuable resource for agricultural producers in the form of an alternate fertilizer for their crops. Waste application as a fertilizer is more environmentally friendly than chemical fertilizers, and could drastically reduce costs for farmers, whilst alleviating storage and management problems often associated with farmyard manures (FYM). The application of organic wastes, notably livestock manures, to land has historically been important for maintaining soil fertility on farms in terms of nutrient status and organic matter levels, as well as helping to reduce soil erosion and improve waterholding capacity. The research sought to investigate the environmental and economical feasibility of using dairy wastewater and manures as an alternative form of fertilizer within agriculture in South Africa.
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Kwaw-Mensah, David. "Perceptions of agricultural extension educators regarding livestock waste management education in the North Central Region." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Vaz, Sílvia Liliana de Seixas. "Caracterização e diagnóstico da situação relativa à gestão dos resíduos sólidos de origem agrícola no concelho de Vila Franca de Xira." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5350.
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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThis paper presents a critical analysis of the agricultural solid waste management, taking as case study the county of Vila Franca de Xira. In order to support this analysis we present the literature review and the contacts with public and private entities and organizations with an interest in the present work. It is made a brief introduction to clarify the reasons that explain the genesis of the problem of waste in general and the agricultural waste in particular and the importance of its managing. It is also mentioned the main problems raised by wastes in the environment, its management, and the main solutions adopted for each of these wastes. It is presented the legislation and institutional framework for the wastes of agricultural sources, indicating the documents and entities involved in waste management. For the case study, it was characterized the county in general and justified the decision to limit the analysis to the Lezíria Grande de Vila Franca de Xira. The data related to waste management in the area and a critical analysis of the actual situation, including suggestions for intervention in the management of agricultural waste that may help to improve the current situation.
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Hammond, Leslie. "Nutrient Availability and Dynamics of Compost Bedded Pack Dairy Barn Waste." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/68.
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Increased adoption of compost bedded pack dairy barns (CBP), a relatively new housing and manure handling strategy, warrants study to facilitate proper use of CBP waste as a soil amendment. This study: 1) characterized in situ nutrient content and availability of CBP waste in terms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P); 2) examined the decomposition of surface-applied CBP waste compared to an alternative processed solid waste amendment; 3) examined nutrient dynamics of incorporated CBP waste in high and low soil test phosphorus (STP) environments. Quick anaerobic mineralization assays revealed that bed management affects nutrient content and availability of CBP waste. A Fall surface-applied litter bag study showed that different particle sizes of CBP waste and a biosolid decomposed at similar rates. The biosolid had greater nutrient density and availability, but the decomposition was similar to CBP waste in terms of mineralization dynamics. Aerobic mineralization of CBP waste in high and low STP soils amended on a uniform P basis was compared with fresh manure. In general, CBP increased STP more and yielded more plant available P than fresh manure. These studies provide recommendations for CBP management and further study to ensure the proper land application of CBP waste.
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Mbeng, Lawrence O. "The impact of public attitudes and behaviour on the effective valorisation of household organic waste into agricultural compost : case study Limbe and Douala - Cameroon." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2009. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2834/.
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Building on the development of a research agenda, the research used best practices in the UK and other developed countries to design the aims and objectives from which the methods were developed. Based on the research agenda, trends in household behaviour in Cameroon were examined in order to identify, and generate baseline information to provide a sound evidence base essential for robust policy development in education, capacity building in composting involving the third sector organizations in Cameroon. To determine attitudes, Q methodology was used. Factor analysis produced nine and eight factors representing distinct behavioural patterns of public concerns, opinions and beliefs in household waste management in Douala and Limbe. Interpreting these factors revealed 12 attitudes to household waste management practices and this will be used to design strategies. A waste composition analysis found the organic fraction >60% with the lowest per capita waste generation (0.86 kg) in the high income residential area (HIRA) and the highest (1.38 kg) in the low income residential area (LIRA) of Douala in the wet season. In the dry season, the medium income residential area (MIRA) had the highest (1.11 kg) with the lowest (0.71 kg) in the HIRA. For both seasons in Limbe, HIRA had the highest while the LIRA had the lowest. Pearson correlation and regression was used to show the relationship between waste generation and household size. The research determined barriers and success factors for composting as part of a strategy. Barriers included household hazardous waste (HHW) and odour at composting sites because more than 50% of the composted waste was food waste with high humidity especially in the wet season. This affected public acceptance to composting. A success factor is that the market for compost is increasing and is expected to increase to 30% by 2013. Added to this, more than 50% of the participating households showed positive intentions and willingness to composting. Hence, composting is expected to be a major economic activity for Cameroonians and become a national practice
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Keeney, Daniel Colin. "Transforming Organic Waste Into A Marketable Product: A Conjoint Analysis Of Bulk Compost Preferences And Strategies For Expanding The Compost Market In Vermont." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/304.
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Organic waste management presents challenges and opportunities alike for community-based economic development. Waste-to-compost transformation can be socially and economically successful by employing ecological design principles, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and values-based supply chains (VCs). An analysis of commercial buyers' preferences for compost will inform approaches to forming effective partnerships of public, private and nonprofit stakeholders to develop a market for local waste resource products. The thesis summarizes the results of a consumer preferences survey of current and prospective bulk compost purchasers and discusses strategies for implementing new organic waste management policies that will strengthen a local market for compost, build social capital and share economic value.
A conjoint analysis of bulk compost preferences in Vermont was conducted to identify the market's preference for quality-based attributes of bulk compost. The data was taken from a survey administered by mail to Vermont business professionals in various fields that use--or could potentially use--compost products in providing goods or services. In addition to price (81 percent of the relative importance buyers place on an attribute), local provenance (8 percent) and suitability for organic production (7.6 percent) were demonstrated as statistically significant determinants of the value buyers placed on compost. Willingness to pay for local provenance and suitability for organic production were measured at 15% and 14% above the baseline product price, respectively. Current and prospective compost producers can effectively market their products and retain a competitive edge in the marketplace by collaborating with other businesses. A viable market for Vermont compost could be achieved through cultivation of niche specialties, stable institutional buyers, more stringent regulation of food waste and nutrient management behavior, and a collaborative effort to construct a product narrative that emphasizes compost's role in a larger social-ecological system of nutrient management and sustainable agriculture.
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Freeman, Amanda N. D. "The importance of fisheries waste in the diet of Westland Petrels (Procellaria westlandica)." Lincoln University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/298.
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Westland petrels Procellaria westlandica breed only near Punakaiki on the West Coast of New Zealand. About 80 km offshore from their breeding colony, New Zealand's largest commercial fishery (for hoki Macruronus novaezelandiae) operates from mid June to early September, coinciding with the Westland petrel's breeding season. It has been assumed that Westland petrels feed extensively on fisheries waste and that this habit has been at least partly responsible for the increase in the Westland petrel population. Some seabird biologists have expressed concern that if a species comes to depend on scavenging at fishing vessels, such a species could experience a food crisis if fishing operations changed in a way that reduced the quantity of waste discharged. The aim of this research was to assess how dependent Westland petrels have become on fisheries waste for food. Diet studies showed that during the hoki fishing season, waste accounts for more than half by weight of the solid food Westland petrels bring back to the colony to feed their chicks. After the hoki season, waste contributes only about a quarter of their diet as birds switch to more natural prey and scavenge a wider variety of fish species presumably from smaller, inshore fishing vessels. Much of the fisheries waste eaten by Westland petrels was flesh which could not be identified using traditional techniques. The electrophoretic technique iso-electric focusing increased the number of fish samples that could be identified and consequently the diet was interpreted differently than it would have been had only traditional diet analysis been used. The survey of Westland petrel distribution off the west coast of the South Island, found that although hoki fishing vessels influence the distribution of Westland petrels, only a small proportion of the Westland petrel population appears to utilise this food resource at any one time. Westland petrels were tracked at sea by VHF radio telemetry and then by satellite tracking. Satellite tracking showed that there is considerable variation in the amount of time Westland petrels spend in the vicinity of fishing vessels. On average, satellite tracked birds spent one third of their time near vessels, but they foraged over much larger areas than that occupied by the West Coast South Island hoki fishing fleet. Although fisheries waste is an important component of the Westland petrel diet, it appears that the situation is one of opportunistic use of a readily available resource, rather than one of dependence. Several features of the Westland petrel's breeding biology and foraging ecology suggest that Westland petrels could compensate for a reduction in waste from the hoki fishery by switching to other sources of waste and increasing their consumption of natural prey. Nevertheless, much remains unanswered concerning the role of fisheries waste in the Westland petrel's diet. In particular, quantifying the waste available to seabirds, and the success of Westland petrels in acquiring that waste compared to other scavenging species, is needed in order to better predict the effect of a reduction in fisheries waste on Westland petrel population size.
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Lin, Long. "Technical, Microbial, and Economic Study on Thermophilic Solid-state Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500505570855855.
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Андрейченко, А. В. "Науково-економічне забезпечення розвитку безвідходного виробництва в аграрному секторі." Thesis, Одеса, 2019. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/17362.
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Андрейченко, А. В. Науково-економічне забезпечення розвитку безвідходного виробництва в аграрному секторі : дис. ... д-ра екон. наук : 08.00.03 / А. В. Андрейченко. - Одеса, 2019. - 519 с.У дисертації сформульовані концептуальні організаційно-економічні засади формування, впровадження та розвитку безвідходного виробництва в аграрному секторі економіки України, до числа основних з яких слід віднести: урахування зарубіжного досвіду та національних інституціональних особливостей; мінімізацію витрат сировинних і енергетичних ресурсів в аграрному виробництві; обмеження негативного впливу аграрного виробництва на природне середовище; забезпечення циклічності матеріальних та фінансових потоків; раціоналізацію аграрної виробничо-господарської діяльності, збалансування функціонування економічної, соціальної та довкільної сфер життєдіяльності людини в сільській місцевості. Розкрито питання впровадження безвідходного агровиробництва крізь призму проблематики забезпечення сталого розвитку та національної безпеки України. Викладено методико-методологічне обґрунтування впровадження безвідходного агровиробництва. Проаналізовано сучасний стан та структурно-динамічні тенденції розвитку безвідходного агровиробництва із зосередженням уваги на питаннях ресурсозбереження в аграрному секторі, вивченні кон’юнктури ринку продукції безвідходного агровиробництва. Розглянуто специфіку державної регуляторної політики у сфері розвитку безвідходного агровиробництва. Досліджено світовий досвід розвитку безвідходного агровиробництва. Запропоновано заходи посилення конкурентоспроможності суб’єктів господарювання безвідходного агровиробництва. Запропоновано заходи підвищення економіко-соціальної та екологічної результативності безвідходного виробництва в аграрному секторі економіки. Висвітлено особливості розвитку інвестиційно-інноваційного забезпечення безвідходного агровиробництва. Здійснено економіко-математичне моделювання ефективного розвитку безвідходного агровиробництва.
В диссертации сформулированы концептуальные организационно-экономические основы формирования, внедрения и развития безотходного производства в аграрном секторе экономики Украины, к основным из которых следует отнести: учет зарубежного опыта и национальных институциональных особенностей; минимизацию затрат сырьевых и энергетических ресурсов в аграрном производстве; ограничение негативного влияния аграрного производства на окружающую среду; обеспечение цикличности материальных и финансовых потоков; рационализацию аграрной производственно-хозяйственной деятельности, сбалансирование функционирования экономической, социальной и естественной сфер жизнедеятельности человека в сельской местности. Раскрыты вопросы внедрения безотходного агропроизводства сквозь призму проблематики обеспечения устойчивого развития и национальной безопасности Украины. Изложено методико-методологическое обоснование внедрения безотходного агропроизводства. Проанализировано современное состояние и структурно-динамические тенденции развития безотходного агропроизводства с сосредоточением внимания на вопросах ресурсосбережения в аграрном секторе, изучении рынка продукции безотходного агропроизводства. Рассмотрена специфика государственной регуляторной политики в сфере развития безотходного агропроизводства. Исследован мировой опыт развития безотходного агропроизводства. Предложены меры усиления конкурентоспособности субъектов хозяйствования безотходного агропроизводства. Предложены меры повышения экономико-социальной и экологической результативности безотходного производства в аграрном секторе экономики. Освещены особенности развития инвестиционно-инновационного обеспечения безотходного агропроизводства. Представлено экономико-математическое моделирование эффективного развития безотходного агропроизводства.
The thesis contains conceptual organizational and economic principles of formation, introduction and development of non-waste production in the agricultural sector based on national realities and international experience. The study of the issues of the non-waste agricultural production implementation into the practice of management has been carried out through the consideration of such major "blocks": theoretical-conceptual and methodological substantiation; analysis of the current state and trends of agricultural production development; organizational and economic provision of formation and development of non-waste agricultural production; investment and innovation support of non-waste agricultural production; implementation of economical and mathematical modeling of efficient development of non-waste production in the agricultural sector of the economy. The triad of properties of non-waste agricultural production has been proved: firstly, to extract the most valuable and complex components of raw materials, transforming them into useful products; secondly, to ensure the social effectiveness of agricultural production; thirdly: to eliminate or minimize the harm done to the environment as a result of production and economic activity. The applied significance of the application of the non-waste agricultural production principles, that minimizes the cost of raw materials and energy resources, limits the negative impact of production on the environment, ensures the cyclicality of material and financial flows, rationalizes the production and economic activity of the agricultural sector of the economy, balances the functioning of the economic, social and environmental spheres of human life has been ensured. The connection between the efficient functioning of non-waste production in the agricultural sector of the economy and the noosphere teaching has been highlighted, which are aimed at achieving the goal of a common harmonious development of nature and society. The peculiarities of the "mental" attitude to the problem of agricultural waste at the national and global levels have been investigated. The necessity of evaluating the efficiency of non-waste agricultural production on the system of indicators reflecting economic, social, ecological and institutional characteristics of the investigated phenomenon has been argued. The inextricable link between the intensification of agricultural production and resource conservation has been proved, which lies in the increase of the efficiency of the resources utilization and their comprehensive savings. The main types of products of non-waste agricultural production (foodstuffs, feed and feed additives, organic fertilizers, alternative sources of energy, products of technical purpose) have been determined, and economic, social and environmental benefits of such products have been identified: resource conservation, reduction of energy intensity of agroproduction; provision of regional electricity needs; financial benefits from the conversion of waste from the agricultural sector to biogas, biofertilizers, feed additives, etc.; absence of payment for emissions; competitiveness on the domestic and world markets; minimizing environmental damage and protecting the biosphere; assistance in preserving the health of the nation; protection of consumer rights; new jobs creation; development of rural territories. The author has identified the directions, the systematic implementation of which will provide the multifaceted task of strengthening the competitiveness of economic entities of non-waste agricultural production in the domestic and world markets. Economic-mathematical modeling of efficient development of non-waste production in agricultural sector have been presented. The directions of improvement of non-waste agricultural production marketing have been substantiated. The author has proved the significance of the increase of the economic, social and ecological efficiency in the field of non-waste agricultural production for the development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine and for each non-waste production entity in the agricultural sector, as: less resources and labor per unit of production are spent, that entails a decrease in the cost of production of non-waste agricultural production; reduction of the non-waste agricultural production cost affects the creation of economic conditions for the reduction of retail prices in the market of agricultural products; improvement of the non-waste agricultural production efficiency affects the increase of incomes and the level of profitability of economic entities of non-waste agricultural production; minimizes the damage to the environment during the production of products. Economic-mathematical modeling of efficient development of non-waste production in agricultural sector of economy have been presented
Books on the topic "Waste management (including agricultural waste)"
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Alberta. Natural Resources Conservation Board, ed. Environmental standards for Alberta's livestock industry : 2008 reference guide: Agricultural Operation Practices Act (AOPA) : a guide to the legislation and regulations for confined feeding operation (CFOs) and manure management requirements for all agricultural operations in Alberta, including 2006 amendments. Airdrie, Alta: Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Stewardship Division, 2008.
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United States. Soil Conservation Service. Agricultural waste management field manual. [Washington, D.C.] (P.O. Box 2890, Washington 20013): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1992.
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Water Pollution Control Federation. Task Force on Hazardous Waste Treatment., Water Pollution Control Federation. Hazardous Waste Committee., and Water Pollution Control Federation. Facilities Development Subcommittee., eds. Hazardous waste treatment processes including environmental audits and waste reduction. Alexandria, Va: Water Pollution Control Federation, 1990.
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Bettany, S. M. The National Agricultural Centre waste management system: Operational report. Stoneleigh: FarmElectric, 1993.
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Business opportunities in agricultural waste: Proceedings of the Agricultural Waste Management Conference 2003, Selangor, Malaysia, 11-12 August 2003. [Kuala Lumpur]: Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industries, Malaysia, 2005.
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Malherbe, J. Management of radioactive waste from reprocessing including disposal aspects: Final report. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1991.
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Regional Seminar on Management and Utilization of Agricultural and Industrial Wastes (1990 University of Malaya). Management and utilization of agricultural and industrial wastes: Proceedings of the Regional Seminar on Management and Utilization of Agricultural and Industrial Wastes held on 21-23 March 1990 at the University of Malaya. Edited by Goh, S. H. (Swee Hock), Universiti Malaya. Institut Pengajian Tinggi, and Unesco. Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 1991.
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Research, Landell Mills Market, and Great Britain. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. Waste Policy Division, eds. Marketing guide for producers of waste derived compost. London: Dept. of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, 1997.
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Commerce, United States Congress House Committee on Energy and. Nuclear Waste Fund management: Report, together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 3981) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.
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American Society of Agricultural Engineers., ed. Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes IX: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium, 12-15 October, 2003, Raleigh, North Carolina. St. Joseph, Mich: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2003.
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Yirenya-Tawiah, Dzidzo, Ted Annang, Benjamin Dankyira Ofori, Benedicta Yayra Fosu-Mensah, Elaine Tweneboah Lawson, Richard Yeboah, Kwaku Owusu-Afriyie, et al. "Urban Waste as a Resource: The Case of the Utilisation of Organic Waste to Improve Agriculture Productivity Project in Accra, Ghana." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 123–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_6.
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AbstractPoor municipal solid waste management continues to be a daunting issue for municipal authorities in Ghana. Major cities generate 2000 tonnes of mixed municipal waste per day, of which about 80% is collected and disposed of at open dump sites and/or at the limited number of landfills available. About 60% of this waste is organic. The Utilization of Organic Waste to Improve Agricultural Productivity (UOWIAP) project sought to co-create knowledge through a private-public engagement for the development of organic waste value chain opportunities to sustainably manage municipal organic waste and, at the same time, improve urban farm soils and increase food productivity in the Ga-West Municipal Assembly in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Through the project, identified key stakeholders in the waste and agricultural sectors, such as market traders, informal waste collectors, unemployed persons, farmers, landscapers, media, agricultural extension officers, Municipal Assembly officers and the general public, were engaged and made aware of sustainable organic waste management processes, including organic waste segregation from source, collection and compost production. Four formal markets were selected for the piloting of organic waste segregation from source. Interested persons were trained in organic waste collection, compost production and entrepreneurship. The lessons learned draw attention to the need for a massive effort to generate demand for compost use as this will invariably drive removal of organic waste from the unsorted waste stream.
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Singh, Dig Vijay, Rouf Ahmad Bhat, and Syed Maqbool Geelani. "Agricultural Waste: Sources, Implications, and Sustainable Management." In Agricultural Waste, 1–13. First edition.: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003105046-1.
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Butnariu, Monica, Ioan Sarac, and Alina Butu. "Bioremediation Technologies for the Management of Agricultural Waste." In Agricultural Waste, 305–48. First edition.: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003105046-14.
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Akhtar, Rukhsana, Adil Farooq Wali, Saiema Rasool, Sabhiya Majid, Hilal Ahmad Wani, Muneeb U. Rehman, Showkat Ahmad Bhat, Shabhat Rasool, Shafat Ali, and Rehan Khan. "An Essay on Some Biotechnological Interventions in Agricultural Waste Management." In Agricultural Waste, 285–304. First edition.: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003105046-13.
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Roth, Lawrence O., and Harry L. Field. "Animal Waste Management." In Introduction to Agricultural Engineering, 258–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3594-2_21.
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Sommer, Sven G., Lorie Hamelin, Jørgen E. Olesen, Felipe Montes, Wei Jia, Qing Chen, and Jin M. Triolo. "Agricultural Waste Biomass." In Supply Chain Management for Sustainable Food Networks, 67–106. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118937495.ch3.
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Field, Harry L., and John M. Long. "Animal Waste Management." In Introduction to Agricultural Engineering Technology, 317–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69679-9_21.
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Barre, H. J., L. L. Sammet, and G. L. Nelson. "Livestock Waste Management." In Environmental and Functional Engineering of Agricultural Buildings, 198–219. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1443-1_10.
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Roth, Lawrence O., and Harry L. Field. "Animal Waste Management." In An Introduction to Agricultural Engineering: A Problem-Solving Approach, 258–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1425-7_21.
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Thakur, Deepshikha, Naleeni Ramawat, and Vineet Shyam. "Agricultural Waste Produce: Utilization and Management." In Sustainable Food Waste Management, 227–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8967-6_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Waste management (including agricultural waste)"
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Kovljenić, Mina, and Jelena Nestorov Bizonj. "Resource Use and Food Security in the Republic of Serbia." In 27th International Scientific Conference Strategic Management and Decision Support Systems in Strategic Management. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46541/978-86-7233-406-7_221.
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Achieving food security and resources sustainability have a high priority in agrarian policy that universal for all economies. Today modern agriculture has many complex challenges, so a sustainable agriculture approach is needed. Agriculture now must produce more food, using available natural resources efficiently and sustainably, including a reduction of post-harvest losses and waste, and developing agriculture more resilient to climate change. The Republic of Serbia has a good quality of agricultural land, favorable ratio of available land per capita, and favorable climate conditions for agricultural production. However, Serbia has a large number of small farms with fragmented property, family workforce, low level of technical equipment and capital, which have a high production costs and irrational use of resources. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact ofresource use on the level of food security in the Republic of Serbia. The survey data were taken from the FAOSTAT database, World Bank, as well as the national statistics of the Republic of Serbia and hierarchical regression analysis was used. The results of the research have shown that resource supply has a statistically significant impact on the level of food security in the Republic of Serbia.
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Benshak, Alice Bernard. "An Assessment of the Approaches of Construction and Demolition Waste in Jos, Plateau State of Nigeria." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sebh6010.
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The continuous rise in population, urbanization and expansion of cities has triggered a corresponding increase in construction and demolition activity. The frequent collapse of buildings attributed to poor structural design, building decay, and/or use of substandard materials has generated a substantial increase in construction refuse, also referred to as Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste. This waste stream originates from residential, commercial, agricultural, institutional and industrial building projects for new builds, reconstruction, expansion, and refurbishments/rehabilitation. Most studies in Nigeria have generally focused on solid waste management without considering the uniqueness of C&D and giving it the attention needed, in order to achieve sustainable urban spaces that are highly functional, safe, convenient, and livable. This study seeks to investigate the different approaches and processes of C&D waste management in the City of Jos, in the Plateau State of Nigeria. The mix method was adopted for this research whereby quantitative and qualitative data was collected through a structured questionnaire for construction enterprises, as well as face-to-face interviews with the agencies responsible for waste management in the city. A total of 21 construction companies (representing about 10%) were randomly selected for questionnaire administration while interviews were conducted with the Plateau Environmental Protection and Sanitation Agency (PEPSA) and the Jos Metropolitan Development Board (JMDB) who are responsible for waste management. Investigations revealed that C&D waste consists of heavy and non-degradable materials such as: sheet metal roofing, sand, gravel, concrete, masonry, metal, and wood to mention only a few. The construction companies are solely responsible for: the collection, storage, transportation and disposal of wastes generated from their activities. Approximately 60-70% of the C&D waste materials are either reused, recycled or resold, while the remaining residual waste is indiscriminately disposed. Although the PEPSA and JMDB are responsible for waste management, their focus has been on establishing solid non-hazardous waste infrastructure systems, policies and plans. The absence of records of the quantity of C&D waste generated, the lack of financial data, and the omission of policies and plans for the C&D waste stream has resulted in a missed opportunity for a comprehensive and sustainable waste management strategy for the City and the state. To protect public health, valuable resources, and natural ecosystems, it is recommended that the C&D waste stream be included as part of the state’s waste management program, in consideration of the growing construction and demolition activity, by including C&D policies and guidelines.
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"CLOSURE OF EARTHEN MANURE STRUCTURES (INCLUDING BASINS, HOLDING PONDS AND LAGOONS)." In Animal Agriculture and the Environment, National Center for Manure & Animal Waste Management White Papers . St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20256.
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Arno, Matthew G., Janine Katanic Arno, Donald A. Halter, Robert O. Berry, and Ian S. Hamilton. "Radiological Characterization of a Copper/Cobalt Mining and Milling Site." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16322.
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Extensive copper and cobalt ore deposits can be found in the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo near the city of Kolwezi. These deposits have been mined via open pit and underground mines since the 19th century with many changes in control of the mines including colonial industrial control and Congolese government control. With the recent re-establishment of a relatively stable democratic government in the DRC, foreign investors returned to the area to restart mining activities that were abruptly terminated in the 1990’s due to political turmoil. Some of these new projects are being performed in accordance with World Bank and International Finance Corporation Social & Environmental Sustainability standards. As part of these standards, radiological characterization of the mines, processing facilities, and surrounding environment was conducted to establish current conditions, evaluate human health and ecological risks, and provide a basis for establishment of radiation safety and environmental remediation programs. In addition to naturally occurring radioactive materials associated with the copper/cobalt ore, the site was reputedly historically used to store ore from the Shinkolobwe uranium mine, the source of the uranium ore for the World War II Manhattan project. The radiological characterization was conducted via extensive gamma radiation surveys using vehicle-mounted sodium-iodide detectors, random grid composite soil sampling, biased soil sampling of areas with elevated gamma radiation levels, and sampling of surface water features. The characterization revealed broad areas of elevated gamma radiation levels of up to 160 μGy/hr in two distinct areas believed to be the Shinkolobwe uranium mine ore storage locations. Other areas, with gamma radiation levels of up to 80 μGy/hr, were detected associated with copper/cobalt ore refinery tailings and waste rock (overburden) sediments. The gamma radiation surveys revealed that elevated radiation levels were largely confined to areas previously disturbed by mechanized mining activities. Radiological contaminants in local surface water sources were within drinking water standards with the exception of one river heavily polluted with both uranium and other metals by waste streams from an ore processing and refining facility. Surrounding areas that appeared to be undisturbed by mining, including agricultural areas, native villages, and urban colonial-architecture cities, exhibited soil concentration and gamma radiation levels consistent with expected background levels.
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Buriev, Nazirzhon T., Dzhamshed A. Abdushukurov, and Tjalle T. Vandergraaf. "Remediation and Assessment of the National Radioactive Waste Storage and Disposal Site in Tajikistan." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59110.
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The National Radioactive Waste Storage and Disposal Site was established in 1959 in the Faizabad region approximately 50 km east of the capital, Dushanbe. The site is located on the southern flank of the Fan Mountains facing the Gissar Valley in a sparsely populated agricultural area, with the nearest villages located a few km from the site. The site was initially designed to accept a wide range of contaminated materials, including obsolete smoke detectors, sealed radioactive sources, waste from medical institutions, and radioactive liquids. Between 1962 and 1976, 363 tonnes and 1146 litres of material, contaminated with a range of radionuclides were shipped to the site. Between 1972–1980 and 1985–1991, ∼4.8 × 1014 and 2 × 1013 Bq, respectively, were shipped to the site. An additional 7 × 1014 Bq was shipped to the site in 1996. Partly as a result of the dissolution of the former Soviet Union, the disposal site had fallen into disrepair and currently presents both an environmental hazard and a potential for the proliferation of radionuclides that could potentially be used for illicit purposes. Remediation of the disposal site was started in 2005. New security fences were erected and a new superstructure over an in-ground storage site constructed. A central alarm monitoring and observation station has been constructed and is now operational. The geology, flora, and fauna of the region have been documented. Radiation surveys of the buildings and the storage and disposal sites have been carried out. Samples of soil, surface water and vegetation have been taken and analyzed by gamma spectrometry. Results show a slight extent of contamination of soils near the filling ports of the underground liquid storage container where a Cs-137 concentration of 2.3 × 104 Bq/kg was obtained. Similar values were obtained for Ra-226. Radiation fields of the in-ground storage site were generally <1 μSv/h with 8% exceeding this value. Neutron radiation levels at the same location were also low with a few readings exceeding 10 μSv/h. The volume of liquid waste is estimated to be ∼140 m3. Most of the activity appears to be associated with the sediments in the tank. Suggestions are presented for the immobilization of the liquid wastes and long-term monitoring of the site and the surrounding territory.
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Haykiri-Acma, H., and S. Yaman. "Comparison of the combustion behaviours of agricultural wastes under dry air and oxygen." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm120141.
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Bakopoulou, S., I. Katsavou, S. Polyzos, and A. Kungolos. "Using recycled water for agricultural purposes in the Thessaly region, Greece: a primary investigation of citizens’ opinions." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm080881.
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Harrison, Alan D. "Reuse and Treatment Strategies for Agricultural Waste Waters." In Watershed Management and Operations Management Conferences 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40499(2000)139.
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Chen, Jiefei. "Pesticide Waste Management and Agricultural Environmental Protection." In 2021 6th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210407.170.
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Lavrentiev, A. A., V. V. Sidorkin, E. A. Gamoyunov, A. S. Rusaleev, and K. F. Kalmykova. "ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT OF ECONOMIC WASTE MANAGEMENT." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.224-228.
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The article explores ways of forming a modern concept of rational nature management of agricultural waste. The analysis of the nomenclature of agricultural waste was carried out, their influence on the environmental situation was studied. The modern technologies of rational nature management of agricultural waste are systematized, the most promising areas of waste recycling are identified. The ecological effect of the application of technologies for the rational environmental management of agricultural waste was studied.
Reports on the topic "Waste management (including agricultural waste)"
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Sengupta, Sukalyan, Beni Lew, and Lee Blaney. Closing the nutrient cycle through sustainable agricultural waste management. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7600040.bard.
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Avis, William. Technical Aspects of e-Waste Management. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.051.
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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on the technical aspects e-waste value chains. The report should be read in conjunction with two earlier reports on e-waste management1. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. The exact treatment of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) can vary enormously according to the category of WEEE and technology that is used. Electrical and electronic items contain a wide variety of materials. As a result of this complex mix of product types and materials, some of which are hazardous (including arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury and certain flame retardants) multiple approaches to WEEE are required, each with specific technical guidelines. This report is structured as follows: Section two provides an introduction to the technical aspects of e-waste management, including a reflection on the challenges and complexities of managing a range of product types involving a range of components and pollutants. Section three provides an annotated bibliography of key readings that discuss elements of the technical aspects of managing e-waste. This bibliography includes readings on national guidelines, training manuals and technical notes produced by the Basel convention and courses. WEEE recycling can be a complex and multifaced process. In order to manage e-waste effectively, the following must be in place Legislative and regulatory frameworks Waste Prevention and minimisation guidelines Identification of waste mechanisms Sampling, analysis and monitoring expertise Handling, collection, packaging, labelling, transportation and storage guidelines Environmentally sound disposal guidelines Management is further complicated by the speed of technological advance with technologies becoming redundant much sooner than initially planned. Case studies show that the average actual lifetimes of certain electronic products are at least 2.3 years shorter than either their designed or desired lifetimes.
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Avis, William. Responsible E-Waste Value Chains in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.015.
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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on e-waste value chains. The report should be read I conjunction with an earlier report on e-waste management. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. When e-waste is collected and treated formally, it normally includes the following steps: Collection, Sorting and disassembly, Size reduction, Separation. The following five pillars of a sustainable e-waste management system have been identified: • Business and finance • Policy and regulation • Technology and skills • Monitoring and control • Marketing and awareness As such, to support the development of a responsible e-waste value chain, the following elements must be addressed. • Understanding how e-waste is currently managed • There is no one-size-fits all solution to building a robust e-waste management system based on extended producer responsibility. • An e-waste system built without a participatory approach is likely to be hampered by a series of issues. • An overarching policy is necessary • The choices made for the sector should be founded on two crucial elements – data from on the ground, and inputs from stakeholders. • Enforcement is incumbent on the government mandate The push towards a circular economy has provided stakeholders across the value chain with an impetus to initiate systemic improvements and invest in infrastructure and awareness raising.
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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.
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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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Lucas, Brian. Urban Flood Risks, Impacts, and Management in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.018.
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This summary reviews evidence on the urban flooding impact, risk factors, and management and mitigation measures in Lagos and other cities in Nigeria. Flooding is a common problem every year in many cities across Nigeria, but the impacts of flooding are poorly documented. There is no consistent set of statistics at a national or sub-national level that can be used to compare the impacts of flooding across cities, and reports that focus on particular flood events are often incomplete. The literature notes the principal factors contributing to flood risk including uncontrolled urban growth, inadequate and poorly-maintained drainage systems, solid waste management practices, weakness in institutional capacity and coordination, and warning systems and public awareness. The evidence base for flood impacts, risks, and mitigation efforts at the city level in Nigeria is limited, and much of the information available is low quality, inconsistent, or outdated. Many rely on surveys of city residents rather than objective empirical data, and some of these surveys appear to be poorly designed. A significant number of the academic publications available have been published in non-mainstream journals without the usual level of academic peer review. Recent information is scarce, and a significant amount of the available evidence dates from 2011 and 2012, which coincides with an episode of nationwide flooding that was among the worst in Nigeria’s history.
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André, and Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.
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We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
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Citywide Inclusive Sanitation Guidance Note: What Is Citywide Inclusive Sanitation and Why Is It Needed? Asian Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim210395-2.
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This guidance note explains how the concept of citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS) for developing more comprehensive, effective, and sustainable sanitation services in urban areas. CWIS focuses on providing urban areas with access to and benefits from adequate and sustainable sanitation services, including the safe, effective, and sustainable management of all human waste along the whole sanitation service chain. This guidance note is part of a series that aims to share essential knowledge to embed CWIS principles in planning and delivering sanitation services to ADB developing member countries. These learning materials were prepared by ADB’s Water Sector Group and structured along the ADB project processing cycle.
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Joint Expert Group on Food Contact Materials Interim Position Paper on ocean bound plastic. Food Standards Agency, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kdy447.
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The FSA and FSS have become aware of the use of recycled plastic food contact applications that are in part, or fully, fulfilled using so called “ocean-bound” plastic. As this term has been observed to be a relatively new concept in food contact applications a full review of whether plastic material sourced from the open environment (ocean, ocean-bound, land) can be utilised in food packaging, either directly or behind a functional barrier, is currently being undertaken by the FSA. As part of its full review, the FSA and FSS invites submissions from industry, the individuals as consumers, or interested parties, including those with the relevant science expertise to submit evidence on this issue. We are particularly interested in understanding how operators propose to, or currently, carry out their own risk assessment of the safe use of these materials as a food contact material, particularly when sourcing from countries whose regulatory standards and waste management strategies differ to those of the UK and/or information on previous use and/or misuse are less certain. In addition, we would like to know how full traceability along the supply chain is ensured.