Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Waste incineration energy'
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Udono, Ken, and n/a. "Modelling Seawater Desalination With Waste Incineration Energy Using Dynamic Systems Approach." Griffith University. School of Information and Communication Technology, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070110.164750.
Full textPhilipsson, Ellen. "Emissions Trading for Waste Incineration Plants with Energy Recovery in Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166429.
Full textUdono, Ken. "Modelling Seawater Desalination With Waste Incineration Energy Using Dynamic Systems Approach." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365604.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Information and Communication Technology
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Holmgren, Kristina. "A System Perspective on District Heating and Waste Incineration." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7992.
Full textLinde, Adam. "Emission reduction in waste incineration : A comparison of three applicable measures." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik och byggd miljö, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-431492.
Full textSubasinghe, Gayan. "Prefeasibility Study for a Waste-to-EnergyApplication in Gauteng Province, South Africa." Thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127914.
Full textSiriwardhana, Siriwardhana Jathunge Dharshana Samantha. "Introducing of Small Scale Waste to Energy Incineration Plantfor Hotel; Heritance Ahungalla in Ahungalla, Sri Lanka." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232335.
Full textAvyttringen av fast avfall har blivit en av de stora miljöfrågorna i Sri Lanka. Fast avfall är oftanämnt som en viktig orsak som bidrar till miljöförstöring. Snabb industrialisering och oplaneradurbanisering har gjort de asiatiska städerna offer för oorganiserat fast avfall. De flesta städer i SriLanka står inför samma problem och fortfarande har ingen riktig lösning införts av de andraregeringspartierna än öppen dumpning, vilket återigen genererar ett stort problem bland människorsom bor runt området. Balaptiya, som ligger i söder om Sri Lanka, är en av städerna i Sri Lanka ochderas dagliga avfallsproduktion är cirka 5500 kg, som samlas in av Balapitiya Local Authority ochskickas till den öppna dumpningsplatsen i Heenatiya. Den här staden är väldigt populär förturismen eftersom den ligger mellan de mycket kända turismstäderna Bentota och Hikkaduwa. Detfinns många hotell runt staden. Bland dem ligger Hotel Heritance Ahungalla, som är ett av defemstjärniga hotellen i Sri Lanka, lokaliserat inom Balapitiya Local Authority. Derasavfallsgeneration är ca 600 kg per dag.Denna studie fokuserar huvudsakligen på att introducera en småskalig förbränningsanläggning förkommunalt fast avfall som har samlats inom Balapitiya Local Authority och Hotel HeritanceAhungalle. Hotel Heritance Ahungalla är lokaliserat söder om landsbygden och har 152 rum. Detdagliga varmvattenbehovet är 30 m3, som för närvarande levereras med hjälp av en oljeeldad panna,vars månadsrörelsekostnad överstiger 1,2 miljoner LKR, för rumsanvändning och torkduk.Avfallsvärmen som genereras av den föreslagna förbränningsanordningen är planerad att användasför att generera mättad ånga, samtidigt som den oljeeldade pannan hålls i standby-läge. I slutändankommer detta att spara pengar, bränsleförbrukningen i den oljeeldade pannan minskar.I denna studie optimerades förbränningsanläggningens kapacitet till 335 kg/h, vilket innehöll cirka837,5 kW bruttoenergi, genom att beräkna tillgänglig mängd avfall från hotellet och kommunen,och lägga till procentuell prognostisering av framtida avfallsmängd. Därefter beräknades storlekenpå ugnen. Förbränning av detta fasta avfall kommer att bidra till att producera 3,7 ton/timmemättad ånga, vilket kommer att uppfylla hotellets dagliga ångkrav.
Al, Hamrani Emad, and Nils Grönberg. "Sustainable flue-gas quench : For waste incineration plants within a water-energy-environment nexus perspective." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36707.
Full textHsu, Emma. "A Dirty Renewable: How Trash Incineration Became Classified as Renewable Energy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2020. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/218.
Full textTawatsin, Anuda. "Environmental assessment of waste to energy processes, specifically incineration and anaerobic digestion, using life cycle assessment." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366530/.
Full textTorstensson, Johan, and Jon Gezelius. "Waste-to-Energy in Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia : A Pre-feasibility study on suitable Waste-to-Energy techniques in the Kutai Kartanegara region." Thesis, Energi och teknik, SLU, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-269607.
Full textNordström, Emma, and Evelina Enochsson. "The Possibility of Energy Recovery from Waste Material in Arges County, Romania." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17768.
Full textAbstract
Waste disposal is a global problem contributing to the ongoing climate change by large emissions of greenhouse gases. By using waste material as a resource instead of landfilling, the greenhouse gas emissions from landfills are reduced. Waste material can be used for waste incineration with energy recovery, thus decreasing the greenhouse gas emission from energy utilization by changing from fossil fuels to a partly renewable fuel.
Arges County in Romania has severe problems with its waste material, mainly sewage sludge and waste from households and industries. As a consequence of the Romanian EU accession in 2007, Arges County is obliged to close its landfills for waste in a near future. A reconstruction of the wastewater treatment plant and an improved management of the sewage sludge residue are necessary in order to comply with EU standards. The requirements from the EU regarding waste disposal together with the existence of a district heating network in the residence city Pitesti, makes it interesting to investigate energy recovery from waste material in Arges County.
Therefore, the goal of the study is to evaluate the possibility to extract energy from co-incineration of the waste material, sewage sludge and waste generated in Arges County. In order to reach this goal, the composition and quantities of the waste material is investigated. A suitable technology for the waste-to-energy (WTE) plant is proposed, based on the data of the waste material as well as on established WTE technologies and their costs. It is assumed that the WTE plant will be implemented in 2020 and that all the generated waste will be incinerated. Furthermore, an environmental analysis is carried out, which presents the reductions of greenhouse gas emissions with the proposed WTE plant in comparison with the present system; including the management of waste and sludge and the district heating production, which is based on fossil fuels.
The result shows that the waste material in Arges County has a calorific value of 7.5 MJ per kg, which is suitable for co-incineration of waste and sludge. The suggested WTE plant has the total power of 130 MW, annually recovering 620 and 330 GWh of heat and electric power respectively. The investment cost of the WTE plant is estimated to 226 million euro with a payback time of 8 years. The environmental analysis shows that the proposed system in comparison with the present system will decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 88 percent.
A WTE plant appears to be a sound investment in Arges County and would sharply reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases in the county. However, some obstacles exist. Waste management is a new field in Romania and currently there are no WTE plants. Furthermore, the data used in this study concerning the quantity and composition of the waste, is uncertain and further studies are necessary before a WTE plant can be established.
Sundin, Camilla. "Evaluation of Overall Environmental Impacts of Alternatives for Emission Control Systems applied for Waste to Energy Process." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-220713.
Full textVattenfall driver ett kraftvärmeverk där avfall från hushåll och industrier förbränns för att generera el och fjärrvärme. Avfallsförbränningen genererar rökgaser, och energin i rökgaserna utvinns genom kondensering. Rökgaserna och kondensatet renas från föroreningar innan de släpps ut i naturen. Systemet för rökgas- och kondensatrening ska uppdateras till nyare tekniker. I det här arbetet jämförs den totala miljöpåverkan av det nuvarande och det nya systemet för rökgas- och kondensatrening. Vattenfall kommer i framtiden att utföra en jämförande livscykelanalys av de två rökgas- och kondensatreningssystemen. En del i en livscykelanalys är en inventeringsanalys. Syftet med det här arbetet är att samla in och kvantifiera den data som behövs för inventeringsanalysen. Parametrarna som tas med i inventeringsanalysen är utsläpp till luft och vatten, kemikalieförbrukning, restprodukter samt vattenförbrukning. Målen med uppdateringen av rökgas- och kondensatreningssystemen är att erhålla ett renare kondensat som kan återanvändas i systemet, att kunna elda bränsle med en högre halt svavel och fortfarande hålla utsläppen under utsläppsgränserna, samt att få en bättre rening av föroreningar för att kunna möta framtida utsläppskrav. Målet med detta arbete är att utvärdera hur väl dessa aspekter möts i det nya systemet för rökgas- och kondensatrening. Utifrån de aspekter som utvärderats i denna studie verkar det nya systemet för rökgas- och kondensatrening ha en mindre miljöpåverkan än det nuvarande. Resultaten visar att alla målen med att uppdatera rökgas- och kondensatreningssystemet nås med det nya systemet. Kondensatet blir signifikant renare med det nya systemet jämfört med det nuvarande, den totala mängden föroreningar i kondensatet minskar med 99,98 vikts%. Det innebär att kondensatet kan återanvändas i systemet, och en betydande mängd råvatten kan sparas varje år. Utsläppen av SO2 minskar med 99,5 vikts%, vilket visar att en högre svavelhalt i bränslet skulle kunna tolereras. Vidare minskar den totala mängden föroreningar i rökgaserna med 61,9 vikts%. De föroreningsparametrar som bedöms bli mer strikt reglerade inom en snar framtid, NOx och Hg, reduceras signifikant med det nya systemet för rökgas- och kondensatrening. Däremot ökar både kemikalieförbrukningen och mängden producerad restprodukt. Ökningarna är betydande nackdelar för det nya systemet, och miljöpåverkan av detta bör undersökas vidare i den planerade livscykelanalysen.
Lino, Fatima Aparecida de Morais 1958. "Proposta de aproveitamento do potencial energético do resíduo sólido urbano e do esgoto doméstico com minimização dos impactos ambientais : Proposal to profit the energy potential of urban solid waste and domestic sewage and minimize their ambient impacts." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265934.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:25:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lino_FatimaAparecidadeMorais_D.pdf: 4563371 bytes, checksum: bb5cfda45f05124356d651f091207118 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Com o aumento da população mundial, nas últimas décadas, a geração de resíduo sólido e de esgoto doméstico tem aumentado. No Brasil, são gerados diariamente acima de 250 mil toneladas de resíduo sólido urbano e cerca de 28 milhões de metros cúbicos de esgoto, mas coletá-los e tratá-los tem sido um dos maiores desafios para os administradores municipais. Tanto o resíduo sólido quanto o esgoto doméstico sem tratamento impactam o ambiente e, consequentemente, a saúde pública. Este trabalho propõe técnicas de tratamento de RSU e ED com recuperação de energia e minimização dos impactos ambientais, com base na reciclagem, biodigestão e incineração, aplicadas ao Brasil e em seis municípios de regiões distintas. Os resultados mostram que a reciclagem de 10% do potencial de reciclável coletado no país pode render R$ 110 milhões/mês, ganhos de 256.9 mil GJ / dia de energia e emissão evitada de cerca de 5,8 MtCO2/ano. Na incineração de resíduo sólido, a energia elétrica resultante equivale ao consumo de 16,5 milhões de residências com emissões de cerca de 12,9 MtCO2/ ano. A incineração do lodo de esgoto resulta em energia elétrica equivalente ao consumo de 1,3 milhão de residências e emissões de 0,875 MtCO2 / ano. Além de recuperar água para reuso correspondente à metade do volume de esgoto gerado diariamente. Pelos resultados, conclui-se que municípios grandes geradores de RSU e de ED podem obter melhor aproveitamento energético e econômico com os sistemas de tratamento propostos enquanto municípios pequenos, a sugestão é que se agrupem para tratar o resíduo de forma comunitária visando à redução dos custos e aproveitamento dos benefícios
Abstract: During the last decades the world population increased and as a consequence the production of urban solid waste and domestic sewage also increased. The daily production of urban solid waste in Brazil is about 250 thousand tons while the domestic sewage is about 28 million cubic meters, whose collection and treatment turned to be one of the big challenges for the public administration. Intuitionally, this work proposes techniques for treating the urban solid waste and domestic sewage minimizing the ambient impacts and producing energy by recycling, biodigestion and incineration which were used for Brazil and six municipalities in distinct regions. The results show that recycling only 10% of the available recyclables can provide a monthly sum of R$ 110 million, daily energy economy of 257 mil GJ and avoid the emission of about 5.8 MtCO2/year. The incineration of the urban solid waste can generate electricity enough for 16.5 million residences and emitting 12.9 MtCO2 / year. The incineration of sewage sludge can generate electricity enough for 1.3 million houses and emits 0.875 MtCO2 / year. The recuperated water for reuse is about 50% of the daily consumed water. From the results it is possible to conclude that big municipalities can benefit from the innumerous energy, financial and ambient advantages by adequately treating their RSU and domestic sewage. It is recommendation that small municipalities can join together to use common installations to reduce costs and share benefits
Doutorado
Termica e Fluidos
Doutora em Engenharia Mecânica
Johansson, Tobias, and Theo Målsten. "Wasted Biogas : Economic analysis of biogas recovery adjoined to existing incineration facility in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279672.
Full textIntresset för biogas växer i Sverige och i en statlig utredning föreslogs regeringen att sätta upp ett mål att producera 10 TWh biogas 2030 (Regeringskansliet, 2019). Detta kan jämföras med 2018 då endast 2 TWh producerades (Klackenberg, 2019). För att uppnå detta optimistiska mål och för att möta den ökade efterfrågan på biogas behöver nya produktionsanläggningar byggas. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka de ekonomiska möjligheterna för utvecklingen av en biogasanläggning angränsad till en förbränningsanläggning i Sverige. Rapporten ger först en översikt över de största förbränningsanläggningarna som behandlar hushållsavfall i Sverige. Det uppskattades att den största mängden matavfall som går till förbränning i Sverige är i Göteborg där 56´744 ton matavfall förbränns per år. För att bestämma de ekonomiska förutsättningarna konstruerades en konceptuell anläggning som behandlar 169´000 ton restavfall per år varav 45 000 ton består av matavfall. En biogasprocess modellerades i Excel där den potentiella biogasen beräknades baserat på matavfallets karaktäristik. Slutligen uppskattades den årliga produktionen av flytande biogas till 43´970 MWh. Den ekonomiska utvärderingen baserades på den konceptuella anläggningen. I grund-scenariot bestod inkomsterna för av den flytande biogasen som motsvarade 25,6 MSEK per år, en ´gatefee´-synergi på 5 MSEK per år och en ´skatteavdrags´-synergi motsvarande 1 MSEK per år. Investeringskostnaden uppskattades till 211,6 MSEK och Operation & Maintenancekostnaderna uppskattades till 6,3 MSEK. Detta gav projektet ett nettonuvärde på 69,5 MSEK och en internränta på 10,3% vilket indikerar en lönsam investering. Vidare undersöktes även tre olika scenarier, utöver grund-scenariot, där det första utesluter alla synergier vilket gav ett nettonuvärde på 2,3 MSEK. Det andra scenariot beaktade endast den minimala ´gate-fee´-synergin vilket gav ett nettonuvärde på 37,8 MSEK. Det tredje scenariot inkluderade alla synergier samt ett investeringsbidrag vilket resulterade i ett nettonuvärde på 111,8 MSEK. En känslighetsanalys genomfördes också som visade att tillförseln av behandlat matavfall, kapitalkostnaden och potentiella investeringsbidrag hade den största påverkan på de finansiella resultaten. Inget av resultaten från känslighetsanalysen visade ett negativt nettonuvärde.
Hassling, Andreas, and Simon Flink. "SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF A WASTE-FIRED CFB BOILER : Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression modeling (PLS-R)." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-34979.
Full textRodopoulou, Viktoria. "CO2 savings of selling food surplus in plastic trays compared to incineration and anaerobic digestion in Sweden. : With an application at KTH Royal Institute of Technology." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-241697.
Full textLivsmedelsavfall har under senare år fått ett ökat intresse ur miljösynpunkt med förhindrande av livsmedelsavfall som den optimala lösningen för denna fråga. I Sverige är termiska behandlingsmetoder och biologiska processer för behandling av livsmedelsavfall de vanligaste metoderna för hantering av livsmedelsavfall. Båda metoderna producerar energi som kan användas för fjärrvärme, el och biobränsle för fordon. Å andra sidan, producerar dessa metoder utsläpp av växthusgaser (GHG) och många studier har erkänt deras miljöpåverkan och har jämfört dessa metoder för att identifiera alternativet med minst miljökostnad. Alternativet att sälja överbliven mat i plastlådor har potential att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser från livsmedelsavfallshanteringssystemet genom cirkulär ekonomi. Emellertid måste utsläppen av växthusgaser från de specifika livsmedelstypen samt effekten av plastlådors egenskaper och deras inverkan på plastlådors totala växthusgasutsläpp undersökas för att säkerställa effektiviteten av den försäljning av överbliven mat. Syftet med denna studie är att genomföra en livscykelanalys (LCA) om livsmedelsavfallshanteringsmetoder i Sverige för att identifiera metoden som har mest koldioxidbesparingar. Studiens mål är att kartlägga processerna i matavfallssystemet och undersöka de parametrar som påverkar prestandan för varje metod. Projektet innehåller en jämförande bedömning av klimatpåverkan (CF) av en värmebehandlingsmetod, förbränning med energiåtervinning, en biologisk metod som är anaerob uppslutning med biogasproduktion och en förebyggande metod som säljer överbliven mat i en plastlådor. En LCA utfördes för tre avfallshanteringsscenarier med två måltider (köttbaserad och vegan) som exempel när de behandlades som enskilda avfallsströmmar. Den största potentialen för att minska koldioxidutsläppen är att "sälja en måltid i ett 85% r-pet " scenario. Den undvikna köttproduktionen från att sälja matavfall kombinerat med den stora mängden återvunnet innehåll i plastlådor ger betydande koldioxidbesparingar och når den högsta nivån på avfallshierarkin som är förebyggande. Å andra sidan har förbränningen av en vegansk måltid med energiåtervinning den lägsta CO2-besparingen jämfört med de andra metoderna på grund av högvattenhalten i måltiden vilket gör den till en icke-effektiv energiomvandlare när den förbränns för att producera energi. Matavfallshanteringsmetoder bör därför fokusera på livsmedelsprodukterna och deras lämplighet för varje metod. Resultaten från denna jämförelse kommer att användas av en forskargrupp vid KTH Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Stockholm, Sverige, i SEED avdelningen. Gruppen bygger för närvarande en mobilapplikation för att dela / sälja matavfall runt KTH campus med ett samarbete från restaurangerna på campus.
Nordi, Guilherme Henrique. "Avaliação técnico-econômica de usinas WTE (Waste-to-Energy) baseadas em ciclos de potência a vapor." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2015.
Find full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia, 2015.
O Brasil possui crescente taxa de geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Tal resíduo é, em sua grande parte, alocado em aterros sanitários sendo que boa parte tem destinação inadequada. Em 2008, o governo brasileiro instituiu a política nacional de resíduos sólidos, que indica que somente o resíduo sem viabilidade econômica deve ser alocado em aterros sanitários sendo que aterros controlados e lixões devem ser fechados. Entre as diversas opções de tratamentos disponíveis, a incineração com aproveitamento energético se apresenta como uma opção a ser estudada uma vez que o país possui uma alta demanda de energia. Sendo assim, esse trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo das tecnologias e do potencial de geração de energia elétrica a partir de resíduos sólidos urbanos em ciclos de potência a vapor. O trabalho foi dividido em quatro estudos: (I) Estudo das correlações para determinação do poder calorífico; (II) Análise da influência da composição dos resíduos; (III) Análise técnico-econômica da planta; (IV) Análise econômica. O estudo (I) consistiu na comparação de diversas correlações e composições de RSU de forma a avaliar a melhor opção para o cálculo do PCI do combustível. O estudo comparou a resposta das correlações em relação aos valores experimentais e mostrou que os erros encontrados não são maiores do que o esperado pela variação da composição devido à mudança dos hábitos da população. Os estudos (II) e (III) levaram em conta a separação de materiais e alterações na configuração dos ciclos a vapor. O estudo (II) revelou que a separação da matéria orgânica é benéfica à incineração enquanto a remoção de plásticos é nociva do ponto de vista do aproveitamento energético. O estudo (III) revelou que existe um potencial de ganho considerável no aumento da eficiência desses ciclos. Por fim, o estudo (IV) mostrou que, para o Brasil, esta tecnologia ainda possui custo elevado e para viabilização, deveria ser buscado um aumento da eficiência com o aumento da escala de plantas desse tipo, além de fomentos econômicos na forma de financiamentos e redução de impostos. Como conclusão do trabalho foi possível observar o custo elevado da tecnologia e o potencial desta para o futuro. Esse potencial pode ser atingido com planejamento e conscientização da população para que, com o fim da vida dos aterros, essa tecnologia possa ser implementada com custo que viabilize este tratamento.
Brazil has an increasing rate of waste generation where such waste is, for the most part, allocated in landfills. In 2008, the Brazilian government established a national solid waste policy that states that only the economically unviable waste must be placed in landfills, while the controlled landfills and dumps should be closed. Among the available treatments, incineration with energy recovery is presented as an option to be studied once the country has a high energy demand. Therefore, this study aims to study the technologies and the potential for electricity from municipal solid waste incineration in steam cycles. This work was divided into four studies: (i) Study of correlations; (II) Analysis of the influence of the composition; (III) technical and economic analysis of the plant and (IV) economic analysis. The study (I) consists in comparing different correlations and compositions to assess the best choice for calculating the fuel¿s lower heating value. The study¿s goal was to shown the correlations with less difference compared to experimental data and showed that the errors found are not higher than expected by varying the composition due to changing population's habits. Studies (II) and (III) take into account the separation of materials and configuration changes in steam cycles. The study (II) revealed that the separation of the organic matter is beneficial to incineration while removing plastics is harmful. The study (III) revealed that there is considerable upside potential in increasing the efficiency of these cycles. Finally, the study (IV) revealed that, in Brazil, this technology still has high cost and, to make this technology viable, would be important to have higher efficiency and bigger plant scale along with economic stimulation to this technology. As conclusion, was possible to observe the high cost of technology and the potential in the future. This potential can be achieved with planning and public awareness so that, with the end of life of landfills, this technology can be implemented at a cost that enables this technology.
Pavan, Margareth de Cassia Oliveira. "Geração de energia a partir de resíduos sólidos urbanos: avaliação e diretrizes para tecnologias potencialmente aplicáveis no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-10102011-120843/.
Full textThe management of solid waste (MSW) has become a challenge that demands articulated and non-conventional actions because of the quantity and diversity of such wastes. Finding environmentally friendly, socially adequate and economically efficient solutions to overcome this issue is the challenge to be faced. Nevertheless, if properly managed, these wastes can be recovered from the standpoint of energy. Estimates presented in this work highlight a potential power generation from urban waste, in Brazil, around 16 GW (using incineration process) or 5.8 GW (by anaerobic digestion in landfills). Several other advantages of recovering energy from waste could also be rolled as follows: (a) strategic benefits, since it may contribute as an alternative energy source and increase energy supply; (b) environmental benefits, once it contributes to improve waste management and to the mitigation of greenhouse gases; (c) social-economic benefits, due to the development of a Brazilian technology taking advantage of national equipment and materials, and most important, (d) employment of skilled and unskilled labor in the various stages of the energy recovery process. This thesis analyzes though the technologies potentially applicable in Brazil for energy recovery from MSW, and proposes guidelines for such use taking into account the specificities of the Brazilian reality.
Bojor, Olire Innocent. "Evaluation of an alternative organic waste disposal system in Chevron-Escravos : a case study / O.I. Bojor." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2586.
Full textMartins, Benedito Luiz. "Gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos: análise documental e estudo comparativo entre aterro sanitário e incineração para geração de energia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152554.
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O exponencial crescimento populacional e a crescente urbanização, agravado pelo desenvolvimento econômico da sociedade, tem como resultado o crescimento da geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos e também a necessidade cada vez maior de energia. As formas de destinação e disposição de resíduos impactam negativamente o meio ambiente. No entanto, os resíduos podem ser utilizados para recuperação de energia, a qual pode ser adicionada à matriz do país. A realização da gestão integrada dos resíduos sólidos, com base na Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, apresenta também condições para o Brasil atuar de forma responsável e com mais sustentabilidade, através de uso de instrumentos como a logística reversa e a responsabilidade compartilhada, o que pode permitir a composição gradual da hierarquia da boa gestão dos resíduos sólidos: não gerar, reusar, reciclar, destinar e dispor. O objetivo desta tese é realizar um estudo sobre um projeto regional com 39 municípios para análise comparativa para destinação dos rejeitos dos resíduos sólidos urbanos em um incinerador e disposição em um aterro sanitário com captação do biogás, considerando a possibilidade de recuperação energética em ambos os sistemas. Em complemento objetiva-se a elaboração de uma análise documental sobre o tema resíduos sólidos com abordagem de critérios que possam ser comparados entre os dois sistemas, especificamente: emissão de gases de efeito estufa, ocupação de área física de terra, impactos negativos ao meio ambiente e hierarquia dos sistemas na gestão de resíduos sólidos. Para realização deste estudo foram adotadas as seguintes metodologias: análise documental sobre os resíduos sólidos; caracterização gravimétrica das frações de resíduos sólidos produzidas na região; cálculo de captação do biogás com recuperação energética utilizando a equação elabora pelo IPCC - International Panel on Climate Change, com distribuição triangular da produção do metano gerado ao longo dos anos pela degradação lenta e rápida dos resíduos; e recuperação de energia em sistema de incineração adotando-se o valor de 500 kWh por tonelada de resíduo sólido incinerada. Assumiu-se o período de 15 anos de disposição de resíduos sólidos em aterro sanitário, mas com captação do biogás no período de 30 anos, e funcionamento do sistema de incineração pelo período de 30 anos, como forma de comparação da recuperação energética em igual período entre ambos os sistemas. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os sistemas podem produzir energia, mas o sistema de incineração tem eficiência maior em 3,2 vezes. O sistema de aterro sanitário ocupa área física de terra 18 vezes maior e emite gases de efeito estufa 2,9 vezes mais que o sistema de incineração. Ambos os sistemas causam impactos ambientais negativos, e na análise da hierarquia para a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos a destinação de resíduos sólidos em incinerador é estabelecida como a penúltima opção, enquanto que a disposição em aterro sanitário é a última opção. A conclusão do estudo é que a incineração leva vantagem sobre o aterro sanitário na gestão de resíduos sólidos, porque gera mais energia elétrica, emite menos gases de efeito estufa, utiliza menos área física de terra e, por ser um sistema fechado e estanque apresenta melhores condições para mitigação dos impactos ambientais negativos.
The exponential population growth and increasing urbanization, aggravated by the economic development of society, results in the growth of urban solid waste generation and also the increasing need for energy. The destination and disposal of solid waste cause negative impacts in the environment. However, solid waste can be used for energy recovery, which can be added to the country matrix. The implementation of integrated solid waste management, based on the National Solid Waste Policy, also presents conditions for Brazil to act in a responsible and more sustainable way, through the use of instruments such as reverse logistics and shared responsibility, which may allow the gradual composition of the hierarchy of ideal solid waste management: not generate, reuse, recycle, destine and dispose. The objective of this thesis is to realize a study on a regional project with 39 municipalities for comparative analysis for the destination of waste from urban solid waste in an incinerator and disposal in a landfill with biogas capture, considering the possibility of energy recovery in both systems. In addition, the objective of this paper is to elaborate a documentary analysis on the subject of solid waste, with approach to criteria that can be compared between the two systems, specifically: greenhouse gas emissions, occupation of the physical area of land, negative impacts on the environment and hierarchy of systems in solid waste management. In order to carry out this study, the following methodologies were adopted: documentary analysis on solid waste; gravimetric characterization of solid waste fractions produced in the region; calculation of biogas capture with energy recovery using the equation elaborated by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), with a triangular distribution of the methane production generated over the years by the slow and rapid degradation of the wastes; and energy recovery in the incineration system, adopting the value of 500 kWh per ton of solid waste incinerated. It was adopted the period of 15 years for disposal of solid waste in landfill, but with biogas collection over a period of 30 years, and operation of the incineration system for a period of 30 years was used as a way of comparing the energy recovery in the same period between both systems. The results showed that both systems can produce energy, but the incineration system has a higher efficiency by 3,2 times. The landfill system occupies an area of land that is 18 times larger and emits greenhouse gases 2,9 times more than the incineration system. Both systems cause negative environmental impacts, and in the analysis of the hierarchy for the management of municipal solid waste the destination of solid waste in incinerator is established as the penultimate option, while landfill disposal is the last option. The conclusion of the study is that incineration takes advantage of the landfill in solid waste management because it generates more electricity, emits less greenhouse gases, uses less physical land area and, because it is a closed system, it has better conditions to mitigate negative environmental impacts.
Uz, Zaman Atiq. "Technical Development of Waste Sector in Sweden: Survey and LifeCycle Environmental Assessment of Emerging Technologies." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-46334.
Full textLöfgren, Helena. "NOx-reducering vid avfallsförbränning." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-158644.
Full textWaste incineration is used to reduce the volume of waste, destruction of hazardous waste and to extract energy in combined heat and power plants (CHP). Umeå Energi’s CHP Dåva 1 incinerates municipal solid waste (MSW) and other hazardous waste. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are formed in the combustion process. The emission of NOx is regulated in Sweden’s regulation SFS 2013:253 and law 1990:613. Dåva 1 uses selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) with ammonia as flue gas treatment, to reduce NOx in the flue gas. Some of the ammonia in the process remains unreacted (ammonia slip) and it probably contributes to corrosion in the colder economizer. Umeå Energi wants to reduce the NOx emissions without increasing the ammonia related corrosion of the economizer. In the present study, the possibility to reduce NOx formation by SNCR optimization was evaluated. Furthermore an investigation on the use of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) in waste incineration plants in Sweden, and whether it is beneficent to install in Dåva 1, was included. The current efficiency of the SNCR system was tested by switching of the ammonia in short periods of time and measuring and logging the flue gas composition. The efficiency (80 %) proved to be very high if operated at the optimal temperature. ButHowever, the test also showed that the temperature limits for the injection levels could be optimized for improved efficiency. Improved efficiency at all temperatures could reduce both NOx emission and ammonia use. The use of SCR in Swedish waste incineration plants was investigated through interviews. It was found that only five plants are equipped with SCR and they were placed in the clean gas position – after electrostatic precipitatorelectric filter and wet scrubber treatment. The contents of the flue gas was examined monitored at three positions at Dåva 1. The content of SO2, HCl and dust were measured, which in combination with ammonia can cause coating with reduces the efficiency of the catalyst. All three positions were located after the textile filters and had low contents of dust. Position A was located between the textile fabric filters and the economizers and was the hottest position with 205℃. Position B was located after the economizers and had the temperature of 145℃. Position C had the cleanest and thereby the safest position for a catalyst, due to its location after all the flue gas treatments, but the temperature was only 65℃ and requires most re-heating of the flue gas. Since the SNCR system proved to have potential to be more efficient, it should be optimized before considering an investment in a SCR system.
Karolina, Bengtsdotter. "Interaktioner mellan svavel, klor och kvicksilver vid avfallsförbränning." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148911.
Full textFor a long time, mercury has been a very popular to use in different kinds of products due to its unique properties. Which has led to a lot of different things containing mercury ends up in waste plants to be incinerated. Mercury are also considered to be one of the most dangerous substances and therefore emissions needs to be kept at minimum. Oxidizing mercury from its form Hg0 to Hg2+ is considered to be extremely important due to the later are easier to remove from the flue gas. The main objective with this thesis was to investigate if mercury would exist more in its elementary form Hg0 than its oxidized state Hg2+ in the flue gas when the ratio between sulfur and chlorine was changed. The former is insoluble in water and therefore difficult to remove from the flue gas with today’s cleaning facility’s. It is also considered one of the more dangerous substances in the world. The project was done in collaboration with Umeå Energi AB. The method that was used to explore this was measuring the mercury content of the flue gas from the waste fired boiler Dåva 1 outside Umeå. The measurement was done with and without extra sulfur added to the fuel in the form of car tires. An additional analysis was done on the ash from the fabricfilter and from the superheater to see if there was something there to give some clarity on why there would be any change in the amount of mercury. The measurement did indeed indicate that sulfur increases the amount of mercury in the flue gas. The main theory to why this has occurred was the increased amount of SO3, which could be found in the flue gas when extra sulphur was added. SO3 is then absorbed by the activated carbon that is added to the flue gas that should have absorbed Hg0 instead. However, this result is not conclusive and further studies needs to be done. Another possible theory to why this has occurred could be that the increase of sulfur could lead to more Na2SO4 in the particle filter. Which could have led to a decrease of NaCl in the filter that could perhaps be a more efficient oxidizing agent of Hg0 than HCl. Another thing that has been revealed is that the cleaning systems that is used today is capable of cleaning mercury from the flue gas even though the added sulfur caused an increase in the amount.
Kopecký, Václav. "Význam dodávky tepla ze zařízení energetického využití odpadů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400865.
Full textJohansson, Anton, and Axel Jonasson. "Rökgasrening för småskalig avfallsförbränning i länder under utveckling : En kartläggning över föroreningar i rökgaser, deras uppkomst och hur de kan reduceras." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanisk värmeteori och strömningslära, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143273.
Full textThe company Againity AB has plans to apply waste incineration systems in regions where waste management is a major issue. To manage this Againity must take flue gas treatment in consideration. As flue gas treatment isn’t their area of expertise, a disquisition of combustion techniques, pollution and emission standards will be necessary. Henceforth can an evaluation of which flue gas treatment techniques that would be suitable for waste incineration plants in the regions where the plants are intended to be. By incinerate waste in an incineration plant there is good conditions to obtain a less polluted flue gas just by using good combustion techniques. In a plant where you can control the combustion, a certain desired temperature can be achieved by injecting the right amount of air. The combination of a temperature around 800 – 1100 °C and a residence time of at least two seconds, result in complete combustion of the waste and emissions of environmental pollutants will be reduced. Based on emission standards, certain pollutants have been evaluated. One of those pollutants is sulphur dioxide, which contribute to acidification of earth and water. Another relevant pollutant is dioxins, which is harmful for humans and animals due to its capability of biomagnification. To acquire as clean flue gas as possible several flue gas treatment techniques should be applied in combination. By using filters in general, dust and particles bound in dust can be separated from the flue gas. As for acidic gases, these must react with another substance first to be separated. Nitrogen oxides however cannot be separated from the flue gas as the recently mentioned pollutants can, they can only be reduced by reacting with a reducing agent to form harmless gases. Thanks to available data concerning waste fractions, theoretical values of some pollutants in flue gases has been calculated. Emission measurements at waste incineration plants made by the company Testo, has been used for other pollutants. Calculated and measured values has been compared to the emission standards of Vietnam and the European Union and depending on the outcome of the comparison, suggestions of flue-gas techniques has been presented. Different suggestions of flue-gas systems have been presented depending of economic resources and to what extent the emissions should be reduced. Our conclusion is that complete combustion is a fundamental factor that operators must focus on. Electrostatic precipitator is a flue-gas technique that all our suggestions have in common and is a technique that we strongly recommend. We also recommend other flue-gas techniques such as scrubber and SNCR, but these methods are not always necessary. Planning of advanced flue-gas treatment needs consideration of the environmental requirements, the economic resources available and the functionality of the infrastructure.
Leite, Clauber Barão. "TRATAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS COM APROVEITAMENTO ENERGÉTICO: AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA ENTRE AS TECNOLOGIAS DE DIGESTÃO ANAERÓBIA E INCINERAÇÃO." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106131/tde-28032017-134502/.
Full textThree issues of the XXI century society can be pointed out: The increasing volume of waste generation, the lack of adequate waste treatment systems and the increasing demand of energy. The search for alternatives to deal with these issues is calling the attention of both public and private agents who are engaged in exploring solutions not yet in place in most part of developing countries. The National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS), established by the Law # 12,305/2010, set a new paradigm for the solid waste management in Brazil. Amongst the proposed changes, one of the most relevance is the destination of the so-called \"rejects\" to landfill, in which \"rejects\" stands for the residues that can no longer be processed. To abide by this law will require the analysis of alternatives for treating the residues prior to their final disposal. Amongst the possible solutions, there is the utilization of residues to generate electric energy. In this context, this master\'s thesis examines the two of the most used technologies in the developed world anaerobic digestion and incineration and evaluation their economic feasibility in the Brazilian scenario, particularly in the State of São Paulo. The analysis took as an assumption that the PNRS is a law that shall be enforced as it was stated, and that its compliance will require in a significant change in the way the solid waste management is done within the country. For the regions analyzed, our results showed that, under the PNRS requirements, the anaerobic digestion appeared to be more feasible than the incineration technology. Additionally, our work also indicates that, beyond the economic aspects, other issues such as environmental, social and cultural ones are fundamental for the decision making regarding the best technology applied in urban solid waste process.
Venhoda, Tomáš. "Simulace technologií pro termické zpracování odpadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230620.
Full textHejde, Alexander, and Peter Kylén. "10 kamp i fjärrvärme : Hur ett befintligt fjärrvärmesystem kan bli mer effektivt." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4811.
Full textFjärrvärmen utgör idag ungefär 12 % (48 TWh) av Sveriges totala energianvändning. Starka argument att använda fjärrvärme för att tillgodose bostäders och lokalers värmebehov är möjligheten att använda olika bränslen av skiftande pris och kvalitet, den goda verkningsgraden en centraliserad värmeanläggning erhåller samt fördelen med att kombinera produktionen av el och värme.
Halmstad energi och miljö (HEM), förser Halmstad och närområdet med fjärrvärme och total mängd producerad energi uppgick 2009 till 596 GWh. Avfall och biobränsle utgör den största produktionsandelen men även industriell spillvärme samt mindre mängder olja och naturgas används för att framställa värme.
Konkurrenssituationen för fjärrvärme är på många orter i det närmsta monopolistisk där en stor aktör äger hela marknaden. Det är viktigt att förbättra fjärrvärmesystemet för att i framtiden behålla dess konkurrenskraft. Följande rapport utreder och beskriver åtgärder för att göra ett redan befintligt fjärrvärmesystem mer effektivt.
Utifrån möten med personal på HEM har tio punkter presenterats, vilka utvärderar olika delmoment i Halmstads fjärrvärmesystem. Utifrån dessa punkter presenteras en ”kvalitetsstämpel” vilken beskriver hur väl HEM:s fjärrvärmesystem fungerar inom respektive delområde.
Slutsatsen av rapporten visar att förbättringspotential ur en energieffektiv synvinkel är möjlig men att de ekonomiska fördelarna är få.
District heating constitutes about 12 % (48 TWh) of the total energy usage in Sweden. Arguments for utilize district heating to provide housings and premises with heat are the possibility to use different kinds of fuels with various prices and quality, the good efficiency a centralized heating plant gives and the benefits of produce electricity and heat at the same time.
The energy company HEM supplies Halmstad and surrounding area with district heating and the produced amount of energy 2009 was 596 GWh. Waste and bio fuels constitutes the largest part of produced energy but also industrial lost heat and small amounts of oil and natural gas are used to produce heat.
The competitive situation for district heating is in many places close to monopolistic because only one major participant owns the market. It is important to improve a district heating system to maintain it’s ability to be competitive in the future. The following report investigates and describes interventions to make an already existing district heating system more efficient.
From meetings with personnel, ten items has been presented evaluating different elements in the district heating system of Halmstad. These elements also give a view of how well HEM:s district heating system works in different areas.
The conclusion of this report shows that the potential of a more energy efficient system is possible but the economical benefits are few.
Korytár, Zbyněk. "Návrh spalovny odpadu s parní turbinou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230307.
Full textŠíma, Kamil. "Energetické využití komunálního odpadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229193.
Full textProcházka, Jaroslav. "Energetické využití komunálního odpadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229473.
Full textBravený, Adam. "Udržitelnost systémů odpadového hospodářství." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231047.
Full textМаценко, Олександр Михайлович, Александр Михайлович Маценко, Oleksandr Mykhailovych Matsenko, Євгеній Вікторович Хилько, Евгений Викторович Хилько, and Yevhenii Viktorovych Khilko. "Досвід країн ЄС в управлінні екологічно безпечною переробкою вторинних ресурсів." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/80639.
Full textKlimek, Petr. "Hodnocení efektivity využití odpadů k výrobě energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229120.
Full textFrýba, Lukáš. "Analýza alternativ odstraňování PCDD/F při spalování odpadů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229471.
Full textSzegedi, Peter. "Výroba tepla a elektrické energie ve spalovně směsného komunálního odpadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230117.
Full textKrejčí, Tomáš. "Středotonážní spalovna odpadů - systém čištění spalin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231797.
Full textReich, Jens. "Optimierung des Elutionsverhaltens von Aschen aus der Sonderabfallverbrennung - Optimisation of the leaching behaviour from hazardous waste incineration ashes." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2001. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-05252001-095712/.
Full textLúčanský, Igor. "Planning and Valuation of Investment Project - MSW Incinerator in Banska Bystrica." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205670.
Full textHodonský, Lukáš. "Parní turbína pro spalovnu odpadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378512.
Full textHeiderich, Nadja Nara Lima. "Modelagem matemática para a localização ótima de usinas de incineração com recuperação energética de resíduos sólidos domiciliaries: uma aplicação para Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista e Litoral Norte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-08022012-094724/.
Full textThis study aimed to propose a mathematical modeling framework for optimal location of units of the thermal treatment of waste with energy recovery. To this end, the tool used was the method of mixed integer programming, and the developed modeling applied to the Santos Metropolitan Region and North Coast. It was considered as the basic premise that the incineration process would be operated by the Government; all municipalities solid waste generators were considered as potential locations for the installation of the unit thermal treatment of waste, all landfills that serve municipalities studied were considered for receipt of slag and ash from the incineration process. Four scenarios were specified for this analysis that addressed competitiveness in relation to the use of landfills and the presence of selective collection efficiency in the municipalities. Results showed that the unit of thermal treatment of waste should be located in the vicinity of the cities of Santos, São Vicente and Praia Grande. Even with the option of using landfill, the deployment of the unit of thermal treatment of waste is presented as an alternative more favorable, having been taken into account in the proposed model, both environmental and economic aspects.
David, Sylvain. "Capacités des réacteurs hybrides au plomb pour la production d'énergie et l'incinération avec multirecyclage des combustibles : évolution des paramètres physiques : radiotoxicités induites." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10042.
Full textLi, Hong-Yi, and 李宏鎰. "A Study on Waste to Energy Performance for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g7vd64.
Full text國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
101
As economic developments and advance of the living standard, waste management becomes an important topic for environmental protection. So far, garbage disposal methods are mainly landfill, incineration, and resource recycle. In Taiwan, incineration is the main direction for current waste management policy due to not large enough geography area for constructing more sanitary landfills. In the meantime, transformation of Taiwan life style diverse disposals; hence, landfill method in Taiwan is foreseen its limitations. In order to operate profitably as well as comply government policy, Municipal Waste Incinerations (MWI) require sufficient disposals and co-generation power plant to maintain profitable operations. The purpose of this research is to analyze 24 incinerators between 2003 to 2012 and identify average value of electricity-generated inefficiency. The result implies that electricity-generated inefficiency for Taiwan incinerators decrease average 22.8% through time-being, which means the improvements of electricity production during this decade. The study also determines 0.113 as the minimum inefficiency value presented by Kaohsiung County Renwu Incineration plant, that implies higher efficiency. Additionally, the study also found that northern private-owned plants operate more efficiently than public-owned plants. Besides to Kaohsiung County Renwu incineration plant, a public-owned plants, Yilan County Letzer refuse incineration plant, New Taipei City Hsintien refuse incineration plant, and Chiayi City refuse incineration plant are relatively identified as higher efficiency private-owned plants. To comply with environmental protection policy, waste incinerators now require more general wastes to fulfill capacity and achieve certain profits. However, general wastes cause unstable effects for incinerators and operational difficulties, which is foreseen to damage incinerators as well as increase the maintenance costs. Suggest public-owned incinerators to recruit management professionals to increase operational efficiency and prevent financial deficits.
Kang, Wen-Lin, and 康雯琳. "Operational Performance of a BOT Incineration Plant: A Case Study of Yong Kang Municipal Waste-to-energy Incineration Plant." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86775595822052200702.
Full text崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
98
At present in Taiwan, the main principal of waste treatment is “major for incineration, minor for landfill”, which is also dependent on the integrated regional planning as well as urban development. Until 2010, there are 24 incineration plants, including 5 by “public owner public operation” and others by “public owner private operation”. The policy of “public owner private operation” concerns governmental finances and human power. This study first collected related literature, including laws and policies of environmental protection and others. Two case-study plants, one for “public owner private operation”, another for “public owner public operation”, are selected to compare with their differences. Discussion of the performance is focused on the indicators of cost-benefit analysis, human-power efficiency, service efficiency, goal-achievement rate, energy recovery, and annual operation of incineration. The results show all the indicators of “public owner private operation” are better than those of “public owner public operation”. This can benefit the government for reducing financial loading.
Černý, David. "Právní úprava skládkování odpadů." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347602.
Full textGomes, Sónia Maria Abelha. "Sistemas de gestão de resíduos urbanos: incineração e sustentabilidade: caso de estudo." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/9037.
Full textThis research, for Master in Environmental Citizenship and Participation (MCAP) studies the relationship between waste-to-energy (WtE) as a form of municipal solid waste treatment in Portugal and Switzerland and its energetic efficiency and potential in attempt to defend this type of disposable is a viable alternative as well preferable to other forms of disposable pathways such as landfill, as well as a energy source. Municipal solid waste has become a Government priority since the half 20th Century, associated to environmental problems and contamination and seen as resource to respond to natural resources depletion. The increase of waste per capita is directly linked both to consumption and better quality of life of modern societies and demands a combination of strategies and managements systems that allows and priorities the reuse of goods and recycling and a profitable way of disposal. Ever since european framework on landfill prohibit the disposal of organic waste as well limited other types of waste has become necessary to find new ways to address the problem of disposal that assures the public health and environmental safety. Therefor WtE immerges as a viable and efficient alternative both as a disposal and electrical energy production. In this context, this research addresses the different municipal waste management systems in Portugal and Switzerland, directed to energy recovery systems, thermal waste treatment and evaluates the potential electrical energy production in WtE facilities in both countries. To do so, a project was accompanied by the author, to a WtE facility in Switzerland, in which an external economizer was installed to increase it the energy potential and the possibility to apply the same methodology in both portuguese WtE. This study is based on thermodynamic calculations, to determent the impacts that this equipment will have in the system as a whole and evaluate if there is a potential waste that could be capture and eventually use in the process, and based on evaluation in place to determent if, in fact, there is enough space to apply and built this structure. Both WtE in Portugal were visit and interviews took place with chef’s departments, to understand the process and collect data that would allow to stablish the potential. Dude to a lack of detail and specific information, it wasn´t possible to make a more exhaustive study. However, is was possible to conclude that the system in Switzerland can be applied in Portugal, were production can be diversified, steam and electrical energy, diversifying incomes as well.
Shih-Tsung, Hsu. "Heat Transfer Analysis of A Stirling Engine Using Incinerator Waste Energy." 2002. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0022-1409200710323114.
Full textHsu, Shih-Tsung, and 許世宗. "Heat Transfer Analysis of A Stirling Engine Using Incinerator Waste Energy." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yh4a2x.
Full text國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
90
A free-piston Stirling engine integrated with a linear alternator and an incinerator is able to effectively recover the waste energy and generate electrical power. In this study, a cycle-averaged heat transfer model is employed to investigate the performance of a free-piston Stirling engine installed on an incinerator. With the input of source and sink temperatures and realistic heat transfer coefficients, the efficiency and the optimal power output are estimated, and the effects induced by internal and external irreversibilities are also evaluated. Results of this study provide valuable information for engineers and designers to recover energy from small-scale incinerators.
Lan, Der-Jang, and 藍得彰. "Ⅰ.Characterization and Removal of Radionuclide 60Co from the Sediment Using Microwave Energy Ⅱ.A Study for Determination of Copper, Lead, Cadmium, Nickel and Chromium in Fly Ash and Bottom Ash from Municipal Waste Incinerator by Microwave Digestion with." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89166396648334244933.
Full text淡江大學
水資源及環境工程學系
87
Ⅰ. Characterization and Removal of Radionuclide 60Co from the Sediment Using Microwave Energy The goals of this study are to characterize the radionuclides 60Co absorbed on soil and to remove this metal from contaminated soil by microwave treatment. This study is concentrated on the application of microwave oven for chemical extraction of radionuclide 60Co in soil. The various experimental condition (microwave power, organic reagents, chelating agent, extraction time, and extraction sequences) were explored and optimized to improve the removing efficiency. The results showed that the removal of 60Co was 42.76% after microwave treatment with ammonium oxalate solution. However, the microwave removing efficiency of 60Co with ammonium oxalate solution twice were improved and increased to 72.37%. The microwave treatment has advantages of simple operation, decrease processing time and low cost equipment required. Ⅱ.A Study for Determination of Copper, Lead, Cadmium, Nickel and Chromium in Fly Ash and Bottom Ash from Municipal Waste Incinerator by Microwave Digestion with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry The traditional techniques for sample preparation such as alkaline fusion and aqua regia dissolution will take many hours to digest the ash samples. In contrast, the samples digested by microwave energy are fast due to the increased heating that occurs from the microwave interaction with the reagents and samples. Therefore, microwave digestion procedures are becoming more popular as they considerably reduce the amount of time spent preparing the sample for the spectrometric analysis. This study was based on modified USEPA Method 3052 and the operating conditions as microwave power, the type and the concentration of acids, the numbers of digestion and digestion time were explored and optimized to digest the ashes from municipal waste incineration completely. The conditions of microwave digesting methods were as following: 0.2g sample was weighed into a vessel and added with 3mL HNO3, 1mL each of HCl and HF. The microwave digestion system was programmed as that of Method 3052. After completion of the microwave program and cooling to room temperature, 10mL of H3BO3 was added to the vessel. The system was programmed again as the same parameters. The results were in good agreement with certified reference material (BCR No. 176), and successfully applied to the determination of copper, lead, cadmium, nickel and chromium in fly ash and bottom ash from municipal waste incineration.