Relevant bibliographies by topics / Waste Disposal Systems

Academic literature on the topic 'Waste Disposal Systems'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Waste Disposal Systems"

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Wada, Yasuhiko, Takuma Okumoto, and Nariaki Wada. "Evaluating waste disposal systems." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 10, no. 2 (September 2008): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-008-0209-1.

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Jindal, A. K., Arun Gupta, V. S. Grewal, and Ajoy Mahen. "Biomedical waste disposal: A systems analysis." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 69, no. 4 (October 2013): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.09.007.

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Adzawla, William, Adam Tahidu, Salisu Mustapha, and Shaibu B. Azumah. "Do socioeconomic factors influence households’ solid waste disposal systems? Evidence from Ghana." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 1_suppl (January 2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18817717.

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Solid waste management remains a major challenge in Ghana, especially in the peri-urban and urban areas. The implications from this bottleneck are widely acknowledged. Nonetheless, fundamental issues such as the factors that drive households into the adoption of a particular solid waste disposal system have not been explored. This study applied a multinomial logit approach using 16,767 households in the Ghana Living Standard Survey round six data to examine whether or not socioeconomic factors influence households’ decision to adopt a particular solid waste disposal system. The results established that a number of the hypothesised socioeconomic factors drive households into the use of a particular solid waste disposal system. For instance, education of households on solid waste management is important to increase households’ decision into collecting wastes other than open dumping or burning. The characteristics of houses and the location of households also influence waste disposal systems in Ghana. We conclude that solid waste disposal at unapproved places was largely influenced by socioeconomic characteristics other than income or welfare of households. We recommend continuous advocacy programmes on improved solid waste management systems, led by the various decentralised governance structures such as the District Assemblies, to curb the menace.
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Mallants, Dirk, Karl Travis, Neil Chapman, Patrick V. Brady, and Hefin Griffiths. "The State of the Science and Technology in Deep Borehole Disposal of Nuclear Waste." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040833.

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This Special Issue of the Energies Journal on Deep Borehole Disposal of Nuclear Waste has delivered a timely update on the science and technology of borehole disposal and the types of radioactive wastes it could potentially accommodate. The Special Issue papers discuss (i) circumstances under which a national waste management programme might wish to consider deep borehole disposal; (ii) a status report of deep borehole disposal options in Germany; (iii) the analysis of corrosion performance of engineered barrier systems; (iv) a review of the potential cementing systems suitable for deep borehole disposal; (v) the thermal evolution around heat-generating waste for a wide range of material properties and disposal configurations; (vi) a geochemical analysis of deep brines focussed on fluid-rock interactions; (vii) post-closure performance assessment calculations for deep borehole disposal of Cs/Sr capsules and an example safety case for (viii) horizontal and (ix) vertical deep borehole disposal of nuclear wastes.
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Fleming, G. "Clayey barrier systems for waste disposal facilities." Environmental Pollution 91, no. 1 (1996): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(96)90012-3.

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Fannin, R. Jonathan. "Clayey barrier systems for waste disposal facilities." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-144.

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Zhao, Jun, and Lixiang Huang. "Multi-Period Network Design Problem in Regional Hazardous Waste Management Systems." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 8, 2019): 2042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112042.

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The management of hazardous wastes in regions is required to design a multi-echelon network with multiple facilities including recycling, treatment and disposal centers servicing the transportation, recycling, treatment and disposal procedures of hazardous wastes and waste residues. The multi-period network design problem within is to determine the location of waste facilities and allocation/transportation of wastes/residues in each period during the planning horizon, such that the total cost and total risk in the location and transportation procedures are minimized. With consideration of the life cycle capacity of disposal centers, we formulate the problem as a bi-objective mixed integer linear programming model in which a unified modeling strategy is designed to describe the closing of existing waste facilities and the opening of new waste facilities. By exploiting the characteristics of the proposed model, an augmented ε -constraint algorithm is developed to solve the model and find highly qualified representative non-dominated solutions. Finally, computational results of a realistic case demonstrate that our algorithm can identify obviously distinct and uniformly distributed representative non-dominated solutions within reasonable time, revealing the trade-off between the total cost and total risk objectives efficiently. Meanwhile, the multi-period network design optimization is superior to the single-period optimization in terms of the objective quality.
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Zhigulina, Anna Y., and Alla M. Ponomarenko. "Innovative solutions in the design of waste disposal systems for multi-storey buildings." Urban construction and architecture 12, no. 4 (January 20, 2023): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/10.17673/vestnik.2022.04.1.

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The article is devoted to the problem of creating rational and efficient systems of waste disposal and waste disposal in modern cities and is considered as part of the global problem of rational consumption of the planet's material resources. The relevance of the development of modern methods for the collection and disposal of waste is due to the catastrophic pace of their increase on a global scale and the obvious irrationality of their burial and incineration. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional and modern improved waste disposal systems for buildings are considered. Conclusions are drawn about the need to form a systematic approach to the disposal of municipal solid waste, as well as the need to create and widely introduce modern waste disposal systems into the practice of urban construction. The introduction of such systems can be interpreted as one of the steps towards rational environmental management.
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Bochkareva, Irina I., Andrey G. Sharikalov, Nikita A. Saburov, and Vasil F. Kalimullin. "WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS WITHOUT LANDFILLS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 4, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-4-2-25-30.

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The paper considers the project idea of creating eco-technology parks, which allows creating a fundamentally new system of waste management in the regions, which will lead to the gradual abandonment of landfill disposal of garbage.
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Kuznetsov, S. N., E. P. Volynkina, and E. V. Protopopov. "Organic-waste disposal in high-temperature metallurgical systems." Steel in Translation 45, no. 5 (May 2015): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s096709121505006x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Waste Disposal Systems"

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Wilson, Bruce Gordon. "Systems modelling of municipal solid waste collection operations /." *McMaster only, 2001.

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Bonnett, Timothy Charles. "A systems view of the nuclear waste dilemma." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01202010-020205/.

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Harvey, Penelope. "The material politics of waste disposal - decentralization and integrated systems." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/79784.

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Este artículo, y el anterior «Encuentros y desencuentros del estado local y regional en la gestión integrada de los residuos sólidos. Una tarea pendiente en el Valle Sagrado» de Teresa Tupayachi, son trabajos complementarios sobre la gestión de residuos sólidos en el valle del Vilcanota en Cusco. Penelope Harvey and Teresa Tupayachi trabajaron juntas el tema. El presente artículo investiga cómo se experimentan y entienden las discontinuidades entre diversas instancias del Estado. A partir de un estudio etnográfico del Valle Sagrado, en el departamento de Cusco, el artículo examina las políticas de la materia que implica la gestión de residuos sólidos en tiempos neoliberales. Enfrentados con el problema de cómo manejar los residuos sólidos, los ciudadanos del Cusco y del Valle Sagrado experimentan una falta de responsabilidad institucional y demandan mayor presencia del Estado. El artículo describe los esfuerzos de los expertos técnicos por diseñar sistemas integrales para la gestión de los residuos, sistemas que aprovechan las posibilidades de reciclado para transformar la ‘basura’ (materia tóxica) en materia con vitalidad económica, lo que ahora se conoce como ‘residuos sólidos’. La financiación de los residuos parece llevar a un bien común incontestable. Sin embargo, encontramos que en la práctica los esfuerzos para diseñar un sistema viable para recolectar y tratar a los residuos en un espacio político descentralizante manifiesta profundas tensiones y contradicciones sociales. Las discontinuidades sociales que la descentralización implica perturban las posibilidades y promesas de los infraestructuras integradas. Los actores locales resisten las soluciones que se impone desde arriba y buscan no solo soluciones alternativas, sino también nuevas maneras de formular los problemas de un modo más preciso, y su relación más amplia con el Estado.
This article and the previous «Convergence and divergence between the local and regional state around solid waste management. An unresolved problem in the Sacred Valley» from Teresa Tupayachi are published as complementary accounts on the management of solid waste in the Vilcanota Valley in Cusco. Penelope Harvey and Teresa Tupayachi worked together on this theme. The present article explores how discontinuities across diverse instances of the state are experienced and understood. Drawing from an ethnographic study of the Vilcanota Valley in Cusco, the article looks at the material politics of waste disposal in neoliberal times. Faced with the problem of how to dispose of solid waste, people from Cusco experience a lack of institutional responsibility and call for a stronger state presence. The article describes the efforts by technical experts to design integrated waste management systems that maximise the potential for re-cycling, minimise toxic contamination, and turn ‘rubbish’ into the altogether more economically lively category of ‘solid waste’. However while the financialization of waste might appear to offer an indisputable public good, efforts to instigate a viable waste disposal business in a decentralizing political space elicit deep social tensions and contradictions. The social discontinuities that decentralization supports disrupt ambitions for integrated solutions as local actors resist top-down models and look not just for alternative solutions, but alternative ways of framing the problem of urban waste, and by extension their relationship to the state.
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Carver, S. J. "Application of geographic information systems to siting radioactive waste disposal facilities." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315467.

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Smith, Kurt. "Radionuclide behaviour in hyperalkaline systems relevant to geological disposal of radioactive waste." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/radionuclide-behaviour-in-hyperalkaline-systems-relevant-to-geological-disposal-of-radioactive-waste(0b04ab1b-4392-4cd3-81d7-c2ba02fd782d).html.

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In many countries the current plan for the management of intermediate and high level radioactive wastes is to dispose of the radioactive materials underground in a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) to prevent release of radioactivity to the environment. In the UK, the repository for intermediate level waste may be backfilled with cementitious material and it is clear that grout and cement will be used during many disposal concepts. Upon saturation, the cement will react creating a region of hyperalkaline geochemical conditions extending away from the GDF, within which, significant changes in radionuclide behaviour are expected. Therefore, this thesis utilises a range of experimental and analytical techniques to try to gain a mechanistic understanding of the behaviour of some key radionuclides (U(VI), Np(V) and Eu(III) as an analogue for Cm(III)/Am(III)) in a range of high pH systems of direct relevance to any cementitious GDF. U(VI) interaction with calcite (calcium carbonate, a common component in high pH cements and the natural environment) surfaces was studied in the 'old' (Ca(OH)2 solution; pH 10.5) and 'young' (Na+, K+, Ca2+; pH 13.3) leachates. In the 'old' leachate, luminescence spectroscopy, batch experiments and kinetic modelling suggested that at low concentrations (smaller or equal to 0.42 µM) a Ca2UO2(CO3)3-like surface complex formed. At higher concentrations, batch experiments, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and luminescence suggested that a surface mediated precipitation mechanism was controlling U(VI) concentrations. Further TEM analysis confirmed that a calcium uranate (CaUO4) solid phase was forming on the calcite surfaces. In the 'young' leachate, batch experiments showed that U(VI) had little affinity for the calcite surface, with no statistically relevant removal from solution observed over a 18 month period. Small angle X-ray diffraction data demonstrated that the U(VI) was probably present in the form of U(VI) intrinsic colloids. Np(V) solubility and sorption to calcite under hyperalkaline conditions were studied using batch, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and geochemical modelling techniques. It was determined that Np(V) solubility in 'old' cement leachates was consistent with the literature. However, in 'young' cement leachates, an unidentified calcium containing phase was controlling solubility. It was demonstrated that sorption to calcite in 'old' leachates was controlled by the formation of a >CO3NpO2 surface complex, whereas, in the 'young' leachates interaction with the calcite surface was controlled by a precipitation mechanism. Eu(III) sorption to a potential GDF backfill material, Nirex Reference Vault Backfill (NRVB) cement, was studied. The kinetics of removal were rapid with 98.5% Eu(III) removal within 24 hours. Ultrafiltration experiments indicated that all Eu(III) remaining in solution was associated with NRVB derived colloids. Additional experiments using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a competing ligand show that removal from solution was significantly reduced at high concentrations (>0.01 M). These EDTA experiments also indicated some irreversibility in the systems, possibly caused by incorporation into the C-S-H or calcite structures.
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Smeby, Kristen Lyn. "Occurrence and fate of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in wastewater treatment systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19914.

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Salim, Mohd Razman. "Comparative studies of landfill leachate treatment using aerobic, anaerobic and adsorption systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/373.

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Landfill leachate with its variable and complex characteristics poses a well established threat to the environment. Enhancement of the environmental quality through the minimization of the leachate problem should therefore be the major objective of good landfill management. The need to control and manage landfill leachate has resulted in various treatment alternatives which include both biological and physical-chemical processes. The research described in this thesis discusses the feasibility of biological and physical-chemical treatment of leachate based on laboratoryscale reactors. After a short introduction, a review of the relevant literature on solid waste disposal including landfilling, leachate generation and the treatment alternatives was presented. Comparative experimental studies were then carried out using an aerobic rotating biological contactor (RBC), an upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) and an activated carbon (AC) adsorption column for treating landfill leachate. The effect of a range of parameters on the performance and operation of the RBC, the UAF and the AC column has been evaluated in the study From the experimental results, an RBC was found to achieve a better performance when treating a low strength (LS) leachate, whereas a high strength (HS) leachate would be much better treated by a UAF. For the LS leachate treatment, a COD removal of 80% at a loading rate of 6 kg COD/m3.d was achieved by the RBC as compared to only 60% by the UAF. Whereas for the HS leachate the RBC achieved a COD removal of only 50% at the loading rate of 14 kg COD/m3.d as compared to 60% by the UAF. Direct physical-chemical treatment process in treating leachate using an AC adsorption was also investigated. The results obtained showed that the adsorption process was not capable of achieving the desired effluent requirement, with 20% residual organic fractions still remaining in the effluent. The need to remove this biodegradable organic matter by biological processes was found to be necessary. It is suggested that to achieve satisfactory treatment, anaerobic UAF treatment of leachate followed by aerobic RBC and a final polishing with AC column should be used.
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Neufeld, Josh D. "Development of a quantitative method for functional gene detection in pulp and paper wastewater treatment systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33430.

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The recent development of culture-independent methods has revolutionized the study of complex microbial communities such as those present in activated sludge treatment systems. DNA probes that hybridize to genes coding for key enzymes that catalyze microbial processes have been widely used. Can such probes be used to quantify target genes and thus quantify the potential of a microbial community to carry out a reaction of interest?
Optimal conditions for DNA extraction, probe validation, hybridization, and activity measurements were determined for the pulp and paper treatment system environment under study. Using gene probes for key denitrification genes (nirS, nirK), the correlation between denitrifiers and denitrification activity in an enrichment culture and activated sludge samples was tested. The same correlation between nitrogen fixation and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in primary clarifiers was assessed using a probe for the gene encoding a component of the nitrogenase enzyme (nifH). This work was successful in establishing the correlation between gene numbers and their corresponding enzymatic activity and thus supports the quantitative hybridization approach for the monitoring of microbial communities. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Frigon, Dominic. "Molecular and phenotypic characterization of the microbial communities in two pulp and paper wastewater treatment systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29803.

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Phylogenetic hybridization and phenotypic fingerprinting were applied to the analysis of bacterial communities in wastewater treatment systems. These approaches were aimed at (i) developing monitoring tools able to foresee operational problems, and (ii) providing the rationale to optimize the operation of bioreactors. The work presented is intended to first describe the community found in two reactors treating pulp and paper mill effluent, and second evaluate the possibilities of these techniques with respect to the development of new monitoring tools.
Phylogenetic membrane hybridization showed that the bacterial communities were dominated by Alpha and Beta Proteobacteria, a structure probably linked to the low F:M ratio. Other important factors determining the community structure were the proportion of COD in the high molecular weight fraction, the sludge age, phosphate addition, and the concentration of specific compounds (alcohols, phenols, volatile fatty acids) in the influent. The community structure partly determined the sludge characteristics demonstrating its potential value in the assessment of reactor performance. The results obtained by phylogenetic membrane hybridization suggest that the probes used in a monitoring tool would not need to be targeted to the species level to provide relevant information. However, they also suggest that the technique is more sensitive to changes in population density as opposed to changes in bacterial metabolism.
Phenotypic fingerprinting measured a smaller difference between the communities of the two reactors studied than what was measured by phylogenetic membrane hybridization. However, differences in heterotrophic activities observed between the two communities were linked to differences in influent composition.
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Ijzerman, M. Marian. "Evaluation of shallow-placed low pressure distribution systems in soils marginally suited for on-site waste treatment." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040620/.

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Books on the topic "Waste Disposal Systems"

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Rao, Bhamidimarri, International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control., Massey University, and New Zealand. Dept. of Health., eds. Alternative waste treatment systems. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1988.

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K, Rowe R., and Rowe R. K, eds. Barrier systems for waste disposal facilities. New York: Spon Press, 2004.

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P, Lewis Sangeeta, ed. Waste containment systems, waste stabilization, and landfills: Design and evaluation. New York: J. Wiley, 1994.

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Rowe, R. Kerry. Clayey barrier systems for waste disposal facilities. London: E. & FN Spon, 1995.

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M, Quigley Robert, and Booker John R, eds. Clayey barrier systems for waste disposal facilities. London: E & FN Spon, 1997.

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International Atomic Energy Agency; IAEA. Performance assessment for underground radioactive waste disposal systems. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1985.

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J, Varma C. V., and Committee for International Geosynthetics Society (India), eds. Waste containment with geosynthetics. [New Delhi]: Committee for International Geosynthetics Society (India), 1997.

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United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, ed. OCRWM Systems Engineering Management Plan (SEMP). Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, 1990.

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Sulphur-assisted corrosion in nuclear disposal systems. Leeds: Maney Publishing, 2011.

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1949-, Clark Michael, Smith Denis 1956-, and Blowers Andrew, eds. Waste location: Spatial aspects of waste management, hazards, and disposal. London: Routledge, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Waste Disposal Systems"

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Viraraghavan, T. "Land waste disposal systems." In Environmental Geotechnics and Problematic Soils and Rocks, 421–26. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211051-41.

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Daniel, David E., and Robert M. Koerner. "Cover systems." In Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal, 455–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3070-1_18.

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Kent, Bob, and Perry Mann. "Recovery well systems." In Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal, 497–519. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3070-1_19.

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Popov, V. V., and N. M. Nazarov. "Waste Disposal and Management Systems." In Space Biology and Medicine – Volume II, Life Support and Habitability, 265–74. Reston ,VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624104664.0265.0274.

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Koerner, Robert M. "Collection and removal systems." In Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal, 187–213. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3070-1_9.

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Okafor, Nduka. "Waste Disposal in the Aqueous Medium: Sewage Disposal." In Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic and Waste Systems, 249–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1460-1_10.

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Zohuri, Bahman, and Patrick McDaniel. "Safety, Waste Disposal, Containment, and Accidents." In Thermodynamics In Nuclear Power Plant Systems, 587–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13419-2_21.

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Zohuri, Bahman, and Patrick McDaniel. "Safety, Waste Disposal, Containment, and Accidents." In Thermodynamics in Nuclear Power Plant Systems, 591–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93919-3_21.

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Carver, Steve, and Stan Openshaw. "A geographic information systems approach to locating nuclear waste disposal sites." In Waste Location, 105–27. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003239819-7.

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Deviatkin, Ivan, Mika Horttanainen, and Jouni Havukainen. "Sustainability of Waste Management Systems: Final Disposal." In Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_413-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Waste Disposal Systems"

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Abraham, Manoj, S. Sreeraj, Don Milton, Abel Anish Yohannan, and Getzi Jeba Leelipushpam Paulraj. "Reward based Smart Waste Disposal System using RFID." In 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icscds56580.2023.10104738.

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Nurkadem, Kaldybayev, Nurgul Karymsakova, and Madina Mansurova. "Disposal of Solid Household Waste Using Computer Vision." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Smart Information Systems and Technologies (SIST). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sist58284.2023.10223538.

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Branska, Lenka, Michal Patak, and Zuzana Pecinova. "Preferences of the Population Concerning Municipal Waste Disposal Systems." In Hradec Economic Days 2022, edited by Jan Maci, Petra Maresova, Krzysztof Firlej, and Ivan Soukal. University of Hradec Kralove, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2022-01-013.

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Rogov, I. E., M. A. Sycheva, E. S. Sakhno, R. A. Zaitsev, and K. F. Kalmykova. "PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.565-569.

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A significant increase in the world's population and, as a result, an increase in the amount of waste have determined the urgency of improving existing and developing new methods of waste disposal in Russia and in other countries. It is noted that an increase in indicators indicative of environmental pollution and their negative impact on public health requires changes in the field of management of recycling processes, which in turn implies the improvement of legislation. As one of the effective directions, the article considers the use of automation of waste disposal processes.
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Needham, Michael. "Detecting Sources of Ionizing Radiation in the Waste Stream." In 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1016.

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Why is the detection of radioactive sources important to the solid waste industry?: Radioactive material is used extensively in the United States in research, medicine, education, and industry for the benefit of society (e.g. smoke detectors, industrial process gauges, medical diagnosis/treatment). Generally speaking, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and state governments regulate the use and disposal of radioactive materials. Licensed radioactive waste disposal facilities receive the bulk of the waste generated in the United States with exceptions for low-level waste (e.g. medical patient waste) that may be disposed of as municipal waste. According to the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc (CRCPD)., there has been an increasing number of incidence involving the detection of prohibited radioactive wastes at solid waste management facilities. While the CRCPD acknowledges that the increased incidence may be partially attributed to the growing number of solid waste facilities that have detection systems, undetected sources of ionizing radiation can harm the environment, have a negative impact on employee health and safety, and result in significant remedial actions. Implementing an effective detection/response plan can aid in the proper management of radioactive waste and serve to minimize the potential for negative outcomes.
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Prince, Robert E., Victor Magnus, and James W. Latham. "Lessons Learned Siting and Successfully Operating Two Large L/ILW Disposal Facilities in the U.S." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4835.

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This paper addresses the experience, knowledge, and expertise that Duratek has acquired while performing environmental remediation at two large low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) disposal facilities in the United States. Environmental remediation and related waste disposal has been the company’s primary line of business line since it was founded in 1969. It has disposed of more than half of the low-level radioactive waste generated in the U.S. over the past thirty years, working with almost every radioactive waste generator in the country. That experience has allowed the company to develop a unique understanding of safe, efficient, and cost-effective LLRW disposal methods. The paper also tracks the history of waste disposal technology at the Barnwell Disposal Site in South Carolina and the U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Restoration Disposal Facility (ERDF) at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. In particular, it describes the evolution of trench design, operations, and disposal procedures for these facilities. It also discusses the licensing of one the most active waste disposal sites in the U.S., the success of which has been assured to customers and stake-holders because of: • Well trained personnel who are dedicated to the design, construction and operation of safe and efficient disposal facilities; • Commitment to strong community relations; • Comprehensive knowledge of proven disposal strategies, technologies, and management practices; • Capability and readiness to respond rapidly to routine and emergency situations; • Established record of comprehensive and responsive communications with regulatory authorities; • Commitment to quality, compliance and personnel health, and safety; and • Financial systems that ensure long-term facilities management.
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Lai, Kevin, Linda Li, Sammy Mutti, Rebecca Staring, Max Taylor, Jun Umali, and Sheree Pagsuyoin. "Evaluation of waste reduction and diversion as alternatives to landfill disposal." In 2014 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sieds.2014.6829877.

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Vijayan, Shiv, Makoto Kikuchi, and Akihiro Komatsu. "Technology Perspectives on the Management of Spent-Resin Wastes Generated From Nuclear Power Reactor Operations." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22573.

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Organic-resin wastes (spent resins) are generated by different purification systems employed in all types of nuclear power reactors during routine and non-routine operations. The quantities of such resin wastes, and their inventories of contaminants vary depend on the operational goals of the individual power plant. Depending on the regulatory target in the particular jurisdiction where the reactor is located, the type and amounts of radionuclides, metals and other chemical contaminants in the resin waste determine the extent of treatment required for interim storage or final disposal of the waste. Resin-waste treatment comprises different operations such as pretreatment, conditioning/stabilization and containerization that produce a waste package suitable for handling, transport, storage and disposal. One aspect of the contaminants that has significant impact on waste conditioning and the overall cost of managing such wastes are the concentrations of short half-life (arbitrarily less than approximately 30 years) radionuclides, and long half-life radionuclides, in particular carbon-14, and toxic metals present in the waste. A spectrum of resin-waste conditioning methods is available. Some methods have been applied to specific situations while others are being developed for future applications to meet the need for reducing worker dose, environmental releases, and waste-storage and disposal costs. This paper describes waste treatment options for low-level radioactive resin wastes and potential options of resin wastes containing appreciable amounts of carbon-14. Indications are that drying of the resin waste containing long half-life radionuclides such as carbon-14 and compaction or pelletizing can be favourable to allow interim dry-storage of the waste and to provide sufficient flexibility in the preparation of a suitable waste form to meet applicable waste acceptance criteria for the eventual disposal of such wastes.
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Towler, George, Tim Hicks, Sarah Watson, and Simon Norris. "Implementation of a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) in the UK by the NDA Radioactive Waste Management Directorate (RWMD): The Potential for Interaction Between the Co-Located ILW/LLW and HLW/SF Components of a GDF." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16306.

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In June 2008 the UK government published a ‘White Paper’ as part of the “Managing Radioactive Waste Safety” (MRWS) programme to provide a framework for managing higher activity radioactive wastes in the long-term through geological disposal. The White Paper identifies that there are benefits to disposing all of the UK’s higher activity wastes (Low and Intermediate Level Waste (LLW and ILW), High Level Waste (HLW), Spent Fuel (SF), Uranium (U) and Plutonium (Pu)) at the same site, and this is currently the preferred option. It also notes that research will be required to support the detailed design and safety assessment in relation to any potentially detrimental interactions between the different modules. Different disposal system designs and associated Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) will be required for these different waste types, i.e. ILW/LLW and HLW/SF. If declared as waste U would be disposed as ILW and Pu as HLW/SF. The Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) would therefore comprise two co-located modules (respectively for ILW/LLW and HLW/SF). This paper presents an overview of a study undertaken to assess the implications of co-location by identifying the key Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) interactions that might occur during both the operational and post-closure phases, and their consequences for GDF design, performance and safety. The MRWS programme is currently seeking expressions of interest from communities to host a GDF. Therefore, the study was required to consider a wide range of potential GDF host rocks and consistent, conceptual disposal system designs. Two example disposal concepts (i.e. combinations of host rock, GDF design including wasteform and layout, etc.) were carried forward for detailed assessment and a third for qualitative analysis. Dimensional and 1D analyses were used to identify the key interactions, and 3D models were used to investigate selected interactions in more detail. The results of this study show that it is possible for ILW/LLW and HLW/SF modules to be co-located without compromising key safety functions of different barrier components, and this reflects international precedents, e.g. the Andra and Nagra repository designs. There are two key technical issues that need to be managed in designing the geometry of the co-located GDF: (i) the heat flux from the HLW/SF module interacting with the ILW/LLW module, and (ii) the potential for development of an alkaline plume from the ILW/LLW module interacting with the HLW/SF module; particularly within fractured host rocks.
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Prince, Robert E., Dennis P. Ferrigno, and Mark Kirshe. "Low-Level Waste Disposition in D&D: A Systems Engineered Approach." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4744.

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When approaching the decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of a nuclear facility, the key elements of the project are the characterization, dismantlement execution, and the waste management (assay, packaging, transportation, and disposal) tasks. Waste management generally accounts for 40 to 45% of the total cost of the decommissioning project. This paper addresses an effective approach, based on demonstrated experience, to manage the dispostion alternatives for the decommissioning of waste materials. A systems engineered approach will minimize waste production and maximize efficiencies in the decommissioning schedule and offsite waste disposal. A key factor in this approach is to understand the disposal options and the staging criteria permitted within the specific applicable regulatory environment governing the decommissioning. For research reactor, nuclear power reactor, and other nuclear facilities involving complex systems, structures, and components, the key criteria and methodology of this systematic approach are applicable. Duratek has decommissioned numerous power reactor, research reactor, and industrial production facilities involving numerous complex systems and components. This paper focuses on the systems engineered approach, including applicable standards, waste streams, disposition alternatives, waste management methodologies, and lessons learned, for such decommissioning projects.
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Reports on the topic "Waste Disposal Systems"

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Billaux, D., M. Uszynski, and S. Benson. The applicability of expert systems to risk analysis for waste disposal problems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5435781.

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Author, Not Given. Vital Safety Systems Requirements Verification Roadmap for the Remote-Handled Low-Level Waste Disposal Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1467475.

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Bryan, W. E., and L. B. Oakley. Systems Engineering Plan and project record Configuration Management Plan for the Mixed Waste Disposal Initiative. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10149177.

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Bryan, W. E., and L. B. Oakley. Systems Engineering Plan and project record Configuration Management Plan for the Mixed Waste Disposal Initiative. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6593673.

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Yoshimura, H. R., J. S. Ludwigsen, and M. E. McAllaster. Use of depleted uranium metal as cask shielding in high-level waste storage, transport, and disposal systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/414329.

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Apps, J. A. Review of Disposal Systems, Inc., proposed method for the determination of health based limits for waste substances not covered in UIC Guidance No. 71. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10160383.

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Pelletier, Austin, Amanda Hohner, Idil Deniz Akin, Indranil Chowdhury, Richard Watts, Xianming Shi, Brendan Dutmer, and James Mueller. Bench-scale Electrochemical Treatment of Co-contaminated Clayey Soil. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-018.

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Industrial soil contamination is frequently unearthed by transportation agencies during construction within the right-of-way. As a result, transportation agencies may experience construction delays. Soils co-contaminated with high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) and metals are commonly encountered in Illinois and exhibit recalcitrance towards conventional treatment technologies. This issue is exacerbated in the fine-grained soils common to Illinois, where low-permeability and immense sorption capacity increase treatment complexity, cost, and duration. Contaminated sites are spatially and temporally restrictive and require rapid in situ treatments, whereas conventional soil remediation requires 1 to 3 years on average. Consequently, transportation agencies typically pursue excavation and off-site disposal for expediency. However, this solution is expensive, so a comparatively expeditious and affordable treatment alternative is needed to combat the increasing cost of hazardous waste disposal. The objective of this work was to develop an accelerated in situ treatment approach adaptable for use at any construction site to cost-effectively remove HMW-PAHs and metals from clayey soil. It was hypothesized that an in situ electrochemical treatment which augments electrokinetics with H2O2 could remediate both HMW-PAHs and metals in less than a month. Bench-scale reactors resemblant of field-scale in situ electrokinetic systems were designed and fabricated to assess the electrochemical treatment of clayey soils contaminated with HMW-PAHs and metals. Pyrene, chromium, and manganese were used as model contaminants, spiked into kaolinite as a model clay. Electrokinetics were imposed by a low-intensity electrical field distributed by graphite rods. Electrolytic H2O2 systems were leveraged to distribute electrical current and facilitate contaminant removal. Average contaminant removals of 100%, 42.3%, and 4.5% were achieved for pyrene, manganese, and chromium, respectively. Successful development of this bench-scale treatment approach will serve to guide transportation agencies in field-scale implementation. The results from this work signify that electrochemical systems that leverage eco-friendly oxidant addition can replace excavation and disposal as a means of addressing clayey soils co-contaminated with HMW-PAHs and metals.
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Lord, Carter K. Concept Study - Vehicle Waste Disposal System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada169045.

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BURBANK, D. A. System Specification for Immobilized Low Activity Waste (ILAW) Disposal System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/806787.

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Melanie, Haupt, and Hellweg Stefanie. Synthesis of the NRP 70 joint project “Waste management to support the energy turnaround (wastEturn)”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.2.en.

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A great deal of energy can be sourced both directly and indirectly from waste. For example, municipal waste with an energy content of around 60 petajoules is incinerated in Switzerland every year. The energy recovered directly from this waste covers around 4 % of the Swiss energy demand. However, the greatest potential offered by waste management lies in the recovery of secondary raw materials during the recycling process, thus indirectly avoiding the energy-intensive production of primary raw materials. In order to optimise the contribution to the energy turnaround made by waste management, as a first step, improvements need to be made with respect to the transparent documentation of material and cash flows, in particular. On the basis of this, prioritisation according to the energy efficiency of various recycling and disposal channels is required. Paper and cardboard as well as plastic have been identified as the waste fractions with the greatest potential for improvement. In the case of paper and cardboard, the large quantities involved result in considerable impact. With the exception of PET drinks bottles, plastic waste is often not separately collected and therefore offers substantial improvement potential. Significant optimisation potential has also been identified with regard to the energy efficiency of incineration plants. To allow municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants to use the heat they generate more effectively, however, consumers of the recovered steam and heat need to be located close by. A decisive success factor when transitioning towards an energy-efficient waste management system will be the cooperation between the many stakeholders of the federally organised sector. On the one hand, the sector needs to be increasingly organised along the value chains. On the other hand, however, there is also a need to utilise the freedom that comes with federal diversity in order to test different solutions.
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