Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Waste disposal sites'
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1
Fielding, Elizabeth Rosemary. "Methanogenesis in landfill sites." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314392.
2
Hampson, Christine L. "Residents' reappraisal of the Halton Regional landfill site : a longitudinal study of psychosocial impacts /." *McMaster only, 1997.
3
De, Wolf Carol R. "A case study of the implementation of Pennsylvania Act 108 the Hazardous Sites Cleanup Act of 1988 /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1992. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1992.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2938. Abstract precedes thesis as 3 preliminary leaves. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-100).
4
Kelly, Andrea E. "Molecular ecology of methanotrophs in municipal solid waste disposal sites." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250545.
5
Maiden, Benjamin Gaylord. "Geographic implications of public policy : the siting of noxious facilities /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266011225094.
6
Collins, Kathryn L. "Talking garbage : a study of local opposition, waste management and community consultation : thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy /." [Richmond, N.S.W.] : Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Western Sydney, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030530.132316/index.html.
7
Fillmore, Gary Boyd. "The use of wetlands as a wastewater treatment technique : a literature review /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01262010-020113/.
8
Bassil, Naji Milad. "Cellulose degradation under alkali conditions, representative of cementitious radioactive waste disposal sites." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cellulose-degradation-under-alkali-conditions-representative-of-cementitious-radioactive-waste-disposal-sites(230809e2-41df-43fe-bfc3-a0a1f36a6f67).html.
Abstract:
Deep geological disposal in a multibarrier cementitious facility is being developed by a number of countries for the safe, long-term disposal of intermediate-level radioactive wastes. Intermediate-level radioactive waste, which dominates the radioactive waste inventory in the United Kingdom on a volumetric basis, is a heterogeneous wasteform that contains organic materials including cellulosic materials, encased in concrete. Under the alkaline conditions expected in the cementitious geological disposal facility (GDF), these materials will undergo abiotic, chemical hydrolysis, and will produce degradation products including isosaccharinic acid (ISA) or gluconic acid (GA) that can form soluble complexes with radionuclides. Alkaliphilic microorganisms sampled from a hyperalkaline site contaminated with lime-kiln waste, were able to degrade cellulosic material (tissue paper) in Ca(OH)2 saturated microcosms at a starting pH of 12. Enzymatic processes in these microcosms caused the production of acetate, acidification of the microcosms and a cessation of ISA production. Enrichment cultures prepared at pH 10 and inoculated with a sediment from the same hyperalkaline site were able to degrade ISA, and couple this degradation process to the reduction of electron acceptors that will dominate as the GDF progresses from an aerobic ‘open phase’ through nitrate- and Fe(III)-reducing conditions post closure. A strictly alkaliphilic bacterium belonging to the Bacillus genus was isolated from the nitrate-reducing enrichment culture, and was found to degrade a variety of organic molecules that are expected to be found in a cementitious GDF. Detailed investigation into the growth of this bacterium suggested that different mechanisms are involved in the biodegradation of ISA and GA, and that bacterial growth is coupled to a decrease in soluble U(VI) concentrations. This implies that microorganisms could have a role in attenuating the mobility of radionuclides in and around a GDF via (i) the biodegradation of cellulose and cessation of ISA production, (ii) the biodegradation of the ligands (ISA and GA) and (iii) the immobilisation of radionuclides. This should facilitate the reduction of undue pessimism in the long-term performance assessment of suchfacilities.
9
Nascimento, Victor Fernandez. "Modeling environmental susceptibility of municipal solid waste disposal sites in regional scale." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2017. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2017/04.10.17.59.
Abstract:
The world population is increasing and since the last decade is considered predominantly urban. The enormous population growth is causing changes in the Earth System that can have serious and lasting consequences. Anthropogenic activities in urban areas are always associated with municipal solid waste (MSW) production. Currently, the MSW generation in the world does not favor an appropriate use of natural resources and the large amount of MSW generated exceeds the capacity of the environment to decompose and recycle these wastes through natural processes. Properly managing this MSW is a global environmental challenge. The improper Municipal solid waste disposal (MSWD) locally cause environmental impacts, such as contamination of soil and water sources, and also globally cause environmental impacts, such as increase of Greenhouse gases (GHG) due to methane emissions. The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) through the environmental susceptibility analysis of Municipal solid waste disposal sites (MSWDS) in regional scale from an interdisciplinary overview. This thesis explored an innovative modeling approach using Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and Analytic hierarchy processes (AHP) coupled with Geographic information system (GIS) to develop an environmental impact susceptibility model (EISM) for MSWDS. The model was applied for the two most populous states and largest MSW generators in South and North America, São Paulo state and California state, respectively. The EISM considers factors such as geology, pedology, geomorphology, water resources, and climate represented by several sub-factors that vary according to the geographical characteristics of the area and data availability. The results of this thesis demonstrate that approximately half of MSW generated in California and São Paulo state is disposed in environmentally susceptible areas and can cause several impacts on the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. In summary, the EISM findings can help decision makers, landfill managers, and local governments develop control and mitigation measures against the occurrence of negative environmental impacts caused by MSWDS.O aumento da população, que desde a última década é considerada predominantemente urbana, vem causando diversas mudanças no sistema terrestre. Atividades antropogênicas em áreas urbanas estão sempre associadas com a geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Atualmente, a taxa de geração dos RSU vem crescendo e gerenciar adequadamente estes resíduos é um desafio ambiental global. A disposição inadequada dos RSU causa diversos impactos ambientais locais como a contaminação dos solos e recursos hídricos, e globais como a geração do gás metano, que contribui para o efeito estufa. Este trabalho objetivou contribuir no gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos através da análise de suscetibilidade de impacto ambiental em locais de disposição final de RSU em escala regional, a partir de uma abordagem interdisciplinar. Esta tese tratou de forma inovadora a elaboração de um modelo espacial, que utiliza análise multi critério de decisão e análise hierárquica de processos, acoplado a um sistema de informação geográfica para desenvolver uma ferramenta de avaliação da suscetibilidade a impactos ambientais em locais de disposição final de RSU. Este modelo foi aplicado para os dois estados mais populosos e maiores geradores de RSU da América do Sul e do Norte, respectivamente o estado de São Paulo, no Brasil, e o estado da Califórnia, nos EUA. O modelo leva em consideração fatores como geologia, pedologia, geomorfologia, recursos hídricos e clima e é representado por diversos subfatores que variam de acordo com as características geográficas da área e da disponibilidade de dados espaciais. Os resultados desta tese demonstram que aproximadamente metade dos RSU em São Paulo e na Califórnia é disposto em áreas suscetíveis a sofrer impactos ambientais, podendo causar diversos impactos ao sistema terrestre. Em conclusão, os resultados do modelo permitem que tomadores de decisão, gestores municipais e órgãos fiscalizadores, desenvolvam medidas de controle e mitigação contra a ocorrência de impactos ambientais causados pelos locais de disposição de RSU.
10
Chan, Zenith. "Determining suitable locations for landfill development /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18734595.
11
Collins, Kathryn L. "Talking garbage: a study of local opposition, waste management and community consultation." Thesis, [Richmond, N.S.W.] : Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Western Sydney, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/38.
Abstract:
Every attempt by the NSW State Government to site waste treatment and disposal facilities has been met by opposition from local communities. Increasing interest is being shown in community consultation and public participation in the decision-making processes concerning the siting of waste management technologies. This thesis examines the rationale behind, and potential of, community consultation through an examination of two case studies. The thesis concludes that the reasons and remedies for local opposition typically given by experts and regulatory authorities are flawed. The engineering concerns which have dominated approaches to choosing and siting waste management technologies are of little consequence to the way in which communities judge whether the facilities pose an acceptable societal risk. The issues of concern to communities include the legitimacy of the decision-making process, the relative fairness of the decision to site, and whether the institutions responsible for managing and operating the technologies are trustworthy. If waste management technologies rely on local acceptability for their siting, the approach taken to resolve the waste problem must include societal as well as engineering concerns in the design of courses of action to manage the risk.
12
Thompson, Philip Blinn. "The spatial and temporal distribution of risks associated with low level radioactive waste disposal." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184415.
Abstract:
The disposal of waste is a growing environmental, political, and economic problem. Low level radioactive waste (LLW) disposal is no exception. The major purposes of this dissertation are to examine the economic tradeoffs which arise in the process of LLW disposal and to derive a framework within which the impact of these tradeoffs on LLW disposal policy can be analyzed. There are two distinct stages in the disposal of LLW--the transportation of the waste from sources to disposal sites and the disposal of the waste. The levels of costs and risks associated with these two stages depend on the number and location of disposal sites. Having more disposal sites results in lower transportation costs and risks but also in greater disposal costs and risks. The tradeoff between transportation costs and risks can also be viewed as a tradeoff between present and future risks. Therefore, an alteration in the spatial distribution of LLW disposal sites necessarily implies a change in the temporal distribution of risks. These tradeoffs are examined in this work through the use of a transportation model to which probabilistic radiation exposure constraints are added. Future (disposal) risks are discounted. The number and capacities of LLW disposal sites are varied in order to derive a series of system costs and corresponding expected cancers. This provides policymakers with a cost vs. cancers possibility function. The marginal cost of reducing cancers by changing the number and location of disposal sites is calculated. A possible policy application of this information is illustrated by comparing these costs to an assumed value of life derived from experimental evidence found in the literature. A tentative conclusion is reached that the current movement toward a system of regional LLW disposal sites may be economically suboptimal.
13
Green, Ronald T. "Radionuclide transport as vapor through unsaturated fractured rock." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1986_348_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
14
Wong, Mei-chi Karina, and 王美芝. "Siting of waste treatment facilities: a case study of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256041.
15
Ramos, Reynaldo Perez. "Infrastructure siting development for land surface disposal of toxic and hazardous wastes in the Philippines /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19147.pdf.
16
Lidgley, Sarah H. "The engineering and geochemical properties of compacted chalk for the lining of landfill sites." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384911.
17
Massmann, Joel Warren. "Groundwater contamination from waste-management sites : the interaction between risk-based engineering design and regulatory policy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27451.
Abstract:
This dissertation puts in place a risk-cost-benefit analysis for waste management facilities that explicitly recognizes the adversarial relationship that exists in a regulated market economy between the owner-operator of the facility and the government regulatory agency under whose terms the facility must be licensed. The risk-cost-benefit analysis is set up from the perspective of the owner-operator. It can be used directly by the owner-operator to assess alternative design strategies. It can also be used by the regulatory agency to assess alternative regulatory policies, but only in an indirect manner, by examining the response of an owner-operator to the stimuli of various policies. The objective function is written in terms of a discounted stream of benefits, costs, and risks over an engineering time horizon. Benefits are in terms of revenues for services provided; costs are those of construction and operation of the facility. Risk is defined as the expected cost associated with failure, with failure defined as a groundwater contamination event that violates the licensing requirements set forth by the regulatory agency. Failure requires a breach of the containment structure and contaminant migration through the hydrogeological environment to a compliance surface. Reliability theory is used to estimate the probability of breaching and Monte Carlo finite-element simulations are used to simulate advective contaminant transport. The hydraulic conductivity values in the hydrogeological environment are defined stochastically. The probability of failure is reduced by the presence of a monitoring network established by the owner-operator. The level of reduction in the probability of failure can be calculated from the stochastic contaminant transport simulations. While the framework is quite general, the development in this dissertation is specifically suited for a landfill in which the primary design feature is one or more synthetic liners and in which contamination is brought about by the release of a single, nonreactive species in an advective, steady-state, horizontal flow field. The risk cost benefit analysis is applied to 1) an assessment of the relative worth of alternative containment-construction activities, site-investigation activities, and monitoring activities available to the owner-operator, 2) an assessment of alternative policy options available to the regulatory agency, and 3) two case histories. Sensitivity analyses designed to address the first issue show that the allocation of resources by the owner-operator is sensitive to the stochastic parameters that describe the hydraulic conductivity field at a site. For the cases analyzed, the installation of a dense monitoring network is of less value to the owner-operator than a more conservative containment design. Sensitivity analyses designed to address the second issue suggest that from a regulatory perspective, design standards should be more effective than performance standards in reducing risk, and design specifications on the containment structure should be more effective than those on the monitoring network. Performance bonds posted before construction have a greater potential to influence design than prospective penalties to be imposed at the time of failure. Sitting on low-conductivity deposits is a more effective method of risk reduction than any form of regulatory influence. Results of the case histories indicate that the methodology can be successfully applied at field sites, and that the risks associated with groundwater contamination may be small when compared to the owner-operators' benefits and costs.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
18
Senthilkumar, B. "One dimensional pollutant transport model." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91152.
Abstract:
This thesis presents the development of a numerical model for one-dimensional pollutant transport in a porous medium. A computer program POLUTE1D has been developed. The numerical model is based on the flow and mass transport equations and the finite element method has been used for its formulation. The problem involves unsaturated flow and convective dispersive transport of a contaminant species. A literature survey on the evaluation of the dispersion coefficient is included. A waste disposal dump site is analysed as a one-dimensional problem by using this model. The effect of the liner thickness, the liner permeability, the ponding head and the initial condition of the porous domain on the spread of the contaminant is studied. Conclusions are presented based on a parametric study.M. Eng.
19
Denny, Elizabeth Ann. "Ecology of free-living cats exploiting waste disposal sites : diet, morphometrics, population dynamics and population genetics." Phd thesis, School of Biological Sciences, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9257.
20
Denny, Elizabeth Ann. "Ecology of free-living cats exploiting waste disposal sites : diet, morphometrics, population dynamics and population genetics." Phd thesis, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13115.
21
Gibney, David Clark. "Thesis report of David Clark Gibney." Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11512.
22
Randall, Kim D. "Collecting recyclables at corporate sites : attempts to increase employee participation /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10242009-020204/.
23
Collins, Kathryn L., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture. "Talking garbage: a study of local opposition, waste management and community consultation." THESIS_FEMA_xxx_Collins_K.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/38.
Abstract:
Every attempt by the NSW State Government to site waste treatment and disposal facilities has been met by opposition from local communities. Increasing interest is being shown in community consultation and public participation in the decision-making processes concerning the siting of waste management technologies. This thesis examines the rationale behind, and potential of, community consultation through an examination of two case studies. The thesis concludes that the reasons and remedies for local opposition typically given by experts and regulatory authorities are flawed. The engineering concerns which have dominated approaches to choosing and siting waste management technologies are of little consequence to the way in which communities judge whether the facilities pose an acceptable societal risk. The issues of concern to communities include the legitimacy of the decision-making process, the relative fairness of the decision to site, and whether the institutions responsible for managing and operating the technologies are trustworthy. If waste management technologies rely on local acceptability for their siting, the approach taken to resolve the waste problem must include societal as well as engineering concerns in the design of courses of action to manage the risk.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
24
Lin, Wing-hong, and 連永康. "Solid waste transfer stations in Hong Kong: acritical review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254664.
25
Ali, Ahmed. "Groundwater pollution threats of solid waste disposal in urban Kano, Nigeria : evaluation and protection strategies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/groundwater-pollution-threats-of-solid-waste-disposal-in-urban-kano-nigeria-evaluation-and-protection-strategies(c5cb7758-d826-4b43-99b4-9fc5bce6aa70).html.
Abstract:
The practices of solid waste management (SWM) and solid waste disposal (SWD) in Kano metropolis, Nigeria, were examined. The water quality of groundwater sources in the areas adjacent to the SWD sites was monitored in order to evaluate interactions and assess the possibility of groundwater contamination as a result of percolation of the leachates generated in the SWD sites. An integrated approach to the field investigation was employed in the study. This included an extensive desk study; a field survey of all existing SWD sites in the area; leachate and groundwater sampling; and laboratory-based experimental and instrumental analyses. The locations of the SWD sites relative to inhabited areas were examined, and eight sites and their environs were selected for leachate and groundwater sampling and quality assessments in May 2009 and May 2010. It was observed that SWM activities in Kano metropolis are unsystematic and pose a significant risk to both public health and environmental quality, especially in relation to local groundwater sources. It was also found that the leachates produced in the sampled sites contained significant concentrations of a wide range of contaminants; including nitrates, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, chlorides and sulphates. The leachates were also observed to be in the methanogenic phase of biochemical degradation and were shown to have similar characteristics to other leachates from mature SWD sites in different parts of the world. Similarly, the physico-chemical characteristics of the groundwater samples around the selected SWD sites indicated high concentrations of nitrates, chlorides, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, turbidity, iron and manganese, often above the WHO thresholds for acceptable drinking water quality. It is, therefore, concluded that the shallow groundwater sources analysed have been contaminated, due largely to improper SWM practice. This, in turn, affects not only the health and well-being of the local population, but also impedes developmental efforts and obstructs prosperity. Accordingly, some strategies for pollution prevention and control were developed for Kano metropolis, although they are also applicable to other urban areas with similar characteristics. These strategies, which are largely categorised as resource-focused, source-focused or remedial measures, can be achieved through: (1) identification and mapping of pollution sources; (2) establishment of databases and information management system; (3) vulnerability mapping; (4) establishment of functional monitoring and evaluation system; (5) promotion of public awareness and participation; (6) establishment of protection zones; and (7) the integration of pollution prevention and control strategy into urban planning, development and management of municipal services.
26
Cassels, Brad M. "The determination of three selected sites for the construction and operation of a low level radioactive waste storage and burial facility." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37051/1/37051_Digitised%20Thesis_AuthorSupplied.pdf.
Abstract:
Radioactive wastes are by-products of the use of radiation technologies. As with many technologies, the wastes are required to be disposed of in a safe manner so as to minimise risk to human health. This study examines the requirements for a hypothetical repository and develops techniques for decision making to permit the establishment of a shallow ground burial facility to receive an inventory of low-level radioactive wastes. Australia’s overall inventory is used as an example.
Essential and desirable siting criteria are developed and applied to Australia's Northern Territory resulting in the selection of three candidate sites for laboratory investigations into soil behaviour. The essential quantifiable factors which govern radionuclide migration and ultimately influence radiation doses following facility closure are reviewed.
Simplified batch and column procedures were developed to enable laboratory determination of distribution and retardation coefficient values for use in one-dimensional advection-dispersion transport equations. Batch and column experiments were conducted with Australian soils sampled from the three identified candidate sites using a radionuclide representative of the current national low-level radioactive waste inventory. The experimental results are discussed and site soil performance compared.
The experimental results are subsequently used to compare the relative radiation health risks between each of the three sites investigated. A recommendation is made as to the preferred site to construct an engineered near-surface burial facility to receive the Australian low-level radioactive waste inventory.
27
Wallace, Michael Gary 1958. "A three-dimensional analysis of flow and solute transport resulting from deep well injection into faulted stratigraphic units." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277102.
Abstract:
An analysis was performed of a Texas gulf coast hazardous waste injection well disposal system. The system was complicated by the presence of a fault which transected the injection interval. The existence of the fault presented the potential for enhanced vertical migration of the injected solutes via a tortuous path of interconnected, highly permeable sand units. Evaluation of this potential necessitated a fully three dimensional model which incorporated the arrangement of the alternating shales and sands and their associated discontinuities. Computer run time and memory limitations compelled a dissection of the problem into components, as well as the utilization of a specific mixture of conservative and realistic assumptions. The analysis indicated that within 10,000 years, the waste would advance vertically no further than one hundred feet into the overlying stratigraphy, and laterally no further than 24,000 feet from the point of injection.
28
Ruff, Timothy Joe. "Aluminum chemistry and its implications on pretreatment and disposition of Hanford waste sludge." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07022007-105929.
29
Ntongana, Kwasa. "The implications of landfill closure for waste reclaimers in rural local municipalities : the case of Fort Beaufort landfill, Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality, Eastern Cape South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6027.
Abstract:
Poverty and unemployment in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape is forcing thousands of vulnerable people into waste picking. There is growing recognition that waste re-claimers contribute to the local economy, to public health and to environmental sustainability. However, they often face low social status, tragic living and working conditions, and little support from local governments. The waste reclaimers of the Raymond Mhlaba Municipal area are unemployed, experiencing a poorer quality of life and feeling even more socially and economically excluded from the rest of society because of the “limitations” on landfill salvaging currently. Moreover, they have developed feelings of resentment and anger that have resulted in defiant acts of trespassing and theft. This social development study highlights the implications of landfill closure for waste salvagers in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality. Landfilling has been the main method for municipal waste disposal in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality. To combat the effects of uncontrolled release of landfill gases, the uncontrolled release of leachate that may affect water quality many landfills in the Eastern Cape are being considered for close down and for rehabilitation. To consider as well is the socio-economic backlog and anticipated population growth in the province, which means that landfill salvaging will continue to be an important source of revenue for the poor and homeless. This research used observation, semi-structured one-on-one interviewing, focus group interviewing and questionnaires as well as conducted a review of waste management policy-related documents and secondary data analysis in this qualitative research to analyse the social and the economic impacts. The research found that waste reclaimers in the Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality area disagreed with the closure of the Fort Beaufort landfill because of what the researcher assumed to be a lack of general environmental awareness and because of their vulnerability to poverty. Research findings also highlight that waste reclamation can be considered as a viable option to minimize waste at landfills and waste reclaimers have shown an increasing interest and commitment to being trained formally to continue reclamation work. This study has suggested disadvantages in rural landfill closure, without feasible alternatives. Focus must move away from extending waste collection and closing down landfills and instead improve final disposal and initiating minimisation- recycling programs as part of their strategies through the formation of waste cooperatives. This research suggests formalizing and controlling waste recovery to cater for the immediate and most basic needs of the poor. The recommendations will hopefully influence thinking about waste management policy planning and implementation in general, and be of service to furthering Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality achieve goals of sustainable employment creation and poverty alleviation.
30
Klein, Matthew T. "A demographic analysis of populations surrounding waste management facilities within Lake County, Indiana." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897489.
Abstract:
Reported research has suggested that poor persons and/or minorities are disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards such as incinerators, landfills, pesticides, and poor air quality. One accepted form of an environmental hazard is a waste management facility. This present research examined the variables minority percentage and median household income of the population surrounding each waste management facility under scrutiny within Lake County, Indiana. The two variables were each correlated with distance from the center of each waste management facility (as determined through a geographic information system) to a distance of three kilometers. The materials and methods used in this particular research provided for a more precise analysis of such correlations than has typified most of the earlier studies. Three significant correlations were found. First, the Gary landfill rendered a positive relationship between distance from the center of the site and increased income. Second, the Munster landfill revealed a negative relationship between distance to the center of the site and increased minority percentage of the population. Lastly, the Munster landfill also had a negative relationship between income and distance from the center of the landfill. Data showed that the large proportion of minority households surrounding the Munster landfill earned an income that would easily allow for social mobility. Such social mobility, arguably, allows a household to move away from an environmental hazard. It was concluded that no support for a claim of environmental racism could be found. Further, a call for a re-examination of the definition of environmental racism is made based upon the large number of wealthy minorities residing around the Munster landfill.Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management
31
Liu, Sai-him Jeffrey. "Illegal dumping of hazardous waste in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20667644.
32
Leong, Ka-ho, and 梁嘉豪. "Locally unwanted land uses and sustainable development: the planning of the integrated waste managementfacilities in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46737479.
33
Richards, Sarah A. "Production and assessment of modified clay for organic contaminant containment." Monash University, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9569.
34
Masindi, Khathutshelo Elias. "Waste management in the Sebideng District Municipality : a strategy for improved service delivery / Khathutshelo Elias Masindi." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4827.
Abstract:
Waste, that is any matter whether gaseous, liquid or solid or any combination thereof, originating from any residential, commercial or industrial area identified as undesirable or superfluous by-product, emission, residue or remainder of any process or activity tends to be a hazard to the environment. Waste is generated in all processes which transform materials from one state, form or medium to another. The management of waste in the Sedibeng District Municipality is a very complex problem. There are many reasons for this and these include: the diverse and voluminous waste stream; progressive accumulation of waste in the environment; large numbers of unpermitted waste disposal sites; the severe shortage of hazardous waste disposal sites and shortage of personnel in local municipalities qualified to implement existing legislation. The accumulation of waste in the district not only poses a serious and growing threat to health and quality of life, but also causes infrastructural damage such as the blocking of storm water drains and sewer by litter which ultimately leads to costly road and pavement destruction and increase in maintenance costs. The objective of the study was to investigate waste management activities in the
Sedibeng District Municipality and to explore best practices as strategies for recommendations. The Sedibeng District Municipality comprises three local municipalities namely the Emfuleni, Lesedi and Midvaal Local Municipalities. Due to the fact that the Municipality forms part of the industrial hub of the Gauteng Province, there has been an excessive influx of the people into the district and, as a result, more houses had to be built and more normal urban services such as electricity, sanitation, water and waste, had to be provided. The study intended to investigate different waste management strategies that are employed by the three local municipalities that could help reduce the impacts and volumes of waste that are generated by residents before such waste could pollute the environment. A further objective was to explore possible waste reduction mechanisms such as recycling that can help reduce waste volumes before they reach the disposal site. Arising from the problem statement on waste management for this study, it is important that the locus of this study be directed towards the solution of the problem on waste management activities in the Sedibeng District Municipality The following hypothesis was accordingly formulated: Waste management strategies and practices as currently practised in the Sedibeng District Municipality are obsolete, outdated and inadequate to attain a cleaner environment and as a result, there is a need to explore the development of more cost effective strategies in waste management. Comparative study of the different strategies that are employed in the three local municipalities as well as the challenges they face when providing the required service, were made. Similar study was applied to the achievements that are recorded as findings of the study. The challenges and success stories highlighted in the study were found through the use of questionnaires that were distributed to respondents in the three local municipalities. Questionnaires for the study were compiled for both councilors and municipal officials. The research instruments for the study included questionnaires, interviews and consultations with members of the community. Further technique was participant observation, the researcher being responsible for the provision of refuse removal
services to the Evaton and Sebokeng communities. Amongst others, it was found that: discrepancies existed in the waste management processes and these include the following:
• There was a serious problem of personnel shortage in municipalities as a result of financial constraints that led to nonreplacement of personnel who went on retirement, resigned or died;
• Existing equipment do not compliment the growing population figures as well as the sizes of the municipality and as a result, residents opted to dump waste at their backyards as an
alternative procedure for disposal of waste from their homes, and
• Problems attributed to illegal dumping increase each day and their resolution will be a function of implementation of compliance with legislation.
• Community awareness of refuse collection schedule is at minimum, a situation which leads to illegal dumping of waste, and
• Tariff on refuse removal is deemed to be prohibitive to African residential areas.
The study ends with recommendations for management action on waste, and for further research.Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Administration))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.
35
Lapuente, Pérez Joaquin de. "Apodemus sylvaticus como centinela de fuentes de contaminación complejas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668296.
Abstract:
La entrada en el medioambiente de xenobióticos, procedentes de la actividad humana, que son biológicamente activos y de difícil eliminación, representa un grado de estrés que, a menudo, resulta inaceptable por los organismos y que con, demasiada frecuencia, se eleva a nivel del ecosistema. Es, por tanto, necesario realizar una vigilancia activa de las fuentes de contaminación conocidas para detectar, de la manera más rápida y fiable posible, las señales de alarma que envían los ecosistemas. Los animales denominados centinelas, a su vez, por su capacidad de integrar la información del hábitat, tanto en el espacio como en el tiempo, pueden actuar como señales de alarma ecológica temprana. Por otro lado, para evaluar el impacto de los peligros por sustancias químicas en los ecosistemas, se han establecido modelos regulatorios que permiten predecir el grado a la que los organismos estarán expuestos, para finalmente evaluar el riesgo. Este abordaje estandarizado, a menudo, ha construido sus algoritmos en base a los valores límites establecidos en ensayos, en condiciones controladas, con modelos de experimentación conocidos. Sin embargo, dada la dotación enzimática, la fisiología o la flora intestinal específica de cada especie y las propiedades toxicocinéticas de los compuestos químicos expuestos, las respuestas pueden variar, por lo que, la extrapolación de los efectos tóxicos de unos organismos a otros debe ser conocida. Para ello, se ha propuesto, por un lado, al ratón de campo, Apodemus sylvaticus, como centinela de contaminación ambiental de tipo crónica, difusa y compleja, por su ubicuidad, su prospección del hábitat y su tolerancia a los contaminantes. Con este objetivo se caracterizó, mediante biomarcadores de exposición y de efecto, al ratón de campo en tres depósitos controlados de residuos de diferentes orígenes y en zonas agrícolas donde se habían vertido lodos de depuradora como fuente de nutrientes. Por otro lado, se utilizó a Apodemus sylvaticus como modelo de experimentación en mesocosmos, a fin de comprender y comparar la respuesta a la exposición de xenobióticos conocidos, con el fin de integrar y mejorar la capacidad predictiva de los modelos. Los resultados han permitido confirmar que el ratón de campo, Apodemus sylvaticus, es capaz de integrar información de la contaminación ambiental mediante el estudio de biomarcadores exposición y de efecto, ya que la exposición a fuentes de contaminación de diversos orígenes produjo una respuesta cuantitativa y diferencial entre las diversas zonas de estudio. De igual manera, Apodemus sylvaticus, ha aportado información relevante sobre los tipos de efectos observados tras la exposición a un tóxico polar o a un toxico de carácter lipofílico, en estudios en mesocosmos, al ser comparado con Mus musculus domesticus, como modelo experimental conocido. Por tanto, podemos concluir que el ratón de campo, Apodemus sylvaticus, es un modelo fiable como centinela de contaminación ambiental, capaz de integrar de manera cuantificable la exposición a xenobióticos.The release of xenobiotics into the environment, derived from human activity, which are biologically active and difficult to eliminate, represents a degree of stress that is, often, unacceptable to organisms and which, too often, rises to the level of ecosystem. It is, therefore, necessary to carry out an active surveillance of known sources of contamination in order to detect, as fastest and most reliable as possible, the alarm signals sent by the ecosystems. Animals called sentinels because of their ability to integrate habitat information, both in space and time, can act as early ecological warning signals. On the other hand, to assess the impact of the chemical hazards on ecosystems, regulatory models have been established that allow predicting the degree to which organisms will be exposed, to finally assess the risk. However, the responses may vary between species. To this end, it has been proposed, the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, as a sentinel of chronic, diffuse and complex environmental pollution. With this objective, the wood mouse was characterized, through biomarkers of exposure and effect, in three controlled landfills from different origins and in agricultural areas where sewage sludge had been discharged as a source of nutrients. On the other hand, Apodemus sylvaticus was used as experimental model in mesocosms, in order to understand and compare the response to the exposure of known xenobiotics. The results have confirmed that the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, is capable of integrating information of the environmental contamination through the study of exposure and effect biomarkers, since the exposure to contamination of different origins produced a quantitative and differential response between the different areas of study. Similarly, Apodemus sylvaticus, has provided relevant information on the types of effects observed, after the exposure to a polar toxic or a lipophilic toxic, in the study in mesocosmos, when it is compared against Mus musculus domesticus, as a known experimental model. Therefore, we can conclude that the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, is a reliable model as sentinel of environmental contamination, capable of quantitatively integrating exposure to xenobiotics.
36
Fung, Dat-fai Victor, and 馮達輝. "Feasibility of converting Hong Kong's restored strategic landfill intoclean energy facility." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48543172.
Abstract:
Closed landfills possess vast open space which could only be lightly developed due to environmental concerns. Renewable energy production is one of the few beneficial and viable uses. This paper presents a study on the feasibility of converting Hong Kong’s restored strategic landfill into a clean energy facility. South East New Territories (SENT) landfill has been chosen for study due to its impending closure, its proximity to energy demands and expected restored area at approximately 60 ha. Given the location constraints, photovoltaic (PV) solar farm was found to be the most viable technological option among all available renewable energy choices. A review of literature has revealed that there are overseas examples of using ex-landfill sites for PV solar farms in the developed countries including the US, Germany, France, Italy and Korea. Different PV systems have been explored, with C-Si, CdTe, A-Si and CIGS PV panels being shortlisted for further investigation. The site characteristics have also been studied and solar resource was found to be adequate. The renewable energy production from abovementioned options has been estimated to be 81.9, 61.9, 44.3 and 68.8 million kWh respectively. The environmental performance of the hypothetical landfill based PV systems were evaluated through a life-cycle assessment. C-Si PV system has a longer payback period in terms of energy and CO2 emission. However, it outperforms the other PV options in terms of overall environmental performance over the entire life cycle. Given the long product life of PV panels, other elements including transportation, electricity system, invertors and mounting was found to be of little impact to the life cycle performance of a PV installation. The cost estimation indicates that the monetary payback period would be longer than the lifetime of all installation options. Hence, from an economic point of view, breaking even is unlikely. The findings from this study are expected to provide a preliminary concept to policy makers and environmental managers, shedding light on the implications of an alternative beneficial use of Hong Kong’s vast yet closing strategic landfills.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Chan, Zenith, and 陳仕廉. "Determining suitable locations for landfill development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253672.
38
Raju, Poudel. "Characterization and Management of Disasters Waste：Case of Gorkha Earthquake Nepal." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242916.
39
Lockhart, Robert. "Molecular biological characterisation of a low level radioactive waste disposal site." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402321.
40
Garrison, Kenneth E. "The evaluation of the Chemchar, Chemchar II, and Chemchar III gasification processes for the treatment of a variety of inorganic and organic laden wastes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988662.
41
Whang, Jooho. "Migration of radioactive wastes from shallow land burial site under saturated and unsaturated conditions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16925.
42
Wang, Fang. "Ecotoxicological quality assessment of sediments in Guiyu, an electronic waste disposal site in Southeast China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/809.
43
Hipkins, Emma Victoria. "Comparing the hydrogeological prospectivity of three UK locations for deep radioactive waste disposal." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33147.
Abstract:
The UK has a large and growing inventory of higher activity radioactive waste awaiting safe long term disposal. The international consensus is to dispose of this radioactive and toxic waste within a deep geological repository, situated 200-1,000 metres beneath the ground surface. The deep geological disposal facility is designed to be a series of engineered and natural barriers. Groundwater forms an integral component of the natural barrier because it 1) controls the flux of reactive components towards the engineered repository, and 2) forms one of the primary transport mechanism through which released radionuclides can be transported away from the repository. The timescale of protection provided by the natural barrier exceeds those provided by the engineered barriers. Knowledge of the regional hydrogeology is a vital step towards predicting the long term performance of any potential repository site. Topically, a UK government decision in 2017 to re-open a nation-wide repository location search has now created a renewed mandate for site exploration. This research aims to determine the regional groundwater characteristics of three UK settings, selected to be hydrogeologically distinct, in order to determine which, if any, offers natural long term hydrogeological containment potential. The settings selected for analysis include Sellafield in West Cumbria, the Tynwald Basin within the East Irish Sea Basin, and Thetford within East Anglia. Site selection is based on diverse groundwater characteristics, and on previous research suggesting potential hydrogeological suitability at these locations. This research is novel in that it provides, for the first time, a direct comparison between the characteristics and qualities of different regional groundwater settings to contain and isolate radioactive waste, based on UK site specific data. Large and detailed numerical models for the three sites, covering areas of 30 km length by 2- 4 km depth have been developed using the open source finite element code 'OpenGeoSys'. The models couple the physical processes of liquid flow and heat transport, in order to replicate regional scale groundwater flow patterns. Models are calibrated to measured rock properties, and predict groundwater behaviour 10,000 years into the future. Uncertain parameter ranges of lithological and fault permeabilities, and peak repository temperatures are tested to determine the possible range of groundwater outcomes. Geochemical retention is assessed separately and validated using the finite difference modelling software 'GoldSim'. Worst case groundwater characteristics for containment and isolation at each site are compared to an 'ideal' benchmark far-field hydrogeological outflow scenario, and scored accordingly using a newly proposed method of assessment. Results show that the Tynwald Basin offers the best potential of the three sites for natural radionuclide containment, performing between 3.5 and 4 times better than Sellafield, and between 1.7 and 4 times better than Thetford. The Tynwald Basin is characterised by 1) long and deep groundwater pathways, and 2) slow local and regional groundwater movement. Furthermore, the Tynwald Basin is located at a feasible tunnelling distance from the coast, adjacent to the UK's current nuclear stockpile at Sellafield, and thus could provide a simple solution to the current waste legacy problem. Results from the Sellafield model indicate that this location cannot be considered to exhibit beneficial characteristics due to short and predictable groundwater pathways which ascend, from the repository, towards surface aquifers. Finally, Thetford within East Anglia has never been drilled to depth so that sub-surface rock properties of basement, located beneath layered sediments, are based on evidence inferred from around the UK. Uncertainties in rock properties has produced a wide range of groundwater characteristic possibilities, with results indicting prospective performance to range from 0 to 2.4 times better than Sellafield. As such, the hydrogeological suitability to host a potential deep geological repository is promising when modelled with most-likely permeability values, but cannot be accurately determined at present. Consideration of decaying heat from the heat emitting waste packages at the three sites reveal that the natural groundwater flow patterns can be distorted up to as much as 7 km away from the theoretical repository, depending on setting. This thus changes the use of the term 'near-field' for safety assessments, as implying an area within the immediate vicinity of the excavated repository site. The overarching findings from this research are that: 1) some locations have greater long term radionuclide containment and isolation prospectivity than others, due to variable quality far-field geological and hydrogeological characteristics; 2) the effect of radiogenic heat emission on the natural groundwater flow pattern is dependent on the site specific geological and hydrogeological characteristics, and therefore so is the area defined as the 'near-field'; and 3) a simple method of site comparison is possible for regional groundwater system under steadystate conditions. Recommendations are for scoping models of regional groundwater settings to be used as a comparative tool, such as undertaken as part of this research, to differentiate between potential sites at an early stage of the current UK site selection programme.
44
Sousa, Sofia. "Use of lux bacterial biosensors to assess bioremediation potential and constraints at a BTEX contaminated site." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU112110.
Abstract:
The response of the lux-biosensors to a range of environmental pollutants was determined, as well as the stability of the biosensors to a range of environmental parameters. The biosensors were found sensitive to a range of pollutants at environmentally relevant concentrations. These included the pollutants prevailing at the contaminated site (BTEX and major co-contaminants). Analysing the bioluminescence dose-response curves to different pollutants, it was observed that the shape of the response appeared to be indicative of the nature of the contaminant present. The application of the lux-biosensors in the screening of groundwater and sediment samples from the contaminated site, showed different levels of toxicity which correlated well with chemical analysis. The sample screening produced a toxicity map of the site, facilitating the identification of hot-spot areas that could be further investigated. Samples with high levels of toxicity were serial diluted and dose-response curves determined to increasing concentrations of the toxic sample, in site uncontaminated groundwater. The shape of the dose-response curve was indicative of the nature of the main pollutant present. The toxic effect of a pollutant detected by the biosensors in spiked environmental samples (groundwater from the study site) correlated with the effect of the same pollutant on mineralisation. This allowed subsequent use of biosensor toxicity for predictive assessment of degradation potential in the presence of the pollutant tested, validating the use of the lux bioassay as a management tool for bioremediation. The bioremediation of the major contaminants (BTEX) on site can be constrained by the presence of co-contaminants or adverse environmental conditions that inhibit microbial activity. The determination of these constraints is crucial for the success of the bioremediation technologies. Using biosensor response linked to sample manipulations, it was possible to determine the contribution of broad classes of pollutants to the total toxicity of the samples.
45
Montesino, Malmberg Martina, and Rebecka Olofsson. "An Inventory of the Waste Disposal Site Jhumjhumpur in Jessore, Bangladesh, via Soil and Water Sampling." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207104.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to make an inventory of the open dumping site Jhumjhumpur in Jessore, Bangladesh, in order to investigate whether spreading of heavy metals had occurred to surrounding soil and groundwater. The study is based on a thorough literature study as well as a field study, including soil and groundwater sampling, at the dumping site Jhumjhumpur. The literature study covers the current waste management system in three cities of Bangladesh: Dhaka, Jessore and Khulna. The results from the field study indicate that metals from the dumping site have been transported and spread to the groundwater in connection to the site and the agricultural land south of the site. A more complete investigation is needed to be able to determine how big a risk the open dumping site is for the surrounding environment. Measurements for avoiding further contamination of the groundwater and the agricultural land should be implemented.
46
Stoffle, Richard W., and Systems Research Inc Cultural. "California Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Project Cultural Resources Surveying: Ethnographic Resources Candidate Site Selection Phase." Cultural Systems Research, Inc, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/271232.
Abstract:
This report describes the results of an ethnographic study performed by Cultural Systems Research, Incorporated (CSRI) for US Ecology, Inc. The study was part of US Ecology's efforts to select a site for the disposal of Low Level Radioactive Waste (LLRW) for the State of California. Dr. Stoffle and his research team were responsible for conducting the Mohave, Navajo, and Southern Paiute portions of the study.
47
Taylor, Mike. "The performance of vermicompost filtration : an on-site domestic waste treatment system /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17846.pdf.
48
Clark, Gillian K. "The fate of trace metals at the Garroch head sewage sludge dump site in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328096.
49
Ijzerman, M. Marian. "Evaluation of shallow-placed low pressure distribution systems in soils marginally suited for on-site waste treatment." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040620/.
50
Weckbacher, Jason Yelderman Joe C. "Effects of recharge events below on-site wastewater drain fields as related to soil type." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5094.