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1
Pokhrel, Megh Raj, Bhoj Raj Poudel, Ram Lochan Aryal, Hari Paudyal, and Kedar Nath Ghimire. "Removal and Recovery of Phosphate from Water and Wastewater Using Metal-Loaded Agricultural Waste-Based Adsorbents: A Review." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v24i1.24640.
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There is a growing research interest in the development of adsorbents based on agricultural wastes (AWs) for the removal of phosphate from waste water sources, which otherwise can cause eutrophication. Nevertheless, due to the lack of active exposed surface sites, raw AWs-based adsorbents are usually inefficient for the adsorption of phosphate from aquatic environment. Consequently, modification of raw adsorbents has been frequently used to improve their phosphate adsorption capacity. Of the various methods of modification, this review paper focused on most widely used chemical modification method. It presents a critical and comprehensive review of the literature on the effectiveness of metal-loaded agricultural wastes (MLAWs)-based adsorbents in removing and recovering of phosphate from waste waters. Mechanisms and factors affecting phosphate adsorption as well as phosphate desorption and regeneration from MLAW adsorbents are critically evaluates. If phosphate from waste waters can be of economical value, regeneration may partly overcome the future shortage of global phosphate rock reserves. It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that MLAWs-based adsorbents exhibited as potential adsorbent for the removal/recovery of phosphate from waste waters. However, there still needs a refined practical utility of these adsorbents on a commercial scale, which may serve as the novel, cost effective and environmentally benign methods of modification.
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Mehralian, Mohammad, Zahra Goodarzvand Chegini, and Maryam Khashij. "Activated carbon prepared from pistachio waste for dye adsorption: experimental and CCD-based design." Pigment & Resin Technology 49, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-06-2019-0052.
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Purpose This study aims to activated carbon prepared from pistachio waste by using phosphoric acid as chemical activator agent. Activated carbon adsorbents were prepared from pistachio waste by using phosphoric acid as chemical activator agent. Design/methodology/approach The optimum conditions for the highest adsorption performance were determined by central composite design (CCD). The adsorbent was used for the adsorption of dye reactive black 5 (RB5), and the parameters affecting the adsorption were discussed like pH, initial concentration, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The adsorbent synthesized has been characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The kinetic models including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to investigate the kinetic and isotherms parameters. Findings When the dye concentration is 10 mg/L, RB5 dye removal rates reach 87.5 per cent. Moreover, the adsorption process of RB5 follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Practical implications This study provided a simple and effective way to prepare activated carbon adsorbents from pistachio wastes. This way was conductive to protect environmental from a huge amount of agricultural waste produced and subsequent application for removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions. Originality/value The activated carbon adsorbents are prepared via chemical activation, which is prepared with pistachio wastes. There are two main innovations: one is that the novel adsorbents are prepared successfully by waste and the other is that the optimized conditions are designed by CCD.
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Matei, Ecaterina, Maria Râpă, Andra Mihaela Predescu, Anca Andreea Țurcanu, Ruxandra Vidu, Cristian Predescu, Constantin Bobirica, Liliana Bobirica, and Cristina Orbeci. "Valorization of Agri-Food Wastes as Sustainable Eco-Materials for Wastewater Treatment: Current State and New Perspectives." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 4581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164581.
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The paper addresses environmental protection by valorizing an important agri-food waste category, namely fruit and vegetables with focusing on the main characteristics regarding consumption, waste quantities, and ways for valorizing these materials. Thus, vast research was undertaken in order to emphasize the main commodities and their potential application as adsorbents for organic and inorganic pollutants. The main methods or treatment techniques applied for the valorization of eco-materials as adsorbents were presented and the principal efficiency results were indicated. The advantages and disadvantages of using these eco-materials as adsorbents in wastewater treatment were revealed and future recommendations were established. According to the international statistics, the most purchased and consumed five commodities were studied regarding waste generations as potential conversion into eco-materials with an adsorbent role for water pollutants. Thus, the performances for adsorbents based on fruit wastes (such as citrus, banana, apples, grapes, mango) and vegetable wastes (such as potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, and/or broccoli) were studied and highlighted in this research.
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Shirazi, Alireza Raygan, Nejad Maryam Molaei, Arsalan Jamshidi, and Ghasem Hassani. "Removal of 17β-estradiol (E2) from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Using Oak Jaft and Tea Waste, Isotherm Investigation, and Adsorption Kinetics." Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry 24, no. 1 (June 27, 2023): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.02.
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The present study aims to investigate wastewater treatment of hormones by oak jaft and tea waste adsorbents. Various factors were used to evaluate the adsorption process, such as the initial pollutant concentration, adsorbent concentration, contact time, and pH. The results showed that both adsorbents, jaft, and tea waste, can adsorb 17β-estradiol. Maximum adsorption was 82.4% for jaft adsorbent and 81.5% for tea waste at 85 min, 7 g/L of adsorbent dose, and pH = 4.5, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium was performed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Liu models, based on the results, Freundlich model with R2 values >0.97 demonstrated better agreement with the adsorption experimental data. To obtain information on adsorption velocity, three models of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich were used. The findings revealed that the pseudo-second-order model with R2 > 0.98 is a better fit for the experimental data. Therefore, the jaft adsorbent and tea waste can be used as effective and economical adsorbents for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewater treatment plants.
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Boakye, Patrick, Godfred Ohemeng-Boahen, Lawrence Darkwah, Yen Adams Sokama-Neuyam, Eugene Appiah-Effah, Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng, Barnabas Asamoah Osei, Prince Junior Asilevi, and Seung Han Woo. "Waste Biomass and Biomaterials Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment." Green Energy and Environmental Technology 2022 (March 28, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/geet.05.
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This paper highlights some of the commonly used bio-based materials studied for their applicability as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Additionally, few processing techniques employed to enhance the ability and or affinity of the adsorbents for wastewater treatment have been discussed. More so, some of the commonly used characterization techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy among others often employed in a bid to elucidate the properties and morphologies of the adsorbents as well as the potential mechanism(s) underlying the adsorbate-adsorbent interaction(s) has also been extensively conferred. The potential draw-backs, recommendations and future perspectives on the use of bio-based materials as adsorbents in wastewater treatment has also been discussed in the concluding section of this paper.
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Ghanim, Alaa. "Utilization of date pits derived Bio-adsorbent for heavy metals in wastewater treatment: Review." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 16, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v16i1.910.
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This article provides an overview of the role of raw and burnt date pits as bio-waste for heavy metal removal. In recent years, many studies on the adsorption properties of various low-cost adsorbents, such as agricultural waste and activated carbons based on agricultural waste, have been published. This review summarizes recent research demonstrating the utility of raw and modified date pits biomass-based adsorbents in the removal of heavy metal pollutants from wastewater. Additionally, the chemical compositions, the derived activated carbon, and the proposed mechanism of heavy metal ions were discussed. It thoroughly showed how essential variables including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, physical and chemical properties, and temperature affect the adsorption of heavy metals. The significant application of date pits as a bio-adsorbent of heavy metal ions was demonstrated. According to the literature, date pit-based adsorbents are the most promising adsorbents for removing toxic materials because they adsorb heavy metals from aqueous solutions with high capacity in a short period.
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N'diaye, Abdoulaye Demba, Mohamed Sid' Ahmed Kankou, Belkheir Hammouti, Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto, and Dwi Fitria Al Husaeni. "A review of biomaterial as an adsorbent: From the bibliometric literature review, the definition of dyes and adsorbent, the adsorption phenomena and isotherm models, factors affecting the adsorption process, to the use of typha species waste as adsorbent." Communications in Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21924/cst.7.2.2022.977.
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This paper presents a review of adsorption isotherms of some dyes from aqueous solutions by biomaterial. In this paper, we reported Typha waste as a model of biomaterial classified as a low-cost adsorbent. The paper also briefly discusses about the literature information from the definition of dyes and adsorbents, bibliometric analysis, adsorption phenomena, adsorption isotherm models, and factors affecting the adsorption, to the use of Typha species waste as a low-cost adsorbent. The operational parameters factors are explained in terms of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial dye concentration that will affect the process of removing textile dye. The solution of pH turns out to be the most important condition in the adsorption process for anionic dye, a low pH value are preferable in contrast to cationic dye where the suitable pH value is high. For the adsorbent dose, the adsorption capacity increase along with the increment of adsorbent dosage due to the increase of theavailable amount of adsorption site. The contact time between the adsorbent and dye affects the efficiency of dye removal where a strong attraction force will shorten the time. As for the effect of dye initial concentration, increasing the initial concentration enhances the increment of adsorbent surface area to adsorb dyes. Several isotherm models are described. The Langmuir model is frequently used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the Typha species waste as adsorbents. This review paper suggested that the accuracy level obtained from adsorption processes is greatly dependent on the successful modeling of adsorption isotherms. Typha biomaterial wastes can be considered as the new useful low-cost natural adsorbents for dye clean-up operations in aquatic systems.
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Stoycheva, Ivanka, Bilyana Petrova, Boyko Tsyntsarski, Pavlina Dolashka, Angelina Kosateva, and Nartzislav Petrov. "Investigation of the Adsorption Process of Triclosan from an Aqueous Solution, Using Nanoporous Carbon Adsorbents, Obtained after Treatment of Organic Household and Vegetable Waste." Processes 11, no. 9 (September 4, 2023): 2643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11092643.
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The absorption of triclosan on the surface of four different carbon adsorbents, obtained on the base of plant and household waste (RDF), provided by Sofia Waste Plant, was investigated. The obtained results indicate that the most important parameters, which determine the process of triclosan adsorption by adsorbent surface are pore texture, the size of the accessible surface for the molecules of triclosan, and the chemical nature of the adsorbent surface. It was found that the obtained adsorbents can be successfully applied for the extraction of triclosan from waste and drinking water. The possibilities for solid products, obtained by thermal treatment of household and vegetable waste, to be applied successfully in a water purification technique are discussed.
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Hasanah, Ulfa Imroathul, Budi Utami, and Endang Susilowati. "Combination of Corn Waste and Egg Shell as Zn Metal Adsorbent with Batch System." JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) 7, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v7i2.55440.
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<p>This study aims to determine: the ability of corn cobs and eggshells as Zn metal adsorbents, functional groups of corn cobs and eggshells adsorbent, what isotherm patterns occur in the adsorbent corn cobs and eggshells in adsorbing Zn metal, the optimum ratio and optimum mass of the adsorbent composition of corn cobs and eggshells in Zn metal adsorption, the optimum contact time for adsorbent corn cobs and eggshell in adsorbing Zn metal, the optimum concentration of adsorbate to be adsorbed by corn cobs and eggshell adsorbents. This study used an experimental method in the laboratory. characterization includes functional groups using FTIR, and test the effectiveness of adsorbents using the AAS instrument. Kinetic analysis of adsorbent by adsorption isotherm with Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm, Temkin isotherm, and dubinin-radushkevivh isotherm. The results showed that: Corn cobs and eggshells can be used as zinc metal adsorbents; in the corn cobs adsorbent, there is a functional group -OH at wave number 3415,15 cm<sup>-1</sup> and in the eggshell, there is a bent vibration of calcium carbonate at wave number 3400,65 cm<sup>-1</sup>, the adsorption process of Zn metal by adsorbent corn cobs and egg shells follows the Langmuir isotherm pattern (chemical adsorption), the comparison of the optimum composition and mass of the adsorbent corn cobs and eggshells in Zn metal adsorption are 1:2 and 0,15 grams with Zn metal adsorbed by 80,4571%, the optimum contact time for the adsorbent corn cobs and eggshells in adsorbing Zn metal is 90 minutes with the percentage of absorbed Zn metal concentration is 75,5957%, and the optimum concentration of adsorbate for adsorbed by corn cob and eggshell adsorbents is 1 mg/L with adsorbed Zn percentage of 82,8377%.</p>
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Handayani, Lia, Azwar Thaib, Nurhayati Nurhayati, Yayuk Astuti, and Adi Darmawan. "Production and Characterization of Adsorbent from Oyster Shell (Crassostrea gigas) Using Physics and Chemical Activation with ZnCl2 and Its Application for Removal of Hexavalent Chromium." Elkawnie 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v6i2.7333.
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Abstract: Oyster shell waste has been investigated as a raw material for making adsorbents that will be activated. Physical activation uses temperatures of 500 ºC, 600 ºC, 700 ºC, 800 ºC, 900 ºC and chemical activation uses ZnCl2 with a concentration of 1 %, 5 %, 10 % and 15 %. Based on the analysis of the characteristics that have been carried out for physically activated adsorbents, the oyster shell calcined at 800 ºC produces the best characteristics, it is a radius of 35.11 Å with a percentage of removal of 38.04 %, as well as the results of the FTIR, XRF and SEM analysis gives the best results among others. Whereas for chemically activated adsorbents, the use of activator ZnCl2 10% produces adsorbents with the best characteristics among others with a radius of 84.14 Å and removal percentage of 65.68 %, the best results for adsorbents activated using 10% ZnCl2 are also supported by analysis results given by FTIR, XRF, and SEM.Keywords: Adsorbent; BET; Cr6+; Oyster Shell Waste; XRF Abstrak: Cangkang tiram (Crassostrea gigas) telah diteliti sebagai bahan baku pembuatan adsorben yang akan diaktivasi secara fisika dan kimia. Pembuatan adsorben dengan aktivasi secara fisika menggunakan variasi suhu 500 ºC, 600 ºC, 700 ºC, 800 ºC dan 900 ºC. sedangkan aktivasi kimia yaitu menggunakan aktivator ZnCl2 menggunakan variasi konsentrasi 1 %, 5 %, 10% dan 15 %. Berdasarkan analisa karakteristik yang telah dilakukan untuk adsorben-adsorben yang telah diaktivasi secara fisika, cangkang tiram yang di kalsinasi pada suhu 800ºC menghasilkan karakteristik yang paling baik, yaitu radius pori-pori 35,11 Å dengan persentase penyisihan sebesar 38,04 %, begitu pula dengan hasil analisa FTIR, XRF dan SEM memberikan hasil terbaik diantara yang lain. sedangkan untuk adsorben-adsorben yang diaktivasi secara kimia, penggunaan aktivator ZnCl2 10% menghasilkan adsorben dengan karakteristik yang paling baik diantara lainnya dengan radius pori-pori 84,14 Å dan persentase penyisihan sebesar 65,68%, hasil terbaik untuk adsorben yang diaktivasi menggunakan ZnCl2 10 % juga didukung oleh hasil analisa dari FTIR, XRF dan SEM.
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Muthuraman, Pandi, Mayathevar Rajamani, and Arulanantham Xavier. "Adsorption Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Azure-A on Various Activated Carbons Derived from Low Cost Agricultural Wastes." Asian Review of Civil Engineering 6, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/tarce-2017.6.1.2233.
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The present study narrates the eminent role of agricultural wastes as adsorbents viz., Sorghum Vulgare Carbon (SVC), Zea Mays Carbon (ZMC), Sorghum Vulgare Varity Carbon (SVVC), Ceiba Peutandra Carbon (CPC), Projobis Juliflora Carbon (PJC) for the removal of Azure-A (AA) dye from waste water. Experimental parameters such an effect of initialconcentration, contact time, dose, pH and particle size have been analyzed. The experimental results are there analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Redlich–Peterson and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. Multiple kinetic equations (first order, pseudo first order and pseudo second order) were applied to the adsorption kinetics of AA on various activated carbons. Surface morphology of the adsorbents before and after adsorption is studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-Edax). FT-IR analyses revealed the presence of functional groups of dye on the adsorbents. It is inferred from the experimental result that the activated carbons (SVC, ZMC, SVVC, CPC and PJC) from agricultural wastes can be applied as an adsorbent in the removal of AA dye from waste water.
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Onigbinde, M. O., and S. R. Okeke. "Heavy Metals Adsorption on Cellulosic Materials from Agricultural Waste." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 5 (October 27, 2021): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i5.14.
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Adsorption technique has been known to be a very effective method for treatment of heavy metals polluted wastewater, with the advantages of specific affinity, simple design and being user-friendly. However, the high cost of activated carbon commonly used as the adsorbent makes it necessary to explore the use of cheap cellulosic adsorbents. In this study, the adsorptive property of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and orange mesocarp (OM) was investigated. The cellulosic adsorbents were used for the sorption of lead and zinc ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of varying adsorbent dose, varying contact time and initial metal ion concentration on adsorption process of the metals were studied. The results show that both adsorbents (though waste materials) are viable for removal of metals from wastewater. Moreover, SB had higher sorption capacity for zinc (12.95 for SB and 12.68 for OM) while OM had higher sorption capacity for lead (9.90 for OM and 9.48 for SB) at optimum dosage. The isothermal studies shows that for lead adsorption, experimental data best fitted the Langmuir isotherm for both adsorbents (R2 of 0.9574 for OM and 0.98 for SB) while the data for zinc adsorption best fitted into Freundlich isotherm with SB (R2 of 0.9565)and Langmuir isotherm for OM(R2 of 0.814).
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Onigbinde, M. O., and S. R. Okeke. "Heavy Metals Adsorption on Cellulosic Materials from Agricultural Waste." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 4 (October 11, 2021): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i4.21.
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Adsorption technique has been known to be a very effective method for treatment of heavy metals polluted wastewater, with the advantages of specific affinity, simple design and being user-friendly. However, the high cost of activated carbon commonly used as the adsorbent makes it necessary to explore the use of cheap cellulosic adsorbents. In this study, the adsorptive property of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and orange mesocarp (OM) was investigated. The cellulosic adsorbents were used for the sorption of lead and zinc ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of varying adsorbent dose, varying contact time and initial metal ion concentration on adsorption process of the metals were studied. The results show that both adsorbents (though waste materials) are viable for removal of metals from wastewater. Moreover, SB had higher sorption capacity for zinc (12.95 for SB and 12.68 for OM) while OM had higher sorption capacity for lead (9.90 for OM and 9.48 for SB) at optimum dosage. The isothermal studies shows that for lead adsorption, experimental data best fitted the Langmuir isotherm for both adsorbents (R2 of 0.9574 for OM and 0.98 for SB) while the data for zinc adsorption best fitted into Freundlich isotherm with SB (R2 of 0.9565) and Langmuir isotherm for OM (R2 of 0.814).
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Lai, Hong Jian. "Adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV-5R) and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) from Aqueous Solution by Using Agriculture Waste." Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/tasp.v1i1.10.
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The ability of agricultural waste materials to remove synthetic dyes such as Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV-5R) and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) from aqueous solutions was investigated. Dyes are a major source of water contamination that not only cause significant damage to water bodies but also have a negative effect on human health due to their high toxicity and carcinogenic nature. Agricultural wastes are renewable adsorbents because they are readily available and inexpensive, and they can also be used instead of conventional activated carbon. As a result, the removal of RBV-5R and RBBR from dye solutions by adsorption onto treated adsorbent was investigated in this review. The two best adsorbents out of ten were selected via a screening process with RBBR as the test dye. The key adsorbents in this analysis were coconut shells and mango seeds, which had the highest removal rate as compared to others. The experiment was continued with the chosen adsorbent to see how different initial dye concentrations, adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, and particle size affected dye adsorption. The results show that different parameters have different effects on the removal rate and adsorption potential of the adsorbent. The adsorption of dye from aqueous solution onto adsorbent was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the functional groups of the adsorbent before and after the adsorption operation, and it was discovered that the functional group affected the effectiveness or removal rate as well as the adsorption capability of adsorbents. According to the findings, 5 gram mango seeds can extract 85.54 percent of RBV-5R with adsorption power of 1.26 mg/g. For 21 hours, coconut shells removed 74.39 percent of RBBR with an adsorption capacity of 8.01 mg/g. The findings indicated that these agricultural wastes could be useful as an alternative adsorbent for removing dye from aqueous solutions.
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Aprilianty, Aurelia, Arina Manasikana, Eggi Pur Pinandita, Shafa Fa’izah, Mochammad Junus, and Hary Nugroho. "Using quail waste as an adsorbent on biogas quality." E3S Web of Conferences 335 (2022): 00052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233500052.
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The aim of this research is to determine the effect of coconut and mineral waste of quail as adsorbents on the biogas purity. This research was designed to use the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 6 treatments and 4 replications and the significant influence will be tested using Duncan Test. The result form this research showed that the use of coconut waste and mineral waste of quail as adsorbents gives highly significant influence (P<0,01) to increase the CH4 gas concentration, highly significant influence (P<0,01) to decrease CO2 gas concentration, highly significant influence (P<0,01) to decrease gas pressure and highly significant influence (P<0,01) to increase gas flow rate on biogas purity. The conclusion of this research is the use of 100% of activated coal from coconut waste, the use of 50% of activated coal from coconut waste and 50% of mineral waste from quail waste as an adsorbent are able to increase the quality of biogas. However, it is lack of effectiveness due to inappropriate application of biogas purification. It is suggested to do physical activation for both adsorbents in order to avoid saturation of the adsorbent so those absorbents be able to adsorb optimally the impurities gases on biogas.
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Zwain, Haider M., Mohammadtaghi Vakili, and Irvan Dahlan. "Waste Material Adsorbents for Zinc Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/347912.
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This review examines a variety of adsorbents and discusses mechanisms, modification methods, recovery and regeneration, and commercial applications. A summary of available researches has been composed by a wide range of potentially low-cost modified adsorbents including activated carbon, natural source adsorbents (clay, bentonite, zeolite, etc.), biosorbents (black gram husk, sugar-beet pectin gels, citrus peels, banana and orange peels, carrot residues, cassava waste, algae, algal, marine green macroalgae, etc.), and byproduct adsorbents (sawdust, lignin, rice husk, rice husk ash, coal fly ash, etc.). From the literature survey, different adsorbents were compared in terms of Zn2+adsorption capacity; also Zn2+adsorption capacity was compared with other metals adsorption. Thus, some of the highest adsorption capacities reported for Zn2+are 168 mg/g powdered waste sludge, 128.8 mg/g dried marine green macroalgae, 73.2 mg/g lignin, 55.82 mg/g cassava waste, and 52.91 mg/g bentonite. Furthermore, modification of adsorbents can improve adsorption capacity. Regeneration cost is important, but if consumption of virgin adsorbent is reduced, then multiple economic, industrial, and environmental benefits can be gained. Finally, the main drawback of the already published Zn2+adsorption researches is that their use is still in the laboratory stage mostly without scale-up, pilot studies, or commercialization.
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Latifah, Rais Nur. "Preparation and Characterization of Adsorbent from Natural Zeolite Mixed Chicken Feather in Degradation of Batik Waste Dyes Based Green Chemistry." JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v6i3.55420.
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<p class="Standard">This research is the adsorption of dyestuffs from batik industry waste. The adsorption method was used chicken feather adsorbent with natural zeolite. Zeolite was activated by HF. Feather flour was activated with 0.2 M KOH. The main focus of this research is determine the potential for dye degradation with the batch method.Samples were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). Measurement of dye degradation includes the effect of adsorbent concentration, pH, contact time and particle size of adsorbent. The results showed that the optimum pH in the degradation of dyestuffs from the batik industry waste was pH 8.5. The optimum contact times by activated and unactivated adsorbents were 65 minutes and 120 minutes, respectively. The reaction kinetics analysis showed the Freundlich adsorption model based on the experimental data. This indicates that the surface pores of the adsorbent are very influential in the degradation of the dye. Adsorption capacity of degradation dyestuffs with adsorbents has an efficiency of 94%. In the laboratory, it has been proven that adsorbents are able to degrade dyes in batik waste before being discharged into the water disposal system.</p>
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Huzaisham, Nur Athirah, Noraini Marsi, Anika Zafiah Muhd Rus, Shaiful Rizal Masrol, Salwa Mahmood, Nor Mazlana Main, Muhammad Haikal Mohd Fodzi, and Rupashinii A/P Thana Singam. "Application of Waste Banana Peels for Wastewater Treatment: A Review." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8737.
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This review paper focuses on the use of recycled banana peels for wastewater treatment. In India, more than 57.6 million tonnes of banana waste peels were produced each year, majorly are used as adsorbents to remove contaminants and pollutants that exist in the wastewater like heavy ions, organic and inorganic pollutants. To date, the use of waste banana peels as adsorbents have obtained substantial attention and countless modification have been done in order to improve their adsorption characteristics. Based on literature survey regarding the abundance of waste banana peels around the world, they are conceived to have considerable absorbency with optimistic application toward pollutants. According to published articles from the past 20 years, the technique of adsorption was recognized as most exceptional and cost-saving methods of treating wastewater with adsorption rate up to 98% of heavy metal ions removal and up to 98.93% for organic and inorganic compounds removal. Adsorption is most frequently used to remove atoms, molecules or ions from drinking water preparation, groundwater or as tertiary cleaning such as purification of biological water and wastewater treatment. Adsorption occurs when molecules in a liquid attach to the surface of a solid substance. This review extends applicable literature on the application of waste banana peels and its properties as an adsorbent on removing various pollutants in the wastewater. Evidently, adsorbents derived from waste banana peels demonstrated remarkable effectiveness towards removing various pollutants where the adsorption rate increases as the adsorbent dosage increases. Results concerning waste banana peels as adsorbents from several published articles have been discussed elaborately along with the future research perspective on waste banana peels.
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Septiani, Mimin, Zakiyah Darajat, Muhammad Arham Yunus, Maria Assumpta Nogo Ole, and Zuhrotul Fikri Ilma. "Kajian Isoterm Adsorpsi Linear Alkilbenzena Sulfonate (LAS) dalam Limbah Cair Detergen Menggunakan Biosorben Ampas Kopi dan Ampas Kelapa." Eksergi 20, no. 2 (July 3, 2023): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/e.v20i2.9955.
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One of the efforts to minimize the impact of detergent waste pollution is by adsorption using coffee dregs and coconut dregs adsorbents. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum mass of coffee grounds and coconut pulp as adsorbents, to compare the effectiveness of their absorption in decreasing levels of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate, and to study their adsorption isotherm models. This research was conducted in batches with variations in the mass of each adsorbent, namely 1 gram, 2 grams, 3 grams, 4 grams and 5 grams. This research was conducted in batches with variations in the mass of each adsorbent, namely 1 gram, 2 grams, 3 grams, 4 grams and 5 grams. The detergent waste samples were contacted with the adsorbent for 30 minutes and then the absorption capacity was tested using the Methylene Blue test method. The results showed that the optimum absorption of LAS content from coffee grounds and coconut pulp adsorbents occurred at a mass of 2 grams with the greatest increase in absorption efficiency index Coconut dregs adsorbent is more effective than coffee dregs because it can absorb up to 37%, while coffee dregs are only 10% with the same adsorbent mass of 5 grams. The adsorption isotherm model of the 2 types of adsorbents refers to the Langmuir equilibrium with R2 values for coffee grounds 0.8651 and coconut pulp 0.9868.
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Thaçi, Bashkim, Majlinda Daci-Ajvazi, Nexhat Daci, and Salih Gashi. "Valorization of Some Untreated Low Cost Adsorbents for Water Pollution Control." Current World Environment 11, no. 3 (December 25, 2016): 728–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.3.06.
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The present article describes the adsorption behavior of some low cost adsorbents such as olive waste, maize cobs, bentonitic clay, wheat bran, coal ash and coffee waste, with respect to Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions. The batch method was used and parameters such as electrical conductivity, pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial and final concentration of metal ions were studied. All used adsorbents were effective, but coal ash was most effective, with total removal for all ions of over 90%, with highest percentage removal from 99.2% for Zn2+ ions and 97.5% of Pb2+. Maize cob was an effective adsorbent with maximal percentage removal of 92.6% for Zn2+ ions, wheat bran had highest removal of 93.7% for Pb2+ ions as did olive waste, 97% for Pb2+ ions. Coffe waste offers considerable promise as a low-cost natural adsorbent with highest efficiency in removal of Pb2+ with 97.5% while bentonitic clay having a structure with net negative charge, which is neutralized by positively charged species, resulted also as an effective low cost adsorbent with max total removal from 92.7% for Pb2+ to 80.9% for Zn2+ ions.
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Khudayberganova, Nagima, Abdumalik Rizaev, and Eldor Abduraxmonov. "Adsorption properties of benzene vapors on activated carbon from coke and asphalt." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126401022.
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The industry produces a variety of wastes in production processes. This has a negative impact on the state of ecological balance. Today, in the oil industry, many different types of oil waste are accumulated as reserves. Focusing them on targeted production is one of the most pressing issues today. The use of a high-vacuum adsorption device is important in producing adsorbents from coke and asphalt from residual oil products and in the complete determination of the sorption properties of the obtained adsorbents. Benzene and toluene adsorption isotherms, the sorption volume, and properties of the new adsorbent can be described in detail by studying the adsorption heat.
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Shrestha, Asmita, Bhoj Raj Poudel, Manoj Silwal, and Megh Raj Pokhrel. "ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF PHOSPHATE ONTO IRON LOADED LITCHI CHINENSIS SEED WASTE." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v23i1.22200.
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Raw and charred Fe(III)-loaded Litchi chinensis seed waste (FeRLW and FeCLW) as bio-adsorbents was investigated to remove phosphate from aqueous solution. Various physico-chemical parameters such as equilibrium time, pH and adsorbent dosage were studied by batch experiment method. The maximum adsorption capacities for phosphate removal by FeRLW and FeCLW were found to be 96.5 mg/g and 100 mg/g, respectively. The experimental results revealed that biomaterials of FeRLW and FeCLW can be used as effective and economically viable adsorbents for the removal of phosphate from waste water.
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Kajjumba, George William, Serdar Aydın, and Sinan Güneysu. "Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of vanadium by shale and coal waste." Adsorption Science & Technology 36, no. 3-4 (September 26, 2017): 936–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617417733586.
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The use of adsorption using nanomaterials has become a very competitive method for removal of hazardous materials from wastewater. With increasing consumption of fossil fuels and development of energy storage systems, the levels of vanadium pollution are expected to increase. Utilizing natural shale and coal waste as adsorbents, batch adsorption, isotherms, and kinetics of vanadium was studied. The adsorption characteristics of shale and coal waste were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The effect of pH, the amount of adsorbent, vanadium concentration, temperature, and contact time between adsorbate and adsorbents were also studied to obtain optimum conditions for maximum adsorption of vanadium. The Fourier Transform Infrared results show little distortion in the vibration of bands, and hence the surface properties remain unchanged for both sorbents after adsorption. The adsorption kinetics are best described by pseudo-second order, while Langmuir model fits the adsorption isotherm for both adsorbents. Maximum sorption capacity is 67.57 mg/g for shale while that of coal is 59.88 mg/g at 298 K and pH 3. For both adsorbents, the adsorption process is spontaneous, endothermic, and chemisorption in nature. Both adsorbents can effectively be recycled twice.
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Bóta, Attila, Krisztina László, Lajos György Nagy, Günter Subklew, Heide Schlimper, and Milan J. Schwuger. "Adsorbents from Waste materials." Adsorption 3, no. 1 (March 1997): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01133009.
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Alene, Adugna Nigatu, Gietu Yirga Abate, Adere Tarekegne Habte, and Desiew Mekuanint Getahun. "Utilization of a Novel Low-Cost Gibto (Lupinus Albus) Seed Peel Waste for the Removal of Malachite Green Dye: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (March 23, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6618510.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption characteristics of malachite green (MG) dye onto the raw (RLAPW) and activated (ALAPW) surface of Lupinus albus seed peel waste prepared via physicochemical activation under alkaline condition as a dye adsorbent. Proximate analysis, surface area (Sears’ method), point of zero charge (pHzpc), and FTIR analysis were used to characterize the adsorbents. The effects of operational parameters such as pH (4) for ALAPW and pH (6) for RLAPW, adsorbent dose (0.2 g), initial dye concentration (30 mg/L), contact time (60 min), and temperature (298 K) were optimized. The experimental data well fitted with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with the adsorption capacity of 7.3 mg/g for activated Lupinus albus seed peel waste (ALAPW) and Sips isotherm for raw Lupinus albus seed peel waste (RLAPW) with the adsorption capacity of 6.6 mg/g. The kinetics data well fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both adsorbents. Thermodynamic study revealed that the bioadsorption process using bioadsorbents was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Desorption experiment was conducted and showed desorption efficiency at an acidic pH of 2. The results showed that the prepared adsorbents exhibited good adsorption capacity and can be used as an alternative adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of malachite green dyes.
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Purbaningtias, Tri Esti, Bayu Wiyantoko, Puji Kurniawati, and Didik Prasetyoko. "A Study of Isotherm and Kinetic Models of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Adsorption Using Indonesian Natural Zeolite and Agricultural Waste." Advanced Materials Research 1162 (April 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1162.93.
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This study discusses the development of Indonesian natural zeolite and agricultural waste i.e bagasse ash and rice husk ash as natural adsorbents. These materials were used as an adsorbent for methyl orange and methylene blue adsorption for isotherm and kinetic study. Adsorption kinetic models for methyl orange and methylene blue with all adsorbents were a pseudo-second-order except methyl orange adsorption with bagasse ash adsorbent (MA) that followed pseudo-first-order. Isotherm models for all adsorption experiments were Langmuir type except methyl orange adsorption using rice husk adsorbent (MS) that followed Freundlich type.
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Li, Zeng Xin, Guo Ming Wang, Qiang Liang, and Xiao Feng Wang. "Adsorption to Cu2+ in Waste Water with Chitosan Intercalation Bentonite." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.733.
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The development of new water pollution control technology, particularly the development of high efficiency and low cost adsorbents is imperative. A compound adsorbent was prepared with the combination of chitosan and bentonite. Bentonite was added in chitosan slurry of 95% the degree of deacetylation to prepare adsorbent which mass ratio is 1:5. Its absorptivity toward Cu2+was studied. The results show: the dosage of the adsorbent is 14 g/L,the mass concentration of Cu2+in wastewater does not exceed 180 mg/L,the pH value range from 6 to7,the adsorption equilibrium time is about 9 h and Cu2+removal efficiency is over 97%.The low cost of adsorbents can be used to control industrial waste water containing copper.
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Tewari, Kshitij, Gaurav Singhal, and Raj Kumar Arya. "Adsorption removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 34, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 427–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2016-0041.
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Abstract In this review, the state of the art on the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution using adsorption technique is presented. The objective is to critically analyze different adsorbents available for malachite green dye removal. Hence, the available recent literature in the area is categorized according to the cost, feasibility, and availability of adsorbents. An extensive survey of the adsorbents, derived from various sources such as low cost biological materials, waste material from industry, agricultural waste, polymers, clays, nanomaterials, and magnetic materials, has been carried out. The review studies on different adsorption factors, such as pH, concentration, adsorbent dose, and temperature. The fitting of the adsorption data to various models, isotherms, and kinetic regimes is also reported.
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Nordin, Abu Hassan, Abdul Samad Norfarhana, Siti Fadilla Md Noor, Syafikah Huda Paiman, Muhammad Luqman Nordin, Siti Muhamad Nur Husna, Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, et al. "Recent Advances in Using Adsorbent Derived from Agricultural Waste for Antibiotics and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Wastewater Treatment: A Review." Separations 10, no. 5 (May 8, 2023): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10050300.
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Antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the top pharmaceutical contaminants that have been often found in the aquatic environment. The presence of these contaminants in the aquatic environment is of great concern since it has a negative impact on both ecology and human health. In contrast to other tertiary treatments, adsorption stands out as a viable treatment approach since it provides benefits such as easier operating conditions with no byproduct formation. Commercial activated carbon is widely researched as a pharmaceutical adsorbent, but its large-scale applicability is constrained by its high cost. Agricultural waste also contains a large amount of various functional groups, which may be adapted to surface modification to increase its adsorption ability. In this regard, this study is designed to review the recent progress of efficient adsorbents derived from various agricultural wastes for the removal of antibiotics and NSAIDs contaminants from water bodies. Adsorbents made from agricultural waste have important benefits over commercial activated carbon for the reduction in waste while controlling water pollution.
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Pratiwi, Sani Widyastuti, Srie Gustiani, Kenanga Triulfa Amadea, Ratna Nurmalasari, and Inggis Pinarti. "Optimization time and mass of eggshell adsorbent in improving waste cooking oil quality." Jurnal Pijar Mipa 17, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v17i5.3654.
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Oxidation and hydrolysis damage to cooking oil can occur due to repeated use of cooking oil. Adsorption by utilizing eggshells, which contain high calcium carbonate and have a natural pore structure that can improve the quality of used cooking oil. This study aims to determine the physical properties and characteristics of the thermally activated chicken eggshell adsorbent and to determine the ability of the adsorbent to absorb acid and metal cadmium. The steps carried out in this study were the manufacture of adsorbents, quality tests of the adsorbents produced, and testing of adsorbents on used cooking oil samples based on acid numbers and decreasing levels of metal cadmium in the samples. The adsorption process of used cooking oil was carried out with variations in the mass of the adsorbent, namely 5, 7, 9, and 11 grams, and stirring time for 10, 20, 40, and 60 minutes. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the optimum conditions for decreasing the acid number with the use of an adsorbent mass of 11 grams and a stirring time of 60 minutes resulted in an acid number was 0.9974 mg NaOH/g with a decrease in the acid number of 76.54%, while for cadmium metal it decreased by 100% with adsorption capacity of 2.57124 mg/g.
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El-Geundi, Mohammad S. "Adsorbents for Industrial Pollution Control." Adsorption Science & Technology 15, no. 10 (November 1997): 777–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749701501004.
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Adsorbent materials used for treating industrial pollutants are reviewed. The article consists of two parts. The first part considers new trends in traditional adsorbents such as activated carbons and zeolites. New low-cost adsorbents such as waste materials and clay minerals are discussed in the second part. It has been reported that activated carbons can be obtained from agricultural by-products such as shells and stones of various fruit by a simple single-stage method. This method differs from the traditional processes for the production of activated carbons. On the other hand, natural zeolites have been used as low-cost adsorbents in industrial pollution control. The extent of their application is not only related to their low cost, but also to the improved properties and performance characteristics which they possess. Recently, a variety of agricultural and industrial waste materials and clay minerals have been evaluated as new adsorbents with an excellent potential for the removal of different pollutants from wastewater. The new low-cost adsorbents obtained were found to have large adsorption capacities and good mechanical properties.
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Gupta, Archana, Vishal Sharma, Pawan Kumar Mishra, and Adam Ekielski. "A Review on Polyacrylonitrile as an Effective and Economic Constituent of Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 8689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248689.
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Water gets polluted due to the dumping of untreated industrial waste into bodies of water, particularly those containing heavy metals and dyes. Industrial water contains both inorganic and organic wastes. Numerous adsorbents that are inexpensive and easily available can be used to address the issue of water deterioration. This review report is focused on polyacrylonitrile as an efficient constituent of adsorbents to extract toxic ions and dyes. It discusses the various formulations of polyacrylonitrile, such as ion exchange resins, chelating resins, fibers, membranes, and hydrogels, synthesized through different polymerization methods, such as suspension polymerization, electrospinning, grafting, redox, and emulsion polymerization. Moreover, regeneration of adsorbent and heavy metal ions makes the adsorption process more cost-effective and efficient. The literature reporting successful regeneration of the adsorbent is included. The factors affecting the performance and outcomes of the adsorption process are also discussed.
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Zahedi, Reza, Hossein Ghafourian, Yahya Zamani, Shahrzad Khoramnejhadian, and Reza Dabbagh. "Study of carbon dioxide and methane adsorption on carbon molecular sieves, raw and modified by waste engine oil." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 85, no. 8 (2020): 1083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc190904012z.
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In this study, a carbon molecular sieve (CMS) was synthesized from walnut shells, followed by physical activation of the carbon content of the CMS. Adsorption of CO2 and CH4 onto raw and acid treated adsorbents were investigated using two sizes, 300?600 and 600?1180 ?m. The adsorbents were impregnated with two solvent mixtures of waste engine oil with kerosene and with thinner at a proportion of 1:1 at 25?C. The highest adsorption for CO2 and CH4 was obtained at the suitable size of a group of CMS(A) adsorbents, with acid treated adsorbents being more efficient than the raw adsorbents. The acid treated CMS(A-3) sample adsorbed 0.925 mol CO2 g-1 and 0.353 mol CH4 g-1. The results indicated that by decreasing the granulation size of group CMS(R) adsorbents, the adsorption capacities for CO2 and CH4 were reduced while increasing the granulation size of group CMS(A) adsorbents resulted in an enhancement in the adsorption capacity for CO2 and CH4. Moreover, acid treated adsorbents achieved enhanced adsorption capacity for CO2 and CH4. Further modifications reduced the adsorption capacity for CO2 and CH4 in impregnated adsorbents, due to a decrease in surface area, pore volume and pore size of the adsorbent.
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Huboyo, Haryono Setiyo, Badrus Zaman, Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan, and Anastasia Dinda Prinaningrum. "Promising Adsorption of Sulfidic Acid Gases Using Wet Banana Plant Adsorbent (Musa spp.)." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 54, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 220110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.1.10.
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Bananas have the highest production rate among fruits in Indonesia, which leads to the generation of a significant amount of banana fruit solid waste. In this study, we assessed the potential use of banana waste to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. In particular, the purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of banana waste as an adsorbent for H2S gas. We tested the stems, leaves, and peels of banana plants as H2S gas adsorbents with varying contact times. To obtain a microscopic view of the adsorbents before and after the experiment, we conducted measurements using scanning electron microscopy with dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The banana leaves, stems, and peels were found to have H2S gas absorption efficiency values of 76.52%, 51.83%, and 6.44%, respectively. Based on the experiment, the leaves of the banana plant appear to be the best adsorbents, with an adsorption capacity of 1.67 mg/g. The results also revealed that there was a change in the fiber and stomata appearance of the banana leaves after the adsorption process. Overall, this research indicates that banana leaves have the potential to be used as effective H2S adsorbents.
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Sen, Tushar Kanti. "Agricultural Solid Wastes Based Adsorbent Materials in the Remediation of Heavy Metal Ions from Water and Wastewater by Adsorption: A Review." Molecules 28, no. 14 (July 21, 2023): 5575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145575.
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Adsorption has become the most popular and effective separation technique that is used across the water and wastewater treatment industries. However, the present research direction is focused on the development of various solid waste-based adsorbents as an alternative to costly commercial activated carbon adsorbents, which make the adsorptive separation process more effective, and on popularising the sustainable options for the remediation of pollutants. Therefore, there are a large number of reported results available on the application of raw or treated agricultural biomass-based alternatives as effective adsorbents for aqueous-phase heavy metal ion removal in batch adsorption studies. The goal of this review article was to provide a comprehensive compilation of scattered literature information and an up-to-date overview of the development of the current state of knowledge, based on various batch adsorption research papers that utilised a wide range of raw, modified, and treated agricultural solid waste biomass-based adsorbents for the adsorptive removal of aqueous-phase heavy metal ions. Metal ion pollution and its source, toxicity effects, and treatment technologies, mainly via adsorption, have been reviewed here in detail. Emphasis has been placed on the removal of heavy metal ions using a wide range of agricultural by-product-based adsorbents under various physicochemical process conditions. Information available in the literature on various important influential physicochemical process parameters, such as the metal concentration, agricultural solid waste adsorbent dose, solution pH, and solution temperature, and importantly, the adsorbent characteristics of metal ion removal, have been reviewed and critically analysed here. Finally, from the literature reviewed, future perspectives and conclusions were presented, and a few future research directions have been proposed.
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Özdemir, Utkan, and Gonca Al. "Çevre Korunmasında Atığın Atıkla Giderilmesi Prensibi / Principle Of Removal With Waste Of Waste In Environmental Protection." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 1, no. 4 (January 5, 2013): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v1i4.74.
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Çevresel problemler göz önüne alındığında, katı atıkların bertarafı birçok dünya ülkesinin temel problemlerinden birisidir. Bu doğrultuda farklı kaynaklarda oluşan ve büyük ölçüde çeşitlilik gösteren katı atıkların bir kısmının tekrar kullanımı hedeflenmektedir. Böylece ekonomik fayda sağlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Katı atıkların yarattığı çevre kirliliğine, su kaynaklarında meydana gelen ekolojik problemlerin de eklenmesi insanlık için daha büyük risklerin habercisidir. Dolayısıyla katı atıkların bertarafında önemli yeri olan tekrar kullanımın, sadece ekonomik faydası değil, atığın atıkla giderim esasına katkısı da tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Tüketim hızının giderek arttığı dünyada, özellikle tarımsal kökenli atıkların, su arıtımında adsorbent olarak kullanılmasıyla yüksek arıtma verimleri sağlandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durumu takip eden çeşitli araştırmalar, muz kabuğu, ayçiçeği sapı, pirinç kabuğu, portakal kabuğu gibi tarımsal kökenli atıkların yanı sıra kül ve arıtma çamuru gibi atıkların da organik ve inorganik bir takım kirleticilerin su ortamından arıtılmasında önemli rol oynadıklarını göstermiştir. Böylece adsorbent maliyeti nedeniyle çoğu zaman işletmeler tarafından uygun görülmeyen ve pilot ölçekli çalışma olarak kalan adsorpsiyon prosesinin kullanılabilirliğinin arttırılması şansı doğmuştur. Adsorpsiyon proseslerinin yaygınlaştırılması ile atıksu arıtımında elde edilebilecek yüksek verimlerin yanı sıra bu proseslerde adsorbent olarak kullanılan atıkların bertarafı da sağlanmış olacaktır. Aynı zamanda bu durum atıkların başka proseslerde de benzer şekilde değerlendirilmelerinin önünü açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada özellikle endüstriyel bazda kullanımlarında ekonomik ve çevresel faydalar sağlayacak atık kökenli adsorbentlerin türleri ve kapasiteleri karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Principle Of Removal With Waste Of Waste In Environmental Protection Solid wastes disposal is one of the fundamental environmental problems of many world countries. By this way reusing of some parts of solid wastes which composed in different sources and shown large scale variety have been aimed. So these ways have been aimed to provide economic benefits. Ecological problems of water resources have been added to solid wastes impurity and these facts have shown bigger risks for humanity. So reusing which is more important of solid waste disposal makes a contribution to waste removal with waste except economical benefits. Especially researchers have been observed to agricultural adsorbents efficiency on the adsorption of water treatment. Some of different research shown that inorganic wastes like ash and sewage sludge as important as agricultural wastes like banana peel, sunflower stem, rice husk, orange peel on wastewater treatment. In this way adsorption’s availability is getting higher for process. High treatment efficiency on wastewater treatment and waste disposal will actualize by adsorption. And these will be example for the other process. In this study, economical and environmental benefits of waste material adsorbents’ species and capacities were evaluated for especially industrial process.
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Izquierdo, Silvia, Nazaret Pacheco, Carlos J. Durán-Valle, and Ignacio M. López-Coca. "From Waste to Resource: Utilizing Sweet Chestnut Waste to Produce Hydrothermal Carbon for Water Decontamination." C 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c9020057.
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Carbonaceous materials are a highly appealing class of adsorbents, owing to their exceptional properties, such as high surface area and thermal and chemical stability. These materials have found successful applications in water purification. Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) cupules are disposed of as waste. Valorization of these residues is a step forward in terms of circular economy and sustainability. Meanwhile, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) pose significant concerns due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity, emerging as contaminants of concern for human health and the environment. This study focuses on preparing carbonaceous material by hydrothermal carbonization from chestnut cupules, followed by their use as adsorbents for PFAS removal from polluted water. The cupule waste material was crushed, ground, sieved, and subjected to hydrothermal treatment at temperatures ranging from 180–200 °C to produce hydrothermal carbons. The adsorbents obtained were characterized by various techniques such as nitrogen adsorption isotherm, porosimetry, point of zero charge, Fourier-transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal, elemental, and energy dispersive X-ray analyses. Surface area (SBET) values of 42.3–53.2 m2·g−1 were obtained; pHPZC ranged from 3.8 to 4.8. This study also determined the adsorption kinetics and isotherms for removing perfluorooctanoate-contaminated water. The equilibrium was established at 72 h and qe = 1029.47 mg·g−1. To summarize, this research successfully valorized a biomass residue by transforming it into hydrothermal carbon, which was then utilized as an adsorbent for water decontamination.
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Alene, Adugna Nigatu, Gietu Yirga Abate, and Adere Tarekegne Habte. "Bioadsorption of Basic Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution onto Raw and Modified Waste Ash as Economical Alternative Bioadsorbent." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (June 15, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8746035.
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Background. Dyes are one of the most hazardous materials in industrial effluents which can cause several health problems in living organisms. The removal of dye from colored effluents has attracted increasing attention in the last decade. In this study, raw, beneficiated, and activated waste ash were evaluated as adsorbents for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by the batch adsorption method. Comprehensive characterization studies were carried out on each bioadsorbent, such as proximate analyses, bulk density, specific surface area, point of zero charge, pH, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (which shows functional groups on adsorbents surface). The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time were determined in order to know the optimum condition and adsorption potential of the adsorbents. The methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency of raw, beneficiated, and activated bioadsorbents from aqueous solutions was found to be 95.212%, 89.172%, and 84.504%, respectively. It is reported that adsorption efficiency of MB on each adsorbent was quite different due to electrostatic and dispersion interaction between the dye molecules and the surface property of the adsorbents. The obtained results were well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model, and the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics model for all adsorbents. In fact, the results showed that raw, beneficiated, and activated waste ash bioadsorbents could be employed as effective and economical alternative material in the near future.
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Hussin, Farihahusnah, Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua, Mohd Azlan Kassim, and Umi Fazara Md. Ali. "Transforming Plastic Waste into Porous Carbon for Capturing Carbon Dioxide: A Review." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 8421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248421.
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Plastic waste generation has increased dramatically every day. Indiscriminate disposal of plastic wastes can lead to several negative impacts on the environment, such as a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions and water pollution. Therefore, it is wise to think of other alternatives to reduce plastic wastes without affecting the environment, including converting them into valuable products using effective methods such as pyrolysis. Products from the pyrolysis process encompassing of liquid, gas, and solid residues (char) can be turned into beneficial products, as the liquid product can be used as a commercial fuel and char can function as an excellent adsorbent. The char produced from plastic wastes could be modified to enhance carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption performance. Therefore, this review attempts to compile relevant knowledge on the potential of adsorbents derived from waste plastic to capture CO2. This review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The plastic-waste-derived activated carbon, as an adsorbent, could provide a promising method to solve the two environmental issues (CO2 emission and solid management) simultaneously. In addition, the future perspective on char derived from waste plastics is highlighted.
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Fungaro, Denise Alves, Kátia Cruz Silva, and Alaa El Din Mahmoud. "Aluminium Tertiary Industry Waste and Ashes Samples for Development of Zeolitic Material Synthesis." Journal of Applied Materials and Technology 2, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jamt.2.2.66-73.
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Wastes generated in large amounts have been recognized as sustainable sources of raw materials for the synthesis of adsorbents. The synthesis of zeolite through wastes recycling of two different ash sources (coal bottom ash and sugarcane waste ash) and industrial aluminum waste was evaluated. The molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 for zeolite 4A formation was achieved by the addition of aluminum waste from tertiary industry as aluminum source. Coal bottom ash and sugarcane waste ash were used as a source of both silica and alumina. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The analysis of the properties of the products demonstrates that the by-products can be used to produce zeolite A. The utilization of synthesized zeolites as adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution was conducted following the concept of implementation of utilization of waste materials as a component of the circular economy in the wastewater sector.
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Kurniawati, Shofi, and Nurma Yunita Indriyanti. "Adsorption of Anionic and Cationic Dyes in Batik Wastewater Using Biomass Adsorbents: Literature Review." JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) 6, no. 3 (December 25, 2021): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v6i3.55409.
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<p>This literature review aims to determine: 1. the content of chemical compounds in biomass waste, 2. the modification methods of biomass waste to be used as an adsorbent, 3. the suitable parameters for adsorbing anionic and cationic dyes. This literature review was conducted by Seven Steps Comprehensive Literature Review and reviewed 41 articles with the filtration processes. First, the search results using certain keywords in the Google Scholar database obtained 449 articles. Selection by year of publication (2016-2020), becomes 295 articles. Selection by duplicate and irrelevant articles, becomes 56 articles. Selection by publication type, becomes 47 articles. Lastly, full-text article screening becomes 41 articles. The results of this literature review show that: 1. Sources of biomass adsorbents include tea waste, peanut shells, cassava dregs, cassava peels, oil palm empty bunches, coffee grounds, corn cobs and coconut shavings. The content of chemical compounds in biomass waste include cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The highest content of cellulose was found in peanut shells at 63,5%; hemicellulose was in coffee grounds at 40,55%; and lignin was in wood shavings at 17-35%. The content of cellulose in the adsorbent source affects the adsorption ability of the adsorbent produced. 2. The modification methods of biomass adsorbent include carbonization, physical and chemical activation, and nanocomposites. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbents made by the carbonization-activation, chemical activation, and nanocomposite manufacturing method are 102,77 – 332,6 mg/g; 26,67 – 236,6 mg/g; and 12,42 mg/g, respectively. 3. Parameters that affect the adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes are pH, contact time, adsorbent mass, and initial concentration of the adsorbate solution. The optimum conditions for anionic dyes adsorption by biomass adsorbents occurred at pH 2-4, contact time 30 – 40 minutes, 0,1 – 0,2 g of adsorbent mass, and initial concentration 80 – 100 mg/L. While the optimum conditions for cationic dyes adsorption occurred at pH 5-9, contact time 60 – 90 minutes, 0,2 – 0,3 g of adsorbent mass, and initial concentration 100 – 120 mg/L.</p>
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Donatus Setyawan Purwo Handoko, R. Yuni Ristanti, and Wuryanti Handayani. "Improvement the Quality of Fish Oil from Waste Flouring Using Adsorbent Zeolit H5-NZA." Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research 2, no. 5 (May 30, 2023): 1109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v2i5.4083.
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Flouring process produces fish oil fractions colored dark brown and has a free fatty acid levels are high. This causes the oil fraction can be easily damaged and rancid. This problem can be overcome by purification by means of degumming first and then the fish oil the gross adsorbed using adsorbents natural zeolite (NZ) and H5-NZA with the composition of the adsorbent 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% (w / w fish oil ) on the adsorption process temperature of 50 ° C, 70 ° C, 90 ° C. Adsorbent characterization results indicate that an increase in acidity and Si / Al ratio of zeolites that have been activated are H5-NZA. Increased acidity of 0.291 mmol / gram to 3,570 mmol / gram, while increasing the ratio of Si / Al of 4.373 into 6.398. The quality of fish oil before and after the adsorbed adsorbed using adsorbents also increased. H5-NZA adsorbent provides enhanced quality greater than the natural zeolite adsorbent. Improved quality is shown with increasing adsorbent composition. Adsorbent composition that provides improved quality of most good is a composition of 25%, while the adsorption process temperature optimum at 70 ° C
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Hofman, Magdalena, and Robert Pietrzak. "Nitrogen-Doped Carbonaceous Materials for Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/297654.
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Carbonaceous material (brown coal) modified by pyrolysis, activation, and enrichment in nitrogen, with two different factor reagents, have been used as adsorbent of phenol from liquid phase. Changes in the phenol content in the test solutions were monitored after subsequent intervals of adsorption with selected adsorbents prepared from organic materials. Significant effect of nitrogen present in the adsorbent material on its adsorption capacity was noted. Sorption capacity of these selected materials was found to depend on the time of use, their surface area, and pore distribution. A conformation to the most well-known adsorption isotherm models, Langmuir, and Freundlich ones, confirms the formation of mono- and heterolayer solute (phenol) coverage on the surface of the adsorbent applied herein. The materials proposed as adsorbents of the aqueous solution contaminants were proved effective, which means that the waste materials considered are promising activated carbon precursors for liquid phase adsorbents for the environmental protection.
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Rai, Rajan, Dirgha Raj Karki, Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Bishnu Pahari, Nabina Shrestha, Sangita Adhikari, Surendra Kumar Gautam, and Bhoj Raj Poudel. "Recent Advances in Biomass-Based Waste Materials for the Removal of Chromium (VI) from Wastewater: A Review." Amrit Research Journal 2, no. 01 (November 17, 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/arj.v2i01.40736.
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Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a critical pollutant with high toxicity, even at trace concentrations. Cr(VI) is possibly carcinogenic and mutagenic and can produce serious health issues. Hence, it is necessary to remove Cr(VI) from the water before releasing it into the environment. Currently, numerous removal techniques were used. Adsorption is the best method compared to others because it is simple, cheap, highly efficient, and can be used in water having trace concentrations of contaminants. Biomass-based waste materials (BMWs) are found as far better adsorbents than commercially and other available adsorbents. In this study, the existing Cr(VI) removal techniques are reviewed and, a broad range of current research studies of Cr(VI) removal from water by using BMWs are evaluated. This review can be helpful to develop a more efficient, cheap, reliable, and environmentally benign bio-adsorbent. It is obvious after the literature review given herein that BMWs exhibited potential adsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI). Also, the chemically modified adsorbents exhibited a higher adsorption capacity than unmodified adsorbents.
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Dmitrieva, K. G. "Investigation of the adsorption activity of carbon adsorbent for water purification obtained by thermochemical destruction of paper mill sewage sludge." Вестник гражданских инженеров 19, no. 4 (2022): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2022-19-4-89-95.
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At present, fresh water sources continue to be polluted by industrial wastewater. At the same time, the materials used for water purification do not fully meet the modern growing needs of science, technology and industry. The use of various inexpensive carbon-containing wastes as adsorbents remains an urgent task to this day. The author proposes a new raw material for the production of a carbon adsorbent for water purification, which makes it possible to utilize the waste of industrial enterprises. There has been studied adsorption activity of the resulting carbon adsorbent, as well as the factors influencing this indicator.
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Jumaeva, Dilnoza, Akmal Abdurakhimov, Khodjiakbar Abdurakhimov, Nigora Rakhmatullaeva, and Olimjon Toirov. "Energy of adsorption of an adsorbent in solving environmental problems." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801082.
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The article presents the results of the study of the adsorption energy, thermodynamic parameters of adsorbents, which serve to solve the problems of ecology and environmental protection.Based on the results obtained, the adsorption mechanism of the pargaz activated carbon adsorbent on the basis of tree wood and waste stem was studied.The energy of the adsorption process of the adsorbent is obtained on the basis of data on the full thermodynamic parameters of the field of application of adsorbents. The paper examines the differential heat content, adsorption isotherm, entropy, and kinetics of PPAU-A experimentally. This article uses adsorption microcalorimetric methods of analysis. Paulownia tomentosa tree coal adsorbents according to the adsorption amounts of water molecules in thermally and steam-gas activated carbon adsorbents based on tree stems is as follows: PPAU-A> BAU-A.The value of the adsorption value of water vapor in PPAU-Ada Beryoze activated carbon was found to be 1.4 times higher than BAU-A.
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Fauzi, W. N. Wan, F. S. Mohd Fairuz, N. Mohd Shukri, N. F. Muhamad Salleh, W. N. Wan Abdullah, N. A. Mohd Shohaimi, A. Z. Ab Halim, and N. H. Abdullah. "Removal of As and Cd Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Biosorption Technique." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1102, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1102/1/012088.
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Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are listed as heavy metals that have contaminated the environment, especially water supplies. Therefore, the goal of this study was to remove heavy metals, particularly As and Cd metal ions, from aqueous solutions by utilizing natural waste adsorbents and at the same time, help in the reduction of waste products. This study was designed to use low-cost and more widely available adsorbents material such as coconut husk and banana peel to remove As and Cd ions in an aqueous solution. The adsorption method was utilized to reduce and remove the As and Cd ions, and their concentrations in an aqueous solution were then determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Various parameters such as types of adsorbents (banana peel and coconut husk), adsorbent dosages (0.1-0.3g), contact time (30-70 minutes), and temperature (25-45°C) were used to carry out the removal process. The FTIR analysis revealed that certain heavy metals were more likely to bind to these adsorbents due to the presence of important functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O). From this study, the optimum removal conditions were 0.1 g dose of adsorbent along with 70 minutes of contact time at a reaction temperature of 25°C. The results revealed that banana peel removed 0.948 mg/L of Cd ions and 0.148 mg/L of As ions from the aqueous solution, suggesting that it was more efficient at removing heavy metals than coconut husk. Meanwhile, Cd ions have a higher affinity (93.9% to 99.9% removal) than As ions (8.3% to 22.2% removal) to adsorb onto the active sites of banana peel and be removed from an aqueous solution. In conclusion, the adsorption technique using natural waste adsorbents can be applied to remove the As and Cd ions from the aqueous solutions. The reduction of these heavy metals’ concentration by adsorbents can also help to preserve the quality of water sources under the permissible limit set by WHO.
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Zhu, Lin, Mei Na Liang, and Dao Lin Huang. "The Research Progress on New Adsorbent of Dealing with Heavy Metal Pollution in Water." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1969–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1969.
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With the increasing of industrialization, the heavy metals cause serious pollution of water in China. This paper reviewed the study of many kinds of new adsorbent materials remove heavy metal from pollution water, these new adsorbent including modification activated carbon, inorganic absorbent material, industrial waste, biological adsorbents and synthetic adsorbent, and pointed out the trend of development of the new adsorbent material application in the future.
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Wang, Qianqian, Simeng Liu, Honglei Chen, Jun Liu, Huan Liu, and Qianqian Zhu. "Carboxylated cellulose silica hybrid beads for efficient dye removal." BioResources 18, no. 2 (April 25, 2023): 4104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.2.4104-4115.
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Highly efficient and environmentally friendly carboxylated cellulose silica hybrid adsorbents were prepared by combining the advantages of cellulose and silica. The surface property and chemical composition of produced cellulose silica hybrid adsorbents were extensively characterized via different techniques. The results indicated that silica particles were densely deposited on the surface of composite adsorbents. Because of their porous structure and large specific surface area, the carboxylated cellulose silica hybrid adsorbents demonstrated a high capacity of methylene blue (MB) adsorption, exceeding 990 mg·g-1. This adsorption capacity was more than 45% higher than that of carboxylated cellulose adsorbent. The cellulose silica hybrid adsorbents were able to maintain an MB adsorption efficiency of up to 70% even after undergoing five cycles. This study developed cellulose silica hybrid adsorbents for wastewater treatments. High adsorption capacity and stability make them sustainable and cost-effective alternatives to traditional adsorbents.
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Notzir, Nur Hayati, Mohd Izwan Masngut, and Santhana Raj Louis. "Physical Structures and Adsorption Efficiencies of Sugarcane Bagasse, Coconut Pulp and Sawdust as Natural Adsorbents in Removal of Heavy Metals From Car Wash Activity." HEALTH AND WELLNESS II 18, s15 (October 15, 2022): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.18.s15.15.
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Introduction: Car wash premises consume large amounts of water that can later end up in the public irrigation system. This production of wastewater, which contains heavy metals, are both detrimental to the marine environment and unsustainable. Methods: In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SB), coconut pulp (CP) and sawdust (SD) were investigated to determine their potential usage as low-cost, heavy metals adsorbents. The morphology of these adsorbents was characterized using Spectrometry Electron Microscope (SEM), while presence of heavy metals constituents on selected adsorbents was analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Adsorbents Adsorption efficiencies were calculated to determine the best adsorbent. Results: CP with a more porous structure promotes a larger surface area, compared to SB and SD. Adsorption was optimized at pH 4 in room temperature for 4 hours, with adsorbents particle between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm in size. SD was the best adsorbent for Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) removal with 95.6% and 86.5% removal efficiencies. Meanwhile, CP was the best adsorbent for Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn), with percentage removal of 78.9% and 24.8% respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used by relevant agencies for a better policy regarding on wastewater management and support the concept of turning waste to useful products.