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Zubairu, A. H., U. Haruna, D. Iliyasu, A. R. Mustapha, F. Lawan, M. Mustapha, L. Adamu, and S. T. Muhammad. "Retrospective Study of Cattle Fetal Wastage at Hadeja Abattoir, Jigawa State: Economic Implication and Seasonal Variation." Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i1.303.
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Fetal wastage usually occurs due to indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant cows without proper ante mortem assessment of the pregnancy status prior to slaughter in most of the abattoir in Jigawa state. Therefore, the current retrospective study was aimed to determine the extent of cattle fetal wastage and its economic implications for a period of 6 years (2016-2021) in Hadeja abattoir Jigawa state. The total number of cows slaughtered in Hadeja abattoir and the fetal wastage were evaluated. Variation in the number of fetal wastages during dry season and rainy season were determined. Economic implications of fetal wastage were evaluated. The results revealed the number of fetuses wasted were 3,763 within a six-year period. The highest number of fetal wastages 2777 (73.8 %/) were recorded in the dry season with (P < 0.05), compared to the number of fetal wastages 986 (26.2 %) recorded in the rainy season. The financial losses due to fetal wastages was estimated at ₦2,162,160,000 with an annual loss of ₦ 360,360,000. The yearly average fetal wastage across the study period was 627 (16.7 %). Large number of fetal wastages were recorded during the dry season with significant economic losses. Hence, effective ante mortem inspection and pregnancy diagnosis in cows is necessary in order to avert this problem at the abattoir. Similarly, reinforcement of legislation law against indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant cows should be enforced at the abattoir.
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Yogish, H. K., M. Niranjanamurthy, and K. L. Abhishek. "Smart Wastage Monitoring System with Internet of Things Capability and Location Tracking." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9069.
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Major significant challenge looked by the current reality is the developing measure of wastage (garbage) produced each day. Because of urbanization, population explosion and ill-advised methods for waste gathering, waste is being created on an enormous size. Hazardous infections, decrease in the nature of style in the earth, air and water contamination are for the most part resultant issues of unattended wastage primarily because of carelessness in wastage assortment. Hence, there are various accessible advances which go for successful accumulation of waste. In this paper, IoT have been utilized to handle smart wastage bins which are used to gather wastage and avoid it from spilling over. Global Positioning System (GPS), Arduino UNO microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module chip and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) has incorporated into a framework to employ these wastage bins.
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Mohammed, Solomon Ahmed, Mesfin Haile Kahissay, and Abel Demerew Hailu. "Pharmaceuticals wastage and pharmaceuticals waste management in public health facilities of Dessie town, North East Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 28, 2021): e0259160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259160.
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Background Pharmaceuticals wastes are drugs and medicines that can no longer be used. The improper disposal of unused medicines is a growing problem throughout the world. This study assessed the pharmaceutical wastage rate and pharmaceutical waste management for the year 2015 to 2017 in the public health facility of Dessie, Ethiopia. Methodology A cross-section study design was used to review logistic data retrospectively from health commodity management information systems and manual records in 8 health facilities. Health professionals’ (135) pharmaceutical waste management practices were assessed using the world health organization waste management checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics were made using a statistical package for social sciences version 20. Result Supplies were the leading class of pharmaceuticals with an overall wastage rate of 37.1%. Tablet and injectable constituted the highest class of pharmaceuticals dosage form with the overall wastage rate of 20.78% and 16.49%. The overall pharmaceutical wastage rate was 3.68% amounting to USD 159,762.66 and expiry (92.05%) was the major reason for wastage. The pharmaceutical wastage rate of health centers was nearly twofold higher than hospitals. Pharmaceutical waste management was practiced by 105 (77%; 95% CI; 69.9%, 84.9%) health professionals. Determinants of pharmaceutical waste management were being male (P value = 0.08, AOR = 3.72), receiving training (P value = 0.01, AOR = 4.34), writing label (P value = 0.02, AOR = 5.04), storage of segregated waste in dispensing unit (P value = 0.01, AOR = 0.72) and the presence of disposal plan (P value = 0.002, AOR = 16.93). Conclusions Supplies and tablets constituted the highest wastage class of pharmaceuticals and dosage form. The pharmaceutical wastage rate was higher than the standard and increasing in successive years. Pharmaceutical waste management was not fully practiced. Appropriate inventory control and waste management are recommended.
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Javadzadeh Shahshahani, Hayedeh, Shahin Sharifi, and Soheila Nasizadeh. "Impact of Implementing a Standard Operating Procedure to Reduce Blood Wastage in Blood Centers of Iran." Archives of Iranian Medicine 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2024.14.
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Background: Blood wastage leads to additional costs and reduced blood availability to patients. Above all is the moral issue of wasting donor gifts. This study aimed to determine the rate of blood wastage before and after implementing a new standard operating procedure (SOP) in Iran. Methods: In this interventional study, a SOP for wastage management was prepared and implemented in all blood centers throughout the country. Data were extracted from the integrated software of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO). The wastage rate of blood components in the post-intervention years (2016-2017) was then compared with that in the pre-intervention years (2013-2015) using the Z test. Results: The overall wastage rate decreased by 36.86% (P<0.001, 95% CI [36.84-36.88]) after the intervention. Red blood cell (RBC) wastage decreased from 2.6% to 2.5%, platelet wastage from 19.5% to 10.6% and plasma wastage from 15.5% to 7.3% (P<0.001). The highest percentage of waste reduction pertained to plasma components, which decreased by 52.90% (P<0.001, 95% CI [52.86-52.94]). Expiration was the most common cause of RBC and platelet wastage. The most common causes of plasma wastage were RBC contamination and rupture or leakage of the bags. The intervention resulted in a drop of over 250000 discarded components each year, equal to approximately thirty-six million dollars in savings. Conclusion: This intervention effectively reduced waste and increased efficiency. Ongoing blood wastage reviews, auditing, and receiving feedback from the central headquarters were powerful tools in following the compliance of blood centers. Further studies are recommended, especially concerning blood wastage in hospital blood banks and various wards.
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Sarfaty, Michal, Assaf Moore, Ashley M. Regazzi, Aaron P. Mitchell, and Jonathan E. Rosenberg. "The Cost of Enfortumab Vedotin Wastage Due to Vial Size—A Real-World Analysis." Cancers 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 5977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235977.
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Enfortumab Vedotin (EV) is FDA-approved for advanced urothelial cancer in patients previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and a checkpoint inhibitor. We conducted a real-world study to determine the extent of EV wastage in a single institution and assessed the financial impact of EV wastage annually in the United States. Systematic examination of the usage and wastage of all standard-of-care EV treatments administered to urothelial cancer patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 was performed. Drug wastage was calculated by subtracting the actual administered dose from the total dose in an optimal set of vials. We built a pharmacoeconomic model to assess the financial impact of EV wastage annually in the US using the January 2021 Average Sales Prices from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Sixty-four patients were treated with standard-of-care EV, with a median of 11 doses per patient (range 1–28). Wastage occurred in 46% of administered doses (367/793), with a mean waste per dose of 2.9% (0–18%). The average drug wastage cost per patient was $3127 ($252/dose). The annual cost of EV wastage in the US is estimated to be $15 million based on wastage data from a single center in the US. In summary, EV wastage due to available vial sizes was 2.9%, which falls under acceptable thresholds. While the percentage of EV wastage is relatively low, waste-minimizing practices may reduce the financial toxicity for the individual patient and for society.
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Elimelech, Ert, and Ayalon. "Exploring the Drivers behind Self-Reported and Measured Food Wastage." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 14, 2019): 5677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205677.
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Understanding households’ food waste drivers is crucial for forming a coherent policy to meet the sustainable development goals. However, current studies have documented mixed evidence regarding food waste determinants. Most studies have relied on self-reports, assuming they reflect actual behaviors. This study applies a structural equation model that evaluates both self-reported and measured food wastage, and how they are affected by different households’ attributes, attitudes, and behaviors. As such, it also provides a test for the underlying logic that self-reports are a proxy for actual food waste. Results show that measured food wastage is, at best, weakly correlated with self-reports. Moreover, drivers affecting self-reported and measured food wastage are not necessarily the same. Household size affects only measured food wastage. Source separation behavior negatively affects self-reported and measured food wastage, while environmental attitudes have a negative effect only on self-reports. Meal planning, unplanned shopping, and food purchased have no impact on self-reported and measured food wastage. The relation between self-reported and actual food waste and their drivers are even less understood than we thought. The distinction between self-reports and actual waste is crucial for follow-up research on this subject as well as assessing policy measures.
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Jyoti, K., G. Manjula, and MS Ganachari. "Application of KW-ANOVA statistics to generate evidence for cytotoxic drug wastage induced financial burden among cancer patients: A clinical pharmacist observation." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 7 (January 16, 2020): 1559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155219898710.
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Background Very little is known about the effects of drug wastage costs among cancer patients in terms of “financial toxicity” leading to poor health and nonhealth outcomes. But reducing this drug waste is an attractive strategy for cost-cutting with regard to improving the health-related quality of life of the cancer patients. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine drug wastage and to generate evidence for cytotoxic drug waste and financial burden among cancer patients. Methodology: On Ethics Committee approval, a prospective-observational study was conducted in cancer patients. The data were collected in data collection form. Daily monitoring was done to analyze the quantity of drug wastage which was interpreted using KW-ANOVA and further evidence was developed for corrective mitigation strategies applicable to intent drugs. Results Among 90 patients, 52 patients experienced drug wastage that includes 9 intent drugs which figured out unnecessary monetary units and quantity wastage that range from 80 to 50,000 INR and 10 to 500 mg, respectively. The median price value for cost of drug wastage was 237.30 INR. Conclusion The study generates evidence that concludes the mandatory requirement of implementation of drug wastage mitigation strategies for the drugs expected to cause wastage. Clinical pharmacist extensively contributes in oncology pharmacy practice setting to identify the intent drugs and to abate the drug wastage among medications intending to cause potential increment in drug expenditure among cancer patients on chemotherapy clinical pharmacist.
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Lee, Hsu-Hua, and Pao-Yuan Huang. "Food Waste and Environmental Sustainability of the Hotel Industry in Taiwan." Sustainability 15, no. 21 (October 30, 2023): 15459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152115459.
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There is an alarming surge in food wastage stemming from culinary practices and intricate cuisines despite technological advancements. The reduction in food wastage is a pivotal sustainable development goal, yet statistics indicate high levels of wastage. Scholars have investigated food waste extensively with a focus on the hospitality sector, which accounts for nearly 12% of total waste. Factors contributing to food waste have been examined, yet findings tend to be isolated and lack a holistic approach. Existing research leans heavily toward developed countries despite the issue being more pronounced in developing economies. Investigations into hotel-related food wastage in Taiwan remain scarce. Effective waste management can curtail expenditures and enhance brand reputation and underscore a commitment to environmental sustainability for hoteliers and culinary managers. This study offers actionable insights to guide sustainable development. The current research employs qualitative interviews and structured questionnaires with culinary experts and hotel management to decode intricacies of food wastage across procurement, inventory, and preparation in Taiwanese hotels. Utilizing the Analytic Network Process methodology, the research provides insights to guide hoteliers in achieving sustainable development goals.
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Abdelmonem, M., N. Mansour, N. A. Dughman, and H. Wasim. "Blood Products Wastage in Benghazi Hospitals, Libya: The Rate and Causes." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 160, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2023): S107—S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqad150.236.
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Abstract Introduction/Objective Introduction: Despite the rising demand for blood and blood products, supplies are limited. Limiting blood wastage may compensate for fewer donors. This study examines blood waste in Benghazi. A close look at blood and blood product distribution can reveal areas of frequent wastage and the primary factors contributing of blood waste. This would aid in the development of waste prevention programs and raise awareness of the issue. Physicians, laboratory professionals and nurses can follow blood transfusion guidelines. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the rate of blood products wastage and identify the causes of Wastage in Benghazi hospitals in Libya. Methods/Case Report Materials and Methods: Data for this retrospective study describes the blood components utilization or waste for two years: 2015 and 2016 were obtained from hospital blood bank records of all public and private hospitals that Benghazi central blood bank supply with blood and blood components. Descriptive statistical methods analyzed the data. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Results: In 2015 and 2016, Benghazi central blood bank supplied hospitals with 73511 units of blood. 35107(47.8%) were transfused. Wasted or discarded 33318(45.4)units. No data was available for 5086 units(6.8%). The most frequently wasted component was PRBCs(87%) followed by platelets(8%) and FFP(6%). The major cause of wastage for PRBCs is over-ordering (70.2%) followed by outdated units(18.5%), Returned after 30 minutes of issue (0.6%), Kept more than 3daysand expired(0.6%) and Issued to other hospitals(10.1%). The main cause of wastage for platelets is over-ordering (89%), and inappropriate ordering is the most common cause of waste of FFP(85%). PRBCs waste was mostly found in the surgical department, mainly obstetric(24%). For platelets, waste was mostly found in the hematology department(32%). for FFP, waste was mostly found in ER(47.1%). Conclusion The main cause of blood and blood component wastage is the unnecessary ordering of blood products. The most blood component discarded is PRBCs. Physicians are the most responsible for blood and blood component wastage. The blood ordering pattern needs to be revised, and the over-ordering of blood and blood component should be minimized. Medical staff must be educated to reduce blood wastage. Every hospital should implement a hospital transfusion committee to develop local guidelines and policies to monitor the rational use of blood and blood component.
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Toprak, M., I. M. Asuzu, G. Morvillo, F. Kiran, B. Chae, D. S. Desai, and L. M. Opitz. "Identification of Wasted Blood Products at Staten Island University Hospital in 2020 and Institutional Efforts to Reduce Wastage." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 156, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): S156—S157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.334.
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Abstract Introduction/Objective Blood products are precious resources obtained from donors who donate with the intention to help people. These blood products however do not always go to the patients, instead sometimes ending up in the waste. It is inevitable to have some degree of the wastage due to limited blood product shelf life, the inherent need to have stock on hand at all times, and the often unpredictable demand of these products. However, it is possible to minimize the wastage of blood products with careful management of inventories, proper documentation, and education1. In this study, we aim to identify the amount and cost of wasted blood products at Staten Island University Hospital in 2020, the reasons behind the wastage, and solutions to reduce the wastage. Methods/Case Report A retrospective statistical analysis of blood product waste data in 2020 was performed manually with Microsoft Excel. Wastage rate and average cost was calculated, the reasons behind the wastage were identified, and low cost interventions to reduce wastage were planned. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Total number of the wasted blood product is 425 which represents 3.8% of the total inventory at a total cost of $ 97,309.46 which does not include the hours spend by the lab personnel for the wasted products. The most wasted blood component is fresh frozen plasma (FFP) (Table 1). Thawing the frozen blood products (FFP and cryoprecipitate) significantly shortens the shelf life and triggers a lot of wastage through expiration (Table 2). 32.5 % of the wasted products are wasted due to expiration on the shelf (Diagram 1). Other reasons for the wastage includes patient unreadiness, patient refusal, late return of unused products etc. (Graph 1). Conclusion Educating clinical and laboratory team members about the reasons for wasted blood products and strategies to reduce it might significantly reduce the wastage. Appropriate activation and immediate deactivation of massive transfusion protocol (MTP) would be one of the most important aspect of this education. Expired thawed blood product is the largest contributor to wastage, and MTP is the main reason for thawing. Preventing unnecessary MTP activation minimizes over-thawing and therefore minimizes the expiration and wastage. Documentation of the wasted blood product should be improved to better identify the reasons behind wastage.
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Pandey, Aviyan. "FOOD WASTAGE: CAUSES, IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS." Science Heritage Journal 5, no. 1 (August 17, 2021): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/gws.01.2021.17.20.
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Each year one third of all the produced food for human consumption is lost or wasted. Food wastage scales up the number of hungry people throughout the world and impairs the global food security. Food wastage not only decreases the availability of food, it also reduces the resources needed to produce food for future generation. In many low-income countries, there is considerable loss due to poor storage facilities and lack of capacity to transport produced food immediately after harvesting. Confusion arising from the existence and poor understanding of different food date labels are a major indirect causes of food wastage in developed countries. The quantitative and qualitative impacts of food wastage can be addressed through food wastage footprint. The total food wastage accounts for 3.3Gtonnes of CO2 equivalent. Globally, the blue water footprint of food wastage is about 250km3 equivalent to three times the volume of Lake Geneva. Produced but uneaten food occupies almost about 1.4 billion hectares of land; this represents close to 28% of the world’s agricultural land area. It is difficult to estimate the impact on biodiversity at global level. The impacts are assessed through deforestation due to agricultural expansion and species threatened during agricultural practices. Food wastage also leads to loss of economic value of food entities. Each year, 1 trillion USD is lost through food loss and waste at global level. The broad level of causes and impacts enable us to identify number of solutions to reduce food wastage. Improved practices at harvest and post-harvest stages by adopting new technical innovations could be the best way to mitigate losses in developing countries. Consumer’s behavior should be modified to reduce waste at down-stream level. The government and development partners have to develop sustainable initiatives through effective policies and raise awareness among the people to solve food wastage problem.
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Zhao, Jin, Ghulam Rasool Madni, and Muhammad Awais Anwar. "Exploring rural inhabitants’ perceptions towards food wastage during COVID-19 lockdowns: Implications for food security in Pakistan." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): e0264534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264534.
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The lessening of food wastage, specifically among nations where about half of its worldwide quantity is produced, has turned to be a mammoth challenge for environmental, social and economic sustainability, and represents one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) within the Agenda 2030. The quantity of food being thrown away in spite of being in an edible condition has become alarming in middle and high income countries. The COVID-19 lockdown strategy, both at local and international levels, has expressively altered work, life and food consumption behaviors globally, directing to food wastage as a multi sectoral issue. Pakistan has no exception to such manifestations. The main objective of this study is to analyze the perceptions of rural people of Pakistan regarding food wastage during the COVID-19 pandemic. To evaluate whether behavior about food wastage among rural households varied or not during the pandemic, a descriptive survey was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire and 963 responses were selected for further empirical investigations. The findings of the study reveal that food waste actually decreased in spite of an increased amount of purchased food during the lockdown. Our results highlight that the effect of the pandemic has led to reduction in food wastage among rural respondents, an increased consciousness for the morals of food waste, and awareness of environmental impacts of food wastage. The conclusions of this study highlight that rural consumers of Pakistan are emerging with a new level of responsiveness about food wastage with possible positive impact on the environment in terms of decreased greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and other pollutants. The study findings imply that this pandemic time provides a suitable window to raise awareness about food wastage among rural as well as urban households while contemplating effective strategies to overcome the issue of food wastage in the country.
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Damaser, E. "Insulin Wastage." Diabetes Care 8, no. 2 (March 1, 1985): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.8.2.203a.
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Considine, June, and Melissa Murray. "No Wastage." Books Ireland, no. 121 (1988): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20625976.
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Tse, Man Tsuey. "Preventing wastage." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, no. 10 (October 2010): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd3278.
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Dalgleish, D., and M. Fletcher. "Oxygen wastage." Anaesthesia 62, no. 11 (October 8, 2007): 1188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05333_1.x.
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Nigussie, Tariku, and M. K. Chandrasekar. "Influence of rebar practice in the total cost of building construction projects: The case of Hawassa city, Ethiopia." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v12i1.5.
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Rebar is one of the materials which is so scarce and highly expensive. The existing practices produce a large quantity of wastage; which contributes to the increment of the project cost. This study aimed to analyze the causes, extent, and remedies of steel wastages on the total costs of construction projects in Hawassa city. The study followed descriptive and analytical research designs. The cost estimated in the bill of quantity and the final cost after the provision of the steel with alterations was compared and the reasons for cost overrun were analyzed. The data were analyzed using Central value analysis, correlation and regression analysis using SPSS stat20, RebarWin7.97, ETABS2016. The percentage of the cost of steel wastage in total cost was found 1.43%. The result of the study verdict that frequent design change and bare-benders skill gap contribute much to the material wastage, thus for the cost overrun of projects.
Keywords: Bending gain, cost overrun, detailing, rebar, redesign, steel, wastage
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Nair, Girish. "The food we waste: antecedents of food wastage management behaviour." International Journal of Social Economics 48, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 826–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2020-0029.
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PurposeThis research is on the study of the variables which have bearing on behavioural aspects of food wastage in Qatar. As about 30% of food is being wasted in Qatar, despite the fact that 90% of food consumption is imported, the problem has now drawn national importance.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts positivist paradigm, and Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour (TPB) provides the theoretical foundation. Questionnaire survey has been used to collect data from the consumers in Qatar (n = 212), based on convenience sampling, and the tool used for analysis is structural equation modelling (SEM) using partial least square method (PLSM).FindingsOut of the five hypotheses being tested, four have been supported, which have led to the drawing of the implications and suggestions to reduce or even avoid food wastage. The study has revealed that both attitude and perceived behavioural control act as significant predictors of intention to avoid food wastage, which in turn is the predictor of food wastage behaviour. In addition, it is also revealed that perceive behavioural control is a direct predictor of food wastage behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsMore research may be required to further investigate why Qatari consumers have not been influenced by subjective norms on their intention to avoid food wastage.Practical implicationsThe suggestions have been drawn to the concerned authorities in Qatar to consider as measures of food waste minimization.Social implicationsTheoretically, the research provides an empirical proof to Ajzen's TPB in the context of food wastage management.Originality/valueAn attempt has been made to study the food wastage behaviour of the residents of Qatar so that the antecedents of food wastage behaviour can be identified and remedial actions may be taken to reduce food wastage.
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El Bilali, Hamid. "Research on food losses and waste in North Africa." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 2, no. 3 (April 4, 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.2.3.51-58.
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Background: Food losses and food waste represent an emerging problem with enormous economic, environmental, and social implications. Therefore, the reduction of food wastage is considered a promising strategy, not only to achieve food security but also to improve the food system sustainability. Food wastage is a serious issue also in North Africa region. Aims: This paper provides an overview on research dealing with food losses and waste (FLW) in North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia). Methods and Material: A systematic review was carried out in January 2018 using Scopus database. Issues addressed in the systematic review include geography of research on FLW in North Africa (i.e. countries considered or underserved), bibliometric parameters (e.g. journals, institutions) as well as thematic focus (agricultural loss, food waste). Selected records were also interrogated to see if they address the extent of FLW, the relation between food wastage and food security, economic implications of FLW, and environmental footprints of FLW. Results: The results show that research on FLW is still marginal in North Africa in general and in Libya and Mauritania in particular. Moreover, while there are some interesting pieces of research on the amount of FLW, environmental and economic impacts of FLW as well as their implications in terms of food security are largely overlooked. Conclusions: Therefore, North African researchers should pay more attention to food wastage issue. Such an endeavor should be supported by research policy in North Africa. Keywords: Agricultural losses, Environment, Food losses, Food security, Food wastage, Food waste, North Africa.
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Shirbhate, Prof Snehal C. "Food Wastage Management and Tracking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 3461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60692.
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Abstract: In recent years, the issue of food wastage has garnered significant attention due to its adverse environmental, social, and economic implications. To address this challenge, technological innovations have emerged as powerful tools. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of a Food Wastage Management Android App, offering an integrated solution to reduce food waste. The app leverages cutting-edge technologies to efficiently manage surplus food, promoting responsible consumption and minimizing waste generation. Food wastage is a pervasive issue in our society, and effective management is crucial for improving environmental and economic sustainability. Recognizing the potential of mobile technology in mitigating food waste, we have developed an Android mobile application. This app enables individual users or restaurants to donate and share their surplus food with those in need. Users can register, login, view available items, add new items, access donor details, and logout seamlessly. Utilizing a real-time database, the app allows users in need to browse through donated food images from various contributors and easily contact donors. By facilitating the redistribution of surplus food, the app aims to combat food wastage and promote a more sustainable food ecosystem.
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Balar, Karm P., Rushabh A. Shah, and Jayesh A. Shah. "Material Management: A Sustainable Way to Reduce the Wastage." Journal of Advance Research in Business Management and Accounting (ISSN: 2456-3544) 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnbma.v1i1.144.
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In today’s world construction work are going at unexpected speed in all area like building, bridge, high-rise and so on. As we know there are two side of coin same way there are some disadvantage of this speedy construction which leads towards a wastage, like Material, Money, Time, and so on. One of the most important part of wastage is due to Improper Material Management. If we not prepare good managementtechnic of material management than it convert in to wastage. It shall be very hard to manage wastage rather than managing the material. So if we want to manage the waste we need to manage the material in Proper Way. For that first of all we need to find out the importance of Phases of Material Management and Crucial Factors which affects the material management.
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Rana, Md Tanbheer. "Feasibility study of brown mustard (Brassica juncea (l.) Czern) plant as a raw material for manufacturing of particle board." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 04 (April 12, 2022): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i4.fe01.
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Particle board is mostly used as alternative to wood at present age to reduce the pressure on solid wood. Different raw materials, mostly woody and non woody materials are used as wood particle and various resins are used as binder. Now-a-days, vegetable wastages are also utilized. This study was conducted to compare the feasibility of using Brown Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern) plant wastage for manufacturing of particleboard. The physical and mechanical properties of brown mustard board were tested to access its quality. The particle board made from brown mustard waste presents good physical and mechanical properties. It was found that the density of brown mustard particleboard was 0.836 gm/cm3, moisture content was 6.95%, water absorption was 37.69 %, thickness swelling was 14.58 %, linear expansion was 0.96%, Modulus of Rupture was 26.39 N/mm2 and Modulus of Elasticity was 2795.64 N/mm2. The physical and the mechanical properties of particle board of brown mustard waste were compared with the properties of market particle boards. Therefore, it can be concluded that brown mustard wastage can be used as alternative raw material for particleboard manufacturing.
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Bekr, Ghanim A. "Study of the Causes and Magnitude of Wastage of Materials on Construction Sites in Jordan." Journal of Construction Engineering 2014 (October 29, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/283298.
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The research aims to study the causes and magnitude of wastage of construction materials on construction projects sites in Jordan. To achieve the research aim, the researcher had prepared a questionnaire form included questions about the causes of wastage and the estimated percentages of wastage of ten most popular kinds of materials used on construction sites in Jordan. Prior to the final formulation of the questionnaire form, a pilot survey was conducted. The form was revised in accordance with the feedback received. The number of causes adopted was 60 distributed on the six major categories. The form was distributed to 240 participants (clients, contractors, and consultants). The study revealed that the most important causes of wastage of materials on construction sites in Jordan are frequent design and client’s changes; rework due to workers mistakes; poor contract documents; wrong and lack of storage of materials; poor strategy for waste minimization; shortage and lack of experience of skilled workers; poor site conditions; damage during transportation; theft and vandalism; and mistakes in quantity surveying and over allowance. In addition the study concluded that the percentage of wastage materials is accounted for by values between 15% and 21% on Jordanian construction sites.
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Khan, Sadaf Mehmood, and Judhi Prasetyo. "Humanoid Robot To Help Reduce Food Waste by Detecting Food Quality Using Artificial Intelligence." Journal of Applied Science and Advanced Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 26, 2023): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.59097/jasae.v1i1.12.
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After assessing existing problems in food wastage and identifying if any solutions pre-exist, this eventually sparked the idea for developing a solution to detect food quality and reduce food waste. This was shown by doing a thorough study in order to fully comprehend the problem of food wastage. According to the study results, the leading cause/causes of food wastage are that most family members do not complete their meal and do not check the fridge, freezer, or cabinets before going shopping. In hindsight, this preliminary study aided in the creation of a solution that might aid in the reduction of food waste by identifying the food quality of fruits and vegetables and informing the person if it can be kept or should be consumed. The solution proposed was to train Pepper, a humanoid robot, to detect the food quality of fruits and vegetables using image recognition in order to decrease food waste.
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Zoric, Lana, Gerald Daurat, Christophe Demattei, Martine Macheboeuf, Christophe Boisson, Olivier Bouix, Jean C. Gris, Jacques Ripart, and Philippe Cuvillon. "Blood wastage reduction." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 30, no. 5 (May 2013): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/eja.0b013e32835fadcf.
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MEEGDES, BAS H. L. M., RUUD INGENHOES, LOUIS L. H. PEETERS, and NIEK EXALTO. "Early Pregnancy Wastage." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 43, no. 9 (September 1988): 523–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-198809000-00004.
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Kaye, S. B., R. Graham, K. McCarthy, J. R. Green, V. Damjanovic, and M. Austin. "Reducing disinfectant wastage." Eye 5, no. 1 (January 1991): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.1991.22.
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Bukodi, Erzsébet, Mollie Bourne, and Bastian Betthäuser. "Wastage of talent?" Advances in Life Course Research 34 (December 2017): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2017.09.003.
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Hamza, Manar Ahmed, Maha M. Althobaiti, Ola Abdelgney Omer Ali, Souad Larabi-Marie-Sainte, Majdy M. Eltahir, Anwer Mustafa Hilal, Mesfer Al Duhayyim, and Ishfaq Yaseen. "Intelligent CO2 Monitoring for Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea Using Neural Cryptography Techniques." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (January 18, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6349335.
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In biomass wastage, carbon is one of the adsorbent materials. Biomass wastage contains complex materials, and pressure, various temperatures, and presence of various chemical components which are subjected to the adsorption of carbon are a tedious task, and it is used in the sustainable waste management system. While screening the biomass wastage management system, prediction of activated carbon’s quality and understanding of the mechanism of adsorption of CO 2 are a complicated task. Many research works have been developed; the main issues are inaccurate and inefficient prediction of carbon available in the various feedstock of biomass wastage. To overcome these issues, this paper proposed gene expression programming (GEP) with K -nearest neighbour (GEP-KNN). The key advantage of the proposed work shows excellent performance in the prediction of adsorbing carbon and accuracy. The accuracy of the GEP-KNN algorithm with different K values produced the highest accuracy at K = 9 and k = 10 of 95.12% and 95.67%; the lowest accuracy is K = 1 of 65.34%.
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Lu, Di, Jian Xin Wang, and Jia Feng Li. "Analysis of the Optimal Value for Transmission System of Reactive Load Compensation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 1104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.1104.
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In this paper, Describing the type and characteristics of transmission system’s reactive power compensation. The purpose of reactive power compensation can improve system power factor, reduce losses, improve power quality and reduce the capacity and investment of the power equipment system. It especially discussed the increase of reactive power, which can increase the wastage of transmission system; at the same time enhance the voltage decrease. In order to decrease main equipment’s wastage of reactive power—wastage of electromotor, got the optimal charge ratio and efficiency of electromotor. Calculated the absorbed value of reactive power of transformer by the given charge, and got optimal charge ratio of transformer. And it discussed the compensation from non-uniformity net to uniformity net, and the work principle of system compensation. It would make the transmission line’s power with the lowest wastages under condition of fixed charge value and web structure. Through the configuration software development, can make the system more secure and reliable.
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Ogumeyo, S. A., and E. A. Okogun. "Determination of periodic optimal recruitment and wastage schedule using dynamic programming approach." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 9, no. 2a (July 14, 2023): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i2a.2.
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In this paper we propose a dynamic programming (DP) model that can assist organizations in determining future manpower requirement in terms of number, level of skills, and competence as well as formulating plans to meet those requirements. The model which incorporates both wastage and recruitment costs in its formulation is derived with an algorithm for obtaining planned periodic wastages and recruitments which can result in maximum net accruable revenue. We applied data obtained from an institution of higher learning to illustrate our proposed DP model based on wastage and recruitment costs and the results reveals that there should be no staff wastage in periods 2, 5, 9 and 10, and no recruitment should take in periods 2, 5, 8, 9 and 12 if the total accruable revenue from human resources to the organization is to be maximized. We also observed that the dual objective function value and that of the primal are equal which is in agreement with the duality theorem for symmetric duals.
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Alazawi, S., A. Saad, D. Jain, F. Alzaiem, C. Ballouk, and T. Nash. "Financial Analysis of Transfusion Therapy: A Focus on Liquid Plasma and Fresh Frozen Plasma." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 160, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2023): S113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqad150.247.
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Abstract Introduction/Objective Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) is widely used in transfusions, but its short shelf life once thawed (5 days) can lead to wastage. Liquid Plasma (LQP), on the other hand, doesn't require thawing and, thus, has a longer shelf life (26 days), but also more expensive. Our project examines the cost-effectiveness of LQP versus FFP, with a focus on the waste resulting from FFP units expiration at our institution. Methods/Case Report Our methodology involves a comprehensive review of existing literature, focusing on the utility and advantages of liquid plasma incorporation in transfusion protocols, and strategies to mitigate the wastage of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP). We conducted a detailed evaluation of FFP usage and wastage data in 2022 at a level one trauma center in the Detroit metropolitan area, specifically pertaining to trauma and trauma activation cases. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) In 2022, our institution collectively consumed 2,595 units of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP). Of these, 1,024 units, or 39%, were wasted, and only 1,571 units, or 61%, were actually utilized. The average cost per unit of FFP was $40.8, resulting in a total expenditure of $105,876. If the hospitals had used liquid plasma (LQP) instead of FFP, and assuming no wastage with LQP, the total cost would have been $88,133 (given the average cost of $56.1 per unit of LQP). This implies that by switching to LQP from FFP, and by eliminating the wastage, the hospitals could have achieved a combined saving of $17,745 in 2022. Conclusion Our findings highlight the urgent need for more efficient plasma usage. Despite the higher cost of LQP per unit, the increased waste associated with FFP contributes to higher overall costs for hospitals, making liquid plasma a potentially more cost-effective option when considering waste reduction.
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Ranabhat, Anita. "An Exploratory Study of Food Waste in the Hospitality Industry of Pokhara." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 12, no. 1 (May 7, 2024): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jis.v12i1.65452.
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One-third of the global food production is wasted globally. Food production is a resource intensive process and safe disposal of food wasted requires additional resources. In tourism industry food is just more than fulfillment of basic needs. Food is linked with the experience. Food wastage in hospitality is accepted as a major challenge with multifaced consequences and awareness to address the issue of food waste is also increasing. In the context of developing countries like Nepal the topic is still under-studied. Therefore, this study is focused on owners and managers perspective on food wastage in tourism industry of Pokhara with the objectives of identifying current composition and causes of food waste and established approaches to mitigate it. This study was carried out with key informants’ in-depth interview and on-site observations. Unrealistic expectations, unsustainable consumption patterns, lack of general public awareness and management limitations on wastage controlling were major themes identified by the study. The findings call for quantitative study in mass scale to know the exact situation of the food waste in hospitality industry of Pokhara.
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Guirguis, Hany R., Flay Charbonneau, Ivan Tyono, Matthew C. Cheung, and Rena Buckstein. "Shelf-Life Extension Of Azacitidine: A Cancer Centre Experience On Waste and Cost Reduction In The Treatment Of Myelodysplastic Syndromes." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1749.1749.
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Abstract Background Azacitidine (AZA) is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In Canada, it is supplied as a lyophilized powder in 100-mg vials priced at 628 Canadian dollars (C$). The product monograph indicates that the reconstituted drug may be held under refrigerated conditions (2-8°C) for up to a maximum of 8 hours. At a recommended dosing of 75 mg/m2 x 7 days and average body surface areas (BSA) ranging between 1.7-1.9 m2, most patients require more than a single vial reconstituted each day resulting in a drug wastage that might range from 58-72 mg/patient/day. Without strategies to mitigate this wastage, up to 40-50% of the daily dosage for patients of average BSA is thus discarded. At our center, AZA acquisition costs are reimbursed by the provincial funding agency according to mg dispensed and administered (dollars/mg) and not for total vials used; the potential cost of drug wastage is substantial. Walker et al. (Can J Hosp Pharm 2012) recently demonstrated that AZA reconstituted in cold (4°C) sterile water, and stored at -20°C for up to 4 days retained more than 90% of its initial concentration. The Odette Cancer Centre has used this reconstitution and storage strategy since November 2011. In addition, ‘batching’ of AZA patients on the same days and at the same times is attempted wherever possible. We audited AZA prescription use and drug wastage over 1 year after adopting this strategy to determine if the anticipated drug wastage was actually minimized. Methods From December 2011 until November 2012 all patients with MDS treated with at least 1 cycle of AZA were identified via the Cancer Centre pharmacy database. Analysis of the prescribed and wasted doses of AZA was performed. We retrospectively retrieved the mean number of doses administered per patient and per cycle. The mean BSA was determined for all patients, and the mean dose per injection as well as the mean number of cycles per patient was calculated. The total amount of actual drug wastage (based on the pharmacy records) was compared to the projected amount of drug wastage without implementing the new strategy. Results Thirty-one patients (mean BSA of 1.86 m2) received 1167 injections of AZA over 170 cycles of treatment (mean of 5.48 cycles per patient). The mean dose prescribed was 141.7 mg per injection (95% confidence interval 139.43-143.98). Over 12 months a total of 165,370 mg was dispensed at a cost of C$1,038,523.60. The projected amount of AZA that would have been dispensed without adopting the new strategy would have been 233,400 mg, representing potential drug wastage of 68,030 mg at a cost of C$427,228.40. With the mitigating strategies implemented, the actual amount of wasted drug was 2,400 mg at a cost of C$15,072. Expiry on shelf accounted for 52% of the drug wastage (1,240 mg). Drug expiry outside the freezer due to human error, patients failing to arrive on the day of treatment, freezer technical issues, or other causes accounted for 48% of the drug wastage. The average waste per patient per cycle of treatment due to drug expiry on shelf was only 7.3 mg at a cost of C$45.70. If a solitary patient (without patient batching) of average BSA 1.86 m2had been treated without our policy of cold (4°C) water reconstitution and freezing, the drug wastage (cost) would have been 425.6 mg (C$2,672.70)/7 day cycle. In contrast, cold (4°C) sterile water reconstitution with overnight freezing of vials and syringes would result in a drug wastage of 25.6 mg/7 day cycle (C$160.70), a 94% cost savings due to wastage. Conclusions Shelf-life extension with cold (4°C) sterile water reconstitution and freezing of vials and syringes is a simple policy that reduces the waste of AZA by 72-98%. This, in addition to other drug waste minimization strategies like patient batching can lead to significant reductions in drug expenditure and substantial cost-saving. Disclosures: Charbonneau: Hospira: Honoraria; BD Medical: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Hoffman LaRoche: Honoraria. Buckstein:Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Zabłocka, Karolina, Aleksandra Prandota, and Krystyna Rejman. "Marnotrawstwo żywności w kontekście racjonalnego gospodarowania nią w gospodarstwach domowych polskich i szwedzkich studentów." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 114 (June 30, 2016): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2016.114.17.
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Reducing food waste in the entire food supply chain is one of the key challenges to further development of the world. In developed countries the highest food wastage is observed in the final stages of the chain, mainly at the consumption stage. The aim of this study was to compare different aspects of food wastage in households of selected consumer groups i.e. students of life sciences universities in Poland and Sweden. Own questionnaire studies were conducted in the years 2014 and 2015 on a sample of 234 consumers: 132 Polish and 102 Swedish ones. Polish students more often declared behaviours proving or leading to irrational management of food. Respondents from Sweden behaved more rationally when it comes to using food surpluses and less often declared the majority of the causes of food wastage. The results indicate the necessity to publicize the issue of food waste, especially undertaking actions aiming at its reduction in the consumption processes in the households.
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Monga, Varun, Chenise Meyer, Brandon Vakiner, and Gerald Clamon. "Financial impact of oral chemotherapy wastage on society and the patient." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 25, no. 4 (March 25, 2018): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155218762596.
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Background Targeted oral agents are now increasingly being utilized in cancer treatment, but are expensive. Changing the dose of these medications due to toxicity or discontinuation secondary to disease progression or death causes waste from unused medication. Limiting waste is an important goal, as waste has a substantial financial impact on patients and insurance companies. Methods Patients started on oral targeted agents' sunitinib, everolimus, axitinib, or vemurafenib between January 2012 and February 2015 who obtained their medications at Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center specialty pharmacy were included in the analysis. We acquired dispensing data retrospectively for each of the agents and reviewed patient charts. Wasted tablets/capsules were calculated from their last fill to the dates of stoppage or dose adjustment. The amount associated with the wastage was calculated using the average wholesale price. Repository drug usage data during the same time period was obtained. Results Eighty-eight patients had their prescriptions filled at Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center during the study time period. Waste occurred in 41% of all patients with primary reasons attributed to cancer progression in 25 patients, death in five patients, toxicity in five patients and increase in dosage of targeted therapy in two patients. A total of 1179 tablets or capsules were wasted from all causes, priced at a total of $248,595.69. Conclusion Oral chemotherapy medications are associated with wastage, which is a significant financial burden to society. Progression of disease emerged as the single most important factor accounting for wastage. Novel ideas are needed to prevent wastage, thereby reducing healthcare costs.
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Stangherlin, Isadora do Carmo, and Marcia Dutra de Barcellos. "Drivers and barriers to food waste reduction." British Food Journal 120, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 2364–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2017-0726.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse main drivers and barriers to food waste reduction in the consumption phase and analyse pathways to anti-wastage behaviours.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review was performed in order to understand the main variables affecting the behaviour and to identify pathways to move to an anti-waste behaviour. In the end, 84 articles were selected for the final analysis.FindingsDrivers and barriers to reduce food waste were categorised in societal factors, personal factors and behavioural factors. Variables can increase the amount of waste (+) or reduce it (−). From them, efforts to move to an anti-wastage behaviour are classified in macro-environmental change, retailers’ engagement, raise awareness of the issue and creating anti-wastage social norms.Research limitations/implicationsThe systematic review did not capture all variables that can influence consumer food waste and it is necessary different approaches to study the issue.Practical implicationsFrom the drivers for food waste reduction it is possible to design efforts to help consumers change their pattern of behaviour.Social implicationsReducing food waste has effects in changing economic inequality, relative poverty and environmental damages.Originality/valueThe great majority of studies that analyse consumer food waste focus on behaviours that increase food waste. This special paper identifies how to stimulate and proactively work with behaviours that help to food waste reduction.
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Umar, Shehu, Abubakar Kabir Muhammad, and Aisha Abdullahi. "WASTAGE IN PRIMARY EDUCATION: IT’S EFFECT ON SOCIO-EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF SOKOTO STATE." Sokoto Educational Review 13, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35386/ser.v13i2.202.
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Wastage in education cuts across all levels of instruction, primary, secondary and high education. This paper examined the concept of wastage in the field of primary education. How such wastage affects the social and educational status of Sokoto State. The causes of wastage were highlighted and the constraints emanating from socio-social, religious and governmental were examined and recommendations offered. All stakeholders in primary education have to join hands together to control wastage in this vital sub-sector.
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Lien, Karen, Matthew C. Cheung, and Kelvin K. W. Chan. "Adjusting for Drug Wastage in Economic Evaluations of New Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies: A Systematic Review." Journal of Oncology Practice 12, no. 4 (April 2016): e369-e379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.2015.005876.
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Purpose: As costs of cancer care rise, there has been a shift to focus on value. Drug wastage affects costs to patients and health care systems without adding value. Historically, cost-effectiveness analyses have used models that assume no drug wastage; however, this may not reflect real-world practices. We sought to identify the frequency of drug wastage modeling in economic evaluations of modern parenteral therapies for hematologic malignancies. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of economic evaluations of new US Food and Drug Administration–approved parenteral chemotherapies with indications for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. The primary outcome of interest was the proportion of studies that modeled drug wastage in base-case analyses. If wastage was considered in primary analyses, we reported the impact of wastage on incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and drug acquisition costs. Results: Wastage was considered in base-case analyses in less than one third of all publications reviewed (12 of 38; 32%). Of these, two studies went on to complete sensitivity analyses and reported significant changes in the calculated ICER as a result. In one study, the ICER increased by 32%, and in the second, accounting for wastage changed a positive ICER to a dominant result. Conclusion: Potential costs associated with drug wastage are considered in only one third of modern cost-effectiveness models. The impact of wastage on calculated ICERs and drug acquisition costs is potentially substantial. The modeling of wastage in base-case and sensitivity analyses is recommended for future economic evaluations of new intravenous therapies for hematologic malignancies.
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Truong, Judy, Matthew C. Cheung, Helen Mai, Jessa Letargo, Alexandra Chambers, Mona Sabharwal, Maureen E. Trudeau, and Kelvin K. Chan. "Impact of intravenous cancer drug wastage on economic evaluations." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 6607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.6607.
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6607 Background: Intravenous drugs administered through body-surface area (BSA) or weight-based dosing may cause wastage due to large and/or limited fixed vial sizes, and vial sharing restrictions. Drug wastage leads to incremental costs without incremental value to patients. Bach et al. (2016) estimated 10% of revenue ($1.8 billion) from cancer drugs would result from wastage in 2016. The pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review (pCODR) committee provides recommendations on which drugs to publicly reimburse by reviewing clinical and economic evidence. There is considerable potential that drug wastage could impact the economic evaluations. We sought to determine the impact of modeling cancer drug wastage on the results of economic evaluations. Methods: Economic evaluations submitted by drug manufacturers and reviewed by the pCODR Economic Guidance Panel (EGP) were assessed for frequency of wastage reporting and modeling. Cost-effectiveness analyses and budget impact analyses were conducted for scenarios in which “no wastage” and “wastage” of drugs occurred. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the effects of BSA and weight variation. Results: 12 drugs for use in 17 indications were analyzed. Wastage was reported in 71% and incorporated in 53% of manufacturer’s models, resulting in a mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) increase of 6.1% (range: 1.3% to 14.6%). EGP reported and incorporated wastage for 59% of models, resulting in a mean ICER increase of 15.0% (2.6% to 48.2%). When maximum wastage (i.e. the entire unused portion of each vial is discarded) was incorporated in our independent analysis, the mean ICER increased by 24.0% (0.0% to 97.2%) and the mean 3-year total incremental costs increased by 26.0% (0.0% to 83.1%). Over a 3-year period, wastage can increase the total incremental drug budget cost by CAD $102 million nationally. Changing the mean BSA or body weight caused 45% of the drugs to use a different vial size (if available) and/or quantity, resulting in further increased drug costs. Conclusions: Wastage can have an under-recognized and significant impact on economic evaluations of intravenous chemotherapy drugs. Guidelines are needed to promote uniform and optimal modeling of drug wastage in economic evaluations.
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Cooreman-Algoed, Margot, Fien Minnens, Lieselot Boone, Kyara Botterman, Sue Ellen Taelman, Wim Verbeke, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Yung Hung, and Jo Dewulf. "Consumer and Food Product Determinants of Food Wasting: A Case Study on Chicken Meat." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 7027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137027.
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Food wastage is an environmental concern worldwide, particularly regarding households. This study aims to identify household food wasting segments and to assess the relationship between both consumer and food product determinants and the identified segments. Data were collected through a consumer survey of several packaged chicken products (n = 256; 2019) in a retail setting in Belgium. Of the participants, 36% reported never wasting any chicken meat. The average waste percentages were small, 1.1–3.1%, depending on the packaged product, although they were not significantly different between products. Participants with low levels of self-reported chicken waste were significantly older, without children and/or unemployed. Moreover, their households scored better for household routines and skills. They also agreed more to intend not to waste food, experienced a stronger injunctive norm and perceived consumer effectiveness. Additionally, lower chicken product wastage was discovered for households purchasing organic products and products with both a lower food convenience grade and shorter shelf life. Some relationships between household wastage and food product determinants contrast with expectations based on literature. The cause can be that some determinants are more related to food wasting (e.g., when participants buy organic products) than others (e.g., the products’ shelf life).
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Cheung, Matthew C., Maureen E. Trudeau, Anca Prica, Rena Buckstein, and Kelvin KW Chan. "Adjusting For Drug Wastage In Economic Evaluations Of New Therapies For Hematologic Malignancies: A Systematic Review Of The Literature and Implications." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2928.2928.
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Abstract The cost of cancer care is rising to levels that appear unsustainable, in large part driven by a rapid increase in expenditures for novel therapies. In 2005, the direct costs of cancer care in the United States were $74 billion, with a prediction that these figures will double this decade as the population ages and we enter an age of biologically-tailored drug development. Historically, the evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of new drug therapies presumes that every milligram of drug is effectively utilized. With manufacturers dictating the availability of vial sizes for parenteral drugs, however, this may not be the case. A recent single-institution study in Canada estimated that an annual loss of $150 000 ($CDN) could be attributed to drug wastage of a parenteral therapy for myelodysplasia (Walker et al., Can J Hosp Pharm 2012). Whether current economic evaluations routinely model the potential for drug wastage, or the strategies to mitigate wastage, has not previously been determined. We sought to identify the frequency of drug wastage modeling in economic evaluations of modern parenteral therapies for hematologic malignancies. All US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved parenteral therapies from 2006-2013 (n=14) were identified for review. A systematic review of published English-language economic evaluations for these therapies was conducted and data on the conduct of the cost-analyses were extracted in duplicate. The primary outcome was the proportion of studies that explicitly modeled drug wastage in the base-case analysis, with results presented descriptively. Where possible, we calculated the impact of wastage on incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and drug acquisition costs. Thirty-three publications were retrieved; five of these studies were excluded (3 were non-English language and 2 were review articles). Of the remaining 27 reports, 3 were publicly-funded health technology assessments (HTAs) to inform funding decisions by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the remainder (n=24) were peer-reviewed publications. Sixteen economic evaluations were of rituximab-based regimens and 6 were bortezomib-based. Drug wastage was considered in the primary or base-case analysis in one third of the publications (9 of 27; 33%); wastage was considered in 2 of the 3 HTAs (67%) and 7 of the 24 peer-reviewed reports (29%). Of the 9 models that considered wastage in the base-case analysis, 2 completed sensitivity analyses in which no drug wastage occurred (i.e. vial sharing between patients). In both studies, consideration of wastage changed the calculated ICER. In one study, the ICER increased by 32% when wastage was incorporated into drug acquisition costs. In the second study, azacitidine (AZA) was compared to decitabine (DEC) for myelodysplasia, with both drugs provided as single-use vials and subject to substantial wastage. When no drug wastage was modeled, AZA was associated with higher costs than DEC (+$2 655 USD) and yielded an ICER of $15 528/QALY. When wastage for both drugs was considered, AZA was associated with lower costs (-$15 890) and AZA dominated DEC. Of the 18 publications that did not model wastage in the primary analysis, no study went on to model wastage in sensitivity analyses. In 4 of these 18 studies, the potential effect of wastage on drug acquisition costs could be calculated from data provided in the publication. The calculated drug acquisition costs if wastage occurred would potentially be +5-16% higher (mean +9%) than the costs modeled in the base-case analyses of these 4 studies. The potential costs associated with drug wastage are considered in only one third of modern cost-effectiveness models. The impact of wastage on calculated ICERs and drug acquisition costs is potentially substantial. The modeling of wastage in base-case and sensitivity analyses is recommended for future economic evaluations of new intravenous therapies for hematologic malignancies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Al-Hamdani, Abdulhaq Mohammed Saleh, and Abdulmajeed Mansoor Mohammed. "Requirements Applying of Six Sigma Methodology to Reduce Productive Wastage at Yemeni Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies: A Field Study." Journal of Social Studies 30, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 30–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jss.v30i1.2337.
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The Study aimed to identify the impact of Requirements Applying of Six Sigma Methodology with its dimensions (Top Management commitment and support, Continuous Improvement, Human Resources, technology and information systems) on Reducing Productive Wastage, the level of Requirements applying it and the Reducing Productive Wastage at Yemeni Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical method was used and the study population consisted of the workers in Yemeni Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies with a total number of (476) employees. The study questionnaire was distributed on stratified random sample with a total number of (195) employees. By analyzing the data using descriptive analysis methods and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS program, the findings revealed positive impact of Requirements Applying of Six Sigma methodology on the reduction of productive waste in Yemeni Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies, and also that there is a positive impact of the three Applying of Six Sigma Methodology dimensions: Continuous Improvement, information and technology systems and Human Resources on Reducing Productive Wastage, while there was no impact of the top Management commitment and support on Reducing Productive Wastage in Yemeni Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies, due to the variation in the workers awareness level of Requirements Applying of Six Sigma Methodology. The findings also showed that the level of Requirements applying of the six-sigma methodology at Yemeni Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies was high, and the level of Reducing Productive Wastage was high as well in Yemeni Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies.
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Garbatov, Y., C. Guedes Soares, and G. Wang. "Nonlinear Time Dependent Corrosion Wastage of Deck Plates of Ballast and Cargo Tanks of Tankers." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 129, no. 1 (February 16, 2006): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2426987.
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The corrosion wastage of deck plates of ballast and cargo tanks is analyzed based on a nonlinear corrosion model. This model is able to describe an initial period without corrosion due to the presence of a corrosion protection system, a transition period with a nonlinear increase of wastage up to a steady state of long-term corrosion wastage. This model is applied to corrosion wastage data of deck plates collected by the American Bureau of Shipping. The objective of this work is to fit this corrosion wastage model to the service measured data, determining the values of the model parameters that represent the best fit to the data so as to describe how corrosion wastage varies in time as a result of generalized corrosion.
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Ahmad, Zaved. "প্রচলিত ও ইসলামি আইনের আলোকে অপচয়ের বিধান : পরিপ্রেক্ষিত বাংলাদেশ|The Provision of Wastage in the Light of Conventional and Islamic Law : Bangladesh Perspective." ইসলামী আইন ও বিচার | Islami Ain O Bichar 19, no. 73 (May 2, 2023): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.58666/iab.v19i73.229.
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Wealth is an essential element in human life. It is a natural human instinct to earn and spend wealth. But sometimes this expenditure turns into wastage. Wastage is not only confined to the life of the individual but also takes place in society, state and overall global economic life. As the level of wastage has increased in modern times more than any other period, so has the multifaceted field of wastage. This article has critically elucidated the harmful effects of wastage in the light of conventional and Islamic law. In accomplishing it’s purpose, the article has explored descriptive and comparative method of research. The article shows that by following the guidelines of Islamic law as well as respecting conventional law, it is possible to prevent wastage completely.
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Bernstad, Anna Karin, Alba Cánovas, and Rogerio Valle. "Consideration of food wastage along the supply chain in lifecycle assessments: A mini-review based on the case of tomatoes." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 1 (October 8, 2016): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16666945.
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In recent years, increased light has been shed on the large amounts of food wasted along the food supply chain (FSC). As lifecycle assessments (LCAs) are commonly used for estimations of environmental impacts from food production, it is relevant to investigate and discuss how such wastage is reflected in foodstuff LCAs. The objective of the present paper is to review a larger set of LCAs of foodstuff in order to (1) investigate if and how wastage along the FSC is addressed and (2) explore the importance of including wastage accumulated along the FSC in terms of environmental impacts. Twenty-eight LCA case studies and two review papers, focusing on tomatoes, were reviewed and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions chosen as indicator for the second objective. Only one third of the studies consider wastage at some part of the supply chain, in many cases in an inconsistent manner, and only in nine cases were GHG emissions from wastage included in overall systems GHG emissions. In these, wastage accounts for between 2 and 33% of total contribution to climate change. Omitting wastage when conducting LCA of foodstuff could result in underestimations of environmental impacts. Occurrence of wastage along all phases of the supply chain should be acknowledged in order to estimate environmental benefits from prevention and to identify areas where strategies with the aim of reducing wastage could be most efficient.
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SA, Mohammed. "Vaccine Wastage and its Contributing Factors in Public Health Facilities of Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia: Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method Design." Vaccines & Vaccination Open Access 7, no. 2 (October 19, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/vvoa-16000153.
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Background: Although the availability of vaccines is crucial to achieve comprehensive and equitable immunization coverage. This study assessed vaccine wastage and its contributing factors in public health facilities in Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based explanatory sequential mixed method was used. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design used to assess the vaccine wastage and vaccine cold chain management in all (27) health facilities offering consistence vaccination service and assessed the knowledge and attitude of 127 vaccinators and handlers. Finally, a phenomenological study design was employed among key informants and content analysis was performed using NVivo 11 plus. Results: The overall vaccine wastage rate was 22.9% while the wastage factor was 1.4. The vaccine wastage rate was found highest for Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (55.2%), 20 dose vials (55.2%), lyophilized (44.7%) and injectable vaccine (26.0%). Only 13 (48.1%) facilities were having satisfactory cold chain infrastructure while 17 (63%) had good cold chain practices.. Distance from Woreda health office (p=0.03) and Ethiopian pharmaceutical supply agency (p=0.02), work experience (p=0.04), level of education (p=<0.001), profession (p=0.001), and attitude (p=0.04) of vaccinators and vaccine handlers were determinants of vaccine wastage. Key informants stated that factors related to logistics, immunization practices, health professional and vaccines were contributing to wastage. Conclusion: Vaccine wastage in health care facilities was above the standard. Large dose vials and opened vial policy were resulted higher wastage and hence, recommended to reduce vial size. Improving the availability of cold chain logistics, supportive supervisions and training were recommended to reduce wastage.
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Srivastava, Medha, and Saurabh Kumar Srivastava. "Examining the relevance of emotions for regulation of food wastage behaviour: A research agenda." Social Business 10, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/204440820x15813359568327.
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Purpose<br/> Research has pointed towards the emotional component of decisions contributing to the wastage of food at the end of the supply chain. The present study reviews food wastage literature to reveal the role of emotions with respect to regulation, reduction and prevention of food wastage among consumers.<br/> Research methodology<br/> The study is literature-driven and seeks to uncover latent emotional motives underlying the actions leading to the wastage of food. It utilises previous studies in the fields of consumption emotions, food wastage, pro-environmental behaviour and sustainability to offer unconventional research propositions that underline the interplay of these variables.<br/> Findings<br/> Based upon the literature, the paradoxical nature of anticipated emotions' influence was considered and confirmed. The findings suggest that the anticipation of experiencing positive emotions due to desires of being recognised as a good provider or expressing one's affection may lead to actions that contribute to increased wastage, while anticipating that a negative affect experience may create a positive outcome with regard to food wastage.<br/> Limitations<br/> The majority of prior research, related to the relevance of emotions for food wastage behaviour, has focused on negative emotions, leaving a perceptible dearth of insights about the role of positive emotions.<br/> Contributions<br/> The study builds a novel narrative of how emotions channelise behaviour concerning food wastage, and proffers an argument for a more rigorous examination of emotions, both positive and negative, anticipated in a situation leading to food wastage at the stage of consumption. It also identifies potential avenues for research into emotions related to food wastage.
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Oo, Aung Naing, Pruthu Thekkur, Aye Mya Cha Thar, Kyaw Ko Ko Htet, and Htar Htar Lin. "Small Session Size and Big Vial Size: Operational Research Assessing Open Vial Vaccine Wastage at the Service Delivery Points in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar During 2018." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5020060.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends immunization programmes to monitor vaccine wastage at storage and service delivery points. As there were no vaccine wastage assessments in Myanmar, we aimed to assess the vaccine wastage rates in the Mandalay region. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study with the inclusion of all immunization sessions conducted through the twenty randomly selected subcentres in the year 2018. The wastage rates were calculated by aggregating vaccine utilization data from selected subcentres. The vaccine wastage rates for Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) (54.9%), inactivated polio vaccine (28.3%), and measles-rubella (27.4%) were higher than the WHO indicative rates. The high vaccine wastage rates were seen in lyophilized vaccines (36.9%), vaccines requiring only a single dose per child for complete immunization (39.1%), and those with a large vial size of 20 doses (38.8%). The median session size for BCG (6), measles-rubella (4) and inactivated polio vaccine (2) were lower than their vaccine vial size of 20, 10, and 5 doses, respectively. The wastage was high due to smaller session size and larger vial size, necessitating the disposal of unused doses. Better micro-planning to increase the session size and procuring vaccines with smaller vial sizes needs to be tested as a strategy to reduce vaccine wastage.
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Chong, Debbra, Joyce Ching Mei Lam, Xun Yi Jasmine Feng, Mui Ling Heng, Yee Hui Mok, Li-Wei Chiang, Kee Chong Ng, and Yong-Kwang Gene Ong. "Blood Lost: A Retrospective Review of Blood Wastage from a Massive Transfusion Protocol in a Tertiary Paediatric Hospital." Children 9, no. 12 (November 23, 2022): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121799.
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Background: The paediatric massive transfusion protocol (MTP) is activated in the paediatric population for both trauma and non-trauma related indications. While it helps to improve the efficiency and efficacy of the delivery of blood products, it can also result in increased wastage. We aimed to evaluate the wastage rates from our paediatric MTP activations from 2013 to 2018. Method: As part of an audit, we retrospectively reviewed the records of the paediatric patients who had MTP activations. We collected the following data: reason for MTP activation, weight of patient, number of cycles of MTP required, blood products used, blood products wasted, deviation from our institution’s recommended MTP blood product ratio, and reason for wastage. Result: We had 26 paediatric MTP activations within the audit period. There was an overall wastage rate of 1.5%, with wastage occurring in 3 out of 26 patients. The reason for all wastage was demise of the patient. Most patients’ transfusion ratios deviated from our institution’s MTP protocol. Conclusion: Our wastage rates are low likely because of clear MTP activation guidelines and a flexible MTP workflow.