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1
Arnott, Elizabeth. "Wastage in Livestock Herding Dogs." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18095.
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Working dogs contribute to many human endeavours. However, minimal research exists into Australia’s largest group of working dogs – the livestock herding dog. This knowledge gap exposes the sector to the risks of sub-optimal efficiency, compromised productivity and unacceptable animal welfare outcomes. This thesis aims to address this void by characterising the problem of livestock herding dog wastage and contributing to the incremental process of improving management, selection and breeding practices. Data from a questionnaire completed by 812 livestock herding dog owners on 4,027 dogs revealed that livestock working dogs typically provide a lifelong working contribution valued at approximately A$40,000, representing a 5.2-fold return on investment. At least 20% of livestock herding dogs are culled prematurely from work. Behavioural causes were cited for 89% of these failures. Management and owner characteristics associated with failure rates included; acquisition practices, housing methods, training approach, exercise frequency and owner personality and attitude to investment in their dog. To identify traits important to success, a selective sweep analysis comparing the genomic haplotype architecture of working and show Kelpies was undertaken. In the working Kelpie, a selective sweep spanning three megabases on chromosome 3 was identified in the region of genes related to fear-memory formation and pain perception. The Herding Dog Assessment Form - Personality (HDAF-P) was devised to collect behavioural data on herding dogs. Application of the HDAF-P to 261 working Kelpies provided a database of behavioural scores for 17 traits salient to working ability with those correlated most strongly to the owner’s assessment of overall ability being revealed as; initiative (T = 0.42, p < 0.001), intelligence (T = 0.38, p < 0.001), persistence (T = 0.38, p < 0.001), confidence (T=0.37, p < 0.001) and calmness (T=0.32, p < 0.001).
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Nix, Erin Elizabeth. "Effect of swath grazing on forage intake and wastage by ewes." Thesis, Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/nix/NixE0512.pdf.
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Sixty non-pregnant and non-lactating mature white faced ewes (Targhee 65.4 ± 5.84 kg BW in 2010 and Rambouillet 61.9 ± 6.28 kg BW in 2011) were used in a 2-yr study to evaluate intake, forage wastage, and nutrient composition of a pea/barley forage fed either as baled hay in confinement (CONFINEMENT) or swathed and left to graze (GRAZE). Forage DMI was estimated using IVDMD and chromic oxide as an external marker for estimating fecal output. Forage wastage was estimated by sampling and weighing the initial swath, standing, and baled forage, and weighing the forage again after a 7-d collection period, and subtracting the estimated forage DMI. Samples of baled, swathed, and any standing forage were collected in August and October and analyzed for DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and in situ dry matter digestibility (ISDMD). There was no treatment by year interaction (P = 0.56) for BW change and no difference (P = 0.33) between treatments. There was a treatment by year interaction (P = 0.04) for DMI. In 2010, DMI was greater (P = 0.06) by CONFINEMENT ewes compared to GRAZE ewes (2.4 vs 1.7 kg x ewe -¹ x d -¹); however, in 2011, DMI did not differ (P = 0.25) between treatments. There was no treatment by year interaction (P > 0.22) for forage wastage either as a percent of beginning available forage or as kilograms of wastage. Although percentage wastage did not differ between treatments (P = 0.23), kilograms of wastage was greater (P = 0.03) for GRAZE than CONFINEMENT. For both years in the swathed forage, ISDMD and OM decreased while NDF and ADF increased. In 2010 CP increased, but in 2011 it remained the same. For both years in the baled forage, CP decreased while ISDMD and NDF increased. In 2010, ADF decreased and OM increased, but in 2011 ADF increased and OM decreased. Although nutrient content was lower in the swath, wastage and animal performance did not differ between the treatments. This research provides a sound biological basis for an economic assessment of using swath grazing in commercial sheep operations.
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West, Lorna Marie. "A mixed methods investigation into aspects of medication wastage in Malta." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1242.
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Reducing medication wastage is a paramount objective in promoting appropriate utilisation of finite resources and preventing negative consequences. The aim of this research was to investigate aspects of medication wastage in Malta by applying mixed methods research and, by doing so, contribute original knowledge to this area. A systematic review was conducted to appraise critically, synthesize and present the available evidence on the possible causative factors associated with medication wastage and the effectiveness of any interventions focusing on wastage reduction as an outcome measure. Findings indicated that only one published paper reported a definition of medication wastage. The main factors contributing to wastage were ‘change in medication’, ‘patient's death’, ‘resolution of patient's condition’ and ‘passed expiry date’. Very few studies reported medication wastage as an outcome measure. The Delphi technique was applied to define ‘medication wastage’ and its contributory factors in the context of the Maltese population. A definition for medication wastage was generated with 86% of panellists agreeing/totally agreeing and sixty-one possible factors leading to wastage were identified by the panellists. The perspectives of the Maltese population, healthcare professionals and students on medication wastage were investigated through cross-sectional surveys. Results of questionnaires indicate lack of patient education and knowledge with the free healthcare system and the overstocking of medication by patients due to previous or potential out of stock situations as contributors to medication wastage. The beliefs and behaviours regarding medication wastage of the Maltese public and healthcare professionals were explored during focus groups. The theoretical domains framework was adopted to design the focus group guide and to interpret systematically the findings. Five key themes emerged which were proposed as solutions to minimise medication wastage: system effects, practitioner effects, patients effects, political effects and awareness and educational effects Research results and findings from all four phases will facilitate the systematic development of strategies and policies, with emphasis on prioritisation, with the aim of minimising medication wastage at all levels.
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Adinda, Akram, August Edström, Johan Isaksson, and Tyson McLeod. "An online marketplace to help reduce the wastage of Swedish wool." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353061.
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Over 1800 metric tons of wool is produced in Sweden on a yearly basis, only 300 is used. This project involved creating an online marketplace where wool producers and the general public alike could turn to regarding the purchasing and selling of Swedish wool, as well as general information regarding wool. The goal of this project was to reduce the wastage along with the negative effects it has on the environment, partially by making it easier to buy and sell wool, but also by tackling surrounding problems such as localization and subjectivity when selling. To further understand the wastage, but also wool and its properties, multiple contextual inquiries were conducted alongside a survey. The result is a marketplace, more specifically, a web application, which consists of a section to buy wool and a section to sell wool. Furthermore, the web application also consists of a section with general information regarding Swedish wool and a map showing wool nearby.Det produceras över 1800 ton ull i Sverige varje år, endast 300 används. Detta projektarbete bestod av att skapa en webbtjänst i form av en köp- och säljmarknad som underlättar den svenska ullhandeln, samt sprider information angående svinnet. Själva köp- och säljmarknaden består av ett flertal sektioner. Tjänsten är utformad utifrån resultat av kontextuella undersökningar samt enkäter som bidrar till en mer användarvänlig upplevelse. På marknadsplatsen finner man bland annat en karta som illusterar för användaren var ull finns tillgängligt. Det övergripande målet med projektarbetet var att minska svinnet av svensk ull samt dess negativa effekter på miljön. Detta genom att underlätta handeln av lokalproducerad ull samt förebygga problem som den subjektivitet som kan uppstå vid försäljning, vilket i sig kan ses som en följd av avsaknaden av ett klassificeringssystem. Projektet resulterade i en väl fungerande webbtjänst med stöd för handel av ull.
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Johnes, J. "University performance indicators." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233998.
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Harissis, K. "Staff turnover and wastage in the personal social services : A statistical approach." Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372767.
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Leek, Viktor. "Reduction of wastage costs for products with short shelf life : A case study on the Swedish division of the global dairy company Arla Foods." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98554.
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Background – inventory management theory has in the past been focused on traditional engineering industries. These theories are not completely applicable on industries such as FMCG where the main objective is to avoid obsolescence and not tied-up capital. A part of the FMCG industry that is especially pressured by short shelf lives is the food industry. The food industry has also the disadvantage that the customers demand instant deliveries, which makes production to order impossible. Arla Foods is a dairy company that is struggling with high and increasing wastage costs. The wastage cost is generated from products where last sales date is exceeded and Arla Foods CSE therefore has to trash the products even if the best-before date is still valid. These costs need to be reduced on both short and long term. Hence Arla Foods is perfect as a case company for this study. Purpose – the ulterior purpose of this study is to seek if the current theory is applicable on the food industry. This is investigated through a case study at Arla Foods with the following questions asked: Which factors drives wastage costs at a global dairy company such as Arla Foods? How do the factors relate to each other? Which actions could be taken to reduce the wastage costs at a global dairy company such as Arla Foods? To what extent could these findings be generalizable? Method – a thorough literature study is conducted to create an understanding of the existing theories. The case study is mainly based on interviews and observations with employees at Arla Foods. Data has been extracted from internal data bases and processed to complement the interviews and observations. Conclusion – the case company showed that the most significant wastage drivers on an article level were forecast deviations and batch size/delivery frequency. However, the main wastage drivers at Arla Foods were nothing that could be found in neither supply chain management nor inventory management theory – this was instead problems related to work process, organization, communication and strategy. Suggested solutions to these problems are among others: Going through the worst performing articles’ set-up in a structured way. Making sure that there exists a clear process and that all employees are educated in it. Having a back-up plan on what to do with excessive inventory. Using follow-up reports as tools to take action from. When these problems have been solved, Arla Foods can instead focus on planning principles such as taking steps towards a more integrated collaboration with their customers via Efficient Consumer Response. The findings are not proved to be general in any way, but the conclusion of the report still states that there is a high probability that these findings could be applied on other companies within the food industry in general and within the dairy industry in specific. If this is the case, then it is shown that the current theory lacks several aspects when it comes to food industry – aspects that maybe do not have the same importance within most of the traditional engineering industries. Originality – the literature review conducted before the case study did not show any other case study or research that has made an equally broad overview. Earlier studies have mainly been focused on that the food industry is in need of customized planning principles and systems. That research has in the end advocated implementation of Efficient Consumer Response or similar.
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Grover, I. "Universal Primary Education as innovation : a study of wastage in an Indian village." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019586/.
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Zhao, Chenxu. "Exploring kitchen preparation food wastage in Chinese hotels using the Theory of Planned Behaviour." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2233.
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As effect on the environment, society and economy have been recognised throughout past decades, the damage associated with food waste and loss behaviour is becoming more prevalent globally. How and the extent to which food supply chain sectors (i.e. those sectors more likely to generate food waste) voluntarily generate food waste comprise an area of concern among the public and scholars. In China, major problems around food waste have arisen due to third industry growth. Environmental sustainability and social responsibility are no longer international obligations, but instead a domestic demand for China. This study will enhance understanding of a significant food waste issue in arguably the world’s most vibrant hospitality industry.
This thesis contributes to the literature in several ways. First, this research was undertaken to uncover the types and extent of food waste across the food supply chain, namely agriculture, postharvest, processing, distribution, and consumption. This study focuses primarily on food wastage associated with food consumption in the hospitality industry. In previous studies, food wastage behaviour and prevention household food waste, were examined using the theory of planned behaviour; therefore, this theory was applied in the present study to examine customers’ behaviour towards food waste. This study identified four predictor variables based on the theory of planned behaviour derived from - respondent interviews: attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control (PBC), and past behaviour.
This study aimed to explore the reasons behind the generation of hospitality food waste during food preparation in China’s hotel restaurants industry. In addition, characteristics of individuals who voluntarily generated food waste in households and the hospitality industry were examined as revealed in prior studies. Thirty interviews were conducted to understand hotel employees’ behavioural beliefs (attitudes), normative beliefs (subjective norms), control beliefs (PBC), and past behaviour towards food waste.
Thirty respondents were selected from different tiers of hotel restaurants, and content-based interviews were conducted in 2018. The theory of planned behaviour was applied as a framework to reveal individuals’ rationale behind food wastage. To accomplish the aim of this study, descriptive statistics were used to determine the types, extent, and reasons behind food preparation waste.
Findings related to food wastage indicated that although kitchen employees occasionally generated unavoidable food preparation wastage due to kitchen standards and managers’ orders, food waste was also generated relatively easily for other reasons. Chinese hospitality restaurants were found to be more likely to overlook environmental sustainability. An analysis of food preparation wastage revealed that most predictor variables from the theory of planned behaviour could explain why food waste is generated in the hospitality industry. Findings suggested that employees’ rational attitudes, the moral perspective, and reuse and recycling applications were major reasons behind food wastage generated in the kitchen preparation stage. Furthermore, managers were found to be significant factors, whereas guests were potentially significant.
Results from interview analysis indicated that individual factors in food waste generation were slightly more significant than kitchen processing standards defined by kitchen managers. Interestingly, all respondents, especially older employees, indicated that emotion was a direct element of food wastage during kitchen preparation processing. If an employee could not control his or her negative emotions, then the amount of food waste generated increased. In addition, less professionalism, lack of daily purchase plan, heavy workload, poor ingredient quality, individuals’ ethical standards and incorrect processing methods were identifies as the most significant predictors of employees’ behaviour.
On the basis of the theory of planned behaviour, several individual factors that caused food waste in Chinese hospitality restaurant industry were analyzed. Predictor variables appeared to exert similar environmental and social influences across industries.
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Kotecha, Mehul. "Of precipices and tightropes : the interaction between nurse learner wastage/persistence, institutional integration and identity." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312606.
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Since the 1980s, pre-registration nurse education has undergone dramatic changes that have led to the creation of a new course - Project 2000 - and its delivery within the Higher Education sector. Very little written during this period has addressed the issue of nurse learner wastage/persistence. The literature on nurse learner wastage/persistence prior to this period has tended to be largely atheoretical in nature. One of the chief objectives of this study was to produce a much more complex picture of wastage/persistence. This involved the building of a theoretical framework designed to explore one aspect of voluntary wastage - the interaction between integration and wastage/persistence, and which could capture the complexity of the phenomenon by taking into account the interaction between the individual and the institution within the process of wastage/persistence. This study draws on Tinto's (1975) Student Integration Model, which identified the learners' integration into an institution to be one of the critical factors in understanding the wastage/persistence of learners, as well as on some of the studies within the area of nurse learner wastage/persistence which have examined the role of a learner's identity in the wastage/persistence process. Accordingly, this study defined integration in terms of how well a learner has adopted the identity/ies afforded to them by the institution. Finally, drawing inspiration from Foucault (1988, 1990,1991), this study re-conceptualised identity in terms of the concept of subjectivity and defined integration in terms of how well the learner was able to subscribe to the discourses (and the subject positions that these made available) that constituted the given institution. A multiple case study was carried out that focused on leavers and stayers in the first year of a Project 2000 course in three particular cohorts within a particular institution. A modified version of discourse analysis, referred to as MODA (Meaning Orientated Discourse Analysis), was used. Two major discourses were identified which offered the learner a number of contradictory subject positions regarding what it means to be a learner and a nurse - the 'autonomous' and the 'apprentice' discourse. It was found that stayers were those most able to manage these contradictory subject positions offered by these discourses. This meant that they were more playful in their discursive reading patterns than leavers. This playfulness implied they were not only doing a lot more with these discourses, but that that the nature of what they were doing enabled them to accept and embrace the contradictory notions of what it means to be a learner and a nurse existing in the institution. The stayers' management of discourses was a reflection of the high level of integration that they had achieved within a institution that is riddled with two incommensurable discourses which offer competing definitions of what it means to be a nurse and a learner.
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Zhu, Junhong. "Towards an understanding of nurses leaving nursing practice in China : a qualitative exploration of nurses leaving nursing practice from recruitment to final exit." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7800.
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The nursing shortage in China is more serious than in most developed countries, but the loss of nurses through their voluntarily leaving nursing practice has not attracted much attention in Chinese society. The aim of this study is to add to the understanding of nurses leaving nursing practice in China by exploring the process from recruitment to final exit. The qualitative research method draws on a grounded theory approach, especially the constant comparative method of analysis. The indepth interviews were conducted with 19 nurses who have left clinical care. The selection of the study participants was guided by the principle of theoretical sampling. Two core conceptual categories emerged from leavers’ account of their leaving: “Mismatching Expectations: Individual vs. Organizational” and “Individual Perception of Power”. By illuminating the interrelationship between these two core categories, four nursing behaviour patterns are identified: (1) Voluntary leaving (2) Active staying (3) Adaptive staying (4) Passive staying. These behaviour patterns provide an explanation about why and how nursing wastage occurs. The analysis suggests: (1) the higher the degree of mismatch that the nurses recognised between individual and organizational expectations of nursing and the greater the extent of imbalance of power the individual nurses perceived, the more likely it is that the nurses intend to leave the powerless status of being a clinical nurse within the organization; (2) the more difficult it becomes for the nurses to achieve their individual expectations by exercising nursing autonomy in their nursing career, the more likely it is that they actually empower themselves to leave nursing practice. The study suggests that nursing wastage could be avoided if the individual and organizational expectations of nursing were more aligned, and the individual nurses were able to exercise nursing autonomy in their professional practice and career. Although the findings are limited in studying the current nursing workforce situation in China, the theoretical perspective may contribute to the international debate on nursing employment towards effective nursing workforce management and retention strategies.
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Isaacs, Mogamat Zane. "Exploring government immovable asset management with reference to four selected case studies of closed down schools on the Cape Flats – post 1994 democracy." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4202.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPAGovernment’s immovable assets are fundamental in achieving its service delivery objectives. If not put to productive uses the welfare of a country, or even its national income, could be reduced significantly. The value for money principle should resonate through effective asset management. “Poor management” of closed school buildings worth millions may be regarded as “financial wastage”. Four case studies reflecting various outcomes of re-use, abandonment and demolition will be reviewed. The application of legislation and policy on government immovable asset management are problematic when schools are closed down. The study focus will be on government immovable asset management and not the reasons for school closures. Literature in this field is very limited. The research findings could add value to the subject field by minimising the chances of a possible repetition of “bad management” of closed schools. Currently in public discourse is the possible closure of 26 schools in the Western Cape. The research could be used as a guiding document for stakeholders, administrators and other research scholars. The research objectives are to formulate a clear understanding on: The Governance of immovable asset management in government; The Responsibility of the different state stakeholders and their interaction on immovable asset management; and The participation of non-state stakeholders. A Qualitative research design is followed. Tools consist of four case studies, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. A literature review and study of applicable legislative and policy documents was done and empirical data analysed. An international best practice model is also discussed. This study has revealed various research findings through the primary and secondary sources collected. Based on these findings specific recommendations are made to the various stakeholders. The wellbeing of all stakeholders and respondents were set above outcomes and objectives that the research could generate.
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Wong, Man-yee, and 黃敏儀. "Transforming rubbish into nourishment in a no man's land: food wastage and recycling in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972603.
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Wong, Man-yee. "Transforming rubbish into nourishment in a no man's land : food wastage and recycling in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24534389.
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Miles, Linda. "VARIABLES THAT PREDICT SUCCESS WITH ASSOCIATE DEGREE NURSING STUDENTS AT A COMMUNITY COLLEGE IN FLORIDA." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3994.
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The purpose of this exploratory, retrospective study was to determine if student demographics and academic variables predicted student persistence and success in an associate degree nursing program in Florida and to investigate the variables in Tinto's Longitudinal Model of Dropout (1975).The sample population (N=304) for this study was students enrolled in one of the initial courses of the associate degree nursing program at Daytona Beach Community College (DBCC) in Daytona Beach, FL from August 2002 through August 2003. Students were assigned to one of three groups (a) passing group, (b) failing group, or (c) withdrawing group. The convenience sample of (N=304) included: 242 students who successfully completed the nursing program, 32 students who failed a nursing course, and 38 students who withdrew from a course prior to successful completion. Demographic variables, admission and college science course grade point averages, and Nurse Entrance Test (NET) scores were collected on the sample population. Descriptive statistics were used to identify any unique differences that may have existed between the three groups, and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the variables that best predicted success in the associate degree nursing program. Students in the passing group were found to be slightly older than students in the failing and withdrawing groups. The passing group had a higher percentage of females; the failing and withdrawing groups had higher percentages of males. The failing and withdrawing groups also contained higher percentages of minority students and students with English as a second language. Ethnicity was considered a significant predictor for student success in this study. Grade point average (GPA) score at the time of admission to the nursing program and college mean science course GPA scores were significant predictors. Students in the passing group had higher mean admission grade point averages than the failing and withdrawing groups. Students in the passing group also had noticeably higher mean grade point averages in all college science courses. NET scores were not considered significant predictors, at least for students who met the requirements for admission, and minimal differences were noted between the three groups in the study. The results of the study supported the use of variables identified in Tinto's Longitudinal Model of Dropout (1975) for predicting program success with nursing students. Individual attributes and pre-college experiences were predictors of student success for this sample, and demographic differences were identified between successful and unsuccessful students. Based on the results, the nursing department should consider placing more emphasis on admission and college science course grade point averages during the application process. A future conceptual model should include college science course GPAs, specifically anatomy and physiology and microbiology, and admission grade point average. Remedial or support services should be emphasized for minority students and students with English as a second language. Strategies should be implemented to retain men in the nursing program.Ed.D.
Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership
Education
Educational Leadership
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Martin, Jeffrey Gustav. "Synergising the balanced scorecard and the value chain to reduce wastage within the Western Cape education department." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1761.
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Thesis (Doctoral (Human Resource Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005The image of the Western Cape Education Department (WCED) is influenced by its ability to handle and to develop a system whereby not only will the perceived gap between the expectation and satisfaction of the customers be closed, but the customer will also be able to derive value from the services rendered. In order for this to come to fruition, as well as the fact that the employees know the true picture of the flow of work within the WCED, it is crucial that the employees be involved in the mapping of the strategy, which in turn would be utilised to attain the vision. A key challenge is getting all the parts of the WCED in line with its strategies, which in turn impacts on the mission and vision. Maximum value requires an understanding of its creation and a proactive approach. These are not easily accomplished. Not only is the "education industry" presently confronted with many changes, its stakeholders and customers are making greater demands. As a result of this. the WCED needs to be more efficient, but importantly also to be aware of the "efficiency trap". A decrease in the net operating result of the WCED would result in dissatisfied customers. In order for this not to be an option. the synergy of the balanced scorecard and the whole value chain within a lean environment should be considered as the reduction of occupational crime i.e. human activity absorbing resources, but not creating value or nonvalue creating / adding activities or muda has become a priority. Also by focussing on an occupational crime reduction flow of work, the WCED will be seen as a system of processes and not as a system of separate functions.
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Pigott, Anthony Eric. "Annual and longitudinal surveys of British chiropody graduates 1985 to 1989 : factors relating to career progress and wastage." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385460.
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Gardner, Murray Newell. "A study of chemolithoautotrophic bacterial rhodanese, and its potential contribution to cyanide wastage during cyanidation of biooxidized concentrates." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9686.
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Bibliography: leaves 119-129.Refractory gold-bearing metal-sulfide ores and concentrates can be successfully and economically treated by biooxidation prior to cyanidation. However, one of the major drawbacks of the biooxidation process is the excessive consumption of cyanide during the gold dissolution process. The largest proportion of cyanide wastage is attributed to thiocyanate formation. Thiocyanate can be formed by spontaneous chemical reactions between reactive sulfur species and cyanide. The enzyme rhodanese (thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferase EC 2.8.1.1) is also able to catalyze the formation of thiocyanate using thiosulfate and cyanide as substrates. Therefore, the most relevant members of the microbial consortium responsible for biooxidation of gold-bearing ores or concentrates were investigated to determine whether they were able to contribute to thiocyanate formation by means of a enzyme reaction mechanism indicative of rhodanese. Together with a Thiobacillus caldus strain (T. caldus MNG), isolated from a biooxidation pilot plant, the sulfur-oxidizers Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 33020 (also able to oxidize iron) and Thiobacillus thiooxidans ATCC 19377 demonstrated rhodanese activity. However, the obligate iron-oxidizer Leptospirillum ferrooxidans DSM 2705 had no detectable rhodanese activity. High levels of rhodanese activity were detected from the mixed microbial population of a biooxidation pilot plant, which appeared to be dominated by T. caldus MNG. This T. caldus strain was initially identified in the biooxidation pilot plant using the PCR based 16S rDNA profiling technique of Rawlings (1995), and the identification confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Therefore, T. caldus MNG is considered the major contributor to the rhodanese activity of the biooxidation pilot plant mixed culture. Within the range of sulfur substrates tested, the rhodanese enzyme of T. caldus MNG behaved exclusively as a thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferase, and the rhodanese activity of T. caldus MNG appeared to be dependent on the physiological state of the cell during batch growth. An attempt to isolate a rhodanese gene from T. caldus MNG by Southern hybridization, using the Azotobacter vinelandii rhdA gene as a probe, was unsuccessful. On balance of the information available from this study, and reported elsewhere, rhodanese activity probably does not contribute as much to thiocyanate formation in the cyanidation plant as does the spontaneous chemical formation of thiocyanate.
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Jones, Spencer Q. "The effect of alfalfa and cornstalk round bale processing type on animal performance, wastage, preference, and mixing characteristics." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1418.
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Fox, Stephanie, and n/a. "Learning and leaving : a study of the interrelationships among innovation in nursing education, professional attitudes and wastage from nursing." University of Canberra. Education, 1987. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060710.132455.
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The purpose of this study was to examine some of the
interrelationships between innovation in nursing education,
professional attitudes and wastage from nursing. Five groups of
students who participated in innovative nurse education courses in
A.C.T. hospitals in the 1970's were surveyed by a self
administered questionnaire which gathered biographical data as
well as attitudinal information. Their responses were compared
with those of students who had undertaken a traditional nursing
course at an A.C.T. hospital in the same period.
The findings of this study suggested that the instrument used may
provide a better measure of satisfaction with nursing than of
professional attitudes. One of the unexpected findings from the
survey which suggested the need for further study was that many of
those who had undertaken further nursing study indicating apparent
commitment to continuing education in a chosen career would not
encourage others to enter nursing. Another was that those who
indicated greater career choice commitment may in fact be those
who felt unable to obtain alternative employment.
It was found that innovation in hospital based nurse education
courses attracted different people and produced graduates with
different attitudes to professional issues,who followed
different career pathways compared to graduates of traditional
nurse education courses. Innovative courses appear to have
attracted older and better qualified entrants and to have
increased the likelihood of graduates being promoted. Respondents
from the innovative courses showed increased interest in
continuing education and Professional Association activity than
their control group colleagues. They were more frustated with the
traditional role of the nurse as the selfless, dedicated worker
and were less commited to their career choice, overall these
findings perhaps indicated a level of dissatisfaction with nursing
higher in the innovative course graduates than in the control
group. These findings may support Brief's contention (1976) that
expectations raised during the educational process, if not
fulfilled, will lead to wastage.
wastage from nursing was intimately linked with dissatisfaction
with work conditions in nursing. Those who had permanently left
nursing had more frequently left for work related reasons and
undertaken non-nursing study than those who had left and returned
or who had never left. Those who left for work related reasons
were less likley to return and less likely to choose nursing again
if given the chance than those who left for other reasons.
Findings about the institutionalisation of innovation in nursing
education were difficult to identify with certainty, since time
lapse alone could explain many of the findings. Attitudes to the
Professional Association were more favourabe in respondents from
the later intakes into the innovative courses than from the
earlier. Given the recent increases in industrial activity in
nursing, this finding is consistent with time lapse. Later intakes
also demonstrated greater commitment to continuing education than
earlier. This too can probably be explained by the greater
availability of such facilities in more recent times.
In a period of shortages of nurses prepared to work in the health
care facilities of Australia, and of changes in the educational
preparation of nurses, the findings of this study relating to
attitudes and wastage should be used as the basis for future
workforce planning.
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Nilsson, Herman. "Integrating Sustainability in the Food Supply Chain : Two Measures to Reduce the Food Wastage in a Swedish Retail Store." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194122.
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Due to the growing world population, the environmental impact from the food supply chain is currently increasing in a global perspective, essentially because the global food consumption is increasing in general. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that about one third of the edible portions of the food produced globally is lost or wasted along the way from raw materials to the dinner plate. When food is produced, transported, stored, treated and processed in different ways it consumes a lot of resources and energy and causes large negative impact on the environment due to emissions of pollutants affecting waters, soil and air. When food is wasted somewhere in the food supply chain, it implies unnecessary emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants and also entails a pointless extraction and use of natural resources: each since the production is made in vain. Sustainable development has been generally accepted as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Quite simple, this means that humanity of today needs to conserve the remaining resources on Earth and sharply reduce the anthropogenic environmental impact. In order to attain a state where man can live in equilibrium with the natural world,humanity must pursue sustainability in every activity and every movement. According to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) a reduction of food loss within the food supply chain could facilitate society’s quest to develop in a sustainable manner. The retail store is one place where large numbers of food items are gathered at the same location and where a lot of food is discarded, many times completely in vain. It is thus a suitable place to take actions to reduce the foodloss in a quite effective way. In a Swedish retail store located in Uppsala, two product specific measures have been introduced; a new display table intended to reduce the loss bananas and a new price reduction routine intended to reduce the loss of grilled chicken. This thesis aims to investigate whether the measures put in place actually have resulted in reduced losses or not. The goal of the study was to examine how much unnecessary environmental impact (in terms of contribution to global warming) that hence has been avoided. The research questions are studied through a combination of data analyses, interviews and life-cycle assessments. SWOT analyses have also been conducted in order to evaluate the introduced measures in terms of contribution to sustainable development within the food sector. The results of the study concluded that the measure based on price reduction has reduced the losses of grilled chicken with approximately 200 kg per annum. This implies that an annual climate impact of around 430 kgCO2-equivalents has not been caused in vain, which should be the case if the 200 kg of chickens had instead been discarded. The study however shows that the measure is not particularly effective and could be improved in order to further reduce the daily losses. The data analysis show that the banana waste that arises during the exposure in the store has decreased with 1 200 kg per year, implying that around 1 400 CO2-equivalents has not been caused in vain. However, the study also shows that a rather complex system containing economic routines for handling food waste, most likely is wrongly used. Unfortunately, the routines may affect the registered waste outcome from the new display table due to a relocation of the waste from one waste category to another. The new display table’s effect on the total waste quantity is therefore difficult to evaluate. The conducted SWOT-analyses finally concluded that both introduced measures had strong environmental and economic benefits (and also favorable social benefits in the case of the display table), making them good and useful interdisciplinary solutions in terms of sustainability: thus contributing to a sustainable development within the food sector.
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Badri, Ayoub Abdulla M. A. "The internal efficiency of the educational system in the United Arab Emirates : (a study of the phenomenon of educational wastage)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388602.
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Al-Ansari, Eiman Ali. "An investigation into the causes of wastage at the University of Qatar and the implications for university and labour market policy." Thesis, University of Bath, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392207.
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Custódio, Miguel Pedro de Oliveira. "Aplicação de metodologias Lean para a melhoria continua das operações e movimentação de materiais numa empresa transformadora." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11421.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialO objectivo principal deste trabalho prende-se com a avaliação do Sistema de Segurança Alimentar implementado na Empresa ABC, com o intuito de verificar a sua aptidão para o cumprimento dos requisitos da Norma NP EN ISO 22000:2005 - Sistemas de gestão da segurança alimentar - Requisitos para qualquer organização que opere na cadeia alimentar. No sentido de desenvolver e enquadrar este tema, abordaram-se aspectos relacionados com a qualidade, a segurança alimentar, o actual sistema implementado pela empresa - HACCP -, a contextualização da certificação e a ISO 22000:2005. Assim, dadas as perspectivas futuras da empresa em implementar um SGSA com base neste referencial, procedeu-se à realização de um estudo diagnóstico e de uma tabela comparativa para uma análise inicial dos procedimentos a realizar pela empresa. Apesar de não terem sido testados na prática os procedimentos necessários à implementação desta norma, este trabalho constituiu uma importante referência para todos os colaboradores da empresa. Permitiu uma real percepção do SSA implementado e forneceu linhas orientadoras das primeiras acções de melhoria a realizar para a efectiva implementação deste referencial.
The current work aimed to evaluate an existing implemented Food Safety System in the ABC Enterprise, intending to verify its suitability in relation to the achivement of requirements defined by NP EN ISO 22000:2005 - Food safety management systems - requirements for any organization in food chain. To develop this issue, we discussed aspects related to quality, food safety, the current system implemented by the company - HACCP -, the context of certification and ISO 22000:2005. Therefore given the future prospects of the company to implement a Food Safety and Quality Management System based on this standard, we conducted a diagnostic study and a checklist for an initial review of the procedures to be carried out by the company. Although the necessary procedures for implementation of this standard haven't been tested in practice, this work was an important reference for all organization, enabled a real perception of the current Safety Food System and provided guidelines necessary to implement the processes and procedures requested by this standard.
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Kováč, Matej. "Studie průběhu zakázky ve výrobním podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241512.
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The thesis deals with the flow of the engagement through the company DIEFFENBACHER - CZ, hydraulické lisy, s. r. o., which produces machines and machine components for woodprocessing industry and hydraulic presses. Flow of a specific engagement is analyzed and deficencies are identified with the use of theoretical background. Subsequently, proposals of elimination of these deficiencies while rendering the whole process more effective are stated.
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Razmgah, Mohammad Ali DANI, and Jenny Kristina MARIE Strömberg. "Resefria möten : Ett projekt för att minska slöserier på arbetsplatsen." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-12423.
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Abstract This degree project is about having meetings in The Swedish Social Insurance Agency, which is awide organisation. This work will concentrate on one of the projects going on within theorganisation which is travel-free meetings, where they are building a video meeting system thatallows the employees in the organisation to be able to meet with each other through the use ofvideoconferencing instead of physical meetings. In this work we will show how Kaikaku (radical system changes) along with Kaizen (continuouschange) can support an organisation to become more efficient and reduce wastage. We have donethis work in an organisation that is present in over one hundred locations in Sweden.The Social Insurance Agency has over 13 000 employees at over one hundred locations inSweden. The organisation has to be close to their customers and provide the best service aspossible. To be able to work in a uniform way, the employees get together and have meetings.Some meetings are just progress meetings and takes perhaps no more than two hours to complete.However, if seven employees from seven different locations need to have meetings, in the worstcase, they all have to meet in a common place. This is expensive for the organisation in travel costs, time and absence from work, but thetravelling also contributes to environmental pollution if the employees are travelling by a fuelpoweredvehicle. A whole day could go lost for having a meeting in about two hours if all sevenemployees went from their own cities to e.g. Stockholm for the meeting.Muda (wastage) of travel created several different types of Muda, namely: Wastage with anticipation when the employees had to wait for e.g. a bus, train or airplaneetc. Wastage with transportation, because they had to travel. Wastage of unnecessary movements, as employees had to travel to another city to do theirchores. Waste of time, then their traveling stole a lot of their working time. Wastage of energy and water, then carbon emissions from travel had a negative impact onther environment. These wastage also led to the employees becoming overloaded (Muri) when they could not dosome of their jobs when travelling took a lot of their time. This meant that they had have to havefewer meetings, which in turn led to increased variability (Muri), since they did not have astandard for shared work and worked in different ways at the various offices.This project’s purpose was to reduce travels with 10% and bring efficiency in the meetings. Thisby introducing new technologies with videoconferencing in the organisation, where employeeseffectively can schedule appointments and see, share documents and have meetings right wherethey are instead of traveling and having physical meetings. The project succeeded to reducetravels with 15%.The project was limited to the Business support division within the authority, which is locatedthroughout the country and has about 615 employees.Sammanfattning Detta examensarbete är genomfört på Försäkringskassan som finns på över hundra platser iSverige. I detta arbete benämns Försäkringskassan som ”organisationen” på många ställen.Försäkringskassan har över 13 000 anställda och finns på över hundra platser i Sverige. Dettaför att organisationen ska finnas nära sina kunder och ge den bästa möjliga servicen. För attkunna jobba på ett enhetligt sätt måste de anställda träffas och ha möten. Vissa möten är baraavstämningsmöten och tar kanske inte mer än två timmar i anspråk. Men om t.ex. sjuanställda från sju olika orter ska träffas och ha möten, åker i värsta fall de alla till engemensam plats där de möts.Förutom att detta kostar organisationen pengar i resekostnader samt tid och arbetsbortfall, såbidrar resanden även till miljöföroreningar i vart fall när de anställda använder sig avbränsledrivna fortskaffningsmedel. En hel arbetsdag kunde gå åt för att ha ett möte på cirkatvå timmar om alla åkte från olika städer i landet till t.ex. Stockholm.Så Muda (slöserier) med resandet skapade flera olika typer av Muda, nämligen: Slöserier med väntan, då de anställda var tvungna att vänta på t.ex. buss, tåg och flygmed mera. Slöserier med transporter, då de var tvungna att resa. Slöserier med onödiga rörelser, då medarbetarna var tvungna att resa till en annan ortför att utföra sina sysslor. Slöseri med tid, då deras resande stal en hel del av deras arbetstid. Slöseri med energi och vatten, då koldioxid utsläppen från resandet hade negativpåverkan på miljön. Dessa slöserier ledde också till att medarbetarna blev överbelastade (Muri) då de inte hannmed sina arbetsuppgifter då resandet tog en hel del av deras tid. Detta ledde till att de hadefärre möten som i sin tur ledde till att variationerna ökade (Mura), eftersom de inte hade enstandard för gemensamma arbetssätt och jobbade på olika sätt på de olika kontoren. Målet med projektet var att främst minska resandet med 10% och få effektivitet i mötena.Detta genom att införa ny teknik med videmöten i organisationen, där de anställda på etteffektivt sätt kan boka möten och se, dela dokument och ha möten precis där de är istället föratt resa och ha möten. Projektet lyckades minska resandet med 15%.Projektet begränsades till avdelningen verksamhetsstöd inom myndigheten, som finns överhela landet och har cirka 615 medarbetare.
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Setlhare, Keamogetse. "Optimization and estimation study of manpower planning models." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06182007-161805.
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Ryan-Woolley, Bernadette. "An evaluation of the impact of a reusable medicines organiser on the supply, use and wastage of medicines prescribed for elderly community based people." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574450.
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Silva, Pedro Xavier da. "Análise de falhas organizacionais em um projeto de reaproveitamento de resíduos orgânicos para alimentação animal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/128106.
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A reutilização de resíduos orgânicos para alimentação animal é uma prática comum desde os tempos mais longínquos. Com a identificação das perdas e desperdícios de alimento como uma estratégia chave diante da crescente preocupação em relação à Segurança Alimentar Global, este mecanismo de reaproveitamento do resíduo gerado é posto como uma importante alternativa. No município de Porto Alegre (RS/ Brasil) é conduzido o Projeto de Reaproveitamento de Resíduos Orgânicos de Restaurante via Suinocultura, no qual o departamento de limpeza municipal intermedeia a transferência de resíduos alimentares para suinocultores da região (vinculados ao grupo Associação de Suinocultores da Zona Sul de Porto Alegre), produzindo produtos cárneos de origem e qualidade controladas. Para avaliar como está disposta a estrutura de governança desta cadeia produtiva, como ela se relaciona com o ambiente institucional que a delimita e se esta estrutura afeta a forma como o projeto é conduzido, foram utilizados conceitos da Nova Economia Institucional e da Economia de Custos de Transação. Foi possível identificar que o alto nível de especificidade de ativos e de incertezas nas transações são fontes significantes de custos de transações. Além disso, os estabelecimentos geradores de resíduo e os produtores agem de forma oportunista ao participar do Projeto e investimentos específicos demandados não são realizados devido à incerteza do ambiente. Em decorrência destes aspectos, emergem falhas organizacionais, identificadas nesta pesquisa como entraves na condução do projeto. Os principais entraves identificados para a condução do Projeto foram "alta de Licenciamento Ambiental", "Tratamento do Resíduo" e "Características da Associação", estando estes diretamente vinculados ao ambiente institucional.The reuse of organic waste as animal diet is a common practice since the most ancient times. The identification of losses and food waste became a key strategy in the face of growing concern about the Global Food Security, and this mechanism that recycle of the waste generated is na important alternative. In Porto Alegre (RS State / Brazil) is leading the “Projeto de Reutilização de Resíduos Orgânicos de Restaurante via Suinocultura”, in which the municipal cleaning department mediates the transfer of food waste to pig farmers in the region (all of them linked to a Producers Association) to produce meat products with origin and quality controlled. To evaluate how is addressed the governance structure of this production chain, how is its relationship with the Institutional Environment and is this structure affects how the project is lead, were used concepts of the New Institutional Economics and the Economics of Transaction Costs. We observed that the high level of asset specificity and uncertainty in the transactions are significant sources of transaction costs. In addition, the waste generators establishments and producers act opportunistically to participate in the project and some demanded specific investments are not made due to environmental uncertainty. The main barriers identified (called in this study as organizational failures) for the well maintenance of the Project were ―Lack of Environmental Licensing‖, ―Treatment of Waste‖ and ―the Association Features‖, and these are directly linked to the institutional environment.
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Singh, Suhas. "Re-defining data visuals for an efficient and sustainable food waste management." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325159.
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The use of visual data representation is increasing the possibilities to exchange information and communicate indifferent contexts all over the world. Communicating food wastage visually to influence consuming patterns isone of these possibilities. Food wastage is currently a much-prioritized topic in Sweden as well as globally due toits negative impacts on society, environment and the economy, and therefore there is much need to bringinnovative solutions supporting reduction of food waste. This thesis presents a qualitative research based on a casestudy of food waste management at Sala municipality in Sweden while exploring the current visual datarepresentation techniques and its further potential to make food waste management more sustainable. The researchframework used in this thesis is based on visual rhetoric and the innovation theories. The thesis analyzes foodwastage from an international perspective, its connection to sustainable development goals and how MatomaticAB uses a visual data representation tool to address food wastage.The thesis further explains how the users associated with Sala municipality interpret the existing tool, thechallenges they face and review their expectations to build a new visual data representation model. The results ofquestionnaires filled by user’s, state that 50% of the respondents understand the current tool to its full capacityand only 50% of the respondents are satisfied with the overall tool. When it comes to the choice of datapresentation 67% of the users showed interest in use of infographics instead of the conventional bar graphs, andtherefore some parameters like, making the tool more interesting using infographics, user friendly by limiting thedata displayed and interactive by giving user options to explore further as per their liking, were thought whiledesigning the new visual data representation model.
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Mårtensson, Ida, and Therese Nordström. "Nedfrysning av nötkött – ett sätt att minska matsvinn? : Konsumenters inställning till att köpa nötkött som frysts ner dagen innan bäst före datum har passerat kopplat till food literacy." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-19557.
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Inledning: Matsvinn bidrar till en negativ klimatpåverkan och svinnet av animalier, speciellt nötkött, genererar stora mängder onödigt växthusgasutsläpp per kilo. Att minska svinnet av animalier bör prioriteras för att snabbt minska växthusgasutsläppen. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka konsumenters inställning till att köpa nötkött som frysts ner dagen innan bäst före datum har passerat i ett försök att minska köttsvinn. Vidare studeras om matrelaterade kunskaper, färdigheter och beteenden, sammanfattade i begreppet food literacy, påverkar inställningen till att köpa nötkött som frysts ner dagen innan bäst före datum har passerat. Material och metod: Data samlades in via en webbenkät och en fokusgrupp. Databearbetning och analys av den kvantitativa datan utfördes i Excel där chitvå-test användes som statistisk metod. Den kvalitativa datan transkriberades och analyserades med hjälp av kodning och tematisering. Resultat: Den kvantitativa datan visar en positiv trend där majoriteten av konsumenterna kan tänka sig att köpa nötkött som frysts ner dagen innan bäst före datum har passerat. Resultaten visar att graden av food literacy ökar med åldern. Faktorer som visar sig vara betydelsefulla för konsumenter är pris, kvalitet, förpackning och ursprung. Slutsats: Majoriteten av respondenterna oavsett ålder är positivt inställda till att köpa nötkött som frysts ner dagen innan bäst före datum har passerat. Resultatet pekar åt att andelen respondenter med hög grad av food literacy ökar med ålder och faktorer som styr vid inköp av nötkött som frysts ner dagen innan bäst före datum har passerat är pris, kvalitet, förpackning och ursprung.Introduction: food waste contributes to a negative climate impact and the meat wastage, especially beef, generates large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions per kilogram beef. Reducing animal wastage should be a priority in order to quickly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Aim: The aim is to investigate consumers' attitude to buying beef that has been frozen the day before the best before date has passed in an attempt to reduce the meat wastage. The study also investigates whether food-related knowledge, skills and behaviors, summarized in the concept food literacy, affect the attitude of buying beef that has been frozen the day before the best before date has passed. Method: Data was collected using a web-questionnaire and a focus group. The processing and the analysis of the data was performed in Excel using Chi-Square tests. The qualitative data was transcribed and analyzed using coding and thematization. Results: The quantitative data shows a positive trend where the majority of consumers can see themselves buying beef that has been frozen the day before the best before date has passed. The results show that the level of food literacy increases with age. Factors that prove to be important for consumers are price, quality, packaging and origin. Conclusion: The majority of respondents regardless of age are positive about buying beef. The result indicates that the proportion of respondents with a high degree of food literacy increases with age and factors that prove to be important for consumers when buying beef are price, quality, packaging and origin.
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Razmgah, Mohammad Ali Dani, and Jenny Kristina Marie Strömberg. "Resefria möten : Ett projekt för att minska slöserier på arbetsplatsen." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-12423.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This degree project is about having meetings in The Swedish Social Insurance Agency, which is awide organisation. This work will concentrate on one of the projects going on within theorganisation which is travel-free meetings, where they are building a video meeting system thatallows the employees in the organisation to be able to meet with each other through the use ofvideoconferencing instead of physical meetings. In this work we will show how Kaikaku (radical system changes) along with Kaizen (continuouschange) can support an organisation to become more efficient and reduce wastage. We have donethis work in an organisation that is present in over one hundred locations in Sweden.The Social Insurance Agency has over 13 000 employees at over one hundred locations inSweden. The organisation has to be close to their customers and provide the best service aspossible. To be able to work in a uniform way, the employees get together and have meetings.Some meetings are just progress meetings and takes perhaps no more than two hours to complete.However, if seven employees from seven different locations need to have meetings, in the worstcase, they all have to meet in a common place. This is expensive for the organisation in travel costs, time and absence from work, but thetravelling also contributes to environmental pollution if the employees are travelling by a fuelpoweredvehicle. A whole day could go lost for having a meeting in about two hours if all sevenemployees went from their own cities to e.g. Stockholm for the meeting.Muda (wastage) of travel created several different types of Muda, namely: Wastage with anticipation when the employees had to wait for e.g. a bus, train or airplaneetc. Wastage with transportation, because they had to travel. Wastage of unnecessary movements, as employees had to travel to another city to do theirchores. Waste of time, then their traveling stole a lot of their working time. Wastage of energy and water, then carbon emissions from travel had a negative impact onther environment. These wastage also led to the employees becoming overloaded (Muri) when they could not dosome of their jobs when travelling took a lot of their time. This meant that they had have to havefewer meetings, which in turn led to increased variability (Muri), since they did not have astandard for shared work and worked in different ways at the various offices.This project’s purpose was to reduce travels with 10% and bring efficiency in the meetings. Thisby introducing new technologies with videoconferencing in the organisation, where employeeseffectively can schedule appointments and see, share documents and have meetings right wherethey are instead of traveling and having physical meetings. The project succeeded to reducetravels with 15%.The project was limited to the Business support division within the authority, which is locatedthroughout the country and has about 615 employees.Sammanfattning Detta examensarbete är genomfört på Försäkringskassan som finns på över hundra platser iSverige. I detta arbete benämns Försäkringskassan som ”organisationen” på många ställen.Försäkringskassan har över 13 000 anställda och finns på över hundra platser i Sverige. Dettaför att organisationen ska finnas nära sina kunder och ge den bästa möjliga servicen. För attkunna jobba på ett enhetligt sätt måste de anställda träffas och ha möten. Vissa möten är baraavstämningsmöten och tar kanske inte mer än två timmar i anspråk. Men om t.ex. sjuanställda från sju olika orter ska träffas och ha möten, åker i värsta fall de alla till engemensam plats där de möts.Förutom att detta kostar organisationen pengar i resekostnader samt tid och arbetsbortfall, såbidrar resanden även till miljöföroreningar i vart fall när de anställda använder sig avbränsledrivna fortskaffningsmedel. En hel arbetsdag kunde gå åt för att ha ett möte på cirkatvå timmar om alla åkte från olika städer i landet till t.ex. Stockholm.Så Muda (slöserier) med resandet skapade flera olika typer av Muda, nämligen: Slöserier med väntan, då de anställda var tvungna att vänta på t.ex. buss, tåg och flygmed mera. Slöserier med transporter, då de var tvungna att resa. Slöserier med onödiga rörelser, då medarbetarna var tvungna att resa till en annan ortför att utföra sina sysslor. Slöseri med tid, då deras resande stal en hel del av deras arbetstid. Slöseri med energi och vatten, då koldioxid utsläppen från resandet hade negativpåverkan på miljön. Dessa slöserier ledde också till att medarbetarna blev överbelastade (Muri) då de inte hannmed sina arbetsuppgifter då resandet tog en hel del av deras tid. Detta ledde till att de hadefärre möten som i sin tur ledde till att variationerna ökade (Mura), eftersom de inte hade enstandard för gemensamma arbetssätt och jobbade på olika sätt på de olika kontoren. Målet med projektet var att främst minska resandet med 10% och få effektivitet i mötena.Detta genom att införa ny teknik med videmöten i organisationen, där de anställda på etteffektivt sätt kan boka möten och se, dela dokument och ha möten precis där de är istället föratt resa och ha möten. Projektet lyckades minska resandet med 15%.Projektet begränsades till avdelningen verksamhetsstöd inom myndigheten, som finns överhela landet och har cirka 615 medarbetare.
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Bratt, Forss Camilla, and Karolina Strömberg. "Matbutikers hantering av mjölk och mjölksubstitut; spill och försäljningsstrategi." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232317.
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I dagsläget överproduceras och överkonsumeras mat, samtidigt slängs 30% av all mat som produceras i världen. Matproduktionen står för en stor del av världens miljöbelastning; främst genom animaliska produkter såsom kött och mejeriprodukter, och därför har ämnet blivit mycket omtalat. I samband med denna debatt har mjölksubstitut introducerats på marknaden. Målet med arbetet var att undersöka hur matbutiker i Stockholm arbetar med svinn och försäljning av mjölk och mjölksubstitut. En jämförelse gjordes mellan Arla Mellanmjölk, Alpro Soya och Alpro Mandeldryck. Datainsamlingsmetoden gjordes dels i kvantitativt format där siffror över försäljning och svinn samlades in, men även i kvalitativt format, i form av intervjuer med sex utvalda matbutiker. Det visade sig att svinnet för Arla Mellanmjölk, Alpro Soya och Alpro Mandeldryck var minimalt med anledning att det alltid finns efterfrågan på dessa produkter och att matbutikerna aktivt arbetar för att hålla svinnet lågt. Detta görs genom att ha ett välkalibrerat automatiskt beställningssystem som tar hand om majoriteten av butikens beställningar in, ha bra kylar i butiken, samt att regelbundet inventera butiken. De produkter som undersöktes ansågs inte behöva exponeras på något speciellt vis då de är basvaror som i princip säljer sig själva. Det är snarare ett problem att mjölksubstituten tar slut från centrallagret emellanåt när efterfrågan blir för stor. Matbutikernas primära mål är att driva ett lönsamt företag och ansträngningarna som görs sker på grund av ekonomiska fördelar. Likväl, även om minskat svinn görs med anledning att inte gå i förlust ekonomiskt blir utfallet detsamma och till fördel för miljön. Konsumenterna verkar tillsynes vara de som har mest makt i att förändra hur matbutikernas verksamhet bedrivs. Genom att välja mjölksubstitut framför mjölk kommer följaktligen miljöbelastningen från mjölkproduktionen att minska.The food production and consumption today are excessive, while 30% of all produced food in the world goes to waste. Food production has a significant effect on the environment; primarily through animalistic products such as meat and dairy food, it is, therefore, a much-disputed subject. Milk alternatives have, as a reaction to this, been introduced on the market. This project aimed to examine how grocery stores in Stockholm handle food waste and sales of milk and milk alternatives. A comparison was made between Arla semi-skimmed milk, Alpro Soya and Alpro Almond. The data collection methods were both quantitively, as numbers of sales and waste were collected, but also qualitative, with interviews with six selected grocery stores. The food waste for Arla semi-skimmed milk, Alpro Soya and Alpro Almond was minimal as a result of constant demand for these products, and also the grocery stores active work to prevent food waste. This is accomplished through a well calibrated automatic ordering system that controls the majority of the store's orders. Additionally, new refrigerators and continuous inventory are also methods used to minimize the food waste. The grocery stores felt no reason to expose the selected products in any particular way since they are already well-known and gets sold without any effort. It is rather an issue that the demand for the milk substitutes is too high and the central warehouse has no supply. The grocery stores' primary goal is to conduct a profitable business, and when the stores put in an effort, the objective is the economic benefits. Nonetheless, even though the reduced food waste is a product of the grocery stores effort to minimize unnecessary economic losses, the outcome will be the same; a benefit for the environment. The consumers seem to have the most influence on how grocery stores conduct their businesses. By choosing a milk substitute over regular milk, the environmental impact from the production of milk will be reduced.
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Devarakonda, Rakesh Raghavendra, and Sumanth Ramachandrareddy. "Production System waste reduction using Value stream mapping : An Industrial case study." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Produktionsutveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44058.
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The rapid rise in global population and market demands have mandated industries to introduce better and quality products to meet up their rushing needs. However, achiev-ing such goals need optimal production system and robust strategies. Exploring in depth it can be visualized that most of the manufacturing set ups suffers losses or relatively lower benefits due to improper and high wastages. Hence it is very important for man-ufacturing industries to explore the techniques which help them to improve their pro-duction system. The key techniques from Lean Manufacturing (LM) such as Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and Ishikawa diagram were explored in this work for enhanc-ing production capacity, reducing rework, reducing wastages and arriving to a well-defined optimal process flow which in turn help in achieving higher productivity. How-ever, the implementation of Lean and Value stream mapping depends on the production scale and has its own significance to different manufacturing setup. With that motive, in this thesis work the emphasis was made on exploring VSM technique for better pro-duction optimization in manufacturing sector.
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Hauke, Christopher, and Björn Johansson. "Effektivisering vid hantering av prefabricerade stomelement." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213511.
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Efterfrågan på bostäder är idag större än på länge samtidigt som byggbranschen kämpar med pressade byggtider och låga vinstmarginaler. Vinstmarginalen kan ökas genom att effektivisera logistiken och eliminera onödiga kostnader som uppstår i samband med bristande planering. Syftet med rapporten är att hjälpa Peab att identifiera var onödiga kostnader uppstår i samband med hantering av prefabricerade stomelement. Detta sker genom att jämföra arbetet med logistikfrågor på två likvärdiga Peab-projekt, vilka är KTH-studentbostäder samt Roddaren och Simmaren. Resultatet bygger till största del på djupgående intervjuer med nyckelpersoner på respektive projekt. En enkätundersökning gjordes som ett komplement till resultatet från intervjuerna. Rapporten visar att arbetet med logistikfrågor skiljer sig mellan de två projekten. Slöseri på grund av brister i den interna kommunikationen finns på båda arbetsplatserna. Gemensamt är även slöseri till följd av avsaknad av tydliga rutiner för dokumentation av dolda felkostnader. Det största identifierande slöseriet på den enskilda arbetsplatsen var slöseri till följd av fel lastordning på projekt Roddaren och Simmaren vilket lett till både synliga och dolda kostnader.Demand for housing is today greater than in a long time, whilst the construction industry is struggling with the pressure to shorten construction schedules and low profit margins. The profit margin can be increased by streamlining logistics and eliminating unnecessary costs arising from lack of planning. The purpose of the report is to help Peab identify where unnecessary costs arise in the handling of prefabricated concrete elements. This is done by comparing the work on logistics issues to two equivalent Peab-projects, KTH-studentbostäder and Roddaren and Simmaren. Results are largely based on in-depth interviews with key people on each project. A survey was conducted as a complement to the results of the interviews. The report shows that the work on logistics issues differs between the two projects. Wastage due to shortcomings in internal communication are found at both workplaces. They also have in common wastage due to lack of clear procedures for documenting the cost of hidden errors. The biggest identifiable waste at the individual workplace was waste as a result of wrong loading order on the Roddaren and Simmaren projects, which led to both visible and hidden costs.
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Silva, Márcia Regina Farias da. "Ciência, técnica e experiências sociais na pesquisa e na extensão universitárias: possibilidades de diálogos entre saberes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-17042009-144937/.
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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo registrar os diálogos entre os diferentes campos de conhecimentos, que serviram de postulado para orientar as ações do projeto de pesquisa e extensão, Avaliação Técnica, Econômica e Socioambiental da Atividade Artesanal no Quilombo de Ivaporunduva, Vale do Ribeira (SP), bem como aportar as possíveis contribuições deste Projeto para estreitar o diálogo entre o conhecimento científico e os saberes originários das experiências e das práticas dos componentes do Grupo de Artesanato da comunidade de Ivaporunduva, localizada no município de Eldorado, Vale do Ribeira, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Realizou-se análise de documentos produzidos pelo Projeto; foram feitas entrevistas com técnicos, professores e/ou pesquisadores e alunos, e com membros do Grupo de Artesanato; além disso, realizaram-se observações das ações do Projeto na academia e na comunidade. Verificouse que as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito acadêmico contribuíram para construção gradual da prática inter e/ou transdisciplinar, na medida em que as ações do Projeto necessitaram reunir diferentes áreas do saber para resolver dificuldades técnicas encontradas para a consolidação da atividade. Observou-se ainda que há graus de comprometimento variados, entre os diferentes profissionais, de campos disciplinares distintos. Contudo, a abertura por parte do corpo discente vem sendo um veículo importante para a interlocução de saberes, que tem estimulado o exercício da prática inter e/ou transdisciplinar. Constatou-se que a Universidade, enquanto produtora e disseminadora de conhecimentos requer mudanças, no sentido de promover a aproximação dos campos disciplinares, tendo em vista a construção de um conhecimento integrado. Já no âmbito comunitário foi possível constatar que, as ações do Projeto contribuíram para aproximar os saberes técnico-científicos das experiências e das práticas do Grupo de Artesanato, visando a resolução de problemas de ordem técnica, de comercialização e de gestão que inviabilizam a consolidação da atividade artesanal naquela comunidade. Conclui-se, portanto, que a interlocução entre diferentes campos do conhecimento, bem como o diálogo entre o conhecimento científico e outros saberes pode contribuir para o debate epistemológico e, por conseguinte para construção de um conhecimento integrador.The aim of this research work was to register the dialogues between the different knowledge fields, which served to direct the actions of the research and extension project, Technical, Economic, Social and Environmental evaluation of the Handicraft activities inside the Ivaporunduva Quilombo, Vale do Ribeira (SP), as well as to signed the possible contributions of this project to close the dialogue between scientific knowledge and knowledge came from the experience of the members of the Ivaporunduva community, located in El Dorado, Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State, Brazil. The documents elaborated by the project were analyzed; as well as were made interviews with technicians, professors and/or researchers and students involved in the project, and with the members of the Handicraft Group. Besides, observations of the project actions inside the academy and the community were made. This analysis checked out the activities developed in the academic sphere that contributed to the grade construction of an inter-disciplinary and/or trans-disciplinary practice, since the project actions needed to bring together different knowledge areas to solve technical difficulties to allow the consolidation of the activity. Hence, this research work, noticed the varied grades of commitment existing among the different professionals from different subject fields. However, the open attitudes of the university students have been an important vehicle to the knowledges dialogue, what have been stimulating the inter-disciplinary and/or trans-disciplinary practice. There were realized that the university, as producer and spreader of knowledge, needs changes, to promote the approximation between subject fields, having in view the construction of an including knowledge. Inside the communitarian sphere was possible to realize that the project actions contributed to approximate the technical-scientific knowledge and the Handicraft Group activities, looking to solve technical, sale and management problems that produced difficulties to establish the craftwork activity with in the community. Therefore, this conclude that the dialogue between different knowledge fields as well as the dialogue between the scientific knowledge and other kinds of knowledge could contribute to the epistemic debate and, therefore, to the construction of an including knowledge.
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Brito, André de Medeiros. "Aplicação do método de custeio ABC no setor de serviços como ferramenta de suporte à redução de custos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5242.
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This dissertation concerns the application of the Activity Based Costing method (ABC) as a tool to hold cost reduction in service companies. The first step was the contextualization of the method importance followed by the justification of the research. After that, a literary review was made and it involved value chain, cost management, ABC method, time-driven ABC, target costing, kaizen costing, value stream mapping and tourism. Based on the researched literature this survey could be separated in three phases: (1) application of the costing method in service costing, (2) application of the value stream mapping in services with a greater incidence of indirect costs and (3) suggestion of a more appropriated cost reduction technique to the service in analysis. This research is exploratory and applied; it is also focused on three case studies in service, two restaurants and a travel agency. The results obtained with the survey indicate service costs and point out the ABC method as an auxiliary tool in the search for cost reduction, having in mind that the more accurate treatment of indirect costs provided by ABC method facilitated the identification of the services which needed wastage analysis. In the last chapter the final considerations related to the research are presented as well as suggestions for future searches.
Esta dissertação trata da aplicação do método de custeio ABC (Activity Based Costs) como ferramenta de suporte à redução de custos em empresas no setor de serviços. Primeiramente, contextualizou-se a importância do método e justificou-se a realização da pesquisa. Em uma etapa posterior realizou-se uma revisão de literatura sobre cadeia de valor, gestão de custos, método de custeio ABC, time-driven ABC, custeio-meta, custeio kaizen, mapeamento do fluxo de valor, finalizando com uma breve revisão no setor de serviços com ênfase na atividade turística. Baseado na literatura pesquisada dividiu-se este estudo de caso em três fases: (1) Aplicação do método de custeio ABC em três empresas do setor serviços, (2) Aplicação do mapeamento do fluxo de valor nos serviços com maiores incidências de custos indiretos e (3) sugestão de técnica de redução de custos mais apropriada para o serviço em análise. A pesquisa possui natureza exploratória e aplicada, focada em um estudo de três casos no setor de serviços, dois restaurantes e uma agência de viagens. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa indicam os custos dos serviços prestados e aponta o ABC como uma ferramenta auxiliar na busca pela redução de custos, pois o tratamento mais acurado dos custos indiretos fornecido pelo ABC facilitou a identificação dos serviços que necessitavam de uma análise nos desperdícios. No último capítulo são apresentadas as considerações finais acerca da pesquisa e sugestões de pesquisas futuras.
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Souza, Ana Melicia Moraes de. "Formação e sustentabilidade na sociedade capitalista de consumo: a gestão do material escolar em uma escola estadual de São Paulo." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2017. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1605.
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This research has, as a study object, the use of school materials in a state school from São Paulo. The problem of the investigation is to know if the management of this kind of material follows the sustainability principles. It started from the hypothesis that the school materials waste and irregular use may be attached to the society consumption pattern and, also, that such materials, which is distributed by the public power, may be not being used correctly, what becomes evident through the apparent waste and punctual actions, distant from a critical view and sustainable attitudes, from the environmental point of view, by the educational agents. Seeking to understand the advances of the school materials delivery, this research proposes to carry out a legal support assessment about them, identifying controversies and contradictions that surround the resources which are available in the educational environment. The methodology includes documental analysis, focus groups with teachers and students, interview with the management team, within the scope of a case study, in a São Paulo state school. The main theoretical critical reference was the Frankfurt school Critical Theory. In the analysis result of the involved persons’ speech, we could observe that the school materials management follows the logic of the exacerbated consumption, characteristic from this capitalist society, since these materials end up not being used with sustainability principles. We have also realized that the formation is weakened, by having the theory and praxis articulation committed in its development. Finally, it is possible to affirm that there are contradictions about the school materials delivery, use and discard made by the attended community, since the formation is the main question. It is possible to say that the public policy reflects very little on the concerns about the sustainability which becomes evident in the documentary analyses. Without a users’ critical reflection, the school materials end up being wasted and discarded in an irregular way, causing damages in many spheres. The research is concluded with an intervention proposal which permits advances in the use of these materials utilized by this school community, in order to promote awareness and the viability of an educational performance based on sustainability criteria.
Esta investigación tiene como objeto de estudio la utilización del material escolar en una escuela estatal de São Paulo / Brasil. El problema de la investigación es saber si la gestión de este tipo de material sigue con los principios del desarrollo sostenible. Partió de las hipótesis de que el despilfarro y el uso irregular de materiales escolares pueden estar conectados a los patrones de consumo de la sociedad y también que dicho material distribuido por el gobierno puede no estar siendo utilizado correctamente, lo que se evidencia por medio del aparente despilfarro y de acciones puntuales desvinculadas de una actitud crítica y sostenibles, bajo el punto de vista del medio ambiente, según los educadores. En la búsqueda de la comprensión de los avances en la distribución de material escolar, la investigación se propone llevar a cabo un estudio del apoyo legal en ellos para identificar polémicas y contradicciones que rodean a los recursos que están disponibles en el entorno escolar. La metodología incluye el análisis de documentos, grupos focales con profesores y con estudiantes, entrevistas con el equipo de gestión, como parte del estudio de caso en esta escuela pública de São Paulo. El principal marco teórico fue la Teoría Crítica de la Escuela de Frankfurt. En el resultado del análisis de los discursos de los involucrados, se observó que la gestión de los materiales escolares sigue la lógica del consumo exagerado, característica de esta sociedad capitalista, ya que estos materiales no terminan siendo utilizados con los principios sostenibles. También observamos que la formación se encuentra debilitada, y la articulación entre la teoría y la praxis comprometida en su desarrollo. Por último, es posible decir que hay contradicciones en cuanto a la distribución, la utilización y el desecho de materiales escolares realizados por esta comunidad que se sirve de la formación como cuestión principal. Es posible decir que las políticas públicas poco reflejan las preocupaciones sostenibles y así se queda más evidente en los documentos genéricos y en los tribunales superiores. Sin una reflexión crítica de los usuarios, el material escolar termina siendo despilfarrado y desechado de manera irregular, causando perjuicios en diversos ámbitos. La investigación se completa con la propuesta de una intervención para permitir avances en el uso de estos materiales para esta comunidad escolar con el fin de promover concientización y la viabilidad de una actuación educativa basada en criterios sustentables.
Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a utilização do material escolar em uma escola estadual de São Paulo. O problema da investigação é saber se a gestão desse tipo de material segue com princípios de sustentabilidade. Partiu das hipóteses de que o desperdício e o uso irregular do material escolar pode estar ligado ao padrão de consumo da sociedade e, também, de que tal material distribuído pelo poder público pode não estar sendo utilizado corretamente, o que se evidencia por meio do aparente desperdício e de ações pontuais descoladas de uma visão crítica e atitudes sustentáveis, sob um ponto de vista ambiental, por parte dos agentes educativos. Na busca por compreender os avanços na distribuição dos materiais escolares, a pesquisa propõe realizar um levantamento do suporte legal sobre eles, identificando polêmicas e contradições que cercam os recursos que estão disponíveis no ambiente escolar. A metodologia inclui análise documental, grupos focais com professores e com estudantes, entrevistas com a equipe gestora, no âmbito de um estudo de caso, em uma escola estadual de São Paulo. O principal referencial teórico foi a teoria crítica da escola de Frankfurt. No resultado das análises dos discursos dos envolvidos, observamos que a gestão dos materiais escolares segue a lógica do consumo exacerbado, característico desta sociedade capitalista, visto que esses materiais acabam não sendo utilizados com princípios de sustentabilidade. Constatamos também que a formação encontra-se fragilizada, tendo a articulação teoria e práxis comprometida em seu desenvolvimento. Finalmente, é possível afirmar que existem contradições quanto à distribuição, ao uso e ao descarte de materiais escolares feito por essa comunidade atendida, sendo a formação a principal questão. É possível afirmar que as políticas públicas pouco refletem as preocupações para com a sustentabilidade, o que fica evidente nas análises documentais. Sem uma reflexão crítica dos usuários, o material escolar acaba sendo desperdiçado e descartado de forma irregular, causando prejuízos em várias esferas. A pesquisa é concluída com a proposta de intervenção que permite avanços no uso desses materiais utilizados por essa comunidade escolar, a fim de promover conscientização e a viabilidade de uma atuação educativa pautada em critérios de sustentabilidade.
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Nanjappa, Jagdish. "Web-based dynamic material modeling." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1174918633.
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Sanna, Fausto. "Timber modern methods of construction : a comparative study." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2018. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1256099.
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The doctoral research revolves around a comparative study of timber modern methods of construction for low-rise, residential buildings in Scotland. The building techniques studied involve both timber-frame panel construction (open-panel and closed-panel systems and structural insulated panels) and massive-timber construction (cross-laminated and nail-laminated timber panels). A non-timber technique is also included in the study: more traditional, load-bearing masonry (blockwork). These different building techniques have been analysed from two complementary aspects: environmental impacts and thermal performance. The environmental study is based on the life-cycle assessment methodology and embraces various aspects: environmental impacts (e.g., climate change, acidification, eutrophication, ozone depletion, etc.), consumption of energy (renewable and non-renewable resources) and production of waste (from non-hazardous to radioactive). The assessment takes a cradle-to-gate approach and, in its structure and method, is informed by the current recommendations of the international standards in the field (i.e., ISO 14040 series). Various environmental trade-offs between construction methods have been identified. In terms of global-warming potential (excluding biogenic carbon sequestration), results suggest that timber-frame buildings show a better performance than masonry buildings; this is particularly true for the open-panel system, which emits about 10% less carbon than the masonry counterpart. Massive-timber buildings tend to cause more carbon emissions than masonry ones. In terms of consumption of non-renewable primary energy, timber buildings do not generally show significant advantages with respect to blockwork-based masonry. In particular, structural-insulated panel systems tend to show very high energy requirements. Timber-based buildings show a tendency to cause increased acidification, eutrophication and creation of low ozone than their masonry counterpart. The level of offsite fabrication that is employed for the erection of the buildings plays an important role in the magnitude of most environmental impacts, which show an average decrease between 5% and 10% when some of the operations are shifted from the construction site to the factory. v The thermal study investigates the performance of the building envelope, and, in particular, of external walls, by means of tests whereby the thermal behaviour of a sample of walls (of full-size section) has been observed and measured over time. On the outside, the walls were exposed to real, natural weather variations throughout the summer. The study especially focuses on the time-dependent response of three different walling systems (which results from their individual cross-sectional arrangements of building components and the associated combination of heat-storage capacity and thermal resistance): a timber-framed wall, a cross-laminated-timber wall and a masonry wall. Thus, the main goal of the study was to characterise the thermal-inertia parameters of these walls. This type of thermal behaviour is related to the repercussions of global climate change at UK level, especially in terms of increase in solar irradiance and temperature, which requires an adaptation of the building-envelope such that it can perform well both during wintertime and summertime, by providing maximum indoor comfort with minimum economic and environmental costs from the construction and operation of buildings. The timber-framed wall possesses the greatest capacity to slow down the propagation of temperature waves from the outer surface to the inner surface (time lag), whereas the masonry wall performs best with respect to reducing the amplitude of temperature oscillation on the inner surface (decrement factor). The cross-laminated-timber wall exhibits intermediate values of both time lag and decrement factor, relative to the other two walls. Both the thermal and life-cycle assessment of the construction alternatives aim at assisting the design and decision-making process in the residential field and at suggesting areas that need to be addressed and improved, towards a coherent evolution of the building techniques included in this study and a step forward in the realisation of sustainable, low-rise dwellings.
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Holst, Levi. "Waste Is Not Waste Until It's Wasted." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171592.
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Pongrácz, E. (Eva). "Re-defining the concepts of waste and waste management:evolving the Theory of Waste Management." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514268210.
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Abstract
In an attempt to construct a new agenda for waste management, this
thesis explores the importance of the definition of waste and its impact
on waste management, and the role of ownership in waste management. It is
recognised that present legal waste definitions are ambiguous and do not
really give an insight into the concept of waste. Moreover, despite its
explicit wish of waste prevention, when according to present legislation a
thing is assigned the label of a waste, it is going to be treated like
waste, implicitly legislation thus amasses waste. The philosophical
ramifications inherent in such definitions mean that they are not capable
of constructing a system that, by its very nature, results in a
sustainable waste management system. It is also a fact that, while there
are numerous practices as to how to deal with a particular type of waste,
there is no theory of waste management. In this thesis, waste as a concept
is analysed from the point of view of why and when waste is created. Using
the PSSP language, waste is classified based on the Purpose and
Performance attributes. New, dynamic definitions for waste and waste
management are offered, which explain why waste is created and
intrinsically offer a solution to how the problem could be solved.
Additional waste-related concepts are introduced, which are thought to
have great potential for improvement on waste regulation. The concept of
ownership is explained as rights and responsibilities of waste
creators/owners: it is thus crucial to raising awareness about waste.
Ownership in itself often dictates which waste management options are
preferentially adopted by a given community. The role of legislation in
producing monitoring systems for the transfer of ownership as well as
abandonment of ownership is analysed. To avoid obstacles to resource
conservation due to materials being considered waste, a definition for
non-waste is introduced. The new agenda for waste management thus focuses
upon the development of more appropriate, sustainable definitions so that
what is now commonly perceived as being waste will in fact be increasingly
seen as resource-rich, 'non-waste'. The role of waste management is
explained as control of all waste-related activities, with the aim of
preventing, minimising or utilising waste. The need for a theory of waste
management is explained, and the first building blocks of the theory are
proposed. This thesis is offered as the first step toward scientification
of waste management.
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Rosberg, Philip. "Waste management at Electrolux : Proposals for a New Waste Management- and Waste Reporting System." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202577.
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There has been an increased trend and awareness, during the past two decades, for global companies to assess their environmental impact. And when it comes to waste management, there are at this point few disarmaments that an increased awareness of companies’ resource-, and waste streams can have positive financial outcomes, if actions are taken. A lot of these ideas have already been implemented within Electrolux. By developing an energy and water management plan, Green Spirit, they have successfully improved their operations with reducing their energy intensity with 17% (2011-2015) and water intensity with 35% (2011- 2015) (Electrolux Sustainability, 2016). This study has the main objective how to improve and reduce waste in Electrolux´s production facilities, and to help Electrolux understand their waste streams. By assessing the waste performance at Electrolux, and by comparing environmental KPIs between Electrolux and a selection of competitors, a basis for decision was developed. Literature studies of legislative frameworks in geographical regions where Electrolux have a strong presence have helped to understand how companies can work with regulatory entities to solve greater issues. By joining forces with other companies and governments, Electrolux will be able to set an example of how waste performance and profitability can be achieved. By sharing best practice, and engaging with stakeholders and developers, Electrolux can help improve waste performance and save natural resources. This thesis has lead to the development of a new management system, a new reporting system, and a transparent way to rank and keep track of waste performance at Electrolux factories. A way to understand and address issues related to zero waste is also presented.
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Mazumder, Shanta. "Hydrothermal Upgrading of Coal Waste with Food Waste." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1564657234997005.
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Carolus, Vernon. "Waste and waste management in Breede Valley district." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/784.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007The waste management that is taking place in the Breede Valley district focus mainly on disposal and end-of-pipe solutions. This approach resulted in serious negative impacts on the environment and human health. Improper waste management practices have become a major source of concern due to the risk associated with poor waste management in the area. Indiscriminate dumping of waste at street corners is very common. The basic waste management processes of collection, transport, segregation and [mal disposal appear to be very inefficient and inadequate. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of the waste stream as well as public awareness, attitudes and behaviours towards current and alternative waste management practices. A waste assessment study was conducted to determine the amount of waste generated by the different communities, as well as how much and what of the recyclables can be taken out of the waste stream by recycling. For this study data was obtained by formulation of questionnaires for businesses, communities and medical practitioners, as well as an interview with the Engineering Department of the Breede Valley Municipality about the current waste management situation in the area. From the data obtain from businesses, communities and medical facilities, it is clear that public participation, partnership, education and awareness is essential for effective integrated waste management. This study revealed that waste management practices are inefficient, uncontrolled and fragmented. This investigation shows that there is a huge difference between the different communities in terms of the volume of waste generation. The study also shows that waste related legislation is outdated and fragmented and there is no enforcement by municipal officials. The major Issues and challenges that affect the management of waste. include its organisational structure and lack of waste minimisation plans.
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Tereshchenko, K. "Waste exchanges." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26799.
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Stidham, Steve P. "Waste= Capital." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306501008.
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Wright, Linda Marie. "Sustainable waste management and vermicomposting of biodegradable municipal waste." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407990.
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Jafaripour, Amir. "Utilisation of waste gas sludge for waste water treatment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4784/.
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This hypothesis driven research investigated the removal of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn from synthetic metal solutions and real Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) from Wheal Jane mine in West Cornwall UK, employing waste gas sludge (BOS sludge) which is an end waste reside generated from steel production. Batch experiments showed the efficiency and adsorption rates increased with reduction in BOS sludge particle size, lower in initial metal concentration, increase in BOS sludge dosage, an increase in initial pH and increase in agitation speed. Fitting of the Langmuir isotherm model to experimental data gave a good fit with correlation coefficients R\(^2\)≥0.99 and the selectivity series of BOS sludge was: Cu\(^2\)\(^+\)>Fe\(^3\)\(^+\)>Zn\(^2\)\(^+\)>Mn\(^2\)\(^+\). For single and multiadsorbate systems, a Pseudo second order model was the most appropriate theory to satisfactorily describe experimental data and the rate limiting step for this process was chemisorption. Adsorption was spontaneous and high pH promoted adsorption possibly by precipitation and/or ion exchange processes which had taken place between the exchangeable cations present in BOS and solutions. Results from the treatment of real and synthetic AMD solutions revealed that BOS sludge worked well and hence BOS sludge as a novel low cost material could be used as a sustainable sorbent in AMD treatment technologies.
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Mashazhu, Mabasa. "Waste farm: a productive landscape for integrated waste management." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28251.
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In 2010 the city of Cape Town partnered with the Department of Environmental Affairs to initiate a project to investigate and evaluate the possible re-opening and licensing of Historic and Old landfill sites. The project to reassess these landfill sites is due to the fact that the three main operating landfill sites in Cape Town are nearing capacity. This calls for the city to re-imagine its waste management infrastructure. Meanwhile, within the urban areas of Cape Town, there exists a network and constellations of informal waste pickers working in conjunction with buy-back centres and recyclers to form an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable solution that diverts volumes of recyclable waste from landfills. These informal waste pickers contribute to filling in a gap within the formal recycling system but there is no infrastructure supporting these individuals on whom the formal recycling industry depends on. Most of the waste pickers sleep 'on the streets' with little access to amenities such as water, toilets and washing facilities. The spaces they occupy/sleep make it hard to store their pickings and hence they are forced to sell as soon as they collect. It also forces them to make multiple trips to the buy-back centres whom they are always at the mercy of, particularly when the ever changing price of recyclable waste is low. This project aims at creating a productive landscape that uses waste as a vehicle to enhance the livelihoods of informal waste pickers and encourage local communities to see the economic and environmental value of recycling waste. By providing secure storage and sorting, safe/hygienic sleeping and cleaning spaces coupled with social and productive areas; the project seeks to unlock the potential of recycling using a suitable architectural intervention that is self-sustaining.