Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wastage

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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Wastage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Wastage"

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Zubairu, A. H., U. Haruna, D. Iliyasu, A. R. Mustapha, F. Lawan, M. Mustapha, L. Adamu, and S. T. Muhammad. "Retrospective Study of Cattle Fetal Wastage at Hadeja Abattoir, Jigawa ‎State: Economic Implication and Seasonal Variation." Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i1.303.

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Fetal wastage usually occurs due to indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant cows without proper ante mortem assessment of the pregnancy status prior to slaughter in most of the abattoir in Jigawa state. Therefore, the current retrospective study was aimed to determine the extent of cattle fetal wastage and its economic implications for a period of 6 years (2016-2021) in Hadeja abattoir Jigawa state. The total number of cows slaughtered in Hadeja abattoir and the fetal wastage were evaluated. Variation in the number of fetal wastages during dry season and rainy season were determined. Economic implications of fetal wastage were evaluated. The results revealed the number of fetuses wasted were 3,763 within a six-year period. The highest number of fetal wastages 2777 (73.8 %/) were recorded in the dry season with (P < 0.05), compared to the number of fetal wastages 986 (26.2 %) recorded in the rainy season. The financial losses due to fetal wastages was estimated at ₦2,162,160,000 with an annual loss of ₦ 360,360,000. The yearly average fetal wastage across the study period was 627 (16.7 %). Large number of fetal wastages were recorded during the dry season with significant economic losses. Hence, effective ante mortem inspection and pregnancy diagnosis in cows is necessary in order to avert this problem at the abattoir. Similarly, reinforcement of legislation law against indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant cows should be enforced at the abattoir.
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Yogish, H. K., M. Niranjanamurthy, and K. L. Abhishek. "Smart Wastage Monitoring System with Internet of Things Capability and Location Tracking." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9069.

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Major significant challenge looked by the current reality is the developing measure of wastage (garbage) produced each day. Because of urbanization, population explosion and ill-advised methods for waste gathering, waste is being created on an enormous size. Hazardous infections, decrease in the nature of style in the earth, air and water contamination are for the most part resultant issues of unattended wastage primarily because of carelessness in wastage assortment. Hence, there are various accessible advances which go for successful accumulation of waste. In this paper, IoT have been utilized to handle smart wastage bins which are used to gather wastage and avoid it from spilling over. Global Positioning System (GPS), Arduino UNO microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module chip and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) has incorporated into a framework to employ these wastage bins.
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Mohammed, Solomon Ahmed, Mesfin Haile Kahissay, and Abel Demerew Hailu. "Pharmaceuticals wastage and pharmaceuticals waste management in public health facilities of Dessie town, North East Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 28, 2021): e0259160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259160.

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Background Pharmaceuticals wastes are drugs and medicines that can no longer be used. The improper disposal of unused medicines is a growing problem throughout the world. This study assessed the pharmaceutical wastage rate and pharmaceutical waste management for the year 2015 to 2017 in the public health facility of Dessie, Ethiopia. Methodology A cross-section study design was used to review logistic data retrospectively from health commodity management information systems and manual records in 8 health facilities. Health professionals’ (135) pharmaceutical waste management practices were assessed using the world health organization waste management checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics were made using a statistical package for social sciences version 20. Result Supplies were the leading class of pharmaceuticals with an overall wastage rate of 37.1%. Tablet and injectable constituted the highest class of pharmaceuticals dosage form with the overall wastage rate of 20.78% and 16.49%. The overall pharmaceutical wastage rate was 3.68% amounting to USD 159,762.66 and expiry (92.05%) was the major reason for wastage. The pharmaceutical wastage rate of health centers was nearly twofold higher than hospitals. Pharmaceutical waste management was practiced by 105 (77%; 95% CI; 69.9%, 84.9%) health professionals. Determinants of pharmaceutical waste management were being male (P value = 0.08, AOR = 3.72), receiving training (P value = 0.01, AOR = 4.34), writing label (P value = 0.02, AOR = 5.04), storage of segregated waste in dispensing unit (P value = 0.01, AOR = 0.72) and the presence of disposal plan (P value = 0.002, AOR = 16.93). Conclusions Supplies and tablets constituted the highest wastage class of pharmaceuticals and dosage form. The pharmaceutical wastage rate was higher than the standard and increasing in successive years. Pharmaceutical waste management was not fully practiced. Appropriate inventory control and waste management are recommended.
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Javadzadeh Shahshahani, Hayedeh, Shahin Sharifi, and Soheila Nasizadeh. "Impact of Implementing a Standard Operating Procedure to Reduce Blood Wastage in Blood Centers of Iran." Archives of Iranian Medicine 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2024.14.

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Background: Blood wastage leads to additional costs and reduced blood availability to patients. Above all is the moral issue of wasting donor gifts. This study aimed to determine the rate of blood wastage before and after implementing a new standard operating procedure (SOP) in Iran. Methods: In this interventional study, a SOP for wastage management was prepared and implemented in all blood centers throughout the country. Data were extracted from the integrated software of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO). The wastage rate of blood components in the post-intervention years (2016-2017) was then compared with that in the pre-intervention years (2013-2015) using the Z test. Results: The overall wastage rate decreased by 36.86% (P<0.001, 95% CI [36.84-36.88]) after the intervention. Red blood cell (RBC) wastage decreased from 2.6% to 2.5%, platelet wastage from 19.5% to 10.6% and plasma wastage from 15.5% to 7.3% (P<0.001). The highest percentage of waste reduction pertained to plasma components, which decreased by 52.90% (P<0.001, 95% CI [52.86-52.94]). Expiration was the most common cause of RBC and platelet wastage. The most common causes of plasma wastage were RBC contamination and rupture or leakage of the bags. The intervention resulted in a drop of over 250000 discarded components each year, equal to approximately thirty-six million dollars in savings. Conclusion: This intervention effectively reduced waste and increased efficiency. Ongoing blood wastage reviews, auditing, and receiving feedback from the central headquarters were powerful tools in following the compliance of blood centers. Further studies are recommended, especially concerning blood wastage in hospital blood banks and various wards.
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Sarfaty, Michal, Assaf Moore, Ashley M. Regazzi, Aaron P. Mitchell, and Jonathan E. Rosenberg. "The Cost of Enfortumab Vedotin Wastage Due to Vial Size—A Real-World Analysis." Cancers 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 5977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235977.

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Enfortumab Vedotin (EV) is FDA-approved for advanced urothelial cancer in patients previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and a checkpoint inhibitor. We conducted a real-world study to determine the extent of EV wastage in a single institution and assessed the financial impact of EV wastage annually in the United States. Systematic examination of the usage and wastage of all standard-of-care EV treatments administered to urothelial cancer patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 was performed. Drug wastage was calculated by subtracting the actual administered dose from the total dose in an optimal set of vials. We built a pharmacoeconomic model to assess the financial impact of EV wastage annually in the US using the January 2021 Average Sales Prices from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Sixty-four patients were treated with standard-of-care EV, with a median of 11 doses per patient (range 1–28). Wastage occurred in 46% of administered doses (367/793), with a mean waste per dose of 2.9% (0–18%). The average drug wastage cost per patient was $3127 ($252/dose). The annual cost of EV wastage in the US is estimated to be $15 million based on wastage data from a single center in the US. In summary, EV wastage due to available vial sizes was 2.9%, which falls under acceptable thresholds. While the percentage of EV wastage is relatively low, waste-minimizing practices may reduce the financial toxicity for the individual patient and for society.
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Elimelech, Ert, and Ayalon. "Exploring the Drivers behind Self-Reported and Measured Food Wastage." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 14, 2019): 5677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205677.

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Understanding households’ food waste drivers is crucial for forming a coherent policy to meet the sustainable development goals. However, current studies have documented mixed evidence regarding food waste determinants. Most studies have relied on self-reports, assuming they reflect actual behaviors. This study applies a structural equation model that evaluates both self-reported and measured food wastage, and how they are affected by different households’ attributes, attitudes, and behaviors. As such, it also provides a test for the underlying logic that self-reports are a proxy for actual food waste. Results show that measured food wastage is, at best, weakly correlated with self-reports. Moreover, drivers affecting self-reported and measured food wastage are not necessarily the same. Household size affects only measured food wastage. Source separation behavior negatively affects self-reported and measured food wastage, while environmental attitudes have a negative effect only on self-reports. Meal planning, unplanned shopping, and food purchased have no impact on self-reported and measured food wastage. The relation between self-reported and actual food waste and their drivers are even less understood than we thought. The distinction between self-reports and actual waste is crucial for follow-up research on this subject as well as assessing policy measures.
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Jyoti, K., G. Manjula, and MS Ganachari. "Application of KW-ANOVA statistics to generate evidence for cytotoxic drug wastage induced financial burden among cancer patients: A clinical pharmacist observation." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 7 (January 16, 2020): 1559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155219898710.

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Background Very little is known about the effects of drug wastage costs among cancer patients in terms of “financial toxicity” leading to poor health and nonhealth outcomes. But reducing this drug waste is an attractive strategy for cost-cutting with regard to improving the health-related quality of life of the cancer patients. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine drug wastage and to generate evidence for cytotoxic drug waste and financial burden among cancer patients. Methodology: On Ethics Committee approval, a prospective-observational study was conducted in cancer patients. The data were collected in data collection form. Daily monitoring was done to analyze the quantity of drug wastage which was interpreted using KW-ANOVA and further evidence was developed for corrective mitigation strategies applicable to intent drugs. Results Among 90 patients, 52 patients experienced drug wastage that includes 9 intent drugs which figured out unnecessary monetary units and quantity wastage that range from 80 to 50,000 INR and 10 to 500 mg, respectively. The median price value for cost of drug wastage was 237.30 INR. Conclusion The study generates evidence that concludes the mandatory requirement of implementation of drug wastage mitigation strategies for the drugs expected to cause wastage. Clinical pharmacist extensively contributes in oncology pharmacy practice setting to identify the intent drugs and to abate the drug wastage among medications intending to cause potential increment in drug expenditure among cancer patients on chemotherapy clinical pharmacist.
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Lee, Hsu-Hua, and Pao-Yuan Huang. "Food Waste and Environmental Sustainability of the Hotel Industry in Taiwan." Sustainability 15, no. 21 (October 30, 2023): 15459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152115459.

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There is an alarming surge in food wastage stemming from culinary practices and intricate cuisines despite technological advancements. The reduction in food wastage is a pivotal sustainable development goal, yet statistics indicate high levels of wastage. Scholars have investigated food waste extensively with a focus on the hospitality sector, which accounts for nearly 12% of total waste. Factors contributing to food waste have been examined, yet findings tend to be isolated and lack a holistic approach. Existing research leans heavily toward developed countries despite the issue being more pronounced in developing economies. Investigations into hotel-related food wastage in Taiwan remain scarce. Effective waste management can curtail expenditures and enhance brand reputation and underscore a commitment to environmental sustainability for hoteliers and culinary managers. This study offers actionable insights to guide sustainable development. The current research employs qualitative interviews and structured questionnaires with culinary experts and hotel management to decode intricacies of food wastage across procurement, inventory, and preparation in Taiwanese hotels. Utilizing the Analytic Network Process methodology, the research provides insights to guide hoteliers in achieving sustainable development goals.
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Abdelmonem, M., N. Mansour, N. A. Dughman, and H. Wasim. "Blood Products Wastage in Benghazi Hospitals, Libya: The Rate and Causes." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 160, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2023): S107—S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqad150.236.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective Introduction: Despite the rising demand for blood and blood products, supplies are limited. Limiting blood wastage may compensate for fewer donors. This study examines blood waste in Benghazi. A close look at blood and blood product distribution can reveal areas of frequent wastage and the primary factors contributing of blood waste. This would aid in the development of waste prevention programs and raise awareness of the issue. Physicians, laboratory professionals and nurses can follow blood transfusion guidelines. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the rate of blood products wastage and identify the causes of Wastage in Benghazi hospitals in Libya. Methods/Case Report Materials and Methods: Data for this retrospective study describes the blood components utilization or waste for two years: 2015 and 2016 were obtained from hospital blood bank records of all public and private hospitals that Benghazi central blood bank supply with blood and blood components. Descriptive statistical methods analyzed the data. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Results: In 2015 and 2016, Benghazi central blood bank supplied hospitals with 73511 units of blood. 35107(47.8%) were transfused. Wasted or discarded 33318(45.4)units. No data was available for 5086 units(6.8%). The most frequently wasted component was PRBCs(87%) followed by platelets(8%) and FFP(6%). The major cause of wastage for PRBCs is over-ordering (70.2%) followed by outdated units(18.5%), Returned after 30 minutes of issue (0.6%), Kept more than 3daysand expired(0.6%) and Issued to other hospitals(10.1%). The main cause of wastage for platelets is over-ordering (89%), and inappropriate ordering is the most common cause of waste of FFP(85%). PRBCs waste was mostly found in the surgical department, mainly obstetric(24%). For platelets, waste was mostly found in the hematology department(32%). for FFP, waste was mostly found in ER(47.1%). Conclusion The main cause of blood and blood component wastage is the unnecessary ordering of blood products. The most blood component discarded is PRBCs. Physicians are the most responsible for blood and blood component wastage. The blood ordering pattern needs to be revised, and the over-ordering of blood and blood component should be minimized. Medical staff must be educated to reduce blood wastage. Every hospital should implement a hospital transfusion committee to develop local guidelines and policies to monitor the rational use of blood and blood component.
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Toprak, M., I. M. Asuzu, G. Morvillo, F. Kiran, B. Chae, D. S. Desai, and L. M. Opitz. "Identification of Wasted Blood Products at Staten Island University Hospital in 2020 and Institutional Efforts to Reduce Wastage." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 156, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): S156—S157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.334.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective Blood products are precious resources obtained from donors who donate with the intention to help people. These blood products however do not always go to the patients, instead sometimes ending up in the waste. It is inevitable to have some degree of the wastage due to limited blood product shelf life, the inherent need to have stock on hand at all times, and the often unpredictable demand of these products. However, it is possible to minimize the wastage of blood products with careful management of inventories, proper documentation, and education1. In this study, we aim to identify the amount and cost of wasted blood products at Staten Island University Hospital in 2020, the reasons behind the wastage, and solutions to reduce the wastage. Methods/Case Report A retrospective statistical analysis of blood product waste data in 2020 was performed manually with Microsoft Excel. Wastage rate and average cost was calculated, the reasons behind the wastage were identified, and low cost interventions to reduce wastage were planned. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Total number of the wasted blood product is 425 which represents 3.8% of the total inventory at a total cost of $ 97,309.46 which does not include the hours spend by the lab personnel for the wasted products. The most wasted blood component is fresh frozen plasma (FFP) (Table 1). Thawing the frozen blood products (FFP and cryoprecipitate) significantly shortens the shelf life and triggers a lot of wastage through expiration (Table 2). 32.5 % of the wasted products are wasted due to expiration on the shelf (Diagram 1). Other reasons for the wastage includes patient unreadiness, patient refusal, late return of unused products etc. (Graph 1). Conclusion Educating clinical and laboratory team members about the reasons for wasted blood products and strategies to reduce it might significantly reduce the wastage. Appropriate activation and immediate deactivation of massive transfusion protocol (MTP) would be one of the most important aspect of this education. Expired thawed blood product is the largest contributor to wastage, and MTP is the main reason for thawing. Preventing unnecessary MTP activation minimizes over-thawing and therefore minimizes the expiration and wastage. Documentation of the wasted blood product should be improved to better identify the reasons behind wastage.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wastage"

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Arnott, Elizabeth. "Wastage in Livestock Herding Dogs." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18095.

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Working dogs contribute to many human endeavours. However, minimal research exists into Australia’s largest group of working dogs – the livestock herding dog. This knowledge gap exposes the sector to the risks of sub-optimal efficiency, compromised productivity and unacceptable animal welfare outcomes. This thesis aims to address this void by characterising the problem of livestock herding dog wastage and contributing to the incremental process of improving management, selection and breeding practices. Data from a questionnaire completed by 812 livestock herding dog owners on 4,027 dogs revealed that livestock working dogs typically provide a lifelong working contribution valued at approximately A$40,000, representing a 5.2-fold return on investment. At least 20% of livestock herding dogs are culled prematurely from work. Behavioural causes were cited for 89% of these failures. Management and owner characteristics associated with failure rates included; acquisition practices, housing methods, training approach, exercise frequency and owner personality and attitude to investment in their dog. To identify traits important to success, a selective sweep analysis comparing the genomic haplotype architecture of working and show Kelpies was undertaken. In the working Kelpie, a selective sweep spanning three megabases on chromosome 3 was identified in the region of genes related to fear-memory formation and pain perception. The Herding Dog Assessment Form - Personality (HDAF-P) was devised to collect behavioural data on herding dogs. Application of the HDAF-P to 261 working Kelpies provided a database of behavioural scores for 17 traits salient to working ability with those correlated most strongly to the owner’s assessment of overall ability being revealed as; initiative (T = 0.42, p < 0.001), intelligence (T = 0.38, p < 0.001), persistence (T = 0.38, p < 0.001), confidence (T=0.37, p < 0.001) and calmness (T=0.32, p < 0.001).
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Nix, Erin Elizabeth. "Effect of swath grazing on forage intake and wastage by ewes." Thesis, Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/nix/NixE0512.pdf.

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Sixty non-pregnant and non-lactating mature white faced ewes (Targhee 65.4 ± 5.84 kg BW in 2010 and Rambouillet 61.9 ± 6.28 kg BW in 2011) were used in a 2-yr study to evaluate intake, forage wastage, and nutrient composition of a pea/barley forage fed either as baled hay in confinement (CONFINEMENT) or swathed and left to graze (GRAZE). Forage DMI was estimated using IVDMD and chromic oxide as an external marker for estimating fecal output. Forage wastage was estimated by sampling and weighing the initial swath, standing, and baled forage, and weighing the forage again after a 7-d collection period, and subtracting the estimated forage DMI. Samples of baled, swathed, and any standing forage were collected in August and October and analyzed for DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and in situ dry matter digestibility (ISDMD). There was no treatment by year interaction (P = 0.56) for BW change and no difference (P = 0.33) between treatments. There was a treatment by year interaction (P = 0.04) for DMI. In 2010, DMI was greater (P = 0.06) by CONFINEMENT ewes compared to GRAZE ewes (2.4 vs 1.7 kg x ewe -&#185; x d -&#185); however, in 2011, DMI did not differ (P = 0.25) between treatments. There was no treatment by year interaction (P > 0.22) for forage wastage either as a percent of beginning available forage or as kilograms of wastage. Although percentage wastage did not differ between treatments (P = 0.23), kilograms of wastage was greater (P = 0.03) for GRAZE than CONFINEMENT. For both years in the swathed forage, ISDMD and OM decreased while NDF and ADF increased. In 2010 CP increased, but in 2011 it remained the same. For both years in the baled forage, CP decreased while ISDMD and NDF increased. In 2010, ADF decreased and OM increased, but in 2011 ADF increased and OM decreased. Although nutrient content was lower in the swath, wastage and animal performance did not differ between the treatments. This research provides a sound biological basis for an economic assessment of using swath grazing in commercial sheep operations.
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West, Lorna Marie. "A mixed methods investigation into aspects of medication wastage in Malta." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1242.

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Reducing medication wastage is a paramount objective in promoting appropriate utilisation of finite resources and preventing negative consequences. The aim of this research was to investigate aspects of medication wastage in Malta by applying mixed methods research and, by doing so, contribute original knowledge to this area. A systematic review was conducted to appraise critically, synthesize and present the available evidence on the possible causative factors associated with medication wastage and the effectiveness of any interventions focusing on wastage reduction as an outcome measure. Findings indicated that only one published paper reported a definition of medication wastage. The main factors contributing to wastage were ‘change in medication’, ‘patient's death’, ‘resolution of patient's condition’ and ‘passed expiry date’. Very few studies reported medication wastage as an outcome measure. The Delphi technique was applied to define ‘medication wastage’ and its contributory factors in the context of the Maltese population. A definition for medication wastage was generated with 86% of panellists agreeing/totally agreeing and sixty-one possible factors leading to wastage were identified by the panellists. The perspectives of the Maltese population, healthcare professionals and students on medication wastage were investigated through cross-sectional surveys. Results of questionnaires indicate lack of patient education and knowledge with the free healthcare system and the overstocking of medication by patients due to previous or potential out of stock situations as contributors to medication wastage. The beliefs and behaviours regarding medication wastage of the Maltese public and healthcare professionals were explored during focus groups. The theoretical domains framework was adopted to design the focus group guide and to interpret systematically the findings. Five key themes emerged which were proposed as solutions to minimise medication wastage: system effects, practitioner effects, patients effects, political effects and awareness and educational effects Research results and findings from all four phases will facilitate the systematic development of strategies and policies, with emphasis on prioritisation, with the aim of minimising medication wastage at all levels.
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Adinda, Akram, August Edström, Johan Isaksson, and Tyson McLeod. "An online marketplace to help reduce the wastage of Swedish wool." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353061.

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Over 1800 metric tons of wool is produced in Sweden on a yearly basis, only 300 is used. This project involved creating an online marketplace where wool producers and the general public alike could turn to regarding the purchasing and selling of Swedish wool, as well as general information regarding wool. The goal of this project was to reduce the wastage along with the negative effects it has on the environment, partially by making it easier to buy and sell wool, but also by tackling surrounding problems such as localization and subjectivity when selling. To further understand the wastage, but also wool and its properties, multiple contextual inquiries were conducted alongside a survey. The result is a marketplace, more specifically, a web application, which consists of a section to buy wool and a section to sell wool. Furthermore, the web application also consists of a section with general information regarding Swedish wool and a map showing wool nearby.
Det produceras över 1800 ton ull i Sverige varje år, endast 300 används. Detta projektarbete bestod av att skapa en webbtjänst i form av en köp- och säljmarknad som underlättar den svenska ullhandeln, samt sprider information angående svinnet. Själva köp- och säljmarknaden består av ett flertal sektioner. Tjänsten är utformad utifrån resultat av kontextuella undersökningar samt enkäter som bidrar till en mer användarvänlig upplevelse. På marknadsplatsen finner man bland annat en karta som illusterar för användaren var ull finns tillgängligt. Det övergripande målet med projektarbetet var att minska svinnet av svensk ull samt dess negativa effekter på miljön. Detta genom att underlätta handeln av lokalproducerad ull samt förebygga problem som den subjektivitet som kan uppstå vid försäljning, vilket i sig kan ses som en följd av avsaknaden av ett klassificeringssystem. Projektet resulterade i en väl fungerande webbtjänst med stöd för handel av ull.
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Johnes, J. "University performance indicators." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233998.

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Harissis, K. "Staff turnover and wastage in the personal social services : A statistical approach." Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372767.

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Leek, Viktor. "Reduction of wastage costs for products with short shelf life : A case study on the Swedish division of the global dairy company Arla Foods." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98554.

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Background – inventory management theory has in the past been focused on traditional engineering industries. These theories are not completely applicable on industries such as FMCG where the main objective is to avoid obsolescence and not tied-up capital. A part of the FMCG industry that is especially pressured by short shelf lives is the food industry. The food industry has also the disadvantage that the customers demand instant deliveries, which makes production to order impossible. Arla Foods is a dairy company that is struggling with high and increasing wastage costs. The wastage cost is generated from products where last sales date is exceeded and Arla Foods CSE therefore has to trash the products even if the best-before date is still valid. These costs need to be reduced on both short and long term. Hence Arla Foods is perfect as a case company for this study. Purpose – the ulterior purpose of this study is to seek if the current theory is applicable on the food industry. This is investigated through a case study at Arla Foods with the following questions asked: Which factors drives wastage costs at a global dairy company such as Arla Foods? How do the factors relate to each other? Which actions could be taken to reduce the wastage costs at a global dairy company such as Arla Foods? To what extent could these findings be generalizable? Method – a thorough literature study is conducted to create an understanding of the existing theories. The case study is mainly based on interviews and observations with employees at Arla Foods. Data has been extracted from internal data bases and processed to complement the interviews and observations. Conclusion – the case company showed that the most significant wastage drivers on an article level were forecast deviations and batch size/delivery frequency. However, the main wastage drivers at Arla Foods were nothing that could be found in neither supply chain management nor inventory management theory – this was instead problems related to work process, organization, communication and strategy. Suggested solutions to these problems are among others: Going through the worst performing articles’ set-up in a structured way. Making sure that there exists a clear process and that all employees are educated in it. Having a back-up plan on what to do with excessive inventory. Using follow-up reports as tools to take action from. When these problems have been solved, Arla Foods can instead focus on planning principles such as taking steps towards a more integrated collaboration with their customers via Efficient Consumer Response. The findings are not proved to be general in any way, but the conclusion of the report still states that there is a high probability that these findings could be applied on other companies within the food industry in general and within the dairy industry in specific. If this is the case, then it is shown that the current theory lacks several aspects when it comes to food industry – aspects that maybe do not have the same importance within most of the traditional engineering industries. Originality – the literature review conducted before the case study did not show any other case study or research that has made an equally broad overview. Earlier studies have mainly been focused on that the food industry is in need of customized planning principles and systems. That research has in the end advocated implementation of Efficient Consumer Response or similar.
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Grover, I. "Universal Primary Education as innovation : a study of wastage in an Indian village." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019586/.

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Zhao, Chenxu. "Exploring kitchen preparation food wastage in Chinese hotels using the Theory of Planned Behaviour." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2233.

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As effect on the environment, society and economy have been recognised throughout past decades, the damage associated with food waste and loss behaviour is becoming more prevalent globally. How and the extent to which food supply chain sectors (i.e. those sectors more likely to generate food waste) voluntarily generate food waste comprise an area of concern among the public and scholars. In China, major problems around food waste have arisen due to third industry growth. Environmental sustainability and social responsibility are no longer international obligations, but instead a domestic demand for China. This study will enhance understanding of a significant food waste issue in arguably the world’s most vibrant hospitality industry. This thesis contributes to the literature in several ways. First, this research was undertaken to uncover the types and extent of food waste across the food supply chain, namely agriculture, postharvest, processing, distribution, and consumption. This study focuses primarily on food wastage associated with food consumption in the hospitality industry. In previous studies, food wastage behaviour and prevention household food waste, were examined using the theory of planned behaviour; therefore, this theory was applied in the present study to examine customers’ behaviour towards food waste. This study identified four predictor variables based on the theory of planned behaviour derived from - respondent interviews: attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control (PBC), and past behaviour. This study aimed to explore the reasons behind the generation of hospitality food waste during food preparation in China’s hotel restaurants industry. In addition, characteristics of individuals who voluntarily generated food waste in households and the hospitality industry were examined as revealed in prior studies. Thirty interviews were conducted to understand hotel employees’ behavioural beliefs (attitudes), normative beliefs (subjective norms), control beliefs (PBC), and past behaviour towards food waste. Thirty respondents were selected from different tiers of hotel restaurants, and content-based interviews were conducted in 2018. The theory of planned behaviour was applied as a framework to reveal individuals’ rationale behind food wastage. To accomplish the aim of this study, descriptive statistics were used to determine the types, extent, and reasons behind food preparation waste. Findings related to food wastage indicated that although kitchen employees occasionally generated unavoidable food preparation wastage due to kitchen standards and managers’ orders, food waste was also generated relatively easily for other reasons. Chinese hospitality restaurants were found to be more likely to overlook environmental sustainability. An analysis of food preparation wastage revealed that most predictor variables from the theory of planned behaviour could explain why food waste is generated in the hospitality industry. Findings suggested that employees’ rational attitudes, the moral perspective, and reuse and recycling applications were major reasons behind food wastage generated in the kitchen preparation stage. Furthermore, managers were found to be significant factors, whereas guests were potentially significant. Results from interview analysis indicated that individual factors in food waste generation were slightly more significant than kitchen processing standards defined by kitchen managers. Interestingly, all respondents, especially older employees, indicated that emotion was a direct element of food wastage during kitchen preparation processing. If an employee could not control his or her negative emotions, then the amount of food waste generated increased. In addition, less professionalism, lack of daily purchase plan, heavy workload, poor ingredient quality, individuals’ ethical standards and incorrect processing methods were identifies as the most significant predictors of employees’ behaviour. On the basis of the theory of planned behaviour, several individual factors that caused food waste in Chinese hospitality restaurant industry were analyzed. Predictor variables appeared to exert similar environmental and social influences across industries.
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Kotecha, Mehul. "Of precipices and tightropes : the interaction between nurse learner wastage/persistence, institutional integration and identity." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312606.

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Since the 1980s, pre-registration nurse education has undergone dramatic changes that have led to the creation of a new course - Project 2000 - and its delivery within the Higher Education sector. Very little written during this period has addressed the issue of nurse learner wastage/persistence. The literature on nurse learner wastage/persistence prior to this period has tended to be largely atheoretical in nature. One of the chief objectives of this study was to produce a much more complex picture of wastage/persistence. This involved the building of a theoretical framework designed to explore one aspect of voluntary wastage - the interaction between integration and wastage/persistence, and which could capture the complexity of the phenomenon by taking into account the interaction between the individual and the institution within the process of wastage/persistence. This study draws on Tinto's (1975) Student Integration Model, which identified the learners' integration into an institution to be one of the critical factors in understanding the wastage/persistence of learners, as well as on some of the studies within the area of nurse learner wastage/persistence which have examined the role of a learner's identity in the wastage/persistence process. Accordingly, this study defined integration in terms of how well a learner has adopted the identity/ies afforded to them by the institution. Finally, drawing inspiration from Foucault (1988, 1990,1991), this study re-conceptualised identity in terms of the concept of subjectivity and defined integration in terms of how well the learner was able to subscribe to the discourses (and the subject positions that these made available) that constituted the given institution. A multiple case study was carried out that focused on leavers and stayers in the first year of a Project 2000 course in three particular cohorts within a particular institution. A modified version of discourse analysis, referred to as MODA (Meaning Orientated Discourse Analysis), was used. Two major discourses were identified which offered the learner a number of contradictory subject positions regarding what it means to be a learner and a nurse - the 'autonomous' and the 'apprentice' discourse. It was found that stayers were those most able to manage these contradictory subject positions offered by these discourses. This meant that they were more playful in their discursive reading patterns than leavers. This playfulness implied they were not only doing a lot more with these discourses, but that that the nature of what they were doing enabled them to accept and embrace the contradictory notions of what it means to be a learner and a nurse existing in the institution. The stayers' management of discourses was a reflection of the high level of integration that they had achieved within a institution that is riddled with two incommensurable discourses which offer competing definitions of what it means to be a nurse and a learner.
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Books on the topic "Wastage"

1

Forbes, Andrew. Understanding wastage. Brighton: Institute of Manpower Studies, 1985.

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Unnatural wastage. Surrey, Eng: Severn House, 2012.

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Tedesco, Juan Carlos. Illiteracy and educational wastage in Latin America. Geneva: International Bureau ofEducation, 1990.

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Sagawa, Jessie. Wastage of girls in secondary schools in Malawi. [Malawi: s.n., 1991.

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Institute of Applied Manpower Research (India), ed. Student wastage in professional and technical education (engineering). New Delhi: Institute of Applied Manpower Research, 1988.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Mitigation of food wastage: Societal costs and benefits. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014.

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Food wastage footprint full-cost accounting: Final report. Rome: Food Wastage Footprint, 2014.

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Sikander, Brohi, ed. Indus flow downstream Kotri Barrage need or wastage? Karachi: Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science & Technology Center for Information & Research, 2003.

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Tropical Development and Research Institute., Centre d'étude et d'action sociales maritimes., and Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation., eds. Evaluation of fish wastage in West Africa: A report. London: TDRI, 1986.

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Bansil, P. C. Feed, seed, and wastage rates in foodgrains: A regional study. New Delhi: Techno Economic Research Institute, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wastage"

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Jones, Capers. "Wastage." In Software Development Patterns and Antipatterns, 47–65. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003193128-3.

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Barry, Jon, Keith Soothill, and Catherine Williams. "Managing nurse wastage." In Themes and Perspectives in Nursing, 261–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4435-1_16.

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Sampaio, Altino M., and Jorge G. Barbosa. "Avoiding Resource Wastage." In High Performance Computing in Clouds, 213–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29769-4_11.

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Verma, Meera. "Food Wastage—Energy Wasted." In SpringerBriefs in Food, Health, and Nutrition, 23–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16781-7_4.

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Boué, André, Joëlle Boué, and Alfred Gropp. "Cytogenetics of Pregnancy Wastage." In Advances in Human Genetics 14, 1–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9400-0_1.

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De, Arnab, Rituparna Bose, Ajeet Kumar, and Subho Mozumdar. "Food Contamination and Wastage by Insects." In SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science, 11–13. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1689-6_4.

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Williams, Catherine, Keith Soothill, and Jon Barry. "Nursing wastage from the nurses’ perspective." In Themes and Perspectives in Nursing, 214–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4435-1_13.

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Chen, Shijun, Jiying Xu, Aiying Rong, and Weigang Zhou. "Optimal Rectangle Packing to Minimize Wastage." In Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Resource Sustainability: Sustainable Urbanisation in the BRI Era (icRS Urbanisation 2020), 237–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9605-6_18.

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Burd, Andrew, and Lin Huang. "A Massive Wastage of the Global Resources." In Regenerative Medicine Using Pregnancy-Specific Biological Substances, 3–8. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-718-9_1.

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Everett, Bob. "Saving Energy — How to Cut Energy Wastage." In Sustainable Energy, 108–34. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230378384_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wastage"

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Gunawardane, M. D. C. J., H. A. N. Pushpakumara, E. N. M. R. L. Navarathne, Shashika Lokuliyana, K. T. I. Kelaniyage, and Narmadha Gamage. "Zero Food Waste: Food wastage sustaining mobile application." In 2019 International Conference on Advancements in Computing (ICAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icac49085.2019.9103370.

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Albert, Saronroy, and A. Duraiarasan. "Augmented wastage remover [AWARE]." In 2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2013.6713701.

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Sirisha, B. Lakshmi, Singari Amrutha, Manikala Venkateswaramma, and Prasanthi Lanka. "Wastage Collector using Arduino UNO." In 2023 3rd International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimia60377.2023.10426334.

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Sathyanarayanan, R. S., R. Amirtharajan, and Padmapriya Pravinkumar. "Waste management system - A wastage classifier using DeepLearning with IoT." In 2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccci56745.2023.10128644.

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Medland, Richard. "Curbing paper wastage using flavoured feedback." In the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1952222.1952270.

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Middleton, W. "Reducing wastage in university engineering programmes." In Third Conference on Engineering Education - Access, Retention and Standards. IEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20030220.

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Korthikanti, Vijay Anand, and Gul Agha. "Avoiding energy wastage in parallel applications." In 2010 International Conference on Green Computing (Green Comp). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/greencomp.2010.5598314.

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Hajjdiab, Hassan, Ayesha Anzer, Hadeel A. Tabaza, and Wedad Ahmed. "A Food Wastage Reduction Mobile Application." In 2018 6th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud Workshops (FiCloudW). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/w-ficloud.2018.00030.

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Manjunath, Pavan, and Pritam Gajkumar Shah. "IoT Based Food Wastage Management System." In 2019 Third International conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-smac47947.2019.9032553.

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Thuanboon, Swieng, David S. Tordonato, William Navidi, David L. Olson, Brajendra Mishra, and Ge Wang. "A Statistical Analysis of Corrosion Wastage of Transverse Members in Single Hull Tankers." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92665.

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Corrosion wastage of structural members in oil tankers over the time causes variability in structural properties. Corrosion is a function of many variables and uncertainties, such as the types of corrosion protection systems used, types of cargo, temperature, humidity, etc. The traditional engineering and analysis, which uses simplified deterministic approaches to account for this time-dependent reliability or risk of aging ship structure, is not suitable. This investigation explores the use of statistical analysis approaches to predict corrosion wastage in oil carrying tankers. Corrosion wastage measurements from transverse members of 115 oil tankers were collected to add to an extensive corrosion wastage database. Lognormal function was found to best fit the collected data when compared to other methods, such as the Weibull function. Linear regression in the form of three mathematical models of corrosion wastage, developed by considering age of ship, coating life, and the location of the transverse members, is used to indicate the relationship between corrosion wastage and age of ship. Corrosion rates were determined by the derivatives of the corrosion wastage. The results show that corrosion wastage may accelerate after twenty years of service. It is expected that the study will help identify which structural members may be more susceptible to corrosion wastage and require more frequent inspection.
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Reports on the topic "Wastage"

1

Razbin, V. V., and F. D. Friedrich. Tube wastage in FBC boilers at Summerside - causes and resolution. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304364.

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Aagesen Jr, Larry, and Chao Jiang. A physics-based model of cladding wastage layer formation rate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1892317.

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Lyczkowski, R. W., W. F. Podolski, J. X. Bouillard, and S. M. Folga. Metal wastage design guidelines for bubbling fluidized-bed combustors. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10108126.

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Witherell, C. E. Tubing wastage in fluidized-bed coal combustors (TVA, 20 megawatt AFBC Pilot Plant). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5881048.

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Kung, Steven, and Robert Rapp. Development of Computational Capabilities to Predict the Corrosion Wastage of Boiler Tubes in Advanced Combustion Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165184.

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Witherell, C. Tubing wastage in fluidized-bed coal combustors (Grimethorpe PFBC (pressurized fluidized-bed combustion) Tube Bank E''). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5452179.

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Witherell, C. E. Tubing wastage in fluidized-bed coal combustors (TVA, 20 megawatt AFBC (Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion) pilot plant). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5112607.

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Bellany, Ian. Recruitment, Retention, Wastage, and Retirement: Career Patterns in the Officer Corps of the British Armed Services 1970-82. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada296252.

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Meier, M. (Reduce uncertainty in projection of future sea-level change due to ice wastage): Progress report, August 1988--April 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6281188.

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Kegel, W. Second-generation pressurized fluidized bed combustion plant: Phase 1, Task 2 topical report: Grimethorpe tube bundle E'' wastage evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6990942.

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