Relevant bibliographies by topics / Washermen

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Washermen'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 March 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Washermen"

1

P, Nithya Priya Meena. "The Condition of the Washermen who do the laundry as shown ‘Koveru kazhuthaigal (Mules)’." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 4 (October 12, 2022): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22420.

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Human beings are rational in God's creation. In the early years, the occupations which were divided among themselves separately for the betterment of man are later divided on the basis of class. Thereafter, they create caste and divide certain castes into lower castes and other castes into upper castes. In a town where all the people live together, the last street is named colony street, where the lower caste people are excluded. These lower caste people are not allowed to enter the village freely even for festival-like events. Though there is an economy to buy quality food and clothing, the upper castes do not allow them to buy it. Vannar Kudi (Washermen Colony) is one such divided society. This article explains the condition of the washer people who are engaged in the business of washing.
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M, Thamim Mansoor. "Vannan Livelihood Carried in " Koveru Kazhuthaigal" (Mules)." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-10 (August 10, 2022): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s102.

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Narratives are a literary form that records contemporary events. From time to time, authors record the realities of life through stories in Tamil literature. Especially in the lives of the people of the lower classes, they express external attitudes such as beliefs, customs, rituals, food habits, occupations, and internal attitudes such as love, anger, mercy, happiness, suffering, and poverty through stories. In this regard, writer Imaiyam has written novels like Sedal, Arumugam, En Kathe and short stories like Manbaram, Video Mariyamman, Kolacheval, Saavuu Soru, Narumanam, etc. Another of his novels, "Mules", chronicles the lives of Vannan (Washermen) people. This article presents some of its parts. The daily events, problems, speech patterns, diet, occupations, marriage events, death rituals, festivals, proverbs they follow in practice, and omens spoken in front of them are explored in this article based on this novel.
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Atkins, Keletso E. "Origins of the AmaWasha: the Zulu Washermen's Guild in Natal, 1850–1910." Journal of African History 27, no. 1 (March 1986): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700029194.

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Research into the perspectives of both worker and consumer has shown the social history of Zulu washermen to be far more complex than was previously thought. Viewed from the standpoint of Zulu men, washing clothes was not a humiliating female task into which they had been coerced by adverse circumstances. Laundering recalled the specialist craft of hide-dressing in which Zulu males engaged as izinyanga, a prestige occupation that paid handsomely. These astute tradesmen, a number of whom may have come from artisanal families, recognized they could play a crucial role in the European household economy. ‘Craft conscious’, building on indigenous institutions and customs, they combined not merely to secure their position and bar entry into ‘the trade’, but also to impose standards of wages and regulate the labour given by the younger men. In this manner they became one, if not indeed the most, powerful group of African workmen in nineteenth-century Natal.The social history of the AmaWasha guild compels a re-evaluation of notions regarding openness to change in traditional societies; indeed, it underscores their capacity for innovation. Moreover, it has a fundamental bearing on the structural nature and patterns of resistance of early black working populations in South Africa. This study indicates that there were intimate historical links between precolonial artisanal associations and subsequent worker organizations, activities and consciousness.
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Manta, Faisal, Doddy Suanggana, Andre Amba Matarru, Muhammad Ilham Yusnin, Dinda Achmad Feridiansyah, Sony Doran Febriawan, Rafly Amanda, Faradhila Arham Hagan, and Saut Hamonangan Mangunsong. "Pengelolaan Bank Sampah dan Pembuatan Pupuk Kompos di Kelurahan Baru ilir Kecamatan Balikpapan Barat." Abdimas Universal 4, no. 2 (September 5, 2022): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36277/abdimasuniversal.v4i2.239.

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The waste bank management program aims to help the residents' economy and maintain environmental cleanliness by processing waste in the environment. The improvement of the residents' economy is done by selling inorganic/plastic waste that has economic value and converting organic waste into compost. Because of this background, the waste bank program was chosen as a community service activity for 2022 ITK by considering the appropriate location and partners. RT 56 Kelurahan Baru Ilir, West Balikpapan District is a densely populated area with the majority of its residents making seasonal livelihoods such as washermen and construction workers, so with the aim of helping the residents' economy, we decided to make RT 56 a partner for the waste bank program. The waste bank program is implemented in stages, namely coordination with the local government, socialization, waste collection, waste weighing, recording, selling waste and payments to customers. The processing of organic waste consists of refining organic waste, mixing in composting, ripening, harvesting compost. The Waste Bank program was implemented for 3 months, namely in March-May 2022 and obtained 23 customers with total customer funds reaching Rp564,324.00. The organic waste treatment program is carried out by making a composting prototype made from drums that is able to reduce the unpleasant odor produced during the composting process, so that in 1 month, ready-to-use organic fertilizer can be produced.
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Kakavoyannis, Evangelos. "The silver ore-processing workshops of the Lavrion region." Annual of the British School at Athens 96 (November 2001): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400005335.

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The development in the Classical period of washeries where the crude ores were processed for smelting marked a big step forward in Athenian silver production, since they made it possible to exploit the hitherto unusable poorest argentiferous deposits. The discovery and excavation of the washeries and ergasteria have illuminated the technological advance from the pre-Classical two-phase to the Classical three-phase system. The earliest washeries were located perforce close to natural water sources, but when these became inadequate for the growing needs of the industry, ergasteria were built which, in addition to a washery, had a cistern to collect recyclable rainwater, and could thus be located close to the ore sources. Small communities in which the personnel lived and died grew up around them.
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Gupta, R. K., and G. Singh. "Water pollution profile of coal washeries." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (May 1996): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)88393-7.

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Rajendran, Sripriya, M. Narasimha, A. Dutta, M. K. Sinha, and Arun Misra. "Modelling of feed distributor at coal washeries." International Journal of Mineral Processing 81, no. 3 (December 2006): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2006.08.008.

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Photos-Jones, E., and J. Ellis Jones. "The building and industrial remains at Agrileza, Laurion (fourth century BC) and their contribution to the workings at the site." Annual of the British School at Athens 89 (November 1994): 307–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015446.

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A detailed programme of sample collection and laboratory analysis was undertaken at Agrileza, an ore-dressing installation in the Laurion. The site consists of three compounds with associated washeries (Agrileza A, B, and C), some excavated partially, others in full, in the late 1970s and early 1980s and dating to the last quarter of the 4th cent. BC. The particular functions of some of the rooms in compound C are tentatively put forward. The main part of the paper is concerned with the nature, composition, and particle size distribution of the tailings recovered both from washeries A and C and from elsewhere in compound C. The silver-to-lead ratios and particle size distribution of the tailings may suggest that the series of basins and channels making up each washery served not merely as a water purification device, but as a means of trapping ore that had escaped the first washing, for the purpose of dressing it further.
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Nakamura, Kelli Y. "Issei Women and Work: Washerwomen, Prostitutes, Midwives, and Barbers." Hawaiian Journal of History 49, no. 1 (2015): 119–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hjh.2015.0011.

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Ghose, M. K. "Sustainable supplies of water for coal washeries in India." Science of The Total Environment 229, no. 3 (May 1999): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00073-x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Washermen"

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Poquet, Eugénie. "Linge propre et linge sale en Égypte ancienne : les blanchisseurs de la Terre Noire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILH049.

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Garants de la propreté en contact permanent avec la saleté, les blanchisseurs occupaient une position équivoque dans l'imaginaire des anciens Égyptiens : peu enviable d'après la Satire des métiers, elle pouvait être source de joie et d'allégresse d'après la poésie amoureuse. L'étude vise la définition la plus précise possible de ces professionnels à travers différentes approches. D'abord, l'examen du vocabulaire égyptien depuis les plus anciennes attestations à l'Ancien Empire jusqu'aux exemples plus récents de la fin de la Période ptolémaïque, tant en hiéroglyphe qu'en hiératique et en démotique, permet de mettre en valeur l'évolution du terme principal qui permettait de désigner ces travailleurs, le titre de rekhty (rḫty). D'un idéogramme complexe figurant un homme lavant un tissu, en passant par deux oiseaux, résumés progressivement à leur tête jusqu'à ne plus ressembler qu'à deux cornes, l'écriture de ce substantif permet de suivre la simplification progressive et la rapidité du geste des scribes. Une fois établi l'ensemble du vocabulaire étudié et présenté la répartition spatio-temporelle des occurrences conservées, la recherche vise ensuite à déterminer le plus concrètement possible les différentes tâches dont ces professionnels étaient chargés à travers une présentation de la chaîne opératoire de l'entretien du linge. Examinant les sources iconographiques, la discussion analyse chacune des étapes depuis la livraison du linge jusqu'à son retour. Si lavage, essorage et séchage paraissent aisément compréhensibles, plusieurs actions complémentaires sont plus difficiles à appréhender et soulèvent des problèmes d'interprétation qui pourraient être liés à une activité tinctoriale. Un chapitre vient compléter cette réflexion en revenant sur les moyens matériels dont disposaient les blanchisseurs pour réaliser leurs opérations : textiles, outils et produits. La réflexion s'élargit ensuite en quittant le domaine du lavage à proprement parler pour mettre en perspective ces travailleurs dans le cadre général de l'Égypte ancienne. Différentes thématiques sont alors abordées parmi lesquelles celles des cadres administratifs pour lesquels ces hommes exerçaient leur métier, des considérations hiérarchiques, de l'organisation en équipe, du genre, de la temporalité de l'entretien du linge ou encore de la rétribution et des coûts de la profession. L'ensemble se conclut sur une ouverture autour des notions de saleté et de propreté des textiles. Les blanchisseurs s'arrêtent ainsi aux portes du temenos, avant que l'étoffe ne soit transmise aux mains des prêtres et n'intègre un univers dans lequel elle dépasse sa propre matérialité pour devenir l'un des instruments de l'établissement de la pureté rituelle
Protectors of cleanliness in permanent contact with dirt, the washermen were in a somewhat ambiguous position in the Ancient Egyptians' minds: undesirable, according to the Satire of the Trades, but delightful according to love songs. This study aims at defining these professionals as precisely as possible through various approaches. Firstly, an investigation of Egyptian vocabulary, from the earliest attestations of the Old Kingdom to the more recent examples of the Ptolemaic Period, in hieroglyphic, hieratic and demotic, highlights the evolution of the main term used to designate these workers, the title of rekhty (rḫty). From a complex ideogram depicting a man washing a cloth, to two birds, gradually reduced to their head until they resemble no more than two horns, the writing of this noun allows us to follow the gradual simplification and rapidity of the scribes' gestures. Following the study of the vocabulary and a presentation of the spatial and temporal distribution of the occurrences preserved, the research continues with a second chapter aiming at determining as concretely as possible the various tasks these professionals were responsible for, through a presentation of the “chaîne opératoire” of laundry care. Using iconographic sources, each of the stages, from the delivery of the linen to its return, is discussed. While washing, wringing out and drying are easy to understand, several complementary actions are more difficult to grasp and subject to different interpretations maybe linked with dyeing practice. Another chapter completes this overview by looking at the material resources available to the launderers to carry out their operations: textiles, tools and products. The discussion then expands, leaving the field of washing to put these workers into more perspective by considering them in the broader frame of ancient Egypt. Various topics are then addressed, including the administrative frameworks in which these workers were employed, hierarchical considerations, team organization, gender issue, difficulties related to the temporality of linen care, and question of the remuneration and costs of this profession. The work ends with a discussion about dirtiness and cleanliness of textiles. The launderers thus stop at the gates of the temenos, before the linen is handed over to the priests and enters a world in which it transcends its own materiality to become one of the instruments used to establish ritual purity
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Hareesh, Kolli. "Water Quality Analysis in Coal Washeries." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/7154/1/Water_Hareesh_2015.pdf.

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Water is the most important element of eco-system and it is thus imperative to determine and mitigate the effects of mining operation on the same. Also, contaminated water has adverse physiological effects on human being and other animals. For this, it is important to identify the critical parameters in the water sample which is the scope of the study. Therefore an attempt made to analyze the characteristics of the effluent that comes from the three coking coal washeries of Central Coal fields Limited in certain Kedla Coal washery, Rajrappa Coal washery and Kargali Coal washery in Jharkhand state, India. For this study, raw water or the intake water to the washery, fine coal jig water, coarse coal jig water and slurry lake water were collected from the three washeries. Parameters illustrated in Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) Schedule VI Indian principles (2006) were determined along with the sodium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, calcium in the washery effluent samples. The pH is observed to be decreased in the process water. The concentrations of major elements in coal—Na, K, Ca and Mg were found to be higher in process water than in raw water indicating that these elements are transferred from coal to the water in washeries. However, only in the case of Mn, the stipulated limit of the effluent standard was exceeded. Trace elements like As, Se, Cd, though found to be present in coal, were absent in the process water indicating that these elements are not released by coal during washing
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Nayak, Pulack Ranjan. "Assessment of Water Quality of Different Coal Washeries." Thesis, 2016. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/8307/1/2016_BT_112MN0438_Assessment_of_water.pdf.

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Indian coals are believed to be of drift origin and so it is necessary to wash in washery. A huge quantity of water is required in coal washing. A plant with a capacity of 100 tons of coal/h would require in the course of 8h shift from 600,000 to 2,000,000 gallons of water. This feed water in the working process comes out from the coal preparation plant in the form of effluents, containing the dirty minerals and impurities associated with the raw coal.For this water quality analysis was conducted out in three washeries -Balanda coal washery, Talcher, Ib valley coal washery, Jharsuguda and Himgir coal washery, Sundergarh. The project was carried out with the following objectives: To assess the water quality of different samples from three coal washeries. Compare the analyzed characteristics of water samples with Indian Standards.Water samples were gathered from three coal washeries which are Balanda coal washery, Talcher, Ib Valley Coal Washery (Samleshwari), Jharsuguda, Himgir coal washery, Sundergarh of Mahanadi Coalfields Ltd (MCL). Based on the Water quality analysis the following conclusions were made: In this present work, water samples were gathered from three coal washeries namely Balanda coal washery, Talcher, Ib Valley Coal Washery (Samleshwari), Jharsuguda, Himgir coal washery, Sundergarh of Mahanadi Coalfields Ltd (MCL) analysed for 17 water quality parameters using procedure of APHA,1998. Based on the water quality analysis the following conclusions were made:In Balanda coal washery, Talcher all the water samples were examined and found that the pH of S2, S3 and S4 had a quite low pH which is acidic and tends to be corrosive but the pH of S4 was within the permissible limit. MOEF Schedule VI Indian Standard (2006) indicates that it ought to be inside 5.5-9.0..Also the water samples S1, S2, S3 and S4 (108 to 184 NTU) had turbidity beyond the permissible limit.MOEF Schedule VI Indian Standard (2006) indicates that it ought to be inside 10 NTU
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Books on the topic "Washermen"

1

ill, Blake Quentin, ed. The wild washerwomen. Minneapolis: Andersen Press USA, 2009.

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Froese, Deborah L. The wise washerman: A folktale from Burma. New York, N.Y: Hyperion Books for Children, 1996.

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Bartlett, Pam. The wild washerwomen: Investigations and activities. Birmingham: Curriculum Support Mathematics Team, 1986.

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Yeoman, John. The wild washerwomen: A new folk tale. New York: Crown Publishers, 1986.

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Yeoman, John. The wild washerwomen: A new folk tale. New York: Crown Publishers, 1986.

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India. Parliament. Committee on Public Undertakings. Central Coal Washeries Organisation, Ministry of Steel, Mines, and Coal, Department of Coal: Action taken by government on the recommendations contained in the 87th report of the Committee on Public Undertakings (Seventh Lok Sabha). New Delhi: Lok Sabha Secretariat, 1985.

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Washermen. Independently Published, 2020.

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Froese, Deborah. The Wise Washerman. Hyperion Press, 1996.

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Yeoman, John. Wild Washerwomen. Lerner Publishing Group, 2010.

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Singh, Rupi. The Tiger, Rabbit and Washerman. Educational Publishing House, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Washermen"

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Maji, S. C., and U. S. Chattopadhyay. "Beneficiation of Coking Coal Fines Lying in the Waste Settling Ponds of Washeries to Reduce Environmental Pollution." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 229–37. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6024-4_16.

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Spinney, Erin Elizabeth. "The Women of Haslar and Plymouth: Washerwomen, Nurses, and the Work of Creating a Healing Medical Environment." In Military Healthcare and the Early Modern State, 1660-1830, 75–90. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2025. https://doi.org/10.14220/9783737017916.75.

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Shattock, Joanne, Elisabeth Jay, Valerie Sanders, Joanne Shattock, and Joanne Wilkes. "Correspondence. A Commentary in an Easy-Chair: The Skilled And The Unskilled - Washerwomen And Rag-Pickers - Scamping Work." In The Selected Works of Margaret Oliphant, Part II Volume 5, 325–28. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003513186-49.

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"washerman, n." In Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/1202038715.

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Podany, Amanda H. "Gardeners, Artisans, and a Centenarian Priestess." In Weavers, Scribes, and Kings, 479—C19.P96. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190059040.003.0019.

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Abstract This chapter includes some political history of the late Neo-Assyrian empire and the Neo-Babylonian empire, along with profiles of workers who helped maintain the economy and society of these states. Politically, the chapter includes a short biography of Ashurbanipal, including his literacy; his library; his conflicts with Elam, Babylonia, and the Arabs; his rivalry and wars against his brother, king Shamash-shumu-ukin of Babylon; and his victory in those wars. It also discusses the reasons for the collapse of the Neo-Assyrian empire; Nebuchadnezzar II’s program to rebuild Babylon, his conquests of Judah in 597 and 587 bce, and the deportation of Judeans to Babylon. Their king Jehoiakin was provided with rations by the Babylonian palace. Profiles of workers include a Se’-idri, a gardener in Harran, whose family grew grapes for wine. The life expectancy, family size, and diet of gardeners are discussed. Weavers, goldsmiths, washermen, and perfume-makers provided products and services to elites in both Assyria and Babylon; their products, expertise, pay, and working conditions are detailed. Running through the chapter are events in the life of Adad-guppi, a priestess of the moon god from Harran who lived to be 102 years old, and whose son, Nabonidus, eventually became king of Babylon. She longed for the Sin temple in Harran to be rebuilt after it was destroyed in 609, and dedicated her life to this cause. Both she and Nabonidus believed that he became king because Sin had willed it. When she died, she received an elaborate funeral.
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"CHAPTER 2. Soap and Washerwomen." In The Culture of Cleanliness in Renaissance Italy, 95–143. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501726842-005.

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"At the River of Washerwomen." In Thiefing Sugar, 136–68. Duke University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9780822393061-005.

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"At the River of Washerwomen:." In Thiefing Sugar, 136–68. Duke University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11cw9rw.8.

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Smiley, Erica, and Sarita Gupta. "Workplace Democracy does not happen by Accident." In The Future We Need, 20–35. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501764813.003.0003.

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This chapter looks at the collective bargaining's history in order to show its important role in the national life, including how and why access to collective bargaining in some arenas today are enjoyed. It discusses what experience says about how the benefits of collective bargaining can be spread more widely. It also covers the story of the Black washerwomen of Atlanta who organized themselves during the 1880s. The movement of the Black washerwomen and other pioneering efforts were crucial building blocks in the foundation that would go on to support the institutions of organized labor that would later help codify the practices of organizing and collective bargaining in the United States. The chapter talks about how the movements illustrate the core truth that the right to organize and demand collective bargaining is not established by benevolent government officials or forward-thinking employers.
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"Petition of the Colored Washerwomen of Jackson, Mississippi (1866)." In African American Studies Center. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.34059.

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