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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Honoré, Antoine. "Machine Learning for Neonatal Early Warning Signs." Thesis, KTH, Teknisk informationsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208996.

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Cardio-respiratory dysfunction, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis are responsible for a large numberof deaths in the neonatal population. Despite ecient monitoring and screening in Intensive CareUnits, diagnosis prior to clinical symptoms remains a dicult task. Based on Heart Rate Monitoring,the state-of-the-art HeRO system indicates the risk for sepsis and has already proven its ability toreduce mortality in the neonatal ICU. Recent studies have shown that a particular respiratory behaviorknown as ABD-events, can be used as a physiomarker for sepsis and is therefore an early warningsign. Detecting ABD-events is currently done by simple thresholding techniques. Based on cardiorespiratorydata and hindsight from previous patients, we aim at improving the early warning systemby applying machine learning algorithms. Data with higher frequency than those used in the HeROsystem and biological samples are still to be collected, but still, using low frequency data, we managedto obtain a specicity (true positive) of 70% and a sensitivity (true negative) of 65% on manuallylabeled events. In this report, the theoretical framework is presented along with the practical issuesencountered during the project.
Varje år dör många nyfödda barn i hjärtproblem, sepsis och nekrotiserande enterokolit. Att ställadiagnos innan kliniska symptom är uppenbara är fortfarande mycket svårt, trots effektiv övervakningoch screening inom intensivvården. Med hjälp av kontinuerlig hjärtövervakning med hjälp HeROsystemetkan kan risken för sepsis beräknas. Förekomsten av särskilda förändringar i barnets andningsmönster (apné, bradykardi och desaturation - ABD) kan användas som en tidig fysiomarkörför sepsis och fungerar därför som en varningssignal. I nyligen presenterade studier har detta visatsminska dödligheten på neontalavdelningar. Dessa ABD-händelser har fram till nu upptäckts genomenkel tröskelnivåbedömning. Baserat på hjärt- och andningsövervakningsdata och kunskap om tidigarepatienter, vill vi förbättra detta system för tidiga varningssignaler genom att använda maskininlärningsalgoritmer. Analys av högfrekvensdata och biomarkörer kvarstår att göra, men ävenbaserat på lågfrekvensdata kunde vi uppnå en specificitet på 70% och en sensitivitet på 65%. Dennarapport sammanfattar den teoretiska bakgrunden till analysmetoden och diskuterar praktiska frågorsom identiferats under arbetets gång.
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2

Krull, Kimberly A. "The Effects of Fluorescent Yellow Warning Signs at Hazardous Locations." NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20000629-154305.

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Yellow warning signs are an important and abundant type of traffic control device. Improving warning signs could be a cost-effective countermeasure at hazardous locations, especially rural locations where approximately 61% of the Nation's traffic fatalities occur. The use of fluorescent yellow sheeting in place of standard yellow sheeting provides a method to increase the conspicuity of the traffic sign while conforming to the guidelines specified by the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. The 3M Corporation, and later other companies, developed a long-lasting fluorescent yellow retroreflective sign. Although the properties of the fluorescent yellow sheeting indicate that the conspicuity of the signs is much higher, the increased conspicuity ultimately must prompt a change in motorist behavior for highway safety to be improved. Therefore, the purpose was this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorescent yellow warning signs in improving highway safety at hazardous locations. A before and after study used surrogate measures to evaluate the safety effectiveness of replacing existing yellow warning signs (engineer or high intensity grade) with fluorescent yellow warning signs (diamond grade) at seven hazardous locations. The results of this effort indicate that fluorescent yellow warning signs increased the safety at four of the seven sites by providing a more conspicuous warning to motorists. However, since surrogate measures were used, the actual collision savings are unknown.

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3

Tipple, Caitlyn. "Teacher Knowledge of Child and Adolescent Suicide Warning Signs and Risk Factors." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1565211119189274.

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4

Holtzhauzen, G. T. D. (Gerhardus Theodoris Daniel). "Modeling business turnaround strategies using verifier determinants from early warning signs theory." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28693.

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The management dilemma emanates from the inadequacy and weakly detailed turnaround models available for use by entrepreneurs and turnaround practitioners in South Africa. To add to this problem previous legislation did not provide any protection to the debtor in any turnaround attempts. New debtor friendly legislation comes into effect in 2011. This research aims to identify the verifiers for signs and causes of potential failure. The construct verifier determinant is theoretically defined and included into a practical turnaround framework. The primary objectives of the study are to:
  • Identify and theoretically define early warning sign “verifier determinants”
  • To design and include “verifier determinants” as an integral part of a turnaround plan that supports corrective action.
The secondary objectives of this study are to:
  • Research the current formal turnaround practices, which are applied in the United States of America, Canada, Australia, Africa and informal practices evident in South Africa. These findings are aligned to include the changes in the applicable South African legislation.
  • Design and propose a framework for use by turnaround practitioners and entrepreneurs alike (conforming to new legislation).
  • Identify which “verifier determinants” will confirm the early warning and apply this outcome to the design of a reliable turnaround framework, acceptable to all creditors and financial institutions.
  • The final objective is to contribute to the South African entrepreneurial, turnaround body of knowledge, and future formal studies in this academically ill-represented field.
The effectiveness of business turnaround depends on the chosen strategy. The literature review in this proposal deals with the following aspects; venture risk propensity, early warning signs and failure models, legal constraints / opportunities and finally turnaround. Current formal turnaround routes are, due to various negativities and high costs, often not practical and a more informal approach is favoured. Methodology:
  • Through comprehensive literature research to identify and theoretically define “verifier determinants” that confirm the early warning sign and causes. Apply in depth interviews to identify the use of verifier determinants by specialist turnaround practitioners.
  • Confirm the actual use and value of the verifier determinants by experts and practitioners during turnarounds, Design and include “verifier determinants” as an integral part of a turnaround framework that supports rehabilitation of the business.
  • Compare the formal turnaround practices, which are applied in other jurisdictions such as the United States of America, Canada, Australia, Africa will be investigated.
  • Adapt the framework cognisant of Chapter six of the companies Act, Act 71 of 2008 requirements and recommend to formal and informal turnaround practices relevant in South Africa.
For this study, a leading commercial bank was selected as the organisation of choice, due to the accessibility to information, research data, and turnaround respondents. For selecting the case studies used for evaluation during interviews, the researcher relied on businesses that were already subjected to BASEL II Accord categorisation criteria and had ex post facto histories. The study applied two research methods. An interview method was used to identify actual verifier determinants used in practice. The interrogation of the participants was done, using the Repertory Grid method, thus forcing choices and explanation of interviewee reasoning. Participants were purposely selected to ensure representation within the identified risk categories. As result, a comprehensive turnaround framework is compiled. The study aligns these findings with the new South African legislation, and designs a turnaround framework for use by turnaround professional practitioners, entrepreneurs and affected persons alike. This study introduced a number of new constructs that can be used in a business turnaround context, namely:
  • business triage
  • verifier determinant
  • turnaround framework, introducing the constructs “business triage” and “verifier determinant” a timeline schedule for executing the rescue process
This study highlighted the importance of establishing the true value of a business in the early stages of the turnaround process. Verifiers can be used successfully to determine the extent of the problem (“depth of the rot”), the difficulties involved and reduce time requirements for analysis.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Business Management
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de, Mander Jessica, and Jonathan Danielson. "Modified Early Warning Score bland onkologiska patienter innan dödsfall." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-215577.

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Bakgrund: Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) är ett bedömningsinstrument för utvärdering av patienters vitalparametrar. Verktygets funktion är att genom strukturerade observationer identifiera patienter med sviktande vitala funktioner, och således kunna vidta åtgärder innan patienten avlider eller kräver intensivvård. Nyttan av MEWS inom onkologisk heldygnsvård är än så länge dokumenterat i mycket liten utsträckning. En studie från 2012 indikerar att MEWS inte är ett effektivt verktyg för att förutse försämringar hos onkologiska patienter.   Syfte: Att undersöka om patienter inom onkologisk vård uppvisar MEWS 0-17 poäng veckan innan dödsfall. Vidare ämnar författarna vilka specifika parametrar inom MEWS som orsakade förhöjda totalpoäng, samt om några skillnader föreligger mellan män och kvinnor. Metod: Retrospektiv journalgranskningsstudie där dokumentation av MEWS-bedömningar granskades i 70 patientjournaler. Resultat: Undersökningsgruppen hade ett genomsnittligt MEWS på 2,99 under den sista levnadsveckan. Av de enskilda variablerna inom MEWS var andningsfrekvens den som oftast gav poäng ≥1. Det genomsnittliga värdet av MEWS steg från 3,13 poäng det sjunde sista till 8 poäng det sista levnadsdygnet, men på grund av den låga frekvensen av mätningar under det sista levnadsdygnet kan inga slutsatser dras från resultatet. Inga signifikanta skillnader mellan män och kvinnor har identifierats. Låg förekomst av registrerade MEWS hos avlidna onkologpatienter orsakade ett stort initialt bortfall.   Slutsats: Studien indikerar att MEWS används i liten utsträckning på onkologiska patienter innan dödsfall. Det är dock inte möjligt att med detta underlag uttala sig om huruvida MEWS är ett relevant verktyg inom den onkologiska vården, och vidare forskning måste därför göras.
Background: Modified Early Warning Score, MEWS, is a scoring system (0-17 points) for assessment of patients’ vital signs. The function of MEWS is to detect deteriating patients at an early stage, and being able to put in adequate treatment before their physical condition worsens. The benefits from using MEWS on oncology patients have so far been researched to small extent. A study from 2012 indicates that MEWS is not an effective tool for detecting deteriation in oncology patients.   Objective: To research if oncology patients have scores 0-17 on MEWS measurements the week before they are deceased. The writers also intend to research which certain parameters within MEWS caused higher overall scores, and lastly whether there are any differences in scores between men and women.   Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed on a total of 104 MEWS measurements belonging to 70 deceased patients. Results: The main results show an average MEWS of 2,99 points during the last week of the patients’ lives. Respiratory rate was the variable within MEWS to cause elevated scores (≥1) most often. The average MEWS increased from 3,13 points the seventh day before death to 8 points the last day before death, but due to the low frequency of measurements from the last day of the patients’ lives, it is not possible to make any assumptions based on these results. Furthermore, the initial loss of patients meeting the inclusion criteria was substantial due to low prevalence of registered MEWS.   Conclusion: The results indicate that MEWS is not used on oncology patients to a great extent. It is not, however, possible to determine whether MEWS is a relevant assessment tool in care of oncology patients, and further research is therefore needed.
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au, NMabbott@iinet net, and Nicholas Mabbott. "Monitoring Device for Early Warning Signs of Operator Fatigue in Open Cut Mines." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060809.93310.

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An investigation into technologies to detect impaired performance due to driver fatigue was undertaken. From this, a new forced-choice stimulus-reaction device was developed specifically to detect driver impairment in operators of haul trucks in open cut mines. The device was developed in conjunction with personnel from the mining industry to suit the harsh conditions of the mining environment. The technology was trialled in three open cut mines and in a driving simulator at Murdoch University in Western Australia. Data were collected on the performance of drivers and analysed to validate the technology. A significant positive correlation was found between measures of reduced operator reaction performance and measures of eye closure. It was found that the device detected few false alarms and missed few bouts of tiredness as indicated by eye closures. It is suggested that the device would be a useful tool to assist with the detection of driver fatigue in open cut mining environments. The forced-choice reaction-monitoring device was used to assess the performance of drivers in a gold mine in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. The fly-in-fly-out haul truck drivers worked 14 consecutive 12-hour night shifts, had a day off, then worked 13 consecutive 12-hour day shifts. A total of more than 3,500 hours of real-time objective performance data were collected and analysed. The main findings were that the objective performance data showed patterns of low performance that did not fit some of the performance data that would be expected from examination of past literature. Many findings are discussed in light of these anomalies. Another important finding is that the subject’s background and sleep pathology is a possible predictor for poor performance on the forced-choice reaction task. The system was also used to measure the performance of drivers with rising blood alcohol levels in a driving simulator. Subjects drank vodka with a mixer while driving for two hours starting at both 20:00 hrs and 22:00 hrs, with a week in between the two trials. The fatigue monitor detected reaction times slower than 3 SD of baseline performance at low levels of BAC. Performance at 22:00 hrs was marginally more impaired than performance at 20:00 hrs. Drivers at low BAC levels tended to compensate easier on the reaction task at 20:00 hrs compared to at 22:00 hrs. The ARRB fatigue monitor shows good capacity to detect poor performance due to low and medium measures of BAC. The research undertaken within this thesis has provided data that challenges contemporary research that generally suggests that time on task is one of the largest influences of fatigue at work. It appears that both circadian influences and individual lifestyle habits will have an equal or greater impact on fatigue risk at work.
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Mabbott, Nicholas. "Monitoring device for early warning signs of operator fatigue in open cut mines /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060809.93310.

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8

Mabbott, Nicholas. "Monitoring device for early warning signs of operator fatigue in open cut mines." Thesis, Mabbott, Nicholas (2005) Monitoring device for early warning signs of operator fatigue in open cut mines. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/169/.

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An investigation into technologies to detect impaired performance due to driver fatigue was undertaken. From this, a new forced-choice stimulus-reaction device was developed specifically to detect driver impairment in operators of haul trucks in open cut mines. The device was developed in conjunction with personnel from the mining industry to suit the harsh conditions of the mining environment. The technology was trialled in three open cut mines and in a driving simulator at Murdoch University in Western Australia. Data were collected on the performance of drivers and analysed to validate the technology. A significant positive correlation was found between measures of reduced operator reaction performance and measures of eye closure. It was found that the device detected few false alarms and missed few bouts of tiredness as indicated by eye closures. It is suggested that the device would be a useful tool to assist with the detection of driver fatigue in open cut mining environments. The forced-choice reaction-monitoring device was used to assess the performance of drivers in a gold mine in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. The fly-in-fly-out haul truck drivers worked 14 consecutive 12-hour night shifts, had a day off, then worked 13 consecutive 12-hour day shifts. A total of more than 3,500 hours of real-time objective performance data were collected and analysed. The main findings were that the objective performance data showed patterns of low performance that did not fit some of the performance data that would be expected from examination of past literature. Many findings are discussed in light of these anomalies. Another important finding is that the subject's background and sleep pathology is a possible predictor for poor performance on the forced-choice reaction task. The system was also used to measure the performance of drivers with rising blood alcohol levels in a driving simulator. Subjects drank vodka with a mixer while driving for two hours starting at both 20:00 hrs and 22:00 hrs, with a week in between the two trials. The fatigue monitor detected reaction times slower than 3 SD of baseline performance at low levels of BAC. Performance at 22:00 hrs was marginally more impaired than performance at 20:00 hrs. Drivers at low BAC levels tended to compensate easier on the reaction task at 20:00 hrs compared to at 22:00 hrs. The ARRB fatigue monitor shows good capacity to detect poor performance due to low and medium measures of BAC. The research undertaken within this thesis has provided data that challenges contemporary research that generally suggests that time on task is one of the largest influences of fatigue at work. It appears that both circadian influences and individual lifestyle habits will have an equal or greater impact on fatigue risk at work.
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Mabbott, Nicholas. "Monitoring device for early warning signs of operator fatigue in open cut mines." Mabbott, Nicholas (2005) Monitoring device for early warning signs of operator fatigue in open cut mines. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/169/.

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An investigation into technologies to detect impaired performance due to driver fatigue was undertaken. From this, a new forced-choice stimulus-reaction device was developed specifically to detect driver impairment in operators of haul trucks in open cut mines. The device was developed in conjunction with personnel from the mining industry to suit the harsh conditions of the mining environment. The technology was trialled in three open cut mines and in a driving simulator at Murdoch University in Western Australia. Data were collected on the performance of drivers and analysed to validate the technology. A significant positive correlation was found between measures of reduced operator reaction performance and measures of eye closure. It was found that the device detected few false alarms and missed few bouts of tiredness as indicated by eye closures. It is suggested that the device would be a useful tool to assist with the detection of driver fatigue in open cut mining environments. The forced-choice reaction-monitoring device was used to assess the performance of drivers in a gold mine in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. The fly-in-fly-out haul truck drivers worked 14 consecutive 12-hour night shifts, had a day off, then worked 13 consecutive 12-hour day shifts. A total of more than 3,500 hours of real-time objective performance data were collected and analysed. The main findings were that the objective performance data showed patterns of low performance that did not fit some of the performance data that would be expected from examination of past literature. Many findings are discussed in light of these anomalies. Another important finding is that the subject's background and sleep pathology is a possible predictor for poor performance on the forced-choice reaction task. The system was also used to measure the performance of drivers with rising blood alcohol levels in a driving simulator. Subjects drank vodka with a mixer while driving for two hours starting at both 20:00 hrs and 22:00 hrs, with a week in between the two trials. The fatigue monitor detected reaction times slower than 3 SD of baseline performance at low levels of BAC. Performance at 22:00 hrs was marginally more impaired than performance at 20:00 hrs. Drivers at low BAC levels tended to compensate easier on the reaction task at 20:00 hrs compared to at 22:00 hrs. The ARRB fatigue monitor shows good capacity to detect poor performance due to low and medium measures of BAC. The research undertaken within this thesis has provided data that challenges contemporary research that generally suggests that time on task is one of the largest influences of fatigue at work. It appears that both circadian influences and individual lifestyle habits will have an equal or greater impact on fatigue risk at work.
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Collen, Alistair. "Early-warning signs in manic-depression : a prospective longitudinal study of four single cases." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320831.

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A prospective, longitudinal study was undertaken to examine the occurrence and form of prodromal symptoms in four individuals with bipolar affective disorder. Daily, selfreport ratings were made of mood, sleep, six early warning signs and the degree of concern which subjects felt about the current state of their mental health. Two subjects completed 6 months', and two subjects 3 months', worth of daily, weekly and fortnightly record keeping. Three subjects displayed persistent and marked day-to-day fluctuations in symptoms during periods of affective illness. One subject became hypomanic during the course of the study. His data suggested a model of early warning signs as covarying subclinical symptoms, the fluctuations of which increased in their amplitude as the mean level of their intensity rose. Where elements of this model could be tested on the data of the other three subjects, their results were found to be not inconsistent with this model. In view of the potential practical implications of these observations, for the use of early warning signs in self-management strategies, it was suggested that further research should be undertaken. This preliminary study had demonstrated the merit and feasibly of the method employed. However, it was anticipated that subjects who could be recruited for a future study might still not be representative of the wider bipolar population. In addition, some modifications to the present design were discussed.
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Дегтярьова, Лариса Іванівна, Лариса Ивановна Дегтярева, Larysa Ivanivna Dehtiarova, and А. Шкребень. "Функціонально-прагматичний аспект знаків попередження." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16893.

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Jensen, Aaron Paul. "Evaluation and Installation Guidelines for Advance Warning Signal Systems in Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1835.pdf.

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Eriksson, Sofia, and Michael Metcalfe. "Följsamhet till Early Warning Scores samt faktorer som påverkar följsamheten – en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24201.

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Bakgrund: Att tidigt upptäcka symtom på allvarlig klinisk försämring hos en patient är av stor vikt för att minska lidande och förhindra allvarliga komplikationer. För detta har flera skattningsinstrument utvecklats, däribland olika early warning score-system. Dessa har implementerats på flera håll i världen men det finns indikationer på att det brister i följsamheten till dessa. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka följsamheten till Early Warning Scores samt de faktorer som påverkar följsamheten. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt där 14 vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades. Studierna hade kvantitativa, kvalitativa och blandade ansatser. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och Web of Science. En innehållsanalys av studiernas resultat genomfördes och resultatet sammanställdes i ett antal kategorier. Resultat: Följsamheten visade sig vara högre till observationer av patientens vitalparametrar än till de åtgärdsriktlinjer som finns. Faktorer som påverkar följsamheten var sjuksköterskans kliniska erfarenhet, samarbete mellan professioner, bemanning, felkalkylering, dokumentation och rapportering. Konklusion: Följsamhet till EWS brister på många sätt och flera faktorer påverkar följsamheten. Faktorerna som påverkade följsamheten är sjuksköterskans kliniska erfarenhet, samarbete mellan professioner, felkalkylering, bemanning, dokumentation och rapportering.
Background: Early recognition of serious clinical deterioration is of great importance for minimizing suffering and serious adverse events. For early recognition, several physiological track and trigger systems have been developed, among them the early warning scores. These have been implemented in many places across the world but there is uncertainty about adherence to these systems. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate adherence to Early warning score-systems and to evaluate what factors affect this adherence. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review including 14 articles with quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods approaches. Searches were made in the PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. Content-analysis was used to identify themes. Results: Adherence seems higher to observations than to clinical responses. The main factors affecting adherence are the clinical experience of nurses, collaboration between professions, staffing, miscalculation, documentation and reporting. Conclusion: Adherence to EWS is lacking in many ways and several causes for this have been accounted for. Factors affecting adherence was the clinical experience of nurses, cooperation between professions, staffing, miscalculation, documentation and reporting.
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Gozzi, Svensson Viktoria, and Sofia Sundbom. "Kartläggning av Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) hos patienter med kirurgiska åkommor." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202741.

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SAMMANFATTNING     Bakgrund: Patienter på kirurgavdelningar är komplexa såtillvida att de förutom den kirurgiska åkomman kan ha olika medicinska diagnoser vilket ofta komplicerar både vården, behandlingen samt medför svårigheter i att upptäcka ett försämrat tillstånd. För att kunna bedöma patientens tillstånd och få en uppfattning om hur denne mår måste objektiva och lätt mätbara parametrar användas. Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) är ett poängsystem som mäter några av patientens vitala funktioner och baseras på sex mätbara/bedömningsbara  funktioner: andningsfrekvens, puls, systoliskt blodtryck, kroppstemperatur, vakenhet och urinmängd. Poängsumman varierar mellan 0 och 17, där 0 är normalt.   Syfte: Att kartlägga fördelningen av poäng enligt MEWS hos akuta patienter med kirurgiska åkommor på två kirurgavdelningar på ett universitetssjukhus i Sverige samt undersöka vilka åtgärder som vidtagits vid respektive poäng enligt MEWS.   Metod: Retrospektiv journalgranskningsstudie  där dokumentation av mätningar med MEWS för 94 patienter granskades.   Resultat: Totalt återfanns 229 poäng enligt MEWS varav 76 var från mätningar vid ankomst till avdelning och resterande  153 från mätningar under fortsatt vårdtid. Antalet MEWS-mätningar per patient varierade mellan  1 och 31. Nitton åtgärder som ingår i sjuksköterskans profession kopplade till en poäng enligt MEWS återfanns. De mest förekommande åtgärderna var att ge smärtstillande läkemedel på generell ordination samt att utföra upprepade kontroller av patientens vitala funktioner. Tjugotvå medicinska åtgärder kopplade till en poäng enligt MEWS återfanns. De mest  förekommande medicinska åtgärderna var att ordinera provtagning eller odling samt att ordinera  extra dropp. Inte i något fall ledde en poäng enligt MEWS till att någon patient flyttade till en högre vårdnivå.   Slutsats: Det fanns mätningar enligt MEWS för 85 % av patienterna där medianpoängen var 1 av maximala 17. Medianpoängen när åtgärd som ingår i sjuksköterskans profession eller medicinska åtgärder vidtogs var 4. De vanligaste åtgärderna var att ge smärtstillande läkemedel på generell ordination, göra upprepade kontroller, ordinera provtagning,  odling eller extra dropp.
ABSTRACT     Background: Patients with surgical conditions are complex, since many patients have various medical diagnoses besides their surgical condition. Apart from complicating care and treatment, this makes it difficult to detect deterioration in the patient's condition. In order to assess the patient's condition, objective and easily measurable parameters are preferably used. A scoring system, the Modified Ear­ ly Waming Score, MEWS, was developed in the early 1990s and based on some ofthe patient's vital functions: respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, body temperature, alertness/awareness and urine output. The result varies between 0 and 17, with 0 demonstrating normal vital functions.   Objective: To describe the distribution of MEWS scores for emergency patients with surgical condi­ tions in two surgical wards at a university hospital in Sweden, and to examine what actions had been taken based on the MEWS scores.   Methods: A retrospective review was performed on MEWS measurements and medical records for 94 patients.   Results: In total, 229 MEWS measurements had been performed, ofwhich 76 were taken on arrival at the ward, and the remaining 153 <luring the continued hospitalization. The number ofMEWS measurements per patient ranged from 1 to 31. Nineteen actions, based on MEWS scores, related the nursing professions were found, with the administration of painkillers and repeated checks ofthe pa­ tient's vital functions, being the two most common. Twenty-two medical procedures, based on MEWS scores, were identified, where sampling for bacterial cultures or prescribing extra intravenous fluid were the most frequent. No patient was transferred toa higher level of care because of their MEWS score.   Conclusion: MEWS measurements were performed in 85% of the patients and the median result was 1 of maximum 17. Different actions, related the nursing or medical profession, were taken at a me­ dian result of 4. No patient was transferred toa higher level of care. The most common actions were administration of painkillers, repeated checks ofthe patient's vital functions, sampling for bacterial cultures and prescribing extra intravenous fluid
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Pullon, Rebecca. "Monitoring and analysis of antenatal and postnatal changes in maternal vital signs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c0992a87-29f1-40cc-8ff0-368cd1944bc9.

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Pregnancy-related complications affect approximately 15% of pregnancies and, if severe, can have long-term consequences. Timely recognition of physiological deterioration is known to reduce the prevalence and severity of complications. However pregnancy-associated changes in vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate) complicate the detection of abnormal physiology, and these changes are not well documented. This thesis describes the development of algorithms to ensure the collection of good-quality vital-sign data during the antenatal and postnatal stages of pregnancy, and the design of an evidence-based obstetric early warning score. Vital-sign information from 1,000 pregnant women during pregnancy, labour, and after delivery was collected during the 4P study using pulse oximetry, oscillometry for blood pressure measurement and a tympanic thermometer. Dynamic time warping was used to assess beat-by-beat quality in the photoplethysmograph (PPG) waveform obtained from the pulse oximeter. The resulting signal quality index enabled the exclusion of poor-quality sections and their associated measurements of heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation. A robust measurement of respiratory rate was obtained by combining information from the PPG waveform, and accelerometer and gyroscope waveforms from a smartphone. After processing, frequency-based techniques, such as Fourier analysis and auto-regressive modelling, and time-domain peak detection were fused to estimate respiratory rate. When compared with the reference respiratory rate obtained from midwife measurement, the lowest mean absolute error of 1.16 breaths per minute was obtained from respiratory rate estimates from the y-axis of the gyroscope. Antenatal and postnatal reference ranges for each vital sign were developed with a standard polynomial multilevel (hierarchical) model using 10,000 vital sign measurements from 620 healthy women in the 4P study. Vital-sign trajectories confirmed known trends of blood pressure and heart rate changes during pregnancy, and provided new information about other vital-sign trends. Additional covariates were included to investigate the effect of parity and body mass index (BMI) on vital-sign trends. The outer centiles of the vital sign reference ranges were used to design an obstetric early warning score (C-ObsEWS) that took into account gestational age or time after delivery. The investigations in this thesis contribute additional knowledge of pregnancy-associated vital-sign changes, and lead to an initial proposal for an evidence-based obstetric early warning score specific to the stage of pregnancy.
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Springer, Nathan R. "Patterns of radicalization indentifying the markers and warning signs of domestic lone wolf terrorists in our midst." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FSpringer.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Rasmussen, Maria. Second Reader: Moran, Daniel. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Lone Wolf Terrorism, Radicalization, Terrorist Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-85). Also available in print.
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Ganzer, Christine Anne. "Associations between Working Memory, Health Literacy and Recall of the Warning Signs of Stroke Among Older Adults." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195840.

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Older adults constitute a growing population in the United States. A disproportionate percentage of this population experience chronic illnesses and need to recall information important to prevent complications of illness and to self-manage their condition. One example of the need to retain information is to recall the risk factors for ischemic stroke to prevent the damaging effects of stroke.Factors that could influence the recall of health information include age-related changes in cognition, specifically working memory capacity. Research supports that older adults have working memory capacity limitations. Older adults may also experience low health literacy that in combination with declines in working memory could further influence recall of health information.The purpose of this study was to describe the predictive relationships of working memory capacity and health literacy on the recall of the warning signs of stroke in a sample of older community dwelling elders.Fifty-six participants, ranging in age from 68-99 years of age (M= 80 years of age) were recruited from two sites, a Senior Center and Retirement Residence. A brochure published by the American Heart and Stroke Association, "Let's Talk About Stroke" was the tool used to deliver the health information regarding the five warning signs of stroke. Personal factors including demographic and medical variables were collected in this study. Working Memory was assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III, Working Memory Index (WMI). Health literacy was determined using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (STOFHLA). Participants were asked to recall the health information they were asked to read regarding the five warning signs of stroke at the conclusion of the study visit.Findings indicated that the key variables working memory and health literacy were independently and positively correlated to recall (p < .01); however, regression analysis did not demonstrate an interaction between the two key variables and recall.The findings from this study explore the associations between working memory, health literacy and personal factors and support that these key predictors may be related to the older adults ability to successfully recall health information.
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Kellmeyer, David. "Detection of highway warning signs in natural video images using color image processing and neural network techniques on a PC." Ohio : Ohio University, 1992. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1172782930.

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19

Karanikas, Birgitta, and Birgitta Jernberg. "Sjukvårdspersonals upplevelser av att använda bedömningsinstrument på barn (Pediatric Early Warning Score)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201452.

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Abstract The aim of the studie was to investigate if the Pediatric Early Warning Score system, PEWS, is an useful instrument on a children's inpatient ward, regarding the detecting of deterioration in children's vital signs. For this, a quantitative descriptive design with qualitative elements was used. Method: Study specific questionnaires were distributed to 86 persons (helpnurses, nurses and doctors). Of these, 36 answered and sent back the surveys. Results: Of 36 responses 25 felt experienced a faster detection of deterioration of vital signs in the child. Many felt that they had faster response from the physician on call by providing an assessment figure of the child's condition. Conclusion: Most of the persons experienced that the use of the assessment intrument PEWS detected a deterioration of the child´s vital signs earlier than before using the instrument. Staff experienced greater security in their work when they had a tool to help and they also experienced an earlier response from physicians.
SAMMANFATTNING   Syftet med studien var att undersöka om bedömningsinstrumentet Pediatric Early Warning Score, PEWS, är till användning och vägledning på barnavdelning med avseende att upptäcka försämring av barns vitalparametrar. För detta användes en beskrivande kvantitativ design med kvalitativa inslag. Metod: Ett studiespecifikt enkätformulär gick ut till 86 personer (undersköterskor, sjuksköterskor och läkare på två pediatriska vårdavdelningar). Av dessa besvarades 36 enkäter. Resultat: Av 36 svarande ansåg 25 att man snabbare upptäckte försämring av vitalparametrarna hos barnet. Många ansåg att de fick snabbare gensvar från jourläkare genom att uppge en bedömningssiffra över barnets hälsotillstånd. Slutsats: Med hjälp av bedömningsinstrumentet PEWS upplevde personalen att en upptäckt av försämring av barnets vitalparametrar gjordes tidigare, samt att gensvar från jourläkare erhölls snabbare. Personalen upplevde en ökad trygghet i sitt arbete då man hade ett arbetsredskap till hjälp.
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Elliott, Chiquita. "The Prioritization of Student Mental Health in the School Setting: Secondary Administrators' and Educators' Knowledge of Adolescent Suicidal Risk Factors and Warning Signs." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3232.

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This study investigated the knowledge level of secondary building-level administrators and secondary teachers regarding adolescent suicidal risk factors and warning signs. Additionally, this study contributed a social mediation component, to explore whether educators believe that they have the potential to be change agents for youth in their school communities. Three hundred forty-three participants (318 teachers, 18 assistant principals and 7 principals) from the middle and high schools in a local public school district in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States completed a survey pertaining to information on adolescent suicide. Data analyses were conducted through detailed cross-tabulations and analysis of variances to examine educator knowledge. Despite a wide variability in scores, findings suggest that the majority of educators acknowledge having moderate to low knowledge levels in most critical content domains of youth suicide. Additionally, educators believe that they have the ability to be social mediators of change for youth in the school setting.
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Peterson, Ryan. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Blank-Out Overhead Dynamic Advance Warning Signal Systems." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1354.pdf.

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Williams, Gina C. W. "A single system researh design on the effectiveness of behavioral family therapy on the reduction of early warning signs of acute onset symptoms of schizophrenia." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1994. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/642.

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Behavioral family therapy will decrease the severity of early warning signs being reported by the patient with an Axis I diagnosis of schizophrenia. This study was conducted to find out what effect, if any, behavioral family therapy would have on the reduction in severity of early warning signs reported by a person with schizophrenia currently involved in outpatient treatment. The research design employed in this study was an A-B single subject research design. One of the main reasons this design was utilized were the time constraints within which the author had to work. Findings supported a decline in the severity of early warning signs that were sustained for a long period of time. However, it cannot be safely assumed that the intervention accounted for the change which occurred in the reporting behavior.
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Moharam, Mona [Verfasser], and Wafaa [Gutachter] Shehata-Dieler. "Intraoperative monitoring of cochlear nerve function during acoustic neuroma surgery with transtemporal approach: Warning signs as predictors of postoperative hearing loss / Mona Moharam ; Gutachter: Wafaa Shehata-Dieler." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221963244/34.

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Fleming, Susannah. "Measurement and fusion of non-invasive vital signs for routine triage of acute paediatric illness." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:840d94b0-041f-4b15-8b37-c2e37c999f3e.

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Serious illness in childhood is a rare occurrence, but accounts for 20% of childhood deaths. Early recognition and treatment of serious illness is vital if the child is to recover without long-term disability. It is known that vital signs such as heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and oxygen saturation can be used to identify children who are at high risk of serious illness. This thesis presents research into the development of a vital signs monitor, designed for use in the initial assessment of unwell children at their first point of contact with a medical practitioner. Child-friendly monitoring techniques are used to obtain vital signs, which can then be combined using data fusion techniques to assist clinicians in identifying children with serious illness. Existing normal ranges for heart rate and respiratory rate in childhood vary considerably, and do not appear to be based on clinical evidence. This thesis presents a systematic meta-analysis of heart rate and respiratory rate from birth to 18 years of age, providing evidence-based curves which can be used to assess the degree of abnormality in these important vital signs. Respiratory rate is particularly difficult to measure in children, but is known to be predictive of serious illness. Current methods of automated measurement can be distressing, or are time-consuming to apply. This thesis therefore presents a novel method for estimating the respiratory rate from an optical finger sensor, the pulse oximeter, which is routinely used in clinical practice. Information from multiple vital signs can be used to identify children at risk of serious illness. A number of data fusion techniques were tested on data collected from children attending primary and emergency care, and shown to outperform equivalent existing scoring systems when used to identify those with more serious illness.
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Whicker, Jennifer L. "Supporting Utah's Parents in Preventing Adolescent Suicide: A Literature Review and Handouts for Utah's Youth Suicide Prevention Manual." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3275.

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Suicide, a public health problem on a global scale, has become the focus in many domains across the United States. With the recent push to provide solutions to the adolescent suicide rate in the U.S., the school setting has become an important venue for prevention and intervention efforts. While there are many risk and protective factors, the majority of suicide completions are concurrent with psychiatric disorders among adolescents; as such, this is an area that warrants further investigation. Additionally, school resources are often overwhelmed by the magnitude of need among the student population; therefore, effective interventions must be identified that can feasibly be implemented in the schools. Research has suggested that parent-adolescent relationships are key in the prevention of suicide, yet minimal research has been conducted towards promoting healthy parent-adolescent relationships for at-risk adolescents. Additionally, some research suggests that school and community interventions are only more effective than parental support when negative parent-adolescent relationships are present. This implies that fostering parental support should be a top priority in school-based suicide prevention efforts. This literature review identifies and summarizes pertinent scholarly research and resources for schools to better support parents of adolescents who struggle with suicidal thoughts and previous attempted suicides. As part of an intervention plan which increases home/school collaboration in adolescent suicide prevention, handouts were developed for parents (found in the appendix), which include information on warning signs of suicide, risk factors for suicide, and methods of responding to suicidality. After adapting these handouts to best meet their students' needs, school-based mental health professionals may consider including these handouts in their school's crisis plan and suicide prevention efforts.
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Hoffman, Ashlee R. "College Students’ Perceived Confidence and Importance in Helping Friends Involved in Disordered Eating." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1299169712.

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Mühlbauer, Esther, Michael Bauer, Ulrich Ebner-Priemer, Philipp Ritter, Holger Hill, Fabrice Beier, Nikolaus Kleindienst, and Emanuel Severus. "Effectiveness of smartphone-based ambulatory assessment (SBAA-BD) including a predicting system for upcoming episodes in the long-term treatment of patients with bipolar disorders: study protocol for a randomized controlled single-blind trial." BioMed Central, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33331.

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Background The detection of early warning signs is essential in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorders. However, in bipolar patients’ daily life and outpatient treatment the assessment of upcoming state changes faces several difficulties. In this trial, we examine the effectiveness of a smartphone based automated feedback about ambulatory assessed early warning signs in prolonging states of euthymia and therefore preventing hospitalization. This study aims to assess, whether patients experience longer episodes of euthymia, when their treating psychiatrists receive automated feedback about changes in communication and activity. With this additional information an intervention at an earlier stage in the development of mania or depression could be facilitated. We expect that the amount of time will be longer between affective episodes in the intervention group. Methods/design The current study is designed as a randomized, multi-center, observer-blind, active-control, parallel group trial within a nationwide research project on the topic of innovative methods for diagnostics, prevention and interventions of bipolar disorders. One hundred and twenty patients with bipolar disorder will be randomly assigned to (1) the experimental group with included automated feedback or (2) the control group without feedback. During the intervention phase, the psychopathologic state of all participants is assessed every four weeks over 18 months. Kaplan-Meier estimators will be used for estimating the survival functions, a Log-Rank test will be used to formally compare time to a new episode across treatment groups. An intention-to-treat analysis will include data from all randomized patients. Discussion This article describes the design of a clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of a smartphone-based feedback loop. This feedback loop is meant to elicit early interventions at the detection of warning signs for the prevention of affective episodes in bipolar patients. This approach will hopefully improve the chances of a timely intervention helping patients to keep a balanced mood for longer periods of time. In detail, if our hypothesis can be confirmed, clinical practice treating psychiatrists will be enabled to react quickly when changes are automatically detected. Therefore, outpatients would receive an even more individually tailored treatment concerning time and frequency of doctor’s appointments. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02782910: Title: “Smartphone-based Ambulatory Assessment of Early Warning Signs (BipoLife_A3)”. Registered May 25 2016. Protocol Amendment Number: 03. Issue Date: 26 March 2018. Author(s): ES.
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Martin, LaTanya F. "Cultural Differences in Risk Perception: An Examination of USA and Ghanaian Perception of Risk Communication." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9984.

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The increase in globalization and trade among larger industrialized countries and smaller developing countries has increased the awareness and need to better communicate risk and hazard information for consumer and manufacturing products. The purpose of this research was to examine cultural differences associated with risk communication and risk perception. The research observed cultural differences in hazard perception associated with color, signal words, and symbols among industry workers from the United States of America and the Republic of Ghana. The research also examined the perception of risk associated with general everyday statements as well as locus of control. A total of 96 industry workers from both the USA and the Republic of Ghana participated in this study (USA = 46, Ghana = 50). Four different hypotheses were tested in this research. The hypotheses that were tested focused on risk perception (21 items) and locus of control (9 items), hazard perception and attention-getting for 6 symbols (carefulness, severity of injury implied, and understanding were also measured for the symbols) and 16 hazard signs. A pair wise comparison was used in one portion of the study in which 120 different signal word and color combination hazard signs were used. A nine-point Likert-type scale was used to evaluate the risk perception items. A four point Likert-type scale was used to measure locus of control. The results from the study concluded that there are significant differences between the two cultures and the way individuals perceive risk, perceive hazards associated symbols, evaluate hazard signs, and locus of control. A total risk perception score as well as individual risk perception scores were calculated for the 21 items using an independent sample t-test. The results for the total risk perception revealed significant differences between the two groups (t (84) = 6.43, p < .0001) with the participants from the USA having an overall higher risk perception with the mean equaling 6.39 and the participants from Ghana equaling 5.28. Significant findings such as those from the risk perception portion of this study as well as other significant findings in this study will contribute to suggested guidelines and implications for safety training in a global work environment. Such guidelines and implications include using the SKULL symbol instead of the MR YUCK symbol to communicate hazard in Ghana and suggesting that the BOLT and ELECTRIC SHOCK symbol can be used interchangeably.
Master of Science
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29

Espiner, Stephen. "The phenomenon of risk and its management in natural resource recreation and tourism settings : a case study of Fox and Franz Josef Glaciers, Westland National Park, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/638.

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The significance of risk is growing in many Western societies, a phenomenon linked to increasing individualism, personal choice, and outcome uncertainty in multiple spheres of life. Despite being healthier and more physically protected from harm than any previous society, a serious concern for safety and risk control is emerging as a defining characteristic of modern social life. Within the context of a risk-averse society, this thesis investigates the nature and relevance of risk in natural resource recreation and tourism settings. Millions of people every day visit national parks and other protected areas around the world in which natural hazards inhere. Many visitors fail to recognise these hazards, creating moral, legal, and ethical issues for natural resource managers. People travel to national parks anticipating a degree of adventure, to escape routines, and to witness the grandeur of nature. Ironically, the very qualities that attract people to natural areas may also put them at risk. Managers of natural resource tourism and recreation areas in New Zealand are confronted with a paradox born out of visitor demand for nature experiences, a legal obligation to facilitate free access, and a growing social emphasis on health and safety. In particular, this study assesses the risk perceptions of visitors to the Fox and Franz Josef glaciers, popular tourist attractions on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island, and explores the risk perceptions and beliefs of resource management agency staff. The study also investigates the issue of risk communication at these two sites, and the degree to which existing hazard messages are successful at encouraging appropriate visitor behaviour. Pictorial hazard warning signs are introduced to the sites and their effectiveness evaluated. The findings show that many visitors (especially international visitors) have relatively poor awareness of natural hazards, and behave in ways which potentially compromise physical safety. It is argued that perceptions and behaviour are a consequence of diverse individual and situational factors including limited knowledge of the sites, beliefs about management, poor comprehension of hazard warning signs, and freedom from the normative constraints of everyday life. In contrast to visitors, managers at the glacier sites consider the risks to be significant, and, potentially, severe. It is argued that managers' perceptions of risk are influenced by several important social and site-specific factors, including their own experiences of hazards at the glaciers, perceived legal and moral obligations, the organisational culture, and impressions of high societal expectation concerning safety. The situation is further complicated by the freedom of access principle in national parks, and increasing tourist demand for nature-based experiences. These factors governed beliefs about the subject of risk. This study identifies several dimensions of risk in nature-based recreation and tourism settings. Visitors are at risk of personal accident or injury at certain tourism attractions. Awareness of hazards is limited, visitor behaviour compromises safety, and existing communication strategies are only partially effective. Risk is also apparent in the agency responsible for management of outdoor recreation areas. Site managers perceive a risk in their failure to prevent visitors from harm, whereas senior managers identify risk as primarily financial, legal, and political. Collectively, these factors demonstrate that the phenomenon of risk is increasingly important in the tourism and recreation context, and has the potential to influence significantly both management and experience of protected natural areas in New Zealand.
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Nicácio, Patrícia Régia Sodré. "A APRESENTAÇÃO GRÁFICA E DE CONTEÚDO INFORMACIONAL E A COMPREENSIBILIDADE DE SINAIS DE ADVERTÊNCIA: o caso das embalagens de brinquedos comercializadas em São Luís-MA." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/651.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T12:52:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Patricia Regia Sodre Nicacio.pdf: 23932910 bytes, checksum: f3d7d10e196e879b2335c306e675cadc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-23
A study on the graphic presentation of information content and comprehensibility of warning signs in packages of toys commercialized in the Ludovicense market considering the Cultural Ergonomics. This research was conducted in the city of São Luís-MA with the goal of identifying graphics and informational aspects of the verbal warnings signs and identify the degree of responsiveness of the pictorials warning signs. For this we divided the research into three phases. In phase 1, we analyzed a sample of 612 warning signs printed on toy packages represented in verbal and pictorial modes divided into seven (7) classification of toys, collected between June and August 2013. It is considered graphic and informational variables in the analytical study: model of the Graphic Variables Presentation proposed by Mijksenaar (1997); guidelines proposed by Wogalter et al. (2002); and INMETRO (2005) variables. In phase 2 and 3 we selected and tested 12 pictorials with potential buyers of toys. From the results obtained is possible to affirm that, in general, the warning signs, that are in verbally mode, are in accordance with the literature and standards recommended and that the degree of understandability of the pictorial warning signs are, in mostly, above the level recommended by ISO 9186. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that in 10 of the 25 variables (graphics and informational levels) most of the warnings has shortcomings and, these, consequently, may cause damage / injury to the indirect consumer, the children.
Estudo sobre a apresentação gráfica, de conteúdo informacional e de compreensibilidade de sinais de advertência em embalagens de brinquedos comercializados no mercado ludovicense considerando a Ergonomia Cultural. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na cidade de São Luís-MA com o objetivo de identificar os aspectos gráficos e informacionais dos sinais de advertências verbais e identificar o grau de compreensibilidade dos sinais de advertência pictóricos. Para tanto dividiu-se a pesquisa em três fases. Na fase 1, analisou-se uma amostra constituída por 612 sinais de advertência impressos em embalagens de brinquedos representados nos modos verbal e pictórico distribuídos em 7 (sete) classificações de brinquedos, coletados entre os meses de junho a agosto de 2013. Consideraram-se as variáveis gráficas e informacionais no estudo analítico: modelo das Variáveis da Apresentação Gráfica proposto por Mijksenaar (1997); as diretrizes propostas por Wogalter et al. (2002); e as variáveis Inmetro (2005). Na fase 2 e 3 selecionaram-se e testaram-se 12 advertências pictóricas com potenciais compradores de brinquedos. A partir dos resultados obtidos é possível afirmar que, de maneira geral, os sinais de advertência no modo verbal estão em conformidade com o que a literatura e a norma recomenda e que o grau de compreensibilidade dos sinais e advertência no modo pictórico estão, em sua maioria, acima do grau recomendado pela ISO 9186. Contudo, ressalta-se que em 10 das 25 variáveis analisadas (níveis gráficos e informacionais) a maioria das advertências apresentou deficiências e, estas, consequentemente, podem provocar em danos/prejuízos para o consumidor indireto, as crianças.
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31

Chang, Hung-Hsu, and 張宏勗. "Warning Signs Effect after Banking Crises." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88958499360193960223.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
95
The paper studied the effects of depositors after banking crises. The writer searched for the financial ratio data of seventeen banks in Taiwan from TEJ. In order to find the effects of depositors after banking crises, the paper depended on step discriminant analysis and discriminant analysis. By step discriminant analysis and discriminant analysis, the paper found eleven important variables. Four variables are about the behaviors of depositors. The paper found the effects of depositors after banking crises from four variables.
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Shan, Ian Kai, and 單延愷. "Risk Factors and Warning Signs of Adolescent Suicide." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69556546333241743258.

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Lin, Chung-Wei, and 林宗韋. "Subconscious of intuitive cognition responses to the warning signs." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5wrjs6.

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碩士
嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系曁研究所
97
Along with the social progress, the warning label often most can transmit the important news, because its direct representative superior pass life and death security problem, therefore warning label it symbolized that the internal graph size, will affect the human regarding the indication significance identification strength. This research is for the purpose of discussing the warning label design regarding to receive trying regarding to recognize the insight and magnanimity and vision of achievements other intuition response influence, as well as visual related consciousness principle basic concept whether to have the relatedness, arrives at the mark effect by the visual consciousness, explains and the indication mark manifestation related vision viewpoint, and take will do with the indication character correlation''s constitution question as the future life indicates improvement and the revision the design and manufactures reference of the new indication. As to the visual psychological phenomenon, the list the situation creates consciousness transmission time from many special sentiments the identification detention, urges this kind of phenomenon the reason to be possible to divide into three points: (1) identical indication under the different color, has the different impression; (2) identical indication under the different shape, has the different impression; (3) identical indication under different laying aside position, also will have the different impression. An experiment minute two stage, of first stage adopts the questionnaire way, whether lets subjective reply oneself by chance the measuring basis identification of ability of warning label own state of health as well as some question influential experiment. The second stage main goal lies in the discussion to change measuring to 20 kind of revisions the warning label software of the program design to produce by Visual Basic by the stochastic demonstration the warning label to determine identification of strength subconscious whether to have the difference. This research was measured that the object by the school in the student primarily, was measured the population is 38, and will choose of warning label the improvement from now on four different type (CNS, ISO to have the caution inscription, the ISO non-caution inscription, CNS& ISO) carries on test of the reaction time as well as the intuition reply, the test result besides must understand that answers option of as well as according to He Zhong the measuring reply based on the judgment option also has presents the place, discovered by way of the statistical result, CNS has of warning signal the outer edge not to have of warning signal reaction time the outer edge also to be shorter than, ISO in has the caution inscription the clear clear graphical representation significance which must come compared to the non-caution inscription, but the total reaction time also has high Reliability. Therefore test of the warning label, based on the safety factor consideration, the warning label should design the simple easy to understand way to cause clarity of the it discernment warning label, therefore, of principle of design the warning label, is worth discussing thoroughly, the interesting graphic language will represent the specific thought that transmits gives the user, enables the user to break through the language culture cognition the barrier, carries on the non-barrier the idea to transmit and to have correct, the specific judgment and the motion, achieves the fast identification and the safe goal. This research might take revision in the future the warning label graph or reference of the redesign, lets the warning label use be more perfect, causes caution of content personnel''s of clear understanding warning label the identification, promotes safeguard of the personal safety and property security, reduces the disaster to occur effectively. Key word：Warning signal, identification strength, subconscious, vision, mage, Visual Basic
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Raymond, Naseerah. "Registered nurse knowledge of the early warning signs of childhood cancer." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15277.

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The global burden of cancer has more than doubled in the past 30 years. It is estimated that in 2008, 7 million people worldwide died of cancer. Although the majority of deaths were in adults, 90 000 deaths related to childhood cancers. Childhood cancer comprises all cancers arising in children under the age of 15 years. Cancer in children is fairly rare and globally it is estimated that 160 000 children will be diagnosed with cancer each year (World Health Organization, 2008). Early detection is a fundamental goal in oncology nursing as it provides for early treatment of cancers. The onset in children’s cancers is generally short and if not detected early can grow fast and aggressively. Children’s tumours tend to be more invasive but have a better response to treatment in comparison to adults’ cancer. The purpose of this study is to explore the knowledge of registered nurses practicing at primary health clinics situated in the Johannesburg metropolis regarding the early warning signs of childhood cancer. An exploratory research strategy would be used and a contextual study will be done. The context of the study will be Johannesburg and specifically the primary health clinics in the metropolis. A quantitative survey will be conducted. The population targeted is all registered nurses practicing in the 35 primary health clinics in the Johannesburg Metropolis Region B, D, E, F and D. A census will be done and a self- administered questionnaire will be used to gather self-report data. The data will be analyzed by means of descriptive statistics.
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35

Huang, Wen-Hsuan, and 黃汶漩. "Applying Eye-tracking System to Explore the Design of Safety Warning Signs." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82636z.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
休閒遊憩研究所
102
This study established the tourism security alarm sign system and discussed the relationship between the attentions and preferences toward the tourism security alarm signs of people, by the physiological mode (eye tracking) and psychological model (preferences and cognitive behaviors). It applied the law of comparative judgment to discuss the preferences of the tourism security alarm sign system and used an eye tracker to develop the attentions of the tourism security alarm signs. There are two stages in this study: it applied the law of comparative judgment (LCJ) to analysis the beauty, the conspicuousness and the appropriateness of preferred alarm signs of the stop and warning signs in the first stage. We arranged 12 different warning signs and stop signs in 66 groups and 28 groups by paired comparisons. Convenience sampling method was applied to select the surveyed students. We made them stare into the paired photos (in 15 seconds) and finish the survey to arrange the rank of preferences by the law of comparative judgment. The second stage, we selected 23 persons as the experiment subjects. We screened the suitable signs by the study of the first stage and recorded the eye tracking information of subjects by an eye tracker. We also performed a survey to figure out the visual behavior of signs by understanding their attention behaviors. We collected 359 valid samples in the first stage (the effective response rate was 82.1%). The result revealed interesting signs are the most beautiful, and the second one are the standing signs for participants. The participants also identified the conspicuous and simple-designing signs are more suitable in tourism attractions. According to above, we could know that most familiar style for participants is the traditional stop sign. We collected the following results from the second stage by eye tracking analysis: (1) In warning signs, the interesting and cute signs are preferred as the most beautiful and conspicuous signs, and the standing form is preferred as the most suitable form to communicate the messages; in stop signs, the simple-designing and bright color signs are the most conspicuous and most supported signs by general people. (2) Most people who have seen the signs are willing to obey the restrictions. And people also identify with that everyone should aware the potential risks in their tourisms. It should be a common sense. (3) Most people support that there is essential to set alarm signs. (4) People usually depend on the alarm signs in tourism attractions, and the signs could arouse people''s alertness. (5) Recreational behaviors effect some specific topics, especially in these five options: doing outdoor recreational behaviors or not, doing adventure activities or not, having a habit of tourism or not, notifying the warning or stop signs and the effect of sign''s integrity toward stop signs.
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36

Pasculli, Ashleigh Jayde. "Exploring risk-taking behaviours as potential warning signs for suicide in adults." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1052904.

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Masters Research - Master of Clinical Psychology (MClinPsych)
Objective: To increase knowledge about risk-taking behaviours as risk factors and potential warning signs for suicide in adults. Engaging in risky behaviour is an identified warning sign for suicide in adolescents, however has not yet been well researched in adults. Method: An anonymous sample of 713 Internet users (77.1% female; 78.5% Caucasian aged from 18 to 71) completed a 20-30 minute anonymous online survey measuring five domains of risk perceptions and behaviours using The Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (Adult) Scale (DOSPERT; see Appendix B). The Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire – Revised (SBQ-R; see Appendix C) was used to group participants as suicide-risk or non-suicidal. 401 participants were identified as suicide-risk. Analyses investigated group differences in risk perceptions and behaviours in suicide-risk and non-suicidal participants. Risk behaviour differences were also examined for participants who scored highly on an SBQ-R item relating to future suicidal intent, in order to identify potential proximal warning signs. Results: Behavioural and/or perceptual differences were found between suicide-risk and non-suicidal participants across all risk five domains. Potential proximal warning signs included engaging in extra-marital affairs, driving a car without a seatbelt and walking home alone at night in an unsafe area. Conclusions: The implications of these findings are far-reaching in terms of their clinical utility; clinicians and gatekeepers can be alerted to a new range of risk factors and warning signs to indicate a distal or proximal suicide risk. Definite differences were found in risk behaviours between suicide-risk and non-suicidal adults, indicating that risk-taking is important risk factor for suicide beyond adolescence.
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37

Van, Orden Kimberly A. Joiner Thomas E. "Testing the effectiveness of a list of suicide warning signs for the public." Diss., 2005. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11142005-134054.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Florida State University, 2005.
Advisor: Thomas E Joiner, Jr., Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 6, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 34 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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38

Tseng, Chien-Wei, and 曾建瑋. "A Dynamic Real-time Recognition and Warning System for Traffic Speed Limit Signs." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36935102339354104762.

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碩士
崑山科技大學
數位生活科技研究所
104
The topic is very important. Static identification is vulnerable to environmental factors while dynamic identification can reduce it but with a slow speed. This study proposes a system based on dynamic image processing. The system first detect whether there is a speed limitation sign. Once the sign has been detected, the system will lock the sign and take a series of images. Then, the system performs image processing to avoid noise interference. Then the system uses Google Maintained Tesseract-OCR Identification System to recognize. Each image will be count the repetition rate and the highest one will be selected. The recognition rate is about 85% in average under the condition that when the car speed is about 60~70 kilometers and a good weather. Though the recognition rate is not so high, however, for the assistance of the drivers, the system is feasible enough.
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39

Lee, Ching En, and 李慶恩. "Integrated Control Chart for Vital Signs Early Warning of Long-term Care Patients." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12054000356657328532.

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碩士
龍華科技大學
資訊管理系碩士班
101
People are living longer because of advances in medical and health technology, and elderly population gradually increased. With the effects of low birth rate, the number of elderly living in long-term care institutions was gradually increased. However, the number of nurses in institutions is fixed, so how to use information technology to assist them to monitor the vital signs of the elderly is a worth discussing topic. Furthermore, it is lack to set the earninig warning range of the elderly’s vital signs that meet their personal situation, and there are few papers using the control charts in the research of the earninig warning range of the individual patients’ vital signs. Therefore, this study used the univariate and multivariate control chart techniques for long-term care patients to look for a variety of the warning range of their vital signs, and proposed the earning warning methods for the individual patient’s vital signs. This study proposed the whole and individual health interval for the four vital signs such as temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure in the univariate analysis. The whole interval is divided into normal human interval and the subjective long-term care elderly’s interval. And the individual interval is divided into personal interval and statistical process control (SPC) interval. The normal human intervals are referenced from the literatures. The subjective long-term care elderly’s intervals are set by adjusting the normal human intervals in accordance with the average of the experimental samples. The personal interval is set by looking for a suit one from the individual's averages plus or minus a few standard deviations. The last SPC interval is set by using SPC software to calculate the individual values and moving range to find the individual healthy interval. According to the four healthy intervals described above, this study sets three alarm interval colors of red (R), yellow (Y) and green (G) in accordance with the severity. In the multivariate analysis, this study used the Hotelling T2 control chart method to consider three vital signs such as body temperature, pulse and blood pressure at the same time. This study sets the multivariate early warning by using the upper limit identified from the Hotelling T2 control chart and the orange (O) warning light is truned on when the observed value exceeds the upper limit. In practical operation, this study suggests the automated sliding warning interval that uses the concept of the time window to calculate the next warning intervals. When the system is moinitoring the patients’ vital signs, it will fine-tune the warning intervals automaticly and dynamicly. So adjusting the personal health interval automaticly and dynamically can be better to meet the demand of setting the intervals according to the patient's condition, and it can also reduce the nurses’ workload. In the future, we can use the artificial neural networks or other data mining techniques to analyze the impact of age, gender and disease for vital signs to find out some groups, and then use our early warning method to find more suitable intervals of these different groups.
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40

林暉順. "Effects of prohibitive and warning traffic signs design on drivers’ subjective preference and visual performance." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53617025936655145042.

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碩士
大葉大學
工業工程研究所
90
Prohibitive and warning signs are two major traffic signs used to introduce traffic information to drivers. Because prohibitive traffic signs provide prohibitive information by negatively presented concept and warning traffic signs provide warning information by symbol in the triangular frame, the effect of prohibitive and warning traffic signs design on users'' subjective preference and visual performance deserves to be discussed further. This study includes two experiments. A preference-rating test was held in stage I of experiment I to investigate the prohibitive traffic signs effects of sign-type (twelve types) and slash-type (a slash over the symbol, a slash under the symbol, a partial slash, and a translucent slash) on the subjects’ subjective preference. Analysis of results showed that subjects showed the worst preference on signs with translucent slash and partial slash. Additionally for sign 1, sign 2, sign 7, sign 8 and sign 9, subjects performed no significant different preference on signs with over slash and under slash. However for sign 3, sign 4, sign 11 and sign 12, subjects showed significantly better preference on signs with under slash than signs with over slash, and subjects showed no significantly different preference on signs with over slash, translucent slash, and partial slash for sign 5 and sign 10. A driving simulating experiment was developed in stage II of experiment I to evaluate the prohibitive traffic signs effects of sign-type, slash-type, age (a young group, a middle-aged group, and an elderly group), illuminance conditions (daylight and dusk) and driving velocity (40 and 60 km/hr) on the subjects’ visual performance. Analysis of results showed that sign type, slash type, illuminance conditions, and driving velocity were all significant factors for the subjects’ visual performance. Subjects performed better visual performance when the pictorials of traffic signs were simple, clear and when its slash did not cover the major pictorial features of signs. Subjects performed the best visual performance for signs with partial slash; then under slash and translucent slash, and performed the worst visual performance for signs with over slash. Generally, young and middle-aged groups performed significantly better visual performance than the elderly group. The visual performance of young and middle-aged groups was significantly better than the elderly group for sign 4, sign 5, sign 6, sign 9, sign 10, sign 11 and sign 12. However for sign 1, sign 2, sign 3, sign 7 and sign 8, young group performed the best visual performance; then middle-aged group, and the elderly group performed the worst visual performance. Regarding the illuminance condition of driving, subjects performed better visual performance in daylight. The preference-rating test was also held in stage I of experiment II to investigate the warning traffic signs effects of sign-type (twelve types) and the symbol size (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of the sign area) on the subjects’ subjective preference. Analysis of results showed that the symbol size was a significant factor for the subjects’ preference. The 20% symbol size was the most significantly preferred signs; then 25% and 15%, and the 10 % symbol size was the worst preferred signs design. The driving simulating experiment was also held in stage II of experiment II to evaluate the warning traffic signs effects of sign-type, the symbol size, age (a young group, a middle-aged group, and an elderly group), illuminance conditions (daylight and dusk) and driving velocity (40 and 60 km/hr) on the subjects’ visual performance. Analysis of results showed that sign type, the symbol size, illuminance conditions, and driving velocity were all significant factors for the subjects’ visual performance. Subjects performed better visual performance when the symbols of traffic signs were simple, clear and with appropriate interval between the symbol and the triangular frame. Generally, young and middle-aged groups performed better visual performance than the elderly group. Additionally, young and middle-age groups performed the best visual performance on signs with 20% and 25% symbol sizes; then 15% symbol size, and performed the most visual performance on signs with 10% symbol size. However, elderly group showed the best visual performance on signs with 20% symbol size; then 25% and 15% symbol sizes; and performed the worst visual performance on signs with 10% symbol size. Regarding the illuminance condition of driving, subjects performed better visual performance in daylight.
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41

Hong, Jing-Yi, and 洪靜儀. "Using Visual Analytics to Establish Feedback Mechanisms for Warning Signs of Financial Distress with Data Mining." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53arw5.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
會計系
105
Recently there has been much attention paid to financial crises of a company. Therefore, we look at the relationship between the financial situation of the company before the crisis and the probability of a financial crisis occurring. The financial situation included financial positioning, profit and cash flow prior to the financial crisis. This paper continues the research of Tsai(2016), it uses visualization software to analyze financial information from a company’s financial statements. The usability of the data mining analysis was put into chart form. Furthermore, verifies the results feasibility of using financial indicators to notify the company of potential problems. The results of data mining and financial indicators were used to generate the data and use cases used in this paper. Tableau was used to visualize the financial warning indicators chart, which will be given to experts to determine the applicability of the chart and the feasibility of using the defined financial indicators. The same chart serves as the feedback mechanism for the results gathered from data mining. Utilizing a questionnaire and the chart to determine whether the usability of the financial indicators and the results from data mining and also the feedback mechanism. Using the results of the questionnaire we can verify the thresholds of the domain-driven data mining decision tree. We can check if it is applicable to the electronics and traditional industry. The visualization chart can be used to support the data analysis and the feasibility of the feedback mechanism. The study concludes that only using a single financial indicator cannot fully warn companies of potential financial crisis. Using a combination of financial indicators on a dashboard, the visual analytics chart can be used to compare the financial indicators to determine if a company might have a financial crisis. The design of the warning threshold and the explanation of the financial indicators can affect the user’s configuration of the dashboard which may affect the results of the feedback mechanism.
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42

LIN, KUNG-YU, and 林宮羽. "The Effects of the Suicide-Awareness Program in Enhancing Military Personnel’s Awareness of Suicide Warning Signs." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nqf9rp.

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碩士
慈濟大學
護理學系碩士班
105
Suicide is an important public health issue in Taiwan. In 2016, suicide death rate in the males is about 2.1 times that of the females (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2016). Compared to other occupations, Army consists of mainly males and it is characterized by hierarchy, obedience, and mobilization of duties which all make soldiers a high-pressure population. Therefore, the soldier's suicide issues and prevention strategies need to be concerned more seriously.Previous literature revealed that most suicide victims scarcely seek professional help for their suicidal ideation before action. However, in one week to ten days before the attempts of self-injury, more than half of all suicidal individuals conveyed significantly relevant verbal, nonverbal or behavioral messages to nearby persons. If these aforementioned clues can be recognized, the potential suicide victims can be identified for intervention.To reduce suicide risk, regardless of rank level in military personnel, everyone is anticipated to have the ability to detect suicide warning signs and help potential suicide victims. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a suicide-awareness program to enhance military personnel’s awareness of suicide warning signs. The study is a randomized control trial. In the interest of convenience, the researcher sampled a total of 144 military personnel from two army battalions in Eastern Taiwan. The study period lasted from May to June 2017. After singed inform consent provided, the participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group or control group.All participants were asked to complete questionnaires (including the “Awareness of Suicide Warning signs Questionnaire” and the “Demographic Data” Questionnaire) before taking the education session. These questionnaires provided demographic data and information about military personnel’s pre-training awareness of suicide warning signs and their responses while encountering a potentially suicidal individual. After filling in the questionnaires, all participants underwent the educational intervention. Both groups attended the 30-min regular mental health education. At the end of the regular mental health course, the control group was asked to complete the same questionnaires again. The experimental group continued to receive the 90-min suicide-awareness program and complete the same questionnaires again afterwards. Data were collected in May to June 2017, providing a total of 139 valid questionnaires. We used the SPSS for Windows (version 22.0) statistical software to analyze the data. The result showed that: 1. At the pretest, 139 participants were only aware of 15 items (47%) of the 32 items of suicidal warning signs, and only 33% of 139 participants presented that they would suggest seeking professional help if encountering a potentially suicidal individual.2. The results of the pre-test showed that the mean scores on awareness of suicide warning signs were not affected by demographic variables. However, those participants who believed there will be signs before committing suicide did exhibit a better awareness.3.After the intervention, the mean scores of experimental group on awareness of suicide warning signs increased from 4.04 to 4.44,( p＜0.05).The experimental group was aware of 29 items (91%) of the 32 items of suicidal warning signs. Moreover, the number of those who would suggest their colleague seek professional help in the experimental group increased from 26 at pre-training to 46 at post-training (p＜0.05).In contrast, statistical analyses showed that the difference in control group on the mean scores of awareness of suicide warning signs and their responses if encountering a potentially suicidal individual were not statistically significant. It shows that the placement of the suicide awareness program can enhance the military personnel’s ability to be aware of suicide warning signs and then further strengthen their willingness in referral. Therefore, in order to facilitate the effectiveness of suicide prevention in the military, it is recommended to incorporate the 90-minute suicide awareness program implemented in this study into the routine mental health education program. Keywords: suicide , suicide warning signs, suicide awareness, military personnel
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43

Hale, Brian-Cutler, and 何柏宏. "Detecting Fraud and Discovering the Warning Signs to Protect the Individual Investor:A Study of Corporate Fraud." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39261798431880025753.

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碩士
國立成功大學
國際管理碩士在職專班
96
In today’s turbulent financial markets, fraud and corporate scandals have become increasing common. New technologies have made it much more difficult for individual investors to detect and safeguard themselves from these increasingly complex scams. Over the past ten years corporate governance principles have been tested, and the weaknesses found in ethical values have made it even more important to be exceedingly aware of the inner workings of corporations. Much research has been done analyzing these companies and their leadership to find the reasons behind the perpetrated fraud. With the help of archival data we can find ways to alert the individual investor, making him more aware of the possibility that accounting figures that seem ‘too good to be true’ – may actually be false. In this paper we examine the internal and external causes of fraud in order to discover methods of early detection and prevention.
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44

CHANG, Mei-Chun, and 張美春. "The Research of the Warning Signs Design of “Do not play with fire” to Preschool Children." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60017516214099428426.

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博士
國立雲林科技大學
設計學研究所
103
Accidents are a leading cause of death to preschool children in Taiwan. There are thousands of children unfortunately killed or injured because of fire every year worldwide (Peden et al., 2008). According to the statistics, about two events monthly that children play with fire because of neglect and lack of safety education in Taiwan. Accidents are a constant threat to the lives of children, because preschool children are accident prone, this study targets on preschool children ages form 4 to 6 and their recognition of warning signs. This study consists of two surveys. The expressions of warning signs survey attempted to explore how preschool children use drawings to express the image of “do not play with fire”. The cognitions of warning signs survey used a questionnaire to determine children’s understanding of warning signs; and interview method was conducted with the subjects to verify the extent of their comprehension. In the expressions of warning signs, the results Among the expressions of “do not play with fire,” a “scene of fire” was mostly drew by the 4 and 6-year-old children, who mainly portrayed scenarios depicting the harms caused by playing with fire; “do not play with fire” was used by the 5-year-old children, who mainly used images to express the concept. In terms of the visual representation of “do not play with fire,” the 6-year-old children tended to use symbol representation, mainly the cross; the 5-year-old children tended to use action representation, mainly the palm. In the cognitions of warning signs, the results reveal that preschool children’s understanding of warning pictograms is tightly linked with their life experience and age. Most of the preschool children were able to recognize palm and triangle frame images, and “red” color as indicating warning. The differences among 4 and 5-year-olds children recognized “palm” the most as a prohibit sign, whereas 6-year-olds children recognized “cross” the most. Using simple and concrete images are able to inform children of possible injury, which effectively achieves the educational goals of these images. Therefore, based on the results of these investigations, which suggests that while designing and educating of children warning signs in the future, it should take the results of this study as reference.
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45

Wang, Chin-Cheng, and 王金城. "The Study on Recognition of Campus’s Public Safety and Awareness Percentage of Warning Signs for Elementary School Students." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27219385149975616821.

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碩士
國立臺南大學
教師在職進修自然碩士學位班
93
The method of survey was adopted in this study, focusing on 1010 students with 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grades in elementary school in four South cities/counties as the object. It was aimed at the discussion of objects’ recognition of campus’s public safety, the awareness percentage of existing safety warning signs and the level of confusion on these signs, so that as the basis of the evaluation on the place to be set up “safety sign board” and that of the improvement of safety warning signs. This study was conducted in three steps. Firstly, the methods of Likert-type scales and Match were adopted to investigate the danger factor across the campus, to evaluate the awareness percentage on safety warning signs, and to analyze the confusion matrix. In the second step, by referring to the existing books of the icon design, the principles of a set of icon design was categorized and integrated. Then, the awareness percentage which were less than 67% standard value from ISO suggested and high confusion signs were re-designed, and I used the Preference method to evaluate the preference of signs. Finally, the Match method was adopted again for evaluating the awareness percentage and analyzing confusion matrix. The result showed: 1. The activity space on campus which is dangerous for children can be divided into five levels. They are laboratories, classrooms and corridors, kitchen and the associated facilities, each entrance on campus, and sport equipment area, while the danger factors which cause accidents more easily are stumble by protruding objects, slip, hit head by short buildings, hit body by falling objects, and converging attack hands. 2. In the first step with 15 safety warning signs, there are ten signs which awareness percentage are beyond 67% standard value ISO suggested, and there are five ones without reaching the standard value. In addition, even some signs are beyond 67% standard value, but in the meantime there is the occurrence of confusion. 3. The signs which have been re-designed and evaluated by Preference method were beyond 67% standard value ISO suggested in the evaluation of second time match method. Compare to the first time one, the overall awareness percentage (89.8%) were obviously different (p<.001).Upon the results stated above, I suggest that, in the future, when each elementary school plan on designing safety warning signs, the meaning, recognition, and the design of the signs should be suitable for the elementary school students’ personal factor. I hope, when joining the activities on campus, the students can learn more about the information the signs attempt to deliver. Thus when recognition and activity combines together, safety will come afterward.
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46

Silva, Pedro Miguel Alves da. "Clinical deterioration detection for continuous vital signs monitoring using wearable sensors." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/115385.

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Surgical patients are at risk of experiencing clinical deterioration events, especially when transferred to general wards during the postoperative period of their hospital stay. Cur rently, such events are detected by combining Early Warning Scores (EWS) with manual and periodical vital signs measurements, performed by nurses every 4 to 6 hours. Hence, deterioration may remain unnoticed for hours, delaying patient treatment, which might lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Also, EWS are inadequate to predict events so physiologically complex. So that early warning of deterioration could be provided, it was investigated the potential of warning systems that combine machine learning-based prediction models with continuous vital signs monitoring, provided by wearable sensors. This dissertation presents the development of such a warning system, fully indepen dent of manual measurements and based on a logistic regression prediction model with 85% sensitivity, 79% precision and 98% specificity. Additionally, a new personalized ap proach to handle missing data periods in vital signs and a novel variation of a RR-interval preprocessing technique were developed. The results obtained revealed a relevant im provement in the detection of deterioration events and a significant reduction in false alarms, when comparing the warning system with a commonly employed EWS (42% sensitivity, 14% precision and 90% specificity). It was also found that the developed sys tem can assess patient’s condition much more frequently and with timely deterioration detection, without even requiring nurses to interrupt their workflow. These findings sup port the idea that these warning systems are reliable, more practical, more appropriate and produce smarter alarms than current methods, making early deterioration detection possible, thus contributing for better patients outcomes. Nonetheless, the performance achieved may yet reveal insufficient for application in real clinical contexts. Therefore, further work is necessary to improve prediction performance to a greater extent and to confirm these systems reliability.
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47

Shie, Tsae-Ling, and 施采伶. "Examining the Warning Signs of Financial and Non-financial Factors in Delisting Companies :Evidence from Taiwan`s Stock Market." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51435702989519929306.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
98
This research differs from the previous ones in several ways. I use 15 financial variables and 8 non-financial variables to build up financial crisis forecasting model. Through two-phase models, I use Logit model to analyze their forecasting capabilities of these financial and non-financial variables first, and then use the D-Score model to evaluate the D scores of the delisting companies. Research sample period covers form 2004 to 2009, and I apply to 52 delisting companies. Comparing the D-score of the delisting companies with those of the normal companies, the D-Score model is used to demonstrate factors that can be used to predict the probabilities of delisting in the coming years. The results of this study show that the financial factors such as Debt ratio, Quick ratio, Operating Profit ratio, EPS, Operating Free Cash Flows; and the non-financial factors such as Director Ownership ratio, Director Pledge ratio, Change of Managing Director, President and Accounting Supervisors, have explanatory power for the delisting events. Using the D-Score model, the average score of the delisting companies is 6.94, which is higher than that of the normal companies, indicating that these financial and non-financial variables can be used to forecast which companies will go bankruptcy in the future. Applying this model to 2007-2009 delisting companies, the D-Score is 6.58, (which is well above the benchmark the models predict). Thus I believe that the Logit and the D-Score model are effective for forecasting whether companies will delist or not.
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48

Moharam, Mona. "Intraoperative monitoring of cochlear nerve function during acoustic neuroma surgery with transtemporal approach: Warning signs as predictors of postoperative hearing loss." Doctoral thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.25972/OPUS-21136.

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Abstract:
Objectives: The aim of this work is to define critical warning brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) signs as a marker for the postoperative hearing outcome. Study design: Retrospective study Setting: Tertiary referral center Patients: 162 patients who underwent resection of acoustic neuroma via a transtemporal approach with intraoperative monitoring (IOM) at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Esthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, from January 2011 to December 2017. Interventions: BAEP was performed in all patients; while intraoperative direct recording of the cochlear nerve function was done in 131 patients. Main Outcome Measure: postoperative hearing thresholds (Pure tone audiometry). Results: The most significant risk factor is the permanent loss of wave V as it increases the risk of postoperative hearing loss by 18 times; followed by three-steps increment of the stimulus intensity as it increases the risk by 5.75 times; and finally the response thresholds obtained during the intraoperative direct recording of cochlear nerve function. Each unite increment of the threshold increases the risk of postoperative hearing loss by 6.7%. Conclusions: We believe that the intraoperative BAEP critical signs during IOM detected in this study can be used as a helpful tool to predict postoperative hearing loss in patients with acoustic neuroma
In dieser Studie wurde die intraoperativ durchgeführte Hirnstammaudiometrie (BAEP) sowie die intraoperative direkte Ableitung der cochleären Nervenfunktion bei 162 Patienten analysiert, um die kritischen Zeichen für einen postoperativen Hörverlust nach transtemporaler Akustikusneurinomoperation zu identifizieren. Eine logistische Regressionsanalyse wurde durchgeführt, um herauszufinden, wie viel diese Zeichen zur Prädiktion eines postoperativen Hörverlustes beitragen. Die signifikanten Warnzeichen für einen postoperativen Hörverlust können vom kritischsten zum am wenigsten kritischen wie folgt angeordnet werden: 1. permanenter intraoperativer Verlust der Welle V, 2. permanenter intraoperativer Verlust der Welle V in Kombination mit einer dreischrittigen Erhöhung der Stimulusintensität und 3. dreischrittige Erhöhung der Stimulusintensität, um eine klare Reaktion zu erhalten. Die Sensitivität und Spezifität jedes oben genannten signifikanten intraoperativen BAEP-Zeichens wurde berechnet. Der permanente intraoperative Verlust der Welle V war das spezifischste Zeichen. Diedreischrittige Erhöhung der Stimulusintensität, um eine klare Reaktion zu erhalten hatte die höchste Sensitivität. Die dreischrittige Anhebung der Stimulusintensität, um klare Reaktionen zu erhalten, stellt somit ein effektives Warnzeichen für eine mögliche intraoperative Schädigung des Nervus cochlearis dar. Dies kann genutzt werden, um den Chirurgen frühzeitig, d.h. vor dem Auftreten eines permanenten intraoperativen Verlustes der Welle V, zu alarmieren. In Bezug auf die direkte Ableitung der cochleären Nervenfunktion wurde es fest gestellt , dass je höher die intraoperativen Schwellen der direkten Ableitung der cochleären Nervenfunktion sind, desto höher ist die Häufigkeit des postoperativen Hörverlusts. Die intraoperative direkte Ableitung der cochleären Nervenfunktion hat eine Sensitivität von 77,42% und eine Spezifität von 55,56% bei einem optimalen Grenzwert > 57,5 dBnHL. Schlussfolgend lässt sich sagen, dass die intraoperativen BAEPs und die direkte Ableitung der cochleären Nervenfunktion eine wichtige Rolle bei derVorhersage des postoperativen Hörverlusts bei Patientenwährend der Resektion eines Akustikusneurinoms spielen
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49

Tung, Chia-Yi, and 董家檥. "Improving outcome in cardiopulmonary resuscitation for hospital inpatients: systems to prevent cardiac arrests through recognition of early warning signs and timely intervention." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qgz83b.

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Abstract:
碩士
義守大學
管理碩博士班
104
It is often ignored to recognize early signs of sudden cardiac arrest and risk factors of clinical deterioration, when rapid assessment and resuscitation of critical conditions in in-hospital or out-of-hospital may need to be carried out. The study aim was to investigate the relationship and outcomes of cardiac arrest, early warning signs and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospital inpatients. The is a retrospective chart review study by reviewing clinical data of patients who experienced sudden cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The patients’ medical records in hospital data bank dated from January 2013 to December 2014 were collected from a large mental hospital in southern Taiwan. The data were analyzed by applying SAS 9.4 full version. A total of 310 patients met entry criteria. Results showed that demographic variables such as age and sex were not significantly correlated with success in first aid management. Internal Medicine had more cases of cardiac arrest, although it did not reach statistically significant difference. The past history of diseases such as heart failure, respiratory failure and cancers was shown to be non- statistically significant correlated for first aid management. Initial respiration changes when emergency occurs and success in first aid management were statistically significant correlated. Early warning signs such as temperature, heart rates, pulse rates, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, blood oxygen saturation and pain scores showed significant differences over time. A number of results were found: (1). patients had significant changes in respiratory rates (P =0.01), blood oxygen saturation (P =0.01) and pain scores (P =0.002) within first monitored one hour of the warning signs. (2). Significant changes in temperature (P=0.008), respiratory rates (P =0.001), pulse rates (P =0.03) and blood oxygen saturation (P =0.01) in the monitored second hour of the warning signs. (3). Significant changes in blood oxygen saturation (P =0.03) in the monitored third hour of the warning signs. (4). Significant changes in respiratory rates (P =0.03) in the monitored fourth hour of the warning signs. (5). Changes of heart rates (P =0.036), respiratory rates (P =0.013), pulse rates (P =0.029), and systolic pressure (P=0.005) were all reached statistical significance in the monitored fifth hour of the warning signs. A total of 266 inpatients showed first monitored rhythm as ventricular flutter (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). Twenty-six patients (9.8%) received prompt defibrillation. Three inpatients’ defibrillation (1.1%) after the appearance of VT/VF is within three minutes. A rate of survival from cardiac arrest was associated with VT and VF to 31 inpatients (11.7%) There are a total of 39 inpatients (14.5%) who signed do not resuscitate (DNR) or removed life support system in 269 pulseless and no heartbeat deaths after first aid management. Reasons of cessation of CPR include patients with a hopeless prognosis (N=89, 28.7%), death (N=50, 16.1%), family signed DNR after first aid management (N=39, 12.6%), requests from family to end CPR (N=17, 5.5%), and return of spontaneous circulation after first aid management (N=149, 41.6%). The study also found that early warning signs and prompt defibrillation is beneficial to rate of survival. Hopefully, this study could help to improve the assessments of in-hospital cardiac arrest and early warning signs in order to decrease the incidences of cardiac arrest of inpatients, increase the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and inpatients’ survival rates, and decrease the physiological and psychological impacts and admission days.
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50

Faisal, Muhammad, D. Richardson, Andy J. Scally, R. Howes, K. Beatson, K. Speed, and Mohammad A. Mohammad. "Computer-aided National Early Warning Score to predict the risk of sepsis following emergency medical admission to hospital: a model development and external validation study." 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17028.

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Abstract:
Yes
Background: In English hospitals, the patient’s vital signs are monitored and summarised into a National Early Warning Score (NEWS). NEWS is more accurate than the quick sepsis related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score at identifying patients with sepsis. We investigate the extent to which the accuracy of the NEWS is enhanced by developing computer-aided NEWS (cNEWS) models. We compared three cNEWS models (M0=NEWS alone; M1=M0 + age + sex; M2=M1 + subcomponents of NEWS + diastolic blood pressure) to predict the risk of sepsis. Methods: All adult emergency medical admissions discharged over 24-months from two acute hospitals (YH–York Hospital for model development; NH–Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospital for external model validation). We used a validated Canadian method for defining sepsis from administrative hospital data. Findings: The prevalence of sepsis was lower in YH (4.5%=1596/35807) than NH (8.5%=2983/35161). The c-statistic increased across models (YH: M0: 0.705, M1:0.763, M2:0.777; NH:M0: 0.708, M1:0.777, M2:0.791). At NEWS 5+, sensitivity increased (YH: 47.24% vs 50.56% vs 52.69%; NH: 37.91% vs 43.35% vs 48.07%)., the positive likelihood ratio increased (YH: 2.77 vs 2.99 vs 3.06; NH: 3.18 vs 3.32 vs 3.45) and the positive predictive value increased (YH: 11.44% vs 12.24% vs 12.49%; NH: 22.75% vs 23.55% vs 24.21%). Interpretation: From the three cNEWS models, Model M2 is the most accurate. Since it places no additional data collection burden on clinicians and can be automated, it may now be carefully introduced and evaluated in hospitals with sufficient informatics infrastructure.
The Health Foundation, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Yorkshire and Humberside Patient Safety Translational Research Centre
Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, April 2019.
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