Journal articles: 'Warmed'

1

Leonard, Sue, Aislinn Hunter, Patricia O'Reilly, and Sharon Owens. "Getting Warmed Up." Books Ireland, no. 263 (2003): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20632646.

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Williams, Howard. "Death Warmed up." Journal of Material Culture 9, no. 3 (November 2004): 263–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183504046894.

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Husain, Farouk. "Warmed by contrails." New Scientist 210, no. 2810 (April 2011): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)60983-4.

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Martindale, Diane. "Warmed-Up Genes." Scientific American 286, no. 1 (January 2002): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0102-23c.

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Bonn, Dorothy. "Greenhouse Gases Warmed Prehistoric Oceans." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2, no. 1 (February 2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3868277.

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Ha, Giang Le, Lois Kwon, and Jeffrey Lubin. "Warmed IV Fluids to Neonates." Air Medical Journal 41, no. 1 (January 2022): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.08.022.

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&NA;. "Less Pain with Warmed Lidocaine." American Journal of Nursing 96, no. 6 (June 1996): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199606000-00052.

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Straus, L. G. "ARCHAEOLOGY: As Our World Warmed." Science 303, no. 5662 (February 27, 2004): 1300b—1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1092953.

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Hall, A. P. "Warmed propofol, a cautionary note." Anaesthesia 51, no. 11 (November 1996): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb15031.x.

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Marshall, Michael. "Sauropod farts warmed the planet." New Scientist 214, no. 2864 (May 2012): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(12)61204-4.

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Mitchell, Laura W., and Barbara L. Leighton. "Warmed diluent speeds dantrolene reconstitution." Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 50, no. 2 (February 2003): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03017843.

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Alegretti, J. R., J. Fioravanti, P. A. Hassun, P. C. Serafini, E. L. A. Motta, and G. D. Smith. "Similar pregnancy rates from vitrified/warmed embryos and embryos derived from vitrified/warmed oocytes." Fertility and Sterility 90 (September 2008): S270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1155.

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Wyatt, Kevin H., Jill S. Bange, Andrea S. Fitzgibbon, Melody J. Bernot, and Allison R. Rober. "Nutrients and temperature interact to regulate algae and heterotrophic bacteria in an Alaskan poor fen peatland." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 3 (March 2015): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0425.

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Permafrost thaw associated with warmer temperatures is expected to elevate nutrient levels in northern aquatic ecosystems, including peatlands. To evaluate these effects on algae and heterotrophic bacteria, we manipulated nutrients (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) and temperature (ambient and warmed) in a factorial design using nutrient diffusing substrates inside warming chambers in an Alaskan peatland. After 16 days, there was no effect of warming on the abundance of algae or heterotrophic bacteria in the absence of nutrient enrichment. Algal production and bacterial biomass were substantially elevated by N with and without P (NP and N, respectively), independent of warming. Warming significantly enhanced the effect of nutrient enrichment on the abundance of algae and heterotrophic bacteria compared with ambient temperatures. Rates of N fixation increased with the presence of heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria, which represented a greater proportion of algal taxonomic composition in the absence of N enrichment in both ambient and warmed conditions. Our results indicate that warmer temperatures and nutrient enrichment will elevate algal and heterotrophic metabolism in northern peatlands, and the magnitude of increase will depend on the combination of nutrients available during periods of inundation.

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Ott, Douglas, and George Johnston. "Severe evaporation by warmed only gas causes hypothermia and is prevented by warmed wet gas." Fertility and Sterility 78 (September 2002): S172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03852-9.

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Azhar, Fowz, James E. Dyer, and Laurence Clarke. "Is it necessary to use forced air warming in core endourological procedures where warmed intravenous and irrigation fluids are routinely used?" Journal of Clinical Urology 12, no. 5 (December 11, 2018): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415818816544.

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Objective: Perioperative hypothermia is an important consideration for all surgical specialties, but susceptibility may vary between them. Current guidance on prevention of this does not differentiate between specialties. We hypothesise that in core endourological surgery, the use of warmed irrigation sufficiently protects patients from hypothermia and that forced air warming (FAW) does not provide any added benefit. Materials and methods: Between November 2015 and January 2016, all case notes were reviewed for patients who had undergone core urological procedures. Data collated included age, body mass index, procedure length, perioperative temperatures and warming methods used. The sample population was stratified according to warming devices used. The difference in temperature change between groups was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and in specific groups using the Student’s t-test. Perioperative hypothermia was defined as a finishing temperature < 36.0°C or a temperature drop of greater that 1.0°C. Results: Perioperative hypothermia occurred in 2 out of 226 patients, both from those receiving FAW, warmed irrigation and warmed intravenous (IV) fluid. No significant difference was noted between all groups in terms of absolute temperature change (ANOVA P = 0.111). Furthermore, there was no significant change in absolute temperature when comparing groups with FAW, warmed irrigation and warmed IV fluid with those with warmed irrigation and warmed IV fluid alone. Conclusion: The routine use of FAW in core endourological surgery may not be necessary. In most procedures, particularly those of short duration, there appears to be no added benefit in using FAW in combination with warmed irrigation and IV fluid. Level of evidence: 3b

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&NA;. "HOT study warmed up and off." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 889 (May 1993): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199308890-00044.

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Fairén, Alberto G. "Icy Mars lakes warmed by methane." Nature Geoscience 10, no. 10 (October 2017): 717–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3037.

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SATO, KUNITO, and GERALD R. HEGARTY. "WARMED-OVER FLAVOR IN COOKED MEATS." Journal of Food Science 36, no. 7 (June 28, 2008): 1098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1971.tb03355.x.

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Monastersky, R. "Industrial Countries Warmed Most at Night." Science News 141, no. 1 (January 4, 1992): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3976244.

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KRATHEN, RICHARD A., and HEIDI B. DONNELLY. "Warmed Local Anesthetic for Dermatologic Surgery." Dermatologic Surgery 34, no. 9 (September 2008): 1239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200809000-00013.

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KRATHEN, RICHARD A., and HEIDI B. DONNELLY. "Warmed Local Anesthetic for Dermatologic Surgery." Dermatologic Surgery 34, no. 9 (September 2008): 1239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34266.x.

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Licata, E., G. Dani, M. Antinori, F. Cerusico, C. Versaci, and S. Antinori. "IMSI procedure on vitrified/warmed oocytes." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 17 (September 2008): S—31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60664-0.

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Giles, Jim. "News Review 2007: A world warmed." New Scientist 196, no. 2635-2636 (December 2007): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(07)63179-0.

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Faries, C., C. Johnston, and R. Plouff. "ATTEMPTS TO DELIVER WARMED INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS." Pediatric Emergency Care 6, no. 3 (September 1990): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-199009000-00034.

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Bang, Soyoung, Hyejin Shin, Haengseok Song, Chang Suk Suh, and Hyunjung Jade Lim. "Autophagic activation in vitrified–warmed mouse oocytes." REPRODUCTION 148, no. 1 (July 2014): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0036.

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Vitrification involves the use of cryoprotectants (CPAs) and liquid nitrogen (LN2), which may cause osmotic damage and cryoinjury to oocytes. Autophagy is widely recognized as a survival or response mechanism elicited by various environmental and cellular stressors. However, the induction of autophagy in vitrified–warmed oocytes has not been examined. In this work, we investigated whether the vitrification–warming process induces autophagy in mouse oocytes. Metaphase II (MII) oocytes that were vitrified and stored in LN2for at least 2 weeks were used in the study. In RT-PCR analyses, we observed that severalAtggenes such asAtg5,Atg7,Atg12,LC3a(Map1lc3a),LC3b(Map1lc3b), andBeclin1were expressed in MII mouse oocytes. Slight reduction in mRNA levels ofAtg7andAtg12in vitrified–warmed oocytes was noted, and expression of these genes was not significantly influenced. Confocal live imaging analysis using oocytes from GFP-LC3 transgenic mice revealed that vitrified–warmed oocytes had a significantly higher number of GFP-LC3 puncta in comparison to fresh oocytes. The expression of BECLIN1 protein was also increased in vitrified–warmed oocytes. Treatment with 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, did not significantly affect the rates of oocyte survival, IVF, and embryonic development after warming and IVF. The results suggest that the observed autophagic activation in vitrified–warmed oocytes is a natural adaptive response to cold stress. Collectively, we show for the first time that vitrified–warmed mouse oocytes exhibit autophagic activation during warming and that this response is not induced by CPA-containing solutions. The induction of autophagy by cold temperature is first reported herein.

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Yasui, Daisuke, Satoru Murata, Shiro Onozawa, Takahiko Mine, Tatsuo Ueda, Fumie Sugihara, Chiaki Kawamoto, Eiji Uchida, and Shin-ichiro Kumita. "Improved Efficacy of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Using Warmed Miriplatin for Hepatocellular Carcinoma." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/359296.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using warmed and nonwarmed miriplatin for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eighty patients (117 nodules), treated between January 2010 and June 2013, were evaluated. Thirty-two and 85 nodules were treated with nonwarmed and warmed miriplatin, respectively. The efficacy of TACE was evaluated on a per nodule basis according to treatment effect (TE). Adverse events were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0. TE grades were significantly improved in the warmed group compared to the nonwarmed group (nonwarmed: TE 4, 12.5%; TE 3, 0%; TE 2, 15.6%; TE 1, 71.9%; warmed: TE 4, 34.1%; TE 3, 5.9%; TE 2, 9.4%; TE 1, 50.6%;P=0.017) . Multivariate analysis revealed significant impact of warming miriplatin on objective response rate (odds ratio, 12.35; 95% confidence interval, 2.90–90.0;P=0.0028). CTCAE grades of elevated aspartate and alanine transaminase after TACE were significantly higher in the warmed group (P=0.0083and 0.0068, resp.); however, all adverse events were only transient. The use of warmed miriplatin in TACE significantly improved TE without causing serious complications.

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Prabhakar, Abhini, and Trupti Pethkar. "The use of forced air warmer for the prevention of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia under general anaesthesia - A prospective observational study." Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2021.007.

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Temperature is an important parameter which determines patient outcomes perioperatively. Iatrogenic hypothermia during surgery under general anaesthesia leads to significant side effects which can be corrected with the use of active body surface warming devices like the forced air warmer. A prospective observational study was conducted with a sample size of 362 which included patients of either sex aged 18-65years posted for any elective surgery under general anaesthesia lasting >60 and ≤180minutes. Baseline oral temperature was recorded preoperatively. Patients were warmed with forced air warmer intraoperatively at 44°C with half hourly monitoring of nasopharyngeal temperature until extubation. Intravenous fluids were given at room temperature. Further, oral temperature was monitored at 15 and 60 minutes in post anaesthesia care unit and patients were warmed if hypothermic or shivering. The final mean intraoperative temperature (nasopharyngeal) was 36.01⁰C (n=362) with a range from 34.7⁰C to 37.1⁰C. 139 of 362(n) (38.4%) patients were hypothermic (<36⁰C) at the end of surgery. 61.6% of patients were normothermic. In 9 patients (2.5%, n=362) the forced air warmer was turned off due to over heating (temperature >37⁰C). 33 patients (n=362, 9.1%) had shivering postoperatively. Comparing the nasopharyngeal temperature (mean) at half hourly intervals post induction revealed statistically significant results (p<0.001). The establishment of near constant temperature (36±0.03°C) following the initial fall in core body temperature can be attributed to the forced air warmer. However, it is imperative to continuously monitor core body temperature to detect temperature changes(hypo/hyperthermia) in order to use the device safely as chances of overheating is always present.

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Arnal, Lorena Bori, José Celso Rocha, Laura Conversa Martínez, Akhil Garg, Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira, Aila Coello, Ana Cobo, and Marcos Meseguer. "APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON VITRIFIED/WARMED EMBRYOS: PREDICTION OF LIVE BIRTH FROM POST-WARMED BLASTOCYST DYNAMICS." Fertility and Sterility 118, no. 4 (October 2022): e113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.08.337.

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Chi, Fengli, Chengfeng Luo, Ping Yin, Ling Hong, Jingling Ruan, Meiyuan Huang, Tao Duan, and Guoqing Tong. "Vitrification of day 3 cleavage-stage embryos yields better clinical outcome in comparison with vitrification of day 2 cleavage-stage embryos." Zygote 23, no. 2 (August 22, 2013): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199413000373.

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SummaryThe objective of this retrospective study was to determine an optimal time point for vitrification of cleavage-stage human embryos. This study included patients who were undergoing day 2 or day 3 vitrified–warmed cleavage-stage embryo transfer at the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Programme of the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, China, affiliated to the Tongji University School of Medicine, from April 2010 to March 2012. Intervention was made for the entire cohort of vitrified embryos for poor responder patients so as to avoid severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Embryo survival rate (SR) after vitrification–warming, implantation rate (IR), and clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) were the main outcome measurements. In total, 380 vitrified–warmed cleavage-stage embryo transfer (VWT) cycles were included. We found that the SR after vitrification and warming for day 2 embryos and day 3 embryos were 92.7% and 92.8%, respectively. For poor ovarian responders, the IR of day 2 and day 3 vitrified–warmed embryos was 6.4% and 13.2%, respectively (P = 0.186). The CPR for day 3 vitrified–warmed embryos was significantly higher than that of day 2 vitrified–warmed embryos (17.6 vs. 4.0 % per transfer cycle, P = 0.036). For patients who had their entire cohort of embryos vitrified to prevent severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), the IR and CPR were not significantly different for day 2 and day 3 vitrified–warmed embryo transfer. In conclusion, for vitrified–warmed embryo transfer, cryopreservation of the entire cohort of embryos on day 3 resulted in better clinical outcomes compared with cryopreservation on day 2. Therefore, it is highly recommended that cleavage-stage embryos should be vitrified on day 3, but not on day 2, particularly for poor ovarian responder patients.

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Lovercamp, K. W., and A. Giri. "Effect of warmed semen extender on boar sperm quality post-collection." Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science 47, no. 2019 (January 1, 2019): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30956/mas-30.

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Abstract Semen used for artificial insemination (AI) in the swine industry is typically collected into a warmed semen collection cup containing an empty collection bag. If the ambient temperature does not closely match the temperature of the warmed collection cup and semen at the time of collection then negative effects to the motility and morphology of the sperm cells may occur due to temperature shock. The purpose of this research was to determine if collecting boar semen directly into semen extender warmed to 38.5°C would affect sperm quality post-collection. Sexually mature Berkshire x Duroc crossbred boars (n = 7) were semen collected once per week for four consecutive weeks. Every other collection, the boar's ejaculate was collected into a collection cup and plastic collection bag warmed to 38.5°C containing either no semen extender (control) or 100 mLs of a commercially available long-term semen extender warmed to 38.5°C (treatment). Following collection and processing, the semen was extended to 37.5 × 106 sperm/mL and stored for 6 days post-collection in a semen cooler at 17°C. Motility and morphology were evaluated on day 0 (day of collection) and day 6. There was no day x treatment effect (P > 0.05). Statistical differences (P = 0.03) were found between the treatment and control for sperm motility (82.2 vs. 75.2%) and sperm progressive motility (64.1 vs. 53.5%). No differences (P = 0.96) were present for normal sperm morphology in the treatment compared to the control (89.1 vs. 89.0%). These data suggest that boar semen ejaculates collected into a collection cup and plastic collection bag containing 100 mLs of semen extender warmed to 38.5°C will have greater percentages of motile and progressively motile sperm compared to boar sperm collected into a collection cup and plastic collection bag warmed to 38.5°C containing no semen extender.

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Patel, Akash, Jordan Green, Fahd Jowhari, and Lawrence Hookey. "Use of warm carbon dioxide insufflators does not affect intra-colonic gas temperature and has no effect on polyp detection rate during colonoscopy – a randomized controlled trial." Endoscopy International Open 05, no. 07 (July 2017): E683—E689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-107779.

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Abstract Background and study aims Methods to improve polyp detection during colonoscopy have been investigated, with conflicting results for warm water irrigation. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) warmed to 37 °C may have similar or more pronounced effects on bowel motility. This study aimed to assess whether warmed CO2 would improve polyp detection compared to room temperature air insufflation. Patients and methods This was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial that enrolled 204 patients undergoing screening or surveillance outpatient colonoscopy. The primary outcome was polyp per patient detection rate. Secondary outcomes included adenoma per patient detection rates, bowel spasm, and patient comfort. Results The trial was terminated after an interim analysis determined futility. Between the warmed CO2 and room air groups, no significant differences were found in the per-colonoscopy polyp detection rate (P = 0.57); overall polyp detection rate (P = 0.69); or adenoma detection rates (P = 0.74). More patients in the room temperature group had lower spasm scores (p = 0.02); however, there was a trend towards greater patient comfort in the warmed CO2 group (P = 0.054). An ex-vivo study showed a significant difference between exiting CO2 temperature at the insufflator end vs. delivered CO2 temperature at the colonoscope tip end. The temperature of insufflation at the tip of the colonoscope was not different when using warmed vs. unwarmed insufflation (P = 0.62). Conclusion When compared with room air insufflation, warmed CO2 insufflation did not affect polyp detection rates.

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Yoo, Jae Hwa, Si Young Ok, Sang Ho Kim, Ji Won Chung, Sun Young Park, Mun Gyu Kim, Ho Bum Cho, and Gyu Wan You. "Effects of 10-min of pre-warming on inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in intraoperative warming patients: a randomized controlled trial." Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 15, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17085/apm.20027.

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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 10-min pre-warming in preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia, which is defined as a reduction in body temperature to less than 36.0℃ during the perioperative period in intraoperative warming patients. Methods: In this prospective randomized study, 60 patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia lasting less than 120 min were divided into two groups: the 10-min pre-warming group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 30). Patients in the 10-min pre-warming group were pre-warmed for 10 min in the pre-anesthetic area using a forced-air warmer set at 47ºC. Intraoperatively, we warmed all patients with a forced-air warmer. Body temperature was measured using a tympanic membrane thermometer pre- or postoperatively and a nasopharyngeal temperature probe intraoperatively. Patients were evaluated on the shivering and thermal comfort scale in the pre-anesthetic area and post-anesthesia care unit. Results: The incidences of intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative hypothermia were similar in both groups (10.7% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.177; 10.7% vs. 10.7%, P = 1.000 respectively). Body temperature was higher in the 10-min pre-warming group (P = 0.003). Thermal comfort during the pre-warming period was higher in the 10-min pre-warming group (P < 0.001). However, postoperative thermal comfort and shivering grades of both groups were similar.Conclusions: Ten minutes of pre-warming has no additional effect on the prevention of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in intraoperative warming patients.

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Mattia, Ana Lúcia De, Maria Helena Barbosa, João Paulo Aché de Freitas Filho, Adelaide De Mattia Rocha, and Nathália Haib Costa Pereira. "Warmed intravenous infusion for controlling intraoperative hypothermia." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 21, no. 3 (June 2013): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692013000300021.

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OBJECTIVE: to verify the effectiveness of warmed intravenous infusion for hypothermia prevention in patients during the intraoperative period. METHOD: experimental, comparative, field, prospective and quantitative study undertaken at a federal public hospital. The sample was composed of 60 adults, included based on the criteria of axillary temperature between 36ºC and 37.1ºC and surgical abdominal access, divided into control and experimental groups, using the systematic probability sampling technique. RESULTS: 22 patients (73.4%) from both groups left the operating room with hypothermia, that is, with temperatures below 36ºC (p=1.0000). The operating room temperature when patients arrived and patients' temperature when they arrived at the operating room were statistically significant to affect the occurrence of hypothermia. CONCLUSION: the planning and implementation of nursing interventions carried out by baccalaureate nurses are essential for preventing hypothermia and maintaining perioperative normothermia.

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Myers, Norman. "Environmental Refugees in a Globally Warmed World." BioScience 43, no. 11 (December 1993): 752–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312319.

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Smoot, E. Clyde. "WARMED SALINE IRRIGATION IS OFTEN TOO HOT." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 107, no. 6 (May 2001): 1622–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200105000-00073.

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Rosenfield, Lorne K., and Paul J. Pitlyk. "Intraoperative Burns Secondary to Warmed IV Bags." Anesthesiology 90, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 616–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199902000-00037.

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Wixon, Devin L., and Teri C. Balser. "Toward conceptual clarity: PLFA in warmed soils." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 57 (February 2013): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.08.016.

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Frank, Steven M., Todd W. Hesel, Hossam K. El-Rahmany, Kha M. Tran, and Owen S. Bamford. "Warmed humidified inspired oxygen accelerates postoperative rewarming." Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 12, no. 4 (June 2000): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-8180(00)00156-2.

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Fialkov, J. A., and E. P. McDougall. "Warmed Local Anesthetic Reduces Pain of Infiltration." Annals of Plastic Surgery 36, no. 1 (January 1996): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-199601000-00003.

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Ramirez, Ramses M., and James F. Kasting. "Could cirrus clouds have warmed early Mars?" Icarus 281 (January 2017): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.016.

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Kovach, Christine. "DO WARMED BLANKETS CHANGE PAIN, AGITATION, MOOD, OR ANALGESIC USE AMONG NURSING HOME RESIDENTS?" Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2320.

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Abstract Warmed blankets have not been empirically tested for use in long-term care. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of warmed blankets in a nursing home setting and to determine if use was associated with changes in pain, agitation, mood, or analgesic use. Short-term measures were compared from baseline to post warmed blanket use and longer term differences were compared between those receiving warmed blankets and a randomly selected comparison group. Excluded from eligibility were those using a transdermal drug, with an acute injury, acute inflammatory process, multiple sclerosis, open skin wound, or other condition that could be worsened by superficial heat. Measures included the Revised Faces Pain Scale, PAIN-AD scale, the Brief Agitation Rating Scale, and from the electronic medical record one month measures pain complaints, pain severity, and analgesic use. Long-term measures were taken from the electronic medical record. Of the 141 eligible residents, 24.1% (n = 34) received a warmed blanket over the one month study period. There were statistically significant decreases in both pain level and agitation between baseline, 20 minutes after application, and the subsequent shift assessments (p < .001). There were also long-term changes in the number of pain complaints (p = .040), severity of pain complaints (p = .009), and prn analgesic use (p = .011). There were no statistically significant differences between the treated group and comparison group on any long-term measures. Warmed blankets are a low-cost intervention with a high potential for bringing comfort to nursing home residents.

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Vande Pol, Katherine, Andres Tolosa, Michael Ellis, Caleb M. Shull, Katie Brown, and Stephan da Silva. "PSV-9 The effect of warming and drying piglets at birth under cool or warm farrowing room temperatures on post-natal rectal temperatures." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.273.

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Abstract Piglets are born into a relatively cool environment, resulting in body heat loss, especially at low environmental temperatures. Drying and warming reduces this heat loss, but may be less effective at the higher temperatures experienced in farrowing houses in summer. This study compared the effect of warming and drying piglets at birth on post-natal rectal temperature under winter vs. summer conditions. The study was carried out at a commercial facility using a CRD with 96 sows/litters in a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments (applied at birth): 1) Piglet Management: Control (no treatment); Warmed (in a heated box for 30 min); Dried+Warmed (dried with desiccant and warmed); 2) Season: Winter (January-March; farrowing room temperature 21.0 ± 1.65°C); Summer (August-September; 25.3 ± 1.67°C). At birth, piglets were weighed; rectal temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 1440 min after birth. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Litter was the experimental unit; piglet was a subsample of litter. The model included Season, Piglet Management, and the interaction. There were treatment interactions (P < 0.05) for rectal temperatures at all measurement times except at birth. For both Seasons, the Dried+Warmed treatment resulted in greater (P < 0.05) temperatures than Warmed between 20 and 60 min; both treatments had greater (P < 0.05) temperatures than the Control between 10 and 120 min. Rectal temperatures were lower (P < 0.05) in Winter than Summer for the Control and Warmed treatments between 10 and 60 min. However, for the Dried+Warmed treatment, rectal temperatures were similar between Seasons at all times after 10 min. In conclusion, drying and warming piglets at birth was more effective for reducing rectal temperature decline than warming alone and this effect was greater in winter than summer. This research was funded by the National Pork Board.

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Cutforth, H. W., B. G. McConkey, R. J. Woodvine, D. G. Smith, P. G. Jefferson, and O. O. Akinremi. "Climate change in the semiarid prairie of southwestern Saskatchewan: Late winter–early spring." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-137.

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Long-term weather and hydrological data were analyzed to study climate change during late winter–early spring within an approximately 15 000 km2 area in the semiarid prairie near Swift Current, Saskatchewan. The climate has changed over the past 50 yr. Winter and spring maximum and minimum temperatures have warmed, snowfall amounts have decreased, and spring runoff has started earlier now than during past years. The percentage of precipitation as snow has decreased as temperatures have warmed. As well, even though temperatures have warmed, the date of the last spring frost has not gotten earlier with time. Key words: Climate change, semiarid prairie, winter and spring, temperature, snow, spring runoff

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Muhammed, Ashfal, Sudhir N., Juby E.V, and Sunilkumar T.S. "The Effect of Pre-Operative Warming in Preventing Hypothermia and Shivering in Patients for Lower Limb Surgery under Subarachnoid Block." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2022/1.

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BACKGROUND Subarachnoid block (SAB) is a versatile regional anaesthesia technique for lower limb surgeries. Hypothermia (shivering) is a frequent, potentially serious event after spinal anaesthesia which can lead to severe complications. Several methods are used to minimize perioperative hypothermia and shivering. METHODS A hospital based prospective study was conducted in Government Medical College, Thrissur, over 12 months from January 2019 to January 2020. 260 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients undergoing elective surgeries under spinal anaesthesia were included. Prior to surgery patients were randomly allotted into two groups; Group 1 and Group 2. Group 1 patients were pre-warmed for 20 minutes and Group 2 were not pre-warmed. Measurement of body temperature, vital signs and shivering score was taken peri-operatively. Occurrence of hypothermia and shivering was observed intraoperatively and one hour postoperatively. RESULTS Baseline demographic data of the 2 groups was comparable. Temperature was persistently lower at all points except baseline in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Of those pre-warmed, 4.6 % and amongst those not pre-warmed, 65.4 % had shivering. Difference is statistically significant with chi square of 105.5 and p value <.001. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of hypothermia and shivering is found to be less in the pre-warmed. Hence, forced pre-warming has significant influence on hypothermia and shivering. KEY WORDS Subarachnoid Block, Pre-Warming, Hypothermia, Shivering.

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Harioka, T., M. Murakawa, J. Noda, and K. Mori. "Effect of Continuously Warmed Irrigating Solution during Transurethral Resection." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 16, no. 3 (August 1988): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x8801600314.

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The effects of a continuously warmed irrigating solution on body temperature during transurethral resection of the prostate and of bladder tumours were studied in forty patients. Anaesthesia was spinal and deep body temperatures of the forehead and lower abdomen were measured, using a deep body thermometry system. Both forehead and lower abdominal deep body temperatures decreased significantly in the patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate with an irrigating solution at operating room temperature, but did not decrease in the patients who received a continuously warmed irrigating solution. The same results were obtained for the patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumour. Our results indicate that a continuously warmed irrigating solution could prevent the fall in body temperature during transurethral resection, especially prostate resection, under spinal anaesthesia.

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Argentel-Martínez, Leandris, Jaime Garatuza-Payan, Enrico A. Yepez, Tulio Arredondo, and Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos. "Water regime and osmotic adjustment under warming conditions on wheat in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico." PeerJ 7 (June 12, 2019): e7029. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7029.

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An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of increased temperature on roots and leaf water and osmotic potential, osmotic adjustment (OA) and transpiration on Triticum durum L. (CIRNO C2008 variety) during growth (seedling growth), tillering and heading phenophases. Wheat was sown under field conditions at the Experimental Technology Transfer Center (CETT-910), as a representative wheat crop area from the Yaqui Valley, Sonora México. Thermal radiators were placed at 1.20 m from the crop canopy. Treatments included warmed plots (2 °C) and ambient canopy temperature with five replicates. Temperature treatment was controlled using a (proportional, integrative, derivative) feedback control system on plots covering a circular area of r = 1.5 m. Results indicated a significant decrease in the osmotic potential of roots and leaves for the warmed plots. Water potential, under warming treatment, also experienced a significant reduction and a potential gradient was observed in both, roots and leaves, while the phenophases were delayed. Such results demonstrate that, under warmer conditions, plants increase water absorption for cooling. Hence, transpiration experienced a significant increase under warming in all phenophases that was related to the low root and leaf water potential. CIRNO C2008 also experienced OA in all phenophases with glycine betaine as the osmolyte with major contribution.

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Stuble, Katharine L., Courtney M. Patterson, Mariano A. Rodriguez-Cabal, Relena R. Ribbons, Robert R. Dunn, and Nathan J. Sanders. "Ant-mediated seed dispersal in a warmed world." PeerJ 2 (March 11, 2014): e286. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.286.

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Pitchon, Marcelo. "The Use of Warmed Saline to Clean Skin." International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery 8, no. 4 (July 1998): 20.2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33589/8.4.20b.

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Davis, John. "Get warmed up for the 2016 Olympic Games." Primary Teacher Update 2016, no. 53 (February 2, 2016): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prtu.2016.53.14.

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Barker, DP, B. Willetts, VC Cappendijk, and N. Rutter. "Capillary blood sampling: should the heel be warmed?" Journal of Pediatrics 129, no. 3 (September 1996): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70093-8.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Warmed'

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