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1
Legate, Julie Anne 1972. "Warlpiri : theoretical implications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8152.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 230-241).
The issue of non-configurationality is fundamental in determining the possible range of variation in Universal Grammar. This dissertation investigates this issue in the context of Warlpiri, the prototypical non-configurational language. I argue that positing a macroparameter, a single parameter that distinguishes configurational languages from non-configurational, requires variation on a magnitude not permitted by Universal Grammar. After refuting in detail previous macroparametric approaches, I propose a microparametric analysis: non-configurational languages are fully configurational and analysed through fine-grained parameters with independent motivation. I develop this approach for Warlpiri,partially on the basis of new data collected through work with Warlpiri consultants and analysis of Warlpiri texts. Beginning with A-syntax, I show that Warlpiri exhibits short-distance A-scrambling through binding and WCO data. I present an analysis of split ergativity in Warlpiri (ergative-/absolutive case-marking, nominative/accusative agreement), deriving the split from a dissociation of case and agreement, and the inherent nature of ergative case, rather than from non-configurationality. Extending the analysis to applicative constructions in Warlpiri, I identify both symmetric and asymmetric applicatives. I argue that the principled distinctions between them are explained structurally rather than lexically; therefore the applicative data provide evidence for a hierarchical verb phrase in Warlpiri. The analysis reveals the first reported distinction between unaccusative and unergative verbs in the language.
(cont.) Turning to A'-syntax, I argue that word order is not free in Warlpiri; rather Warlpiri displays an articulated left peripheral structure. Thus, word order variations are largely determined by positioning of elements in ordered functional projections based on their status in the discourse. Furthermore, I present evidence from WCO and island effects that elements appear in these projections through movement. Finally, I investigate the wh-scope marking construction, arguing for an indirect dependency approach. In developing the analysis, I argue, contrary to standard assumptions, that the dependent clauses related with verbs of saying in Warlpiri are embedded rather than adjoined. On the basis of a poverty of the stimulus argument, I conclude the construction must follow from independent properties of the language. I propose that it follows from the discontinuous constituent construction, which I equate with split DPs/PPs in Germanic and Slavic languages. The syntactic structure of Warlpiri that emerges from the dissertation strongly supports a configurational analysis of the language, and thereby the microparameter approach to nonconfigurationality.
by Julie Anne Legate.
Ph.D.
2
Pentland, Christina. "Stress in Warlpiri : stress domains and word-level prosody /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18149.pdf.
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O'Shannessy, Carmel. "Language contact and children's bilingual acquisition learning a mixed language and Warlpiri in northern Australia /." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1303.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2006.Title from title screen (viewed 28 March 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
4
TSUJIMURA, NATSUKO. "A COMPREHENSIVE THEORY OF SWITCH-REFERENCE (TAIRORA, HOPI, WARLPIRI)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184039.
Full textAbstract:
Switch-Reference (SR) is a phenomenon in which the coreferentiality of two (or more) subjects in a complex sentence is indicated by a morphological device. The purpose of this dissertation is to discuss recent work which deals with SR within the Government and Binding Theory, and propose an alternative analysis to it. The framework I will adopt for such an alternative analysis of SR is Categorial Grammar. A basic notion underlying Categorial Grammar is that an expression is divided into a functor and an argument, and each functor and argument are further divided into a functor and an argument until the division reaches to an undividable element. Given the assumptions that a functor and its argument must be compatible and that a functor has some subcategorization properties, I argue that "Agreement" phenomenon (subsuming agreement and disagreement) can be handled insightfully. Furthermore, I propose that such a treatment of "Agreement" can be extended to SR systems in general if we consider the "same subject" and "different subject" phenomena as cases of agreement and disagreement, respectively. I claim that a composite in which a SR morpheme appears forms a functor which takes another composite as its argument, and that the relation between the functor and its argument and the relation between some parts of the functor and its argument are characterized as "agreement" or "disagreement": The functor and the argument must be compatible as assumed above, and the nature of compatibility (whether "agreement" or "disagreement") is controlled by the subcategorization properties of the SR morpheme associated with the functor (i.e., if "same subject", the relation is agreement, and if "different subject", it is disagreement). By treating SR in this fashion, I intend to provide a unified analysis for apparently different SR systems in three diverse languages, namely, Tairora, Hopi, and Warlpiri.
5
Berry, Lynn Maree. "Alignment and Adjacency in Optimality Theory: evidence from Warlpiri and Arrernte." University of Sydney, Linguistics, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/383.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this thesis is to explore alignment and adjacency of constituents in the framework of Optimality Theory. Under the notion of alignment, certain categories, prosodic and morphological, are required to correspond to certain other categories, prosodic or morphological. The alignment of categories is achieved through the operation of constraints which evaluate the wellformedness of outputs. The constraints on the alignment of categories and the ranking of these constraints are examined with emphasis on two Australian languages, Warlpiri and Arrernte. The aim is to provide an adequate account in the theory of Optimality of the processes of stress, reduplication and vowel harmony evident in the data. The thesis expands on the range of edges for the alignment of feet. Foot alignment is developed to account for the fact that the edges of intonational phrases, morphemes, and specific morphemes, as well as phonologically specific syllables, play an active role in determining the location of feet. An additional finding is that the location of feet can also be determined by adjacency, resolving conflict between morphological alignment, and ensuring rhythmic harmony. Requirements on adjacency are further supported to account for segmental harmony, where harmony provides evidence for the simultaneous action of segmental and prosodic processes. The analysis provides a unified account of binary and ternary rhythm recommending modifications to alignment of certain categories, thereby laying the groundwork to deal with variation. The account of variation involves relaxing certain constraints. In addition, the notion of rhythm is expanded to account for onset sensitivity to stress, with evidence of this sensitivity found in reduplication and allomorphy. The interaction of prosodic categories with each other and with morphological categories can be directly captured in OT, providing a unified and coherent account of phenomena, some of which were previously seen as exceptions and, therefore unrelated and arbitrary.
6
Stotz, Gertrude, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Kurdungurlu got to drive Toyota: Differential colonizing process among the Warlpiri." Deakin University, 1993. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051110.142617.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is based on fieldwork I carried out between December 1987 and June 1989 while living with the residents of a small Warlpiri Outstation Community situated ca. 75 km north-west of Tennant Creek in the Northern Territory of Australia.
Colonialism is a process whereby incommensurate gender regimes impact differently on women and men and this is reflected in the indigenous response which affects the socialization of Western things.
The notion of the indigenous KIRDA-KURDUNGURLU reciprocity is shown to be consistent with a gender system and to articulate all exchange relations as pro-creative social relationships. This contrasts with the Western capitalist system of production and social reproduction of gendered individuals in that it does not ascribe gender to biological differences between women and men but is derived from a land based social division between Sister-Brother.
Social relationships are put under great strain in an effort to socialize Western things for Warlpiri internal use,
I argue that the colonization of Aboriginal societies is an ongoing process. Despite the historical shift from a physical all-male frontier to the present day cross-cultural negotiations between Aborigines and Non-Aborigines, men still privilege men. The negotiation process for ownership of a Community Toyota is the most recent phenomenon where this can be observed. Male privilege is established by linking control over the access to the Community Toyota with traditional rights to land.
However, the Toyota as Western object has a Western gender identity as well. By pitting women against men it engages people in social conflict which is brought into existence through an organisation of Western concepts based on an alien gender regime.
But Western things, especially the Community Toyota, resist socialization because the Warlpiri do not produce these things. Warlpiri people know this and, to satisfy their need for Western things, they engage them in a process of social differentiation. By this process they can be seen actively to maintain the Western system in an effort to maintain themselves as Warlpiri and to secure the production of Western things.
This investigation of the cultural response to Western influences shows that indigenous gender relations are only maintained through a socially stressful process of socializing Western things.
7
Berry, Lynn. "Alignment and adjacency in optimality theory evidence from Warlpiri and Arrernte /." Connect to full text, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/383.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 1999.Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 16, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 1999; thesis submitted 1998. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
8
Berry, Lynn Maree. "Alignment and Adjacency in Optimality Theory: evidence from Warlpiri and Arrernte." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/383.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this thesis is to explore alignment and adjacency of constituents in the framework of Optimality Theory. Under the notion of alignment, certain categories, prosodic and morphological, are required to correspond to certain other categories, prosodic or morphological. The alignment of categories is achieved through the operation of constraints which evaluate the wellformedness of outputs. The constraints on the alignment of categories and the ranking of these constraints are examined with emphasis on two Australian languages, Warlpiri and Arrernte. The aim is to provide an adequate account in the theory of Optimality of the processes of stress, reduplication and vowel harmony evident in the data. The thesis expands on the range of edges for the alignment of feet. Foot alignment is developed to account for the fact that the edges of intonational phrases, morphemes, and specific morphemes, as well as phonologically specific syllables, play an active role in determining the location of feet. An additional finding is that the location of feet can also be determined by adjacency, resolving conflict between morphological alignment, and ensuring rhythmic harmony. Requirements on adjacency are further supported to account for segmental harmony, where harmony provides evidence for the simultaneous action of segmental and prosodic processes. The analysis provides a unified account of binary and ternary rhythm recommending modifications to alignment of certain categories, thereby laying the groundwork to deal with variation. The account of variation involves relaxing certain constraints. In addition, the notion of rhythm is expanded to account for onset sensitivity to stress, with evidence of this sensitivity found in reduplication and allomorphy. The interaction of prosodic categories with each other and with morphological categories can be directly captured in OT, providing a unified and coherent account of phenomena, some of which were previously seen as exceptions and, therefore unrelated and arbitrary.
9
Schwarz, Silvia. "Aspects of form and function : with some reference to Warlpiri and Latin /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arms399.pdf.
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O'Shannessy, Carmel Therese. "Language contact and children's bilingual acquisition: learning a mixed language and Warlpiri in northern Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1303.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation documents the emergence of a new language, Light Warlpiri, in the multilingual community of Lajamanu in northern Australia. It then examines the acquisition of Light Warlpiri language, and of the heritage language, Lajamanu Warlpiri, by children. Light Warlpiri has arisen from contact between Lajamanu Warlpiri (a Pama-Nyungan language), Kriol (an English-based creole), and varieties of English. It is a Mixed Language, meaning that none of its source languages can be considered to be the sole parent language. Most verbs and the verbal morphology are from Aboriginal English or Kriol, while most nouns and the nominal morphology are from Warlpiri. The language input to children is complex. Adults older than about thirty speak Lajamanu Warlpiri and code-switch into Aboriginal English or Kriol. Younger adults, the parents of the current cohort of children, speak Light Warlpiri and code-switch into Lajamanu Warlpiri and into Aboriginal English or Kriol. Lajamanu Warlpiri and Light Warlpiri, the two main input languages to children, both indicate A arguments with ergative case-marking (and they share one allomorph of the marker), but Lajamanu Warlpiri includes the marker much more consistently than Light Warlpiri. Word order is variable in both languages. Children learn both languages from birth, but they target Light Warlpiri as the language of their everyday interactions, and they speak it almost exclusively until four to six years of age. Adults and children show similar patterns of ergative marking and word order in Light Warlpiri. But differences between age groups are found in ergative marking in Lajamanu Warlpiri - for the oldest group of adults, ergative marking is obligatory, but for younger adults and children, it is not. Determining when children differentiate between two input languages has been a major goal in the study of bilingual acquisition. The two languages in this study share lexical and grammatical properties, making distinctions between them quite subtle. Both adults and children distribute ergative marking differently in the two languages, but show similar word order patterns in both. However the children show a stronger correlation between ergative marking and word order patterns than do the adults, suggesting that they are spearheading processes of language change. In their comprehension of sentences in both Lajamanu Warlpiri and Light Warlpiri, adults use a case-marking strategy to identify the A argument (i.e. N+erg = A argument, N-erg = O argument). The children are not adult-like in using this strategy at age 5, when they also used a word order strategy, but they gradually move towards being adult-like with increased age.
11
O'Shannessy, Carmel Therese. "Language contact and children's bilingual acquisition: learning a mixed language and Warlpiri in northern Australia." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1303.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This dissertation documents the emergence of a new language, Light Warlpiri, in the multilingual community of Lajamanu in northern Australia. It then examines the acquisition of Light Warlpiri language, and of the heritage language, Lajamanu Warlpiri, by children. Light Warlpiri has arisen from contact between Lajamanu Warlpiri (a Pama-Nyungan language), Kriol (an English-based creole), and varieties of English. It is a Mixed Language, meaning that none of its source languages can be considered to be the sole parent language. Most verbs and the verbal morphology are from Aboriginal English or Kriol, while most nouns and the nominal morphology are from Warlpiri. The language input to children is complex. Adults older than about thirty speak Lajamanu Warlpiri and code-switch into Aboriginal English or Kriol. Younger adults, the parents of the current cohort of children, speak Light Warlpiri and code-switch into Lajamanu Warlpiri and into Aboriginal English or Kriol. Lajamanu Warlpiri and Light Warlpiri, the two main input languages to children, both indicate A arguments with ergative case-marking (and they share one allomorph of the marker), but Lajamanu Warlpiri includes the marker much more consistently than Light Warlpiri. Word order is variable in both languages. Children learn both languages from birth, but they target Light Warlpiri as the language of their everyday interactions, and they speak it almost exclusively until four to six years of age. Adults and children show similar patterns of ergative marking and word order in Light Warlpiri. But differences between age groups are found in ergative marking in Lajamanu Warlpiri - for the oldest group of adults, ergative marking is obligatory, but for younger adults and children, it is not. Determining when children differentiate between two input languages has been a major goal in the study of bilingual acquisition. The two languages in this study share lexical and grammatical properties, making distinctions between them quite subtle. Both adults and children distribute ergative marking differently in the two languages, but show similar word order patterns in both. However the children show a stronger correlation between ergative marking and word order patterns than do the adults, suggesting that they are spearheading processes of language change. In their comprehension of sentences in both Lajamanu Warlpiri and Light Warlpiri, adults use a case-marking strategy to identify the A argument (i.e. N+erg = A argument, N-erg = O argument). The children are not adult-like in using this strategy at age 5, when they also used a word order strategy, but they gradually move towards being adult-like with increased age.
12
Rivett, Mary I. "Yilpinji art 'love magic' : changes in representation of yilpinji 'love magic' objects in the visual arts at Yuendumu /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2005. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARAH.M/09arah.mr624.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.(St.Art.Hist.)) -- University of Adelaide, Master of Arts (Studies in Art History), School of History and Politics, Discipline of History, 2005.Coursework. "January, 2005" Bibliography: leaves 108-112.
13
McManus, Hope. "Loanword Adaptation: A study of some Australian Aboriginal Languages." Thesis, Department of Linguistics, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5335.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a case study of some aspects of the adaptation of English words in several Australian Aboriginal languages, including Martu Wangka, Gamilaraay and Warlpiri. I frame my analysis within Smith’s (to appear) source-similarity model of loanword adaptation. This model exploits loanword-specific faithfulness constraints that impose maximal similarity between the perceived source form and its corresponding loan. Using this model, I show that the conflict of the relevant prosodic markedness constraints and loanword-specific faithfulness constraints drives adaptation. Vowel epenthesis, the most frequent adaptation strategy, allows the recoverability of a maximal amount of information about the source form and ensures that the loan conforms to the constraints of language-internal phonological grammar. Less frequent strategies including deletion and substitution occur in a restricted environment. The essence of the present analysis is minimal violation, a principle that governs loanword adaptation as well as other areas of phonology.
14
Buchtmann, Lydia, and n/a. "Digital songlines : the adaption of modern communication technology at Yuendemu, a remote Aboriginal Community in Central Australia." University of Canberra. Professional Communication, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060619.162428.
Full textAbstract:
During the early 1980s the Warlpiri at Yuendemu, a remote Aboriginal community in
Central Australia, began their own experiments in local television and radio production.
This was prior to the launch of the AUSSAT satellite in 1985 which brought broadcast
television and radio to remote Australia for the first time. There was concern amongst
remote Aboriginal communities, as well as policy makers, that the imposition of mass
media without consultation could result in permanent damage to Aboriginal culture and
language. As a result, a policy review 'Out of the Silent Land' was published in 1985 and
from that developed the Broadcasting in Remote Aboriginal Communities Scheme
(BRACS) which allowed communities to receive radio and television from the satellite.
BRACS also provided the option to turn off mainstream media and insert locally
produced material.
This study of the Warlpiri at Yuendemu has found that, since the original experiments,
they have enthusiastically used modern communication technology including radio, video
making, locally produced television, and, more recently, on-line services. The Warlpiri
have adapted rather than adopted the new technology. That is they have used modern
communications technology within existing cultural patterns to strengthen their language
and culture rather than to replace traditional practices and social structures. The Warlpiri
Media Association has inspired other remote broadcasters and is now one of eight remote
media networks that link to form a national network via the National Indigenous Media
Association of Australia.
The Warlpiri have actively adapted modern communication technology because it is to
their advantage. The new technology has been used to preserve culture and language, to
restore, and possibly improve, traditional communications and to provide employment
and other opportunities for earning income. It appeals to all age groups, especially the
elders who have retained control over broadcasts and it also provides entertainment.
15
Niblett, Michael. "Text and context : some issues in Warlpiri ethnography." Master's thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112873.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with the way in which particular aspects of Warlpiri ethnography have been
inescapably contextualised by intellectual, institutional and political conditions of
anthropological practice. Recent literature has opened up new perspectives on the relation between
ethnography and its subjects. These concerns do not, however, address the broader political
implications of anthropological representation, nor the means by which one form or style of
ethnographic writing and analysis rather than another becomes dominant and accepted as valid.
Certain conventions developed internationally were decisive in constraining the means by which
anthropological knowledge could be constructed and communicated. This situation went largely
unrecognised by anthropologists, participating as they were within unquestioned historically and
politically determined parameters "authorised" by the Anglophone interpretive community. The
dominance of this paradigm was transferred to Australia, where national considerations too shaped
the acceptable canons of ethnographic writing.
16
Welsh, Gina Maree. "Automatic morphosyntactic analysis of Light Warlpiri corpus data." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/219067.
Full textAbstract:
Morphosyntactic analysis aligns a morphosyntactic tag
(‘gloss’) for each word in a given text. Manual
morphosyntactic glossing requires significant time and effort to
implement on a larger scale, such as for a language corpus.
Computational methods of automatic analysis can aid in automating
this process. In this thesis, I applied a method of automatic
morphosyntactic analysis to a set of Light Warlpiri corpus data
(O’Shannessy, 2005). The method used the software tool
Computerised Language Analysis (MacWhinney, 2000) to apply
rules-based word analysis and syntactic disambiguation to the
data. My thesis will describe how this method was adapted to the
morphosyntactic properties of Light Warlpiri, as well as its
performance on the corpus data. Overall, the method was
successfully adapted to the Light Warlpiri data, with some
recurring challenges noted. Finally, the thesis will discuss the
variables within the workflow that affected the adaptation of the
method, with emphasis on practical considerations.
17
Dussart, Francoise. "Warlpiri women's yawulyu ceremonies : a forum for socialization and innovation." Phd thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112716.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the ritual life of Warlpiri women in the Central
Desert community of Yuendumu. Though there is now a growing literature on the
ritual life of Aboriginal women, these works present generalized accounts of women as a
category in their ritual activity which obscures the social dynamics and processes that
are central to women's religious life. I argue that a fuller understanding of
women's ritual life in Warlpiri society in particular and of Aboriginal women's
lives more generally is dependent on seeing women as individual social actors. The
thesis therefore concentrates on the activities and motivations of individual women in
the most common form of women's ceremony at Yuendumu, the yawulyu. The analysis provides
access to the complex issues of power and competition among Aboriginal women, and goes
a long way to defining the role of women in the ritual life of the community at
large.
The introductory chapter reviews the literature on women and their religious
lives. Chapter two provides an overview of the main Warlpiri religious
concepts, in particular of the principal features of the Dreaming and its
manifestations and the formal aspects of women's rights and duties that
fulfil in the ritual domain. The third chapter describes women's life
cycle in terms of their ritual career and argues that women continue their
role as nurturers beyond the end of their reproductive life by
redirecting their energies into ritual activities. Chapter four examines the
acquisition and transmission of knowledge. Chapter five defines the ritual
domain of yawulyu, and distinguishes this ceremony from others performed by
women. The sixth chapter provides a detailed case study of the
organization and performance of yawulyu ceremonies. And chapter seven describes
the integration of 'new' Dreams and dances into an existing ceremony. I
conclude by recapitulating some of the major points made in the
thesis and by making some suggestions concerning the future of Warlpiri
women's acquisition of status and prestige in the social and ritual spheres.
18
Hendy, Caroline Rose. "The distribution and acoustic properties of fricatives in Light Warlpiri." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/200483.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines potential fricatives in Light Warlpiri, an Australian mixed language with Warlpiri, Kriol, and English adstrates. Most Australian languages, including Warlpiri, lack contrastive fricatives. Because of this, any inherited fricatives in Light Warlpiri – including those that have come through Kriol – are originally from English. However, the fricative inventories of Standard Australian English, Australian Aboriginal English, and Kriol differ in terms of which places of articulation are differentiated and whether voicing is contrastive. The aim of this thesis is to establish whether fricatives exist in Light Warlpiri, to investigate their acoustic properties if so, and to compare these properties with those of the Light Warlpiri source languages. This thesis consists of two studies using elicited data from 10 first language speakers of Light Warlpiri. The first study investigates the presence and distribution of potential fricatives in Light Warlpiri. It is found that Light Warlpiri lacks /h/, and reflexes of English dental fricatives are realised as stops. The second study is an acoustic analysis of the subset of potential fricatives that are produced as fricatives. It is shown that Light Warlpiri speakers differentiate fricative production by the place of articulation of the English source. Voicing is shown to be contrastive for labiodental fricatives, but not for alveolar or postalveolar fricatives. These results show that the fricative inventory of Light Warlpiri has significant influence from Standard Australian English, but differs from all of its source languages.
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Curran, Georgia. "Contemporary ritual practice in an Aboriginal settlement: The Warlpiri Kurdiji ceremony." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9784.
Full textAbstract:
Based on fieldwork undertaken in Yuendumu, Central Australia from 2005 to 2008, this thesis is an ethnography of the place of singing and ceremony in the contemporary Warlpiri world. Core to religious life, 'traditional' ceremonies and their associated songlines have always been an important aspect of Warlpiri identity as they link people to their kin, country and Dreamings. Over the last few decades there has been a decline in the learning contexts and opportunities for the performance of many of these ceremonies, such that today most ceremonies do not hold the same relevance. This consideration is set against the backdrop of recent historical and demographic changes consequent on living in large settlements, dependent on welfare payments and store bought food.
The features of Warlpiri songs and ceremonies are outlined as well as the contemporary contexts for the different genres of singing. It is shown how these songs and ceremonies reproduce people's ssociations with kin, country and Dreamings through their organisation and performance. The Kurdiji ceremony, in which both men and women are involved throughout, is presented as a central case study. It is held several times each summer for the purposes of male initiation and is particularly interesting as it is still of vital importance for all generations of Warlpiri people. While the numbers of people who attend individual performances and the scale of these ceremonies is increasing, it is in a vulnerable situation as the central songline that is core to its performance, and which guides the sequence of events for the entire night of its duration, is only known by a small group of older men. Once a domain in which people learned religious knowledge central to survival, Kurdiji! as one of the few ceremonies still held, is now more vital than ever, as through its performance core aspects of Warlpiri identity are maintained, particularly for younger generations.
20
Stotz, Gertrude. ""Kurdungurlu got to drive Toyota": differential colonizing process among the Warlpiri." Phd thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/268808.
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Kashket, Michael B. "A Government-Binding Based Parser for Warlpiri, a Free-Word Order Language." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/6961.
Full textAbstract:
Free-word order languages have long posed significant problems for standard parsing algorithms. This thesis presents an implemented parser, based on Government-Binding (GB) theory, for a particular free-word order language, Warlpiri, an aboriginal language of central Australia. The words in a sentence of a free-word order language may swap about relatively freely with little effect on meaning: the permutations of a sentence mean essentially the same thing. It is assumed that this similarity in meaning is directly reflected in the syntax. The parser presented here properly processes free word order because it assigns the same syntactic structure to the permutations of a single sentence. The parser also handles fixed word order, as well as other phenomena. On the view presented here, there is no such thing as a "configurational" or "non-configurational" language. Rather, there is a spectrum of languages that are more or less ordered. The operation of this parsing system is quite different in character from that of more traditional rule-based parsing systems, e.g., context-free parsers. In this system, parsing is carried out via the construction of two different structures, one encoding precedence information and one encoding hierarchical information. This bipartite representation is the key to handling both free- and fixed-order phenomena. This thesis first presents an overview of the portion of Warlpiri that can be parsed. Following this is a description of the linguistic theory on which the parser is based. The chapter after that describes the representations and algorithms of the parser. In conclusion, the parser is compared to related work. The appendix contains a substantial list of test cases ??th grammatical and ungrammatical ??at the parser has actually processed.
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Doi, Yukihiro. "Milpirri at Lajamanu as an intercultural locus of Warlpiri discourses with others." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/101475.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyses the event of Milpirri in Lajamanu,
Northern Territory — a biennial event first celebrated in 2005,
conceived by the Warlpiri educator Steven Wanta Jampijinpa
Patrick and produced by Tracks Dance Company in Darwin. Milpirri
is a bicultural event primarily aimed at increasing school
attendance in Lajamanu through a blended program of traditional
Warlpiri dance and modern hip hop instruction, and culminating in
a concert in which local children and Warlpiri ceremonial elders
perform together collaboratively on stage. It also aims to
strengthen community cohesion by encouraging cooperation among
numerous local organisations including the elders’ council, the
school, the shire council, the arts centre, the church and the
store. Milpirri is structured around a selection of endangered
Warlpiri rituals, many of which have not been performed in their
traditional contexts for decades and are largely unknown by
youths. Throughout my analysis of this event, I bring my
understanding of Japan’s matsuri tradition, which combines the
concepts of festival, ritual and marriage. This approach is novel
in that scholarship into Australian Indigenous cultures, such as
that of the Warlpiri, has predominantly been undertaken by
European-Australian (kardiya) researchers. As in the Japanese
matsuri tradition, Milpirri includes elements of
animism/totemism, competitive dance and traditional marriage law,
and cannot simply be described as a ‘festival’ in the
Anglophone sense. Through this analysis, I will show how Milpirri
instils an atmosphere of harmony and community cohesion within
Lajamanu that is grounded in ancestral Warlpiri law, yet embraces
the whole of Australia for the future benefit of all.
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Browne, Emma. "Linguistic Innovation and Continuity: Teaching in and of Warlpiri Language at Yuendumu School." Phd thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/269971.
Full textAbstract:
In Yuendumu, a remote community in Central Australia, children grow up speaking a traditional Aboriginal language, Warlpiri, learn English as an additional language and are exposed to other local and global languages via family networks, travel, media, and technology. At Yuendumu School, which aims to offer a bilingual with biliteracy program, Warlpiri educators have articulated Warlpiri pirrjirdi 'strong Warlpiri language' as both a medium of instruction and a goal for learning. This is in accordance with the community's aspirations for the school to be a key site of Warlpiri linguistic and cultural maintenance, and amidst concerns about pressure from English on Warlpiri language use, as well as minor documented changes to contemporary language practices since first contact with Europeans in the last century.
This research into the 'ways of speaking' in three Warlpiri teaching and learning contexts at Yuendumu school in 2018-2019 drew on ethnography of communication as its theoretical and methodological approach to document both the linguistic practices and ideologies surrounding teaching and learning in and of Warlpiri language. Guided by a panel of Warlpiri mentors, it used mixed methods which included interactional analysis of classroom speech, complemented by thematic analysis of interviews with Warlpiri educators, of grey literature (professional development workshops reports, advocacy, curriculum, and policy documents) and multimodal arts-based language awareness activities with students.
In this study, Warlpiri students expressed multiple identities within Warlpiri and global youth cultures, strong plurilingual awareness and reflected community values promoting Warlpiri language maintenance. The research showed how Warlpiri educators, as part of a broader Warlpiri Triangle professional network have developed and refined linguistic strategies over four decades to achieve their stated goals of Warlpiri language maintenance. In the classrooms, Warlpiri educators used these linguistic strategies to enact a target Warlpiri language policy, establishing and where necessary re-establishing Warlpiri pirrjirdi 'strong Warlpiri' as the classroom code. They also deployed plurilingual practices that reinforced social and kin relationships and created a favourable framework for in-depth processing of academic content and the co-construction of knowledge. As evidence of their learning and their sensitivity to different 'ways of speaking,' Warlpiri, students produced age-appropriate Warlpiri pirrjirdi 'strong Warlpiri' in specific tasks, such as re-telling traditional stories. They also reconceptualised content in ways that reflected their contemporary plurilingual repertoires and identities, such as in mapping activities following bush trips. The study explored the ways in which Warlpiri educators' language pedagogies exemplified linguistically responsive and culturally sustaining practices that build students' competence in Warlpiri pirrjirdi 'strong Warlpiri,' while also accommodating their contemporary ways of speaking, literacies, and identities in the school context.
This thesis is one of very few in-depth documentations of educators' and students' first language practices and ideologies in an endangered Australian language maintenance education program. This work contributes to understandings of the local development and enactment of language-in-education policy and draws out lessons for dual language models of education in schools operating in contexts of language endangerment and change.
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Elias, Derek J. "Golden dreams: place and mining in the Tanami desert." Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/7496.
Full textAbstract:
The Tanami Desert is classed as a semi-desert and covers a large area of land in the central-west of the Northern Territory of Australia as well as a much smaller area of the north-east of Western Australia. The majority of the Tanami Desert has been inhabited by Warlpiri speaking Aboriginal peoples for thousands of years; in their terminology from time immemorial since the creative period, or jukurrpa, that transformed the world from a featureless mass to the form it is today. For Walpiri the landscape of the Tanami Desert is covered with places that mark the events and histories of the extraordinary beings and ancestors of the jukurrpa whose essences remain in these places, the land and the worlds above and below the surface of the earth ......
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Musharbash, Yasmine. "Warlpiri sociality : an ethnography of the spatial and temporal dimensions of everyday life in a Central Australian aboriginal settlement." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8041.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an ethnography of contemporary Warlpiri sociality that focuses on the everyday life in a women’s camp (jilimi) at Yuendumu 300kms northwest of Alice Springs.
As a result of sedentisation and institutionalisation in the 1940’s, subsequent integration into the cash economy from 1969, with the full cash payment of social security benefits directly to individual Warlpiri, and the deinstitutionalisation of Yuendumu in 1970 through the introduction of an elected Council, Warlpiri life has undergone many changes. In respect of the family, promised marriage arrangements have virtually disappeared and marriage relationships are frequently unstable and short-lived until people reach middle age. Young mothers now often have children from a succession of husbands. Shifts in the constitution of the nuclear family have led to an increase in individuals’ residential mobility and to women’s camps, or jilimi, taking on an increased significance. Jilimi, and their older female residents, have become a central social focus for young mothers, children and as well as to men currently unmarried. Life in the jilimi is intensely social not least since the great majority of people who pass through are unemployed and live on social security payments. People’s lives are almost entirely taken up with socialising both in the jilimi or in visiting close relatives elsewhere in Yuendumu and in other communities. The intensity of this social life leads, among other things, to outbreaks of conflict from time to time and at others is transformed by participation in ceremonial life, particularly mourning ceremonies (sorry business).
My consideration of everyday life at Yuendumu begins with a formal analysis of the spatial organisations of Warlpiri residences, outlining the residential flux throughout Yuendumu’s ‘suburbs’, ideas of private-public space within individual residences, and their gendered nature, as well as indicating the daily cycle of sociality within them. I then examine the nature of contemporary marriage arrangements to underline crucial changes as well as some continuities that are a feature of life today. Contemporary marriage arrangements are shown to simultaneously be the cause and the effect of an intensification of residential mobility and ensuing living situations for both children and adults. This leads to a discussion of the emergent centrality of jilimi within the contemporary settlement context as manifested in their increased number and size and complexity of residential composition. Singling out one particular jilimi as the ethnographic centre of the thesis, I introduce its spatiality and some of its main residents as protagonists for the ensuing chapters. I then analyse the flow of people through the jilimi, categorising different types of residents, by their varied lengths and reasons for their stays, which underscores the extreme mobility that is a paramount feature of contemporary everyday life. A detailed analysis of sleeping arrangements is shown to be a sensitive index of the state of interpersonal relations within the jilimi and to provide insights into Warlpiri personhood. I then look at the activities that take place during the day outlining the movements of people in and out of the jilimi with an emphasis on those aspects to do with provisioning around the sharing of food and other resources. The contrast between the restedness of the night and intensified social engagement during the day is brought to the fore by examining the criss-crossing paths of social engagements during the day. The intensity of interaction, along with boredom, leads to frequent outbreaks of fighting which are considered in the context of a discussion of the various temporal dimensions within which everyday life happens. These incorporate both the mundane everyday and those occasions when social life us broadened out to encompass people from other kinship networks and communities. The thesis concludes with a reflection on the reasons for and impact of this intensified sociality on Walpiri people’s contemporary lives.
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Sathre, Eric L. "Everyday illness : discourse, action, and experience in the Australian desert." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148617.
Full text
27
Phillpot, Stuart George. "Black pastoralism : contemporary aboriginal land use : the experience of aboriginal owned pastoral enterprises in the Northern Territory 1972-1996." Phd thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12475.
Full textAbstract:
Aboriginal peoples' involvement in the pastoral industry of the Northern Territory
has been a feature of that industry almost since first contact between Aboriginal people and non-Aboriginal people. However, whilst Aboriginal involvement in the pastoral industry has been celebrated in terms of their bush skills and their
qualities as stockmen, their association with the industry has always been ambivalent. For it was the pastoral industry that occupied and exploited their traditional land. Aboriginal peoples' involvement in the pastoral industry was
both exploitative and oppressive as they were always restricted to fulfilling a
labour provision role. The development of Aboriginal people as owners and managers of pastoral cattle enterprises is relatively new, dating from the mid 1970s. This involvement has arisen in part through the policies directed at meeting Aboriginal peoples' land needs through various pastoral property acquisition policies, and in part through the privatisation of government and mission cattle projects. The policies that have supported Aboriginal involvement as owners and managers of pastoral properties
have varied over time ranging from support for employment, meat selfsufficiency
and commercial success, to an increasing focus on commercial success only. The increased emphasis of policy and program upon commercial success has had a number of outcomes. The number of properties receiving economic development support has been reduced, as has the actual number of operating beef cattle enterprises. In addition, herds on Aboriginal properties have been substantially reduced and there has been no real independent Aboriginal-owned
and operated pastoral sector established. This has occurred because, to a large extent, policy has ignored the biogeographical, social and industry factors that constrained the development of an Aboriginal-owned and operated cattle industry. The primary factor for the failure of the policies to develop a commercially successful Aboriginal owned, operated and managed cattle industry in the Northern Territory is that the policies and the programs that supported them did not support Aboriginal people in their multiple land use aspirations, which in many cases included cattle production.
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Bodey, Elisabeth Claire. "Fields of relations, boxes of jewels: a practice-led enquiry into aspects of place as foundation for a new language of cultural abstraction in painting." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/101194.
Full textAbstract:
The early stages of my research had focussed on the general idea of place as landscape in painting, centering on the Warlpiri country of the Central Desert. This perspective on place was quickly challenged by ideas of, experiences in and responses to those places I then visited as part of this research. My research eventually became an investigation into the language of painting, informed by ideas and different cultural forms and resulting in a one that has reconstructed my practice.
I have explored how the contemporary language of abstract painting can engage with the experience of different cultural contexts both western and indigenous, specifically in the areas of visual art and music. Western artists I have considered are Paul Klee and Piet Mondrian, Ellsworth Kelly, Richard Long, Yves Klein, Tim Johnson and Jan Riske: the indigenous artists considered are the Martumili women of Punmu, Joe Japanangka James, Shorty Jangala and Lady Nungurrayi Robinson.
My conversation has evolved using newfound elements extending and deepening my painting practice. My research has been enriched by fieldwork experiences ranging from a retrospective of Piet Mondrian’s painting in Den Hague, attending the Women’s Law and Culture Week in the Northern Territory and music performances such as John Luther Adams composition Inuksuit and Morton Feldman’s Patterns in a Chromatic Field. My early readings were very much centred on the writings of anthropologists such as Nancy Munn, Diana James, Christine Watson, Francois Dussart and Yasmine Musharbash as they provided important context to my visits to Yuendumu and my fieldwork at the Women’s Law and Culture Week.
In reflecting on my practice I have been influenced and informed by writers such as Terry Smith and his revisiting of contemporaneity and connectivity in the global community; by Yve-Alain Bois’ essay on Mondrian’s painting, The Iconoclast and Maurice Merleau-Ponty regarding phenomenology and perception. Finally, The Grid as a Checkpoint of Modernity by Margarita Tupitsyn helped refine my focus, appearing to encapsulate much of what I had been thinking.
I have come to recognise the phenomenological experience as key to all my responses both as observer and as artist. In particular, the aspect of my research focussing on the cultural forms of Central Desert communities, specifically painting and the performance of songs has had an expansive effect on my thinking and studio processes, contributing to a re-invention of my painting as an abstract artist.