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Löfberg, Oskar, and August Krajewski. "The Round : An Observational Study of Ward 4 at Norrtälje Hospital." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231899.
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Healthcare is generally characterized by deep traditions, old working methods, and clear hierarchies. A central part of medical wards is the so-called “round”. During the round, physicians and nurses visit the patients and decide on further action. The round is a central process at wards and affect the rest of the working day, both for physicians and nurses. In this study, the round process was observed at Ward 4 at Norrtälje Hospital. The staff at Ward 4 experienced high-stress levels and this was related to an ineffective round according to a prestudy conducted by Clinical Innovation Fellowships. The project aimed at producing a new optimized round routine that would reduce the high-stress levels. The study was conducted through observations, dialogue with staff, interviews, surveys, comparative observations at other wards at Norrtälje Hospital and other hospitals as well as theoretical studies. The main difficulties discovered in our study with the round process at Norrtälje Hospital were that (i) information was communicated dual, (ii) the round process was too time-consuming, (iii) late decision-making, (iv) inefficient role for nurses and the (v) priority of work. The study resulted in a recommendation of a new round routine in which we have taken the staff’s interests into account as well as literature and research within the field of how developing healthcare processes. Our target was to increase communication and collaboration between physicians and nurses and furthermore exploiting human resources in the best possible way. Our main recommendation was to introduce a seated pre-round prior to commencing the daily round routine and to introduce a reconciliation meeting afterwards.Sjukvård är generellt sett präglat av inrotade traditioner, gamla arbetsmetoder och tydliga hierarkier. En central del på medicinska avdelningar är den så kallade ronden. Under ronden besöker läkare och sköterskor patienterna och beslutar om vidare åtgärder. Arbetet under ronden påverkar sedan resten av arbetsdagen, både för läkare och sköterskor, eftersom den är en väldigt central del av arbetsdagen på en medicinavdelning. I denna studien så undersöktes rondprocessen på avdelning 4 på Norrtälje Sjukhus. Bakgrunden till detta var att personalen präglats av höga stressnivåer och att det varit ett resultat av en ineffektiv rond. Detta framkom från en förstudie utförd av Clinical Innovation Fellowships. Vår studie syftade i att producera en ny effektivare rondrutin som i sin tur skulle minska stressen hos personalen. Detta genomfördes med hjälp av observationer, dialog med personal, intervjuer, enkätundersökningar, jämförande observationer på andra avdelningar och andra sjukhus, och teoristudier. Dom största problemen som upptäcktes i vår studie var att (i) information kommuniceras dubbelt, (ii) ronden tog för lång tid, (iii) att beslut inte fattas tillräckligt fort, (iv) sköterskans roll under ronden och (v) prioritering av patienter. Studien resulterade i ett förslag till en ny rondrutin som strävar efter att öka kommunikation och samarbete mellan läkare och sköterskor, och samtidigt utnyttja personalresurser på ett optimalt sätt. Vår främsta rekommendation var att införa en sittrond före gåronden och avsluta med ett avstämningsmöte.
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Madzidzela, Liyanda. "An analysis of factors affecting housing delivery in the Nyandeni local municipality with specific reference to the Extension 4 Housing Project: a case study of Ward 21 in Ngqeleni." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1004.
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The study investigates problems and challenges that, the Nyandeni local municipality faces in terms of housing delivery to its communities. The purpose is to look at the factors that affect housing delivery at Nyandeni local municipality in the Extension 4 Housing Project in Ngqeleni and what can be done in order to improve it. The housing development at Nyandeni Local Municipality is not up to standard, the situation is worse in rural areas where there is not a single rural housing project that has been implemented thus far instead, there is a lack of infrastructure and other essential services. This is a serious problem that the Nyandeni local municipality faces, as a result the most vulnerable people are the poorest of the poor particularly those residing in rural areas. The study has investigated housing delivery at Nyandeni local municipality with reference to the Extension 4 Housing Project in Ngqeleni. The investigation indicates that there are serious challenges facing housing delivery. Hence the beneficiaries of the project could not get their houses in time and the project could not be completed within the scheduled period.
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Wiegandt, Konstantin. "Superconformal quantum field theories in string." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16605.
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In dieser Dissertation werden Aspekte von superkonformen Quantenfeldtheorien untersucht, die für die sogenannte AdS/CFT Korrespondenz relevant sind. Die AdS/CFT Korrespondenz beschreibt eine Dualität zwischen Stringtheorien im Anti-de Sitter Raum und superkonformen Quantenfeldtheorien im Minkowskiraum. In diesem Kontext wurde die sog. Wilsonschleifen / Amplituden Dualität entdeckt, die die Übereinstimmung von n-Gluon MHV Amplituden und n-seitigen polygonalen Wilsonschleifen in der N=4 supersymmetrischen Yang-Mills (SYM) Theorie beschreibt. Im ersten Teil dieser Dissertation wird die Wilsonschleifenseite einer solchen möglichen Dualität in der N=6 superkonformen Chern-Simons (ABJM) Theorie untersucht. Das Hauptergebnis dieser Untersuchungen ist, dass der Erwartungswert der n-seitigen polygonalen Wilsonschleifen auf Einschleifenebene verschwindet, während er auf Zweischleifenebene in seiner funktionalen Form identisch zu der analogen Wilsonschleife in N=4 SYM auf Einschleifenniveau ist. Außerdem wird eine anomale konforme Wardidentität für Wilsonschleifen in Chern-Simons Theorie berechnet. Zudem werden die damit im Zusammenhang stehenden Entwicklungen für Amplituden und Korrelatoren in der ABJM Theorie diskutiert. Im zweiten Teil dieser Dissertation werden Dreipunktfunktionen von zwei geschützten Operatoren und einem Twist-Zwei Operator mit beleibigem Spin j in der N=4 SYM Theorie berechnet. Dafür werden die Indizes des Spin j Operators auf den Lichtkegel projiziert und der Korrelator wird in einem Grenzfall untersucht in dem der Impuls der bei dem Spin j Operator einfließt verschwindet. Dieser Grenzfall vereinfacht die perturbative Berechnung erheblich, da alle Dreipunktdiagramme effektiv auf Zweipunktdiagramme reduziert werden und die Abhängigkeit der Mischungsmatrix auf Einschleifenebene herausfällt. Das Ergebnis stimmt mit der Analyse der Operatorproduktentwicklung von Vierpunktfunktionen geschützter Operatoren von Dolan und Osborn aus dem Jahre 2004 überein.In this thesis aspects of superconformal field theories that are of interest in the so-called AdS/CFT correspondence are investivated. The AdS/CFT correspondence states a duality between string theories living on Anti-de Sitter space and superconformal quantum field theories in Minkowski space. In the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence the so-called Wilson loop / amplitude duality was discovered, stating the equality of the finite parts of n-gluon MHV amplitudes and n-sided lightlike polygonal Wilson loops in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory. It is the subject of the first part of this thesis to investigate the Wilson loop side of a possible similar duality in N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons matter (ABJM) theory. The main result is, that the expectation value of n-sided lightlike polygonal Wilson loops vanishes at one-loop order and at two-loop order is identical in its functional form to the Wilson loop in N=4 SYM theory at one-loop order. Furthermore, an anomalous conformal Ward identity for Wilson loops in Chern-Simons theory is derived. Related developments and symmetries of amplitudes and correlators in ABJM theory are discussed as well. In the second part of this thesis we calculate three-point functions of two protected operators and one twist-two operator with arbitrary even spin j in N =4 SYM theory. In order to carry out the calculations, the indices of the spin j operator are projected to the light-cone and the correlator is evaluated in a soft-limit where the momentum coming in at the spin j operator becomes zero. This limit largely simplifies the perturbative calculation, since all three-point diagrams effectively reduce to two-point diagrams and the dependence on the one-loop mixing matrix drops out completely. The result is in agreement with the analysis of the operator product expansion of four-point functions of half-BPS operators by Dolan and Osborn in 2004.
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Kraemer, Michael William. "DIVISIONS BETWEEN ARKANSANS IN THE BROOKS-BAXTER WAR." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/4.
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Many historians have failed to consider seriously the role of the Brooks-Baxter War of 1874 in ending Reconstruction in Arkansas. Of those who have, they have not examined participants in the conflict nor attempted a robust study to determine who fought in the conflict. This thesis examines the soldiers and officers of the rival armies of Joseph Brooks and Elisha Baxter. It surveys the participants' class, race, professions, places of birth, and especially places of residence at the time of the conflict. This analysis of the Brooks-Baxter War reaffirms other historians' work on the fall of Reconstruction, while finding unique characteristics to Arkansas's redemption, like substantial support from white Arkansans for upholding Reconstruction and instances of black Arkansans supporting the redeemer army of Elisha Baxter. It concludes that Arkansas redemption was typical of other redemptions in the South in the mid-1870s, insofar as the powerful role that the state Democratic Party and Democratic elites played in ending Reconstruction in the state. The Brooks-Baxter War shows, however, that redemption in Arkansas had a more moderate face in that explicit, naked white supremacist rhetoric was not as apparent in the overthrow of Reconstruction there as in some other Deep Southern states.
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Ormes, Sara. "A Masterable Past? Swiss Historical Memory of World War II." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/4.
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After World War II, every country that had been touched by or involved in the war had to come to terms with its past. In the case of Switzerland, the Swiss government, the army and some of the country’s leadership established a strong official historical memory of the war, portraying Switzerland as a neutral, benevolent and well-fortified country that remained innocent and untouched by the war.
From the 1960s onwards, Swiss artists and intellectuals challenged these myths by presenting alternative views of the Swiss past in their work. Beginning in the 1970s, Swiss historians published an increasing amount of scholarly research concerning Switzerland’s World War II past, and challenging the official historical memory promoted by the government.
In the 1990s, after the discovery of thousands of dormant Swiss bank accounts containing Holocaust assets, Switzerland was forced to adopt a more realistic memory of its involvement in World War II. An Independent Commission of Experts, established by the Swiss government, conducted thorough research about Switzerland’s wartime involvement and published its Final Report in 2002.
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Ecker, James Sherwood. "D+4." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1352821786.
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Frank, Cynthia M. "The Impact of Electoral Engineering on Nationalist Party Behavior in Post-War States." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/4.
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To what extent can electoral engineering mitigate deadly intra-state conflict? This paper investigates the impact of electoral engineering on nationalist party behavior in highly-fragmented states. As nationalist parties have been instrumental in escalating inter-group tensions to large-scale hostilities, frameworks for conflict resolution frequently incorporate institutional mechanisms as a means of altering the incentives for conflict exploitation or for inter-group cooperation. Specifically, the paper investigates proportional representation (PR) and preferential systems. To test the impact of these systems, the study observes party engagement in cooperative or conflictual behavior during legislative campaigns in the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Republika Srpska, and Croatia over several election cycles. Data from the Bosnian cases largely support expectations that PR presents incentives for nationalist parties to “play the ethnic card” and exacerbate communal conflict. In contrast, the Croatian case provides a degree of support for the prediction that preferential voting structures encourage cooperation and thus conflict dampening.
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Prokop, Michael. "The secret war in Laos : America's time in South East Asia and its impacts /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/socssp/4.
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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.Project advisor: Harold Kerbo. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 14, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
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Fairbrother, Mark E. "The intersection of just war theory, Romans 13:4, the Arab-Israeli War of 1967, and pre-emptive war." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Söderlund, Anne. "Physiotherapy management, coping and outcome prediction in whiplash associated disorders (WAD) /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4948-4/.
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Clayton, John Derek. "The Battle of the Sambre 4 November 1918." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6799/.
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The Battle of the Sambre was the last large-scale set-piece battle of the Great War. The German army was determined to hold a defensive line incorporating the Mormal Forest and the Sambre-Oise canal, hoping to buy time for a strategic withdrawal to the Meuse and thereby negotiate a compromise peace. This thesis analyses the battle at the operational and tactical levels: the BEF was no longer striving for a breakthrough – sequential ‘bite and hold’ was now the accepted method of advance. The difference between plan and reality is examined, highlighting the levels of tactical competence of units engaged and also the role of the Royal Engineers, whose tasks involved devising improvised bridging equipment to facilitate the crossing of the waterway. The competence of brigade and battalion commanders is examined: some proved capable of pragmatic flexibility in the face of stubborn enemy resistance and were able to adapt or even abandon original plans in order to ensure ultimate success. It was a decisive victory for the BEF, which irrevocably crushed the will of the German defenders, leading to the pursuit of a demoralised, broken and beaten army, whose means of continued resistance had been destroyed, and thus expedited the armistice.
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Hansebo, Görel. "Assessment of patients' needs and resources as a basis in supervision for individualised nursing care in nursing home wards : evaluation of an intervention study /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4531-4/.
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Madakadze, Ignacio Casper. "Physiology, productivity and utilisation of warm season (C¦4) grasses in a short growing season area." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0017/NQ37002.pdf.
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Schmuhl, Yvonne. "Römische Siegesmonumente republikanischer Zeit : Untersuchungen zu Ursprüngen, Erscheinungsformen und Denkmalpolitik /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2008. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-3425-4.htm.
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Herron, Stefanie. "Willa Cather's argument with modernism unearthing faith amid the ruins of war /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 228 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1650498641&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Nigro, Carol A. "Scribbling across continents Cold War humanism and phenomenology in Cy Twombly's early works /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 341 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1892017001&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Huff, David. "Prolongation in Post-Tonal Music: A Survey of Analytical Techniques and Theoretical Concepts with an Analysis of Alban Berg's Op. 2, No. 4, Warm Die Lüfte." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33168/.
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Prolongation in post-tonal music is a topic that music theorists have engaged for several decades now. The problems of applying Schenkerian analytical techniques to post-tonal music are numerous and have invited several adaptations of the method. The bulk of the thesis offers a survey of prolongational analyses of post-tonal music. Analyses of theorists such as Felix Salzer, Allen Forte, Joseph Straus, Edward Laufer, and Olli Väisälä are examined in order to reveal their various underlying theoretical principles. The thesis concludes with an analysis of Alban Berg's Warm die Lüfte from his Op. 2 collection that focuses on the prolongation of a referential sonority that forms the background of the song. The analysis highlights the most significant analytical techniques and theoretical concepts explored in the survey and codifies them in a generally applicable method of post-tonal prolongational analysis.
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Branikas, Spyros. "NATO continuity and change : the Atlantic Alliance as an institution, organization and force by reference to Articles 4, 5, and 6 of the Washington Treaty." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1291.
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Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited.This thesis examines the evolution of NATO as an institution in the International System by reference to Articles 4, 5 and 6 of the Washington Treaty of 1949. Initially, the thesis considers NATO from an international relations perspective. It then proceeds to examine the institutional evolutionary process of the Alliance since its inception and implementation in 1949. Furthermore, it explores the significance and the meaning of the aforementioned Articles. This thesis utilizes the case study method and refers to four distinct events that have shaped allied policies and strategies: the Suez Crisis of 1956, the establishment of the politico-military consultation process, the Yom Kippur War (1973), and the end of the Cold War (1989-1991). It also examines the allied policies after the events of September 11, 2001. Moreover, it identifies a general pattern of events pertinent to crisis creation inside NATO when the organization is facing a defense issue outside the Euro-Atlantic area. Finally, the thesis concludes that NATO is more than an ordinary military Alliance, as advocated by its longevity, agility and adaptability, which allows the Alliance to maintain a central position in the International System as a robust politico-military organization.
Lieutenant Commander, Hellenic Navy
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Vargas, Miguel M. "Causes of the Jewish Diaspora Revolt in Alexandria: Regional Uprisings from the Margins of Greco-Roman Society." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849731/.
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This thesis examines the progression from relatively peaceful relations between Alexandrians and Jews under the Ptolemies to the Diaspora Revolt under the Romans. A close analysis of the literature evidences that the transition from Ptolemaic to Roman Alexandria had critical effects on Jewish status in the Diaspora. One of the most far reaching consequences of the shift from the Ptolemies to Romans was forcing the Alexandrians to participate in the struggle for imperial patronage. Alexandrian involvement introduced a new element to the ongoing conflict among Egypt’s Jews and native Egyptians. The Alexandrian citizens consciously cut back privileges the Jews previously enjoyed under the Ptolemies and sought to block the Jews from advancing within the Roman system. Soon the Jews were confronted with rhetoric slandering their civility and culture. Faced with a choice, many Jews forsook Judaism and their traditions for more upwardly mobile life. After the outbreak of the First Jewish War Jewish life took a turn for the worse. Many Jews found themselves in a system that classified them according to their heritage and ancestry, limiting advancement even for apostates. With the resulting Jewish tax (fiscus Judaicus) Jews were becoming more economically and socially marginalized.
The Alexandrian Jews were a literate society in their own right, and sought to reverse their diminishing prestige with a rhetoric of their own. This thesis analyzes Jewish writings and pagan writings about the Jews, which evidences their changing socio-political position in Greco-Roman society. Increasingly the Jews wrote with an urgent rhetoric in attempts to persuade their fellow Jews to remain loyal to Judaism and to seek their rights within the construct of the Roman system. Meanwhile, tensions between their community and the Alexandrian community grew. In less than 100 years, from 30 CE to 117 CE, the Alexandrians attacked the Jewish community on at least three occasions. Despite the advice of the most Hellenized elites, the Jews did not sit idly by, but instead sought to disrupt Alexandrian meetings, anti-Jewish theater productions, and appealed to Rome. In the year 115 CE, tensions reached a high. Facing three years of violent attacks against their community, Alexandrian Jews responded to Jewish uprisings in Cyrene and Egypt with an uprising of their own. Really a series of revolts, historians have termed these events simply “the Diaspora Revolt.”
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Brousse, Hendry. "Le Luxembourg de la guerre à la paix (1918 – 1923) : la France, actrice majeure de cette transition." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0320.
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L’histoire du grand-duché de Luxembourg entre 1918 et 1923 n’est pas fondamentalement inconnue. De nombreux historiens ont travaillé sur la « question luxembourgeoise de 1918 à 1919 », sur la question dynastique d’après-guerre, ou encore sur les mouvements sociaux émanant de cette époque. Trois acteurs majeurs sont ainsi les protagonistes des événements de cette période : le Luxembourg, que ce soit le Gouvernement ou encore la population elle-même. La Belgique, qui à travers une politique annexionniste influence grandement le Grand-Duché. La France est le troisième. La politique de cette dernière, souvent considérée comme étant tout autant annexionniste, annule alors celle de la Belgique. Mais pour autant, le Luxembourg a vu sur son territoire, entre 1918 et 1923, la présence de troupes françaises, puis d’une garnison entière. Cet élément, jamais étudié jusqu’alors en tant que tel, est pourtant la présence physique de la France et l’incarnation de ses volontés politiques durant toute la période. L’étude de l’occupation, puis, de la garnison française à Luxembourg permet ainsi de mettre à jour l’ambigüité de la politique française. Mais aussi, l’influence que cette présence a tant sur la politique luxembourgeoise que sur la vie de tous les jours. Enfin, d’analyser les conséquences mémorielles dont l’historiographie en est l’incarnation. Cette étude à travers le prisme de la garnison permet d’entrevoir le rôle majeur de la France durant cette période, aussi bien au niveau des multiples événements (politiques, économiques, sociaux et diplomatiques), que sur le long termeThe history of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg between 1918 and 1923 is not fundamentally unknown. Many historians have worked on the "Luxembourg question from 1918 to 1919", or the post-war dynastic question, or the social movements emanating from this period. Three major countries are thus the protagonists of the events of this period: to begin with Luxembourg’s government and even its population. Belgium through an annexationist policy, also influenced greatly the Grand Duchy. And last but not least France. The latter's policy, which is often considered as being annexationist, cancels that of Belgium. French troops were present in Luxembourg between 1918 and 1923 on its territory. Then of a garrison. This element had never been previously studied as such, but it is the proof of the physical presence of France and of the incarnation of its political will throughout the period. The study of occupation and then of the French garrison in Luxembourg allows updating the ambiguity of the French policy but also the influence of this presence on Luxembourg’s politic, and on everyday life as well. as much as on everyday life. Finally, in order to analyze the memory consequences, of which historiography is embodied, this study is to be seen through the prism of the garrison. It thus allows us to glimpse the major role of France during this period, both in terms of multiple events (political, economic, social and diplomatic), but also it’s long-term role
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Mathieu, Mickaël. "Revigny-sur-Ornain, Vaubécourt et la Première Guerre mondiale : histoire et mémoire dans deux anciens cantons ruraux de la Meuse (1914-2018)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0297.
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La Première Guerre mondiale a fortement touché le département de la Meuse, traversé par la ligne du front occidental… Verdun, le saillant de Saint-Mihiel et l’Argonne portent toujours les cicatrices de ces années de combats. Or, plus au sud, les anciens cantons de Revigny et de Vaubécourt (réunis depuis 2014) ont également subi le feu de la guerre. Rien ne semblait les destiner à devenir un champ de bataille, mais ils se sont retrouvés sur la ligne de front de la première bataille de la Marne car ils sont sur la route des deux principales villes meusiennes, Bar-le-Duc et Verdun, principaux enjeux sur ce secteur de combat. La bataille, opposant la 3e armée française à la Ve armée allemande, y est dure. Au final, les Allemands sont contraints au repli, comme sur l’ensemble du front. Ils abandonnent les cantons de Revigny et de Vaubécourt, théâtre eux-aussi du « miracle de la Marne », mais à la notoriété moindre en comparaison du sauvetage de Paris et des « taxis de la Marne » … Après la bataille de la Marne, les deux cantons, en partie ruinés, se retrouvent dans l’arrière-front français. La ligne de feu s’est fixée plus au nord, mais les effets du conflit se font toujours ressentir. Des généraux y supervisent les opérations sur les fronts de Champagne et de Meuse. Des installations militaires sont érigées afin de soutenir et approvisionner les secteurs des combats. Elles accueillent les soldats français et alliés en partance et au retour du front. La population locale est contrainte de participer à l’effort de guerre, voyant ses principales ressources mises à disposition des armées française et américaine. Pendant l’intégralité du conflit, les habitants des cantons de Revigny et de Vaubécourt ont vécu des heures difficiles, sous le signe de l’angoisse, des privations et des relations parfois difficiles avec l’autorité militaire. Après l’armistice, des hommages sont rendus à ces territoires pour les souffrances endurées pendant les hostilités, rendus par la Nation par l’intermédiaire des deux personnalités politiques meusiennes de l’époque, Raymond Poincaré et André Maginot. Les deux cantons honorent leurs habitants morts du conflit, relèvent leurs ruines, mais font disparaitre les traces, contribuant à l’oubli de ces combats et des événements survenus pendant la Grande Guerre dans les cantons de Revigny et de Vaubécourt. Ce n’est qu’à l’occasion du centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale que cette histoire a partiellement remise en lumièreWorld War I strongly affected the department of the Meuse, crossed by the Western front line ... Verdun, the salient Saint-Mihiel and the Argonne still bear the scars of these years of fighting. However, further south, the former cantons of Revigny and Vaubécourt (gathered since 2014) also suffered the fire of the war. Nothing seemed destined to become a battlefield, but they found themselves on the front line of the first battle of the Marne because they are on the road of the two main cities Meus, Bar-le-Duc and Verdun, main stakes on this combat sector. The battle between the 3rd French Army and the 5th German Army is hard. In the end, the Germans are forced to withdraw, as on the whole front. They abandon the cantons of Revigny and Vaubécourt, also theater of the "miracle of the Marne", but with less notoriety in comparison with the rescue of Paris and "taxis of the Marne" ...After the Battle of the Marne, the two cantons, partly ruined, are found in the French rear-front. The line of fire is more northerly, but the effects of the conflict are still felt. Generals oversee operations on the Champagne and Meuse fronts. Military installations are erected to support and supply the combat areas. They welcome French and Allied soldiers on their way out and back from the front. The local population is forced to participate in the war effort, seeing its main resources made available to the French and American armies. During the whole conflict, the inhabitants of the townships of Revigny and Vaubécourt experienced difficult hours, under the sign of anxiety, privations and sometimes difficult relations with the military authority.After the armistice, tributes are paid to these territories for the suffering endured during the hostilities, rendered by the Nation through the two Meusian politicians of the time, Raymond Poincaré and André Maginot. The two cantons honor their inhabitants who died of the conflict, raise their ruins, but make disappear the traces, contributing to the forgetfulness of these combats and the events which occurred during the Great War in the townships of Revigny and Vaubécourt. It was only on the occasion of the centenary of the First World War that this story was partially brought to light
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Gué, Christophe. "Représentations de la guerre et conduite des opérations en 1914-1918 sur le front du nord et nord-est : le rôle du haut commandement français." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0335.
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En 1914-1918, les faits apportèrent un démenti cinglant aux prévisions. Au lieu d’une guerre courte, décidée par les seules forces terrestres en une ou deux batailles, les belligérants s’enlisèrent dans une lutte longue et coûteuse que les Alliés finirent par remporter en étranglant l’économie de l’Allemagne et en usant ses forces au moyen d’une succession de batailles partielles. Le cours inattendu que prirent les événements amène à s’interroger sur les représentations de la guerre de cette époque, sur la manière dont elles influencèrent les opérations et réciproquement, ainsi que sur le rôle du haut commandement dans ces relations. Une telle approche des opérations est d’autant plus justifiée que le sujet est méconnu, que la guerre est un domaine où le décalage entre réalité et représentations est très marqué, et que ceci est particulièrement vrai de la Grande Guerre. La question se pose donc de savoir si la difficile évolution des représentations, dans un sens conforme à une conduite des opérations efficace, s’est faite malgré le haut commandement, sous la pression des événements, ou s’il n’y a pas finalement concouru. L’impression prévaut qu’il a longtemps été à leur remorque et qu’il a fallu des échecs retentissants et l’action du pouvoir politique pour qu’il soit renouvelé, avec ses représentations. Cette impression est cependant trompeuse car elle repose sur une confusion entre le haut commandement et le GQG qui n’en était qu’une composante. Mis fréquemment à l’écart par ce dernier, les généraux appartenant au haut commandement contribuèrent à l’évolution de la situation à travers l’action de certains d’entre eux, même s’ils utilisèrent souvent des voies détournéesDuring WW1, the events bring a severe denial to the previsions. Instead of the short war won by the sole Land forces in one or two battles, the opponents bogged down in a long and costly struggle, which the Allies won eventually in choking the German economy and by the mean of successive battles of attrition.This unexpected course of events raises questions about the representations of war prevailing at this time, about the way they influenced the operations and conversely about the role of the French High Command in those relations. Studying military operations under this point of view is all the more relevant that this topic remains little known and that war is an activity where the discrepancy between reality and representations is most important. This discrepancy increased dramatically within WW1. The question is therefore to know whether the difficult evolution of war representations, in a sense compliant with the efficient conduct of operations occurred despite the High Command, under the pressure of events, or if he did not eventually concur in this evolution. The main impression is that the High Command was constantly trailing behind and that only resounding failures and the resulting decisions of the political authority caused the replacements in the staff required to change the representations. In fact, those impressions are misleading as far as they are based on a confusion between French High Command and French General HQ (GQG), which was only a component of High Command. Often put aside by the GQG, the generals belonging to the high command contributed in the evolution of this situation, through some of them, even if they did it in bypassing hierarchy
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Seifert, Katharina Elena. "The scope of war crimes against peace-keeping personnel : Do Articles 8 (2) (b) (iii) and (e) (iiD ICC- Statute and 4 (b) SCSL- Statute fulfil the requirements of the principle of specificify in international law?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12610.
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Includes bibliographical references.The United Nations was established to promote international peace and security and has become the world's most important peacekeeper and safeguard of human rights.1 Due to the increasing number of attacks against those who keep the peace in practice, the international community felt the urgent need for a better protection for its peacekeeping personnel.2 Therefore, attacks against peacekeepers have been incorporated in Article 8(2)(b)(iii) and (e)(iii) of the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC-Statute) as well as later in Article 4(b) of the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL-Statute). The incorporation of attacks against peacekeepers in the ICC-Statute was not the only novelty. It is the first international criminal code that provides a general part which explicitly includes the principle of legality (Articles 22- 24 ICC-Statute) and its component of specificity (nullum crime sine lege scripta) (Article 22(2) ICC-Statute). It is the aim of this paper to examine whether the war crimes of intentionally directed attacks against peacekeepers, in its current version, meets the requirement of specificity. This paper will argue that the notion of the principle of legality (nullum crime sine lege) in the ICC-Statute witnesses a development from a loose to a strict application of this principle, and its components. Due to the limitation of this paper, the discussion will focus on the most controversial elements of crime, namely "attack", "peacekeeping mission in accordance with the U.N. Charter" and "as long as they are entitled to the protection afforded to civilians under IHL." I will argue that the elements "attack" and "as long as they are entitled to the protection afforded to civilians under IHL" cannot be clearly defined and that their scope is controversy, which makes it impossible for the subject of law to determine whether certain behaviour has a criminal conduct. This paper will conclude that the current versions of Article 8(2)(b)(iii), (e)(iii) and Article 4(b) SCSL-Statute are consequently violating the principle of specificity, which makes them void. The conclusion will offer a possible lawful version.
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Tomov, Róbert. "Domov důchodců ve Zlatovcích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240221.
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The topic of this thesis is a project documentation of a Retirement home located in Trencin part Staré zlatovce. The object had been designed as a stand-alone four storey building. The floor plan is in the shape of an "F". The Retirement home has a public part, designed for people from nearby area: There is a chapel, a Physician and flats for rent, restaurants and free-time activities. The food prepared in the objects is fairly simple. The main lunch courses are being delivered from a different provider and are only re-heated in the kitchen. A reinforced concrete monolitic skeleton has been used as a contrtuction system for the bulding with square-pillars and infill material is designed from massive wooden construction Novatop solid. The object itself is standing on reinforced concrete footings. The elevator shaft bottom will be made of water ressistant concrete. The building envelope threshold will consist of reinforced concrete as well. One part of the object, above the 3rd floor, is green-roofed, and the roofing above the 4th floor is warm flat roof. The same is designed above the 1st floor chapel - a warm flat roof with rectification pedestals and concrete paving so that the roof can be used as a terrace. Photovoltaic and phototermic collectors are placed on the roofing above the 4th floor. The driveway of the whole object is placed on the western side, just as a parkplace for employees. The parkplace for tennants and visitors is placed on the eastern side.
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Vargas, Miguel M. "Causes of the Jewish Diaspora Revolt in Alexandria: Regional Uprisings from the Margins of Greco-Roman Society, 115-117 CE." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849731/.
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This thesis examines the progression from relatively peaceful relations between Alexandrians and Jews under the Ptolemies to the Diaspora Revolt under the Romans. A close analysis of the literature evidences that the transition from Ptolemaic to Roman Alexandria had critical effects on Jewish status in the Diaspora. One of the most far reaching consequences of the shift from the Ptolemies to Romans was forcing the Alexandrians to participate in the struggle for imperial patronage. Alexandrian involvement introduced a new element to the ongoing conflict among Egypt’s Jews and native Egyptians. The Alexandrian citizens consciously cut back privileges the Jews previously enjoyed under the Ptolemies and sought to block the Jews from advancing within the Roman system. Soon the Jews were confronted with rhetoric slandering their civility and culture. Faced with a choice, many Jews forsook Judaism and their traditions for more upwardly mobile life. After the outbreak of the First Jewish War Jewish life took a turn for the worse. Many Jews found themselves in a system that classified them according to their heritage and ancestry, limiting advancement even for apostates. With the resulting Jewish tax (fiscus Judaicus) Jews were becoming more economically and socially marginalized.
The Alexandrian Jews were a literate society in their own right, and sought to reverse their diminishing prestige with a rhetoric of their own. This thesis analyzes Jewish writings and pagan writings about the Jews, which evidences their changing socio-political position in Greco-Roman society. Increasingly the Jews wrote with an urgent rhetoric in attempts to persuade their fellow Jews to remain loyal to Judaism and to seek their rights within the construct of the Roman system. Meanwhile, tensions between their community and the Alexandrian community grew. In less than 100 years, from 30 CE to 117 CE, the Alexandrians attacked the Jewish community on at least three occasions. Despite the advice of the most Hellenized elites, the Jews did not sit idly by, but instead sought to disrupt Alexandrian meetings, anti-Jewish theater productions, and appealed to Rome. In the year 115 CE, tensions reached a high. Facing three years of violent attacks against their community, Alexandrian Jews responded to Jewish uprisings in Cyrene and Egypt with an uprising of their own. Really a series of revolts, historians have termed these events simply “the Diaspora Revolt.”
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Beckert, Guillaume. "La solidarité en temps de guerre 1914-1918." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA3003.
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La solidarité est un phénomène qui pousse les personnes à s’entraider. Nous l’avons définie comme étant « un groupe homogène d’individus qui s’unissent pour faire face à une adversité ». Après une étude sur les catastrophes naturelles d’avant-guerre (séismes de l’Italie Méridionale de décembre1908 et du Midi de la France de juin 1909), nous avons constaté des points de convergences entre les besoins solidaires qui s’y sont exprimés et ceux que l’on peut retrouver lors de la Première Guerre Mondiale : forte mortalité, recherche des disparus, blessés nombreux, présence de personnes nécessitant un refuge, et enfin l’intervention de la Croix-Rouge Française. Ce constat est d’autant plus important que ce fut sur ces bases-là que fut organisée la solidarité lors de la Grande Guerre. La Première Guerre Mondiale débute sur une catastrophe, à laquelle la France, contre toutes les attentes de l’époque, n’était pas prête. Les premiers mois voient apparaître tous les éléments dont nous parlions plus haut. Cela n’était pas planifié, et nécessite l’intervention des populations de l’arrière pour sortir de cette situation. Début 1915, une société solidaire de guerre s’installe progressivement. L’État, petit à petit, encadre le phénomène, et cela débouche, à cause d’escroqueries à la charité, sur des séries de lois couvrant l’ensemble de la société. Au fur et à mesure, nous avons détaillé les principaux phénomènes solidaires qui sont spécifiques à chaque année, et démontré une vraie montée en puissance du phénomène tout au long du conflit, dont l’engagement massif la Croix-Rouge Américaine représente un des points d’orgueSolidarity is a phenomenon that pushes people to help each other. We have defined it as "a homogeneous group of individuals who come together to face an adversity". After a study on pre-war natural disasters (earthquakes in southern Italy in december 1908 and in southern France in june 1909), we noted points of convergence between the solidarity needs expressed there and those that can be found during the First World War: high mortality, search for the missing, many wounded, presence of people in need of refuge, and finally the intervention of the French Red Cross. This observation is all the more important as it was on these bases that solidarity was organized during the Great War. The First World War began with a disaster, to which France, against all expectations at the time, was not ready. The first few months see all the elements mentioned above appear. This was not planned, and requires the intervention of the people « at the rear » to get out of this situation. At the beginning of 1915, a war solidarity society gradually established itself. The State progressively, regulated the phenomenon, and this leads, because of charity scams, to a series of laws covering the whole of society. As we went along, we detailed the main solidarity phenomena that are specific to each year, and demonstrated a real increase in the phenomenon throughout the conflict, of which the massive involvement of the American Red Cross is one of the highlights
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Crabbe, Kylie. "Luke/Acts and the end of history." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:39126f79-9260-4e58-81ad-292d559e000e.
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This thesis investigates how understandings of history in diverse texts of the Graeco-Roman period illuminate Lukan eschatology. Two strands of Lukan scholarship have contributed to an enduring tendency to underestimate the centrality of eschatology to Luke/Acts. Hans Conzelmann's thesis, that Luke focused on history rather than eschatology as a response to the parousia's delay, has dominated Lukan scholarship since the mid-twentieth century, with concomitant assumptions about Luke's politics and understanding of suffering. Recent Lukan scholarship has centred instead on genre and rhetoric, examining Luke/Acts predominantly in relation to ancient texts deemed the same genre while overlooking themes (including those of an eschatological character) that these texts do not share. This thesis offers a fresh approach. It illuminates the inherent connections between Luke's understanding of history and its end, and demonstrates significant ways in which Luke's eschatological consciousness shapes key themes of his account. By extending comparisons to a wider range of texts, this study overcomes two clear methodological shortfalls in current research: limiting comparisons of key themes to texts of similar genre, and separating non-Jewish from Jewish texts. Having established the need for a new examination of Luke's eschatology in Chapter 1, in Chapter 2 I set out the study's method of comparing diverse texts on themes that cut across genres. Chapters 3 to 6 then consider each key text and Luke/Acts in relation to a different aspect of their writers' conceptions of history: the direction and shape of history; determinism and divine guidance; human culpability and freedom; and the present and the end of history. The analysis shows that in every aspect of history examined, Luke/Acts shares significant features of the texts with which, because they do not share its genre, it is not normally compared. Setting Luke/Acts in conversation with a broader range of texts highlights Luke's periodised, teleological view of history and provides a nuanced picture of Luke's understanding of divine and human agency, all of which is affected in fundamental ways by his portrayal of the present time already within the final period of history. As a result, this study not only clarifies Lukan eschatology, but reaffirms the importance of eschatology for Lukan politics and theodicy.
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Trémoureux, Carl. "La Première Guerre mondiale, l'artillerie et l'industrialisation de la guerre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL059.
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Avant le déclenchement des affrontements armés, l'Artillerie est équipée en cohérence avec une doctrine inadaptée au regard des conflits récents et des possibilités techniques. Lorsque la guerre courte imaginée se mue en une guerre longue offrant la possibilité d'adapter les armements et nécessitant des consommations massives de projectiles, la gouvernance de la fonction de production entre en crise. Une évolution des schémas mentaux s'impose. L'institution d'un Sous-secrétariat d’État de l'artillerie et des munitions constitue une première manifestation de cette transformation. Albert Thomas adapte la gouvernance de la fonction de production des matériels d'artillerie en mettant en place une programmation des besoins, des fabrications et des facteurs de production, une politique industrielle, ainsi que des instruments de pilotage et de contrôle. Cette nouvelle gouvernance constitue le cœur de l'activité gouvernementale de pilotage de l'économie de guerre, mais cette dernière ne s'y limite pas : elle comprend aussi l'administration de toutes les ressources de la nation, qu'il s'agisse de la main-d'œuvre, des matières premières, de l'énergie, des transports ou des capacités d'innovation. Dans le contexte du parlementarisme de guerre, il est loisible d'affirmer que la concrétisation de l'idée d'une guerre industrielle conduit le pays à se doter peu à peu d'un nouveau régime politico – économique. En contrepoint de cette évolution, les entreprises adaptent leurs modes de fonctionnement pour produire en grandes séries ; les Armées industrialisent leurs fonctions de destruction, de protection, de logistique et de restauration des forcesBefore the outbreak of the militarily clash, the Artillery was equipped in accordance with a doctrine ill-suited to recent conflicts and technical possibilities. When the imagined short war turns into a long war offering the possibility of adapting armaments and requiring massive consumption of projectiles, the governance of the production function enters into crisis. A change in mental patterns is needed. The establishment of an Under-Secretary of State for Artillery and Ammunition is a first step in this transformation. Albert Thomas adapts the governance of the production function of artillery equipment by setting up a program of needs, manufacturing and production factors, an industrial policy, as well as steering and control instruments. This new governance constitutes the heart of the governmental activity of steering the war economy, but the latter is not limited to this: it also includes the administration of all the nation's resources, whether labour, raw materials, energy, transportation or innovation capabilities. In the context of wartime parliamentarianism, it can be said that the realization of the idea of an industrial war gradually leads the country to establish a new political and economic regime. In parallel with this evolution, companies are adapting their operating methods to produce in large series; Armies are industrializing their destruction, protection, logistics and force restoration functions
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Smith, Stephen Gordon Foster. "To End War and Poverty: The Media Strategy of Martin Luther King, Jr. January 1, 1967, to April 4, 1968." Thesis, 2012. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/974788/4/SGFSmith_MA_F2012.pdf.
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Through 1967 until his assassination on April 4, 1968, American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. focused his internationally-recognized authority as a moral and religious leader against America's war in Vietnam and the values that he saw perpetuating the poverty of an estimated 40-million Americans. King’s so-called “new radicalism” presented the difficult challenge of trying to win favourable news coverage for views that challenged those of the news media and mainstream America. Through the transcripts of an FBI wiretap on the home phone of King's most trusted strategist, Stanley D. Levison, and other archival documents, this thesis seeks a better understanding of the media strategy that went into advancing King's antiwar views and his efforts to rid American society of poverty. Positioning himself between go-slow moderates and go-for-broke radicals, King promoted a compelling “militant middle” that wedded radical idealism and pragmatic realism into a dramatic message that the news media could not ignore. Such a strategy was not without its risks and left King facing media coverage that was often critical of his refusal to drop his opposition to the war and adopt a more moderate approach in his fight against poverty. Yet media coverage also provided a crucial forum for his “new radicalism” that King deliberately sought out and used to warn America that its tolerance of war, racism and poverty was leading to social catastrophe and the nation’s imminent “spiritual death.”
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Dag, Haluk. "Peace journalism or war journalism? A comparative analysis of the coverage of Israeli and Turkish newspapers during the Gaza flotilla crisis." Thesis, 2013. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/977030/4/DAG_MA_S2013.pdf.
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This thesis examines the peace journalism model, created by Johan Galtung in the 1970s, and argues that the model could be an alternative approach for the mainstream news media’s reporting practices, especially in times of conflict. In his model, Galtung presents peace journalism and war journalism as two competing frames in the news coverage of conflict. For the present study, I applied both textual analysis and quantitative content analysis to the coverage of the Gaza flotilla crisis of 2010 between Israel and Turkey in two English-language daily newspapers from Israel (The Jerusalem Post and Ha’aretz) and two from Turkey (Today’s Zaman and Hürriyet Daily News) between May 31st and June 30th 2010. The analysis showed that more than two-thirds of the articles could be classified as dominant war journalism framing, compared to slightly more than one-quarter as peace journalism. The analysis focused on the newspapers’ provocative role in the crisis, as well as the story types (news report, editorial, op-eds, etc.), the production source of stories, the indicators of peace and war journalism, and the relationships between these factors. Moreover, I examined the viability of the peace journalism model and tested its ways of telling stories through rewriting the articles used in the present case study. The thesis concludes that some principles of the model could be more easily adopted by journalists than others. However, without reforming the structural problems at the root of modern journalism, it is unlikely that the peace journalism model will gain wider acceptance.
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Kronenberg, Martin. "Die Bedeutung der Schule für die 'Heimatfront' im Ersten Weltkrieg." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B4AE-4.
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Özerdem, Alpaslan, and Sukanya Podder. "Reinsertion Assistance and the Reintegration of Ex-Combatants in War to Peace Transitions. Thematic Working Paper 4." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7311.
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The disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) of former combatants constitutes one of the most crucial activities in a post-conflict peacebuilding context with important effects upon the wider transitional process from war to peace. The efficient implementation of DDR programmes can reassure belligerent parties of the possibility of a permanent cessation of hostilities, as they are often the most visible element of the peace agreement. Moreover, a well-planned and flexible reintegration process can also promote the viability of long-term peace locally, nationally and internationally.1 Since the end of the Cold War, DDR initiatives have been undertaken in more than 25 war-to-peace transition contexts: Afghanistan, Aceh, Angola, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cambodia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), El Salvador, Eritrea, East Timor, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Haiti, Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Liberia, Mindanao, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tajikistan and Uganda. In 2007, over 1,129,000 combatants were taking part in DDR programmes in 20 countries at an estimated cost of US$ 2 billion; one estimate suggests that it worked out to be around US$1,686 per ex-combatant. Some 2/3 of former combatants were from African countries; 42% were members of the armed forces and 58% belonged to armed militias, guerrilla groups and paramilitary groups. Of this statistic, nearly 10% were child soldiers.
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Meyer-Schulz, Katharina. "Zu den gesundheitsfördernden Effekten von Waldaufenthalten." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E3B5-4.
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Bruwer, Johannes Jacobus. "Die rol van die Sesde Suid-Afrikaanse Pantserdivisie in Italië : 27 Mei tot 4 Augustus 1944." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9050.
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Köchy, Martin. "Einfluß einwandernder Espen (Populus tremuloides) auf den Stickstoffhaushalt nordamerikanischer Prärieökosysteme." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B65E-4.
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Lang-Vöge, Karolina. "“Es sind Deutsche, in unseren Augen sowjetische Satelliten...”: Christdemokratische Grundwerte der Adenauer-CDU im Spiegel der deutsch-deutschen Teilung und in Ableitung auf den realsozialistischen Osten (1945 bis 1966)." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F0A8-4.
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Tylianakis, Jason. "Räumlich-zeitliche Auswirkungen der Landnuzung auf die Diversität von Bienen und Wespen." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-ABB5-4.
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Mtonga, Majority. "The impact of small scale irrigation projects on food security : the case of Inkosikazi Irrigation Project, instituted by World Vision in Wards 4 and 5, in the Bubi District, Zimbabwe." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18720.
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This study provides an overview of the impact of small scale irrigation on food security using the case study of Inkosikazi irrigation scheme in the Bubi District of Zimbabwe. The study discovers a set of political, economical, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors that are holding the district under food insecurity. The communities have been relying on food aid from international NGOs like World Vision, the Catholic Relief Services and Care International. This dependence has further crippled them into more vulnerability and poverty as their productive capabilities cannot be explored. The communities of Wards 4 and 5 established the Inkosikazi irrigation scheme with the assistance of World Vision with the sole objective of improving their nutritional status. Even though the project took six years to complete, it would also cater for improved income levels of the communities. This study assesses the impact of the Inkosikazi irrigation scheme using the activities of 240 irrigation farmers on landholding plots of 0.25ha each. No doubt the establishment of the irrigation scheme has contributed to new life improvement perspectives for a community that was once perceived as vulnerable, poor, fragile, exposed and incapacitated. The project stands out as one of the lasting initiatives to reduce the food trap in the district and indicates similar initiatives can be applied for other communities in Zimbabwe in general for the same reasons.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
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Collet-Garand, Aurélie. "French Kiss : les fêtes nationales françaises et américaines dans la France en guerre (1914-1918)." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12475.
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La fête nationale française, décrétée en 1880, vise à consolider l’adhésion à la Troisième République, régime né dix ans auparavant et toujours en déficit de légitimité. Malgré les efforts du gouvernement pour rejoindre les Français de toutes allégeances, des discordes idéologiques persistent et la fête nationale du 14-Juillet ne parvient pas à faire l'unanimité. Telle est la situation sociale et politique de la France à l’aube de la Grande Guerre. Alors que se multiplient les batailles et les pertes militaires, la conviction d'une guerre courte fait place à la réalité d'une guerre aussi destructrice qu’interminable. Les 14-Juillet de ces années-là démontrent la nécessité d'adapter les célébrations nationales à la réalité de la guerre totale et des besoins qu'elle engendre. Parallèlement, le deuil et la souffrance de la guerre ravivent les oppositions sociales et politiques d'avant-guerre, remettant en question les capacités du gouvernement à faire face à la situation, menaçant tant l'Union Sacrée que la République. L'entrée en guerre des États-Unis, en avril 1917, offre l'occasion à quelques hommes politiques prévoyants de rétablir la cohésion sociale autour des valeurs républicaines. En 1917, puis en 1918, le gouvernement mise sur l'union des fêtes nationales républicaines française et américaine pour ranimer l'espoir, le courage et le patriotisme de tous les Français. Au-delà de l'hommage rendu à un allié que l'on espérait plus, l'union des deux fêtes devient le symbole de la solidarité et de la fraternité qui unit les deux Républiques-sœurs, et réaffirme la force et la légitimité du régime français en place. Le 14-Juillet, emblème du parcours social et politique français, connaît donc, à l’occasion de la Grande Guerre, une mutation, une redéfinition de sens. À l'image de la France, « moderne », le 14-Juillet tel que développé lors du conflit, ne cesse de s'adapter aux besoins et à l'image d'une société en constante évolution.The French national holiday, Bastille Day, was established in 1880 to strengthen popular support to the Third Republic, a disesteemed political regime born ten years earlier. Despite the government’s efforts to rally French people of all allegiances, ideological discord persisted and the parties involved were unable to reach a unanimous decision regarding the national holiday of July 14. Such was the political and social situation in France in 1914, at the dawn of the Great War. While battles and military losses multiply, convictions of a short war gave way to the reality of an endless and destructive conflict. During the years of ceaseless battles, the celebrations of the Bastille Day demonstrated the necessity of adapting national holidays to the context and needs brought to a country by a total war. In parallel, the mourning and suffering birthed by the Great War revived pre-war oppositions, both social and political, thus undermining the Union sacrée, as well as the Republic. The United-State’s involvement in World War I, beginning in April 1917, offered to a few passionate and far-sighted political figures the opportunity to restore consensus among the French people on republican values. In 1917 and 1918, the French government united both French and American national holidays, in the hope to revive optimism, courage and patriotism amongst the population. Beyond the initial tribute to a long sought-after ally, the union of national holidays became a symbol of solidarity and fraternity between both republics, thereby reaffirming the strength and legitimacy of the French political regime in place. The French national holiday, emblematic of the social and political evolution of its people, faced a sense-defining mutation during the Great War. The “Modern” Bastille Day, as developed during the war, never ceases to adapt to the needs and image of the ever-growing society it celebrates.