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1
Barakat, Sultan. "Reviving war-damaged settlements : towards an international charter for reconstruction after war." Thesis, University of York, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4661/.
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This study is concerned with the issue of reviving settlements after war. It focuses on the formulation of reconstruction policies and programmes. The aim is not to propose ready made solutions but rather to identify a set of 'practical' and 'effective' reconstruction recommendations, that could in the future constitute a morally based international reconstruction philosophy. The problem we are addressing is that: Often, the task of rebuilding war-devastated settlements is seen entirely as a 'series of short-term quick fix projects'; carried out by central governments; and often imposed from above to serve 'hidden political agendas', with the ultimate result of the disaster of war being followed by the 'disaster of reconstruction '. The hub of this research is based on field investigations and literature studies and, is presented to support the following hypothesis: Settlement reconstruction should be an integral part of the nation-wide post-war development strategy, and within that reconstruction policies should foster the incremental learning process by the affected local communities. This dissertation sets out to understand the nature of armed conflicts and the complexity of reconstruction after war. It attempts to catalogue and discuss the different tasks involved in the process of reconstruction by establishing, from the available (cross-cultural) literature, a conceptual framework of some of the main planning and implementation issues and dilemmas. It then examines in detail the three cases of Iraq, Yemen and Belfast. Finally, it focuses on the concept of community participation In reconstruction which has widely been claimed to be the answer to many reconstruction problems. And concludes by: (1) drawing up a set of 'policy and practice' recommendations, that would enable 'careful' decision-makers, professionals and community leaders to ensure that the 'disaster of war' will not be followed by a 'catastrophe of reconstruction', and (2) 1aying the basis for an internationally respectable 'Charter for Reconstruction after War', that would help to involve governments and international bodies in the development and application of sound reconstruction policies, with the ultimate result of them being responsive to the needs of people. Both are translations of the insights gained from this research into practical solutions.
2
Brooke, Stephen James. "Labour's war : party, coalition and reconstruction 1939-45." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291291.
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3
Heleta, Savo. "Post-war reconstruction and development: a collective case study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008049.
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Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a surge in post-war stabilisation, reconstruction and development operations around the world. Externally driven efforts have been shaped by the liberal peace framework, which assumes that a rapid transmission or imposition of neo-liberal norms and values, combined with Western-style governance institutions, would create conditions for lasting peace and prosperity. Only in a few instances countries have attempted internally driven post-war reconstruction and development; in most cases, these efforts were either ignored or suppressed by international analysts, experts, academics and organisations. Despite all the expertise and funding spent since the early 1990s, externally driven operations have not led to lasting peace and stability, establishment of functioning institutions, eradication of poverty, livelihood improvements and economic reconstruction and development in war-torn countries. All too often, programmes, policies and „solutions‟ were designed and imposed by external actors either because they worked elsewhere or because they were influenced by geopolitical, economic and/or security interests of powerful countries. Furthermore, external actors have tended to assume that generic approaches based on the liberal peace framework can work in all places, while ignoring local actors, contexts and knowledge. Focusing on Bosnia and Herzegovina, South Sudan and Somaliland, this exploratory qualitative study critically explores and assesses both externally and internally driven post-war reconstruction and development practices and operations in order to understand the strengths and shortcomings of both approaches and offer recommendations for future improvements. This is important since socio-economic recovery and economic development are crucial for lasting stability and peace in post-war countries.
4
Akbar, Haji Ebrahim Zargar. "Reconstruction of war-damaged rural areas of Khuzestan, Iran." Thesis, University of York, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4266/.
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5
Billaud, Julie. "Malalay's sisters : women's public visibility in 'post war/reconstruction' Afghanistan." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2396/.
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This thesis investigates the modalities and conditions of Afghan women's reappearance in the public domain following the downfall of the Taliban regime. Based on a twelvemonth ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2007 among different groups of women (women MPs, women's rights activists, female University Students) mostly based in Kabul, I study women's responses to various social anxieties that have emerged as a consequence of this new visibility. I argue that while the current ‘reconstruction' project has opened new possibilities for women and created new imaginaries pertaining to their role in society, the ideological framework (i.e liberal notions of equality and human rights etc.) on which it is grounded together with the strong military presence of foreign troops, have fuelled tensions at different levels of the Afghan society. Pressurized by their community to remain faithful to their ‘culture', ‘religion' and ‘tradition' on one hand, and encouraged to access the public and become ‘visible' by global forces on the other hand, women have been left with little choice but to adapt and find alternative ways to preserve a sense of autonomy. I describe these tactics as ‘oppositional practices of everyday life' (De Certeau 1984), i.e complex practices of dissimulation which under the necessary appearance of compliance and conformity allow women to reconfigure social norms and create new spaces for themselves. More generally, this work engages with issues such as nationalism, Islam, gender, veiling, modernity, agency, rights and the public sphere.
6
Kraemer, Michael William. "DIVISIONS BETWEEN ARKANSANS IN THE BROOKS-BAXTER WAR." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/4.
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Many historians have failed to consider seriously the role of the Brooks-Baxter War of 1874 in ending Reconstruction in Arkansas. Of those who have, they have not examined participants in the conflict nor attempted a robust study to determine who fought in the conflict. This thesis examines the soldiers and officers of the rival armies of Joseph Brooks and Elisha Baxter. It surveys the participants' class, race, professions, places of birth, and especially places of residence at the time of the conflict. This analysis of the Brooks-Baxter War reaffirms other historians' work on the fall of Reconstruction, while finding unique characteristics to Arkansas's redemption, like substantial support from white Arkansans for upholding Reconstruction and instances of black Arkansans supporting the redeemer army of Elisha Baxter. It concludes that Arkansas redemption was typical of other redemptions in the South in the mid-1870s, insofar as the powerful role that the state Democratic Party and Democratic elites played in ending Reconstruction in the state. The Brooks-Baxter War shows, however, that redemption in Arkansas had a more moderate face in that explicit, naked white supremacist rhetoric was not as apparent in the overthrow of Reconstruction there as in some other Deep Southern states.
7
Williams, James Levon Jr. "Civil War and Reconstruction in the Yazoo Mississippi Delta, 1863-1875." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186065.
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Having constructed a plantation economy in the Yazoo Mississippi Delta, white Delta planters struggled to retain control of African-American labor after the start of the Civil War. In their effort, the planters manipulated the Freedmen's Bureau; passed the Black Code; sought out foreign labor; and condoned extralegal intimidation. The Civil War disrupted the plantation economy of the Yazoo Delta, prompting the planters to pursue innovative means to preserve the status quo. To achieve this end, they fought with the Confederate government for control of the militia, attempting to stabilize an economy rocked by military incursions, deserters, and outbreaks of lawlessness. Emancipation, the ultimate disruption to the plantation, precipitated a struggle between these former masters and African-Americans seeking to find the meaning of their freedom. The United States government also attempted to restructure the plantation economy of the Delta after the Civil War, but planters often manipulated federal authority to their advantage. Charged with protecting the interests of the freedmen, the Freedmen's Bureau, for example, frequently accommodated the labor needs of Delta planters, even transporting labor to the plantations when necessary. Similarly, Union military commanders frequently supported the planters in their attempt to control black labor. Delta planters, however, wished themselves entirely free of outside governance. Thus, in 1865, they helped formulate the Black Code, seeking to limit the labor options of the freedmen. When Congress negated this code, the planters sought foreign laborers to force African-Americans into economic desperation. Under congressional patronage, moderate Republicans, led by Delta planter James L. Alcorn, attempted to build a party led by white men and supported by African-American votes. When this moderate "Alcorn Republican" system failed in 1873, the planters aligned themselves with the "straight out" Democratic party, rather than support the pro-black Republicans led by Adelbert Ames. Using a system of fraud and brute violence, the white planters ultimately seized power from the Republican party in 1875. This "Mississippi Plan" allowed the planters to remove labor from politics, free the state from authority inimical to their interests, and ensure continuation of the plantation economy.
8
Markwell, D. J. "John Maynard Keynes and international relations : idealism, economic paths to war and peace, and post-war reconstruction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296061.
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Baillie, Britt Alexandra. "The wounded church : war, destruction and reconstruction of Vukovar's religious heritage." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609351.
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Zuczek, Richard M. "State of rebellion : people's war in reconstruction South Carolina, 1865-1877 /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848891512231.
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Vetsopoulos, Apostolos. "The economic dimensions of the Marshall Plan in Greece, 1947-1952." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317677/.
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This thesis concerns the economic dimensions of the Marshall Plan in Greece from 1947 to 1952. The Marshall Aid Program and Mission contributed to the reconstruction and development of the Greek economy after the destruction of World War II and the Greek Civil War. However, because of the shortcomings of its backward economy, Greece was a special case in the implementation of the Marshall Plan in Europe. In particular, the problems of inefficiency and corruption influenced political and social issues on the decision-making process, while uniquely, the Marshall planners tried to create institutions in order to facilitate reconstruction and to improve Greek people's life. The implementation of the Marshall Plan aimed at the development of the Greek economy parallel to the economic development of the other European countries. The Marshall Plan tried to help the backward Greek economy participate in international trade, and created the foundations for the post-war development of the Greek economy. The principal argument of the thesis is that the Greek economy was too weak to absorb fully the enormous aid granted because private and state investments were too negligible to meet further economic development, while a number of Greek politicians and bourgeoisie prevented the implementation of the economic programme. This forced the American Marshall planners to 'freeze' a great part of the aid in order to cover the budget deficit and to hold inflation. The 'frozen' aid 'counterpart funds' were utilised in the two fiscal years following June 1952. Therefore, in the post-war period, the Marshall Plan was the first systematic effort to stabilise the Greek economy, thereby in due course enabling Greece to join the European Economic Community in 1980.
12
Perrin, Teresa Thomas. "Crime and order in San Antonio during the Civil War and Reconstruction." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035163.
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13
Rohr, Karl C. "Progressive reconstruction a methodology for stabilization and reconstruction operations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FRohr.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Karen Guttieri. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100). Also available in print.
14
Tassi, Aurelio [Verfasser]. "On the way to a new life: Comparative analysis on DDR post-war reconstruction processes / Aurelio Tassi." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080206493/34.
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Atilgan, Yonca. "The Reconstruction Of Europe From Post-ww Ii To Post-cold War." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609371/index.pdf.
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&lsquoThe reconstruction of Europe&rsquo
is a subject covering a quite long period that has seen various outstanding historical events changing the geography and power distribution in Europe, and in the politics of international relations within a general framework. This study underlines the impact of geopolitical setting in the post-WW II and the post-Cold War periods to understand the acts of actors and related outcomes in the reconstruction of Europe. By the comparison of reconstructive acts and ingredients of the foreign policy strategies in both periods, this study attempts to reach the conclusion that &lsquo
the geographical position&rsquo
and the &lsquo
capability to implement&rsquo
defines states&rsquo
foreign policy structuring. The policy choice and instruments of the US in the post-WW II period for the reconstruction of Europe and the policy choice and instruments of West European countries for the reconstruction of Central and Eastern Europe, via the EU and enlargement strategy, in the post- Cold War period has been the focal point of this study to support the argument mentioned above.
16
Katkhouda, Roula. "Affordable Housing in the Suburbs of Beirut: Prospects in Post-War Reconstruction." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95579.
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This thesis examines the recent affordable housing development that is occuring in the suburbs of Beirut as part of the post-Civil War reconstruction activities in Lebanon. It investigates the social, economic, political and urban factors that influence this phenomenon. Starting with tracing the urban evolution of Beirut and its suburbs from the pre-war phase, the study conducts a critical appraisal of the planning approach for post-war reconstruction of the metropolitan city proposed by the public sector. Sixty individual housing projects, surveyed in the summer of 1994, are then subjected to a detailed analysis in their physical (architectural), social and economic aspects. A hypothetical model of affordable residential developments in the suburbs as permitted by the zoning regulations is elaborated, to assess their preliminary financial feasibility in terms of profit for the private developer. The areas that hold possibilities for future exploitation owing to their high profit potentials from affordable housing development are thus identified. The needs and expectations of prospective buyers/occupants of such apartments are further surveyed by analyzing the results of a questionnaire distributed to 320 low-middle income employees, initiating a comparative study between the supply and demand in this market. The thesis reveals the nature of interdependence of the socioeconomic, political and urban factors that shape the course of the affordable housing development, and highlight~ its capacity in creating a new and better living environment in post-war Beirut that also fosters social healing. To this end, the thesis emphasizes the necessity of having the different players involved in the process -public policy makers, planers, private developers, architects and potential users- coordinate their efforts and thus, their anticipated mutual benefits.La présente thèse examine le développement de logements abordables dans les banlieues de Beyrouth, faisant partie des activités de reconstruction après la guerre civile au Liban. Elle se penche sur les facteurs sociaux, économiques, politiques et urbains influents ce phénomène récent. En un premier lieu, l’étude retrace l’évolution urbaine de Beyrouth et ses banlieues depuis la période d’avant-guerre, et évalue l’approche du secteur publique dans la planification, à partir des plans de reconstruction de la région métropolitaine. Soixante projets résidentiels, documentés durant l’été de 1994, sont ensuite assujettis à une analyse détaillée de leurs aspects physiques (architecturaux), sociaux et économiques. L’élaboration d’un model hypothétique de développements résidentiels abordables, suivant le réglement de zonage des banlieues, permet de faire une étude préliminaire de leur faisabilité fmancière en tant que profits pour les développeurs privés. En ce faisant, les zones qui attestent des possibilités d’exploitation futur sont identifiés en vertu de leur potentiels de développement de projets abordables à hauts profits. Les besoins et anticipations des acheteurs/occupants prospectifs de ce type de logements sont aussi examinés à travers l’analyse des résultats d’un questionnaire, distribué auprés de 320 employés à revenus modérés; ce qui occasionne une étude comparative entre l’offre et la demande dans ce marché. La thèse révèle la nature de l’interdépendance des facteurs socioéconomiques, politiques et urbains qui orientent la direction du logement abordable et met en valeur sa capacité à créer un environnement viable meilleur et une société plus unie pour le Beyrouth d’aprés-guerre. A cette fin, la thèse souligne la nécessité d’avoir les différents acteurs du ce processus - planificateurs publiques, urbanistes, développeurs privés, architectes et occupants prospectif
17
Doe, Samuel Gbaydee. "Indigenising post-war state reconstruction : the case of Liberia and Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4468.
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Current approaches to post-war state reconstruction are primarily dominated by the liberal peace thesis. These approaches tend to ignore the indigenous institutions, societal resources and cultural agencies of post-conflict societies, although such entities are rooted in the sociological, historical, political and environmental realities of these societies. Such universalised and 'best practice' approaches, more often than not, tend to reproduce artificial states. The Poro and Sande are the largest indigenous sodality institutions in the 'hinterlands' - a pejorative term attributed to rural Liberia and Sierra Leone. Both the Poro and Sande exercise spiritual, political, economic and social authority. In this thesis, I use critical realism and the case study approach to investigate: a) the extent to which the liberal peace practitioners who are leading state reconstruction in Liberia and Sierra Leone recognised the role and potential utility of the Poro and Sande institutions; b) the extent to which the Poro and Sande were engaged; and c) the implications for the quality and viability of the reconstructed states. This evidence-based research suggests that the liberal peace project sidelined indigenous institutions, including the Poro and Sande, in the post-war recovery and rebuilding exercises. The disregard for indigenous and emerging resources in the context of state reconstruction in Liberia and Sierra Leone has contributed to the resurgence of 19th century counter-hegemonic resistance from the sodality-governed interior of both countries. At the same time, the reconstructed states are drifting back towards their pre-war status quo. Authority structures remain fragmented, kleptocracy is being restored, webs of militarised patronage networks are being emboldened, and spaces for constructive dialogues are shrinking. This thesis underscores the need for indigenisation as a complementary strategy to help reverse the deterioration, and to maximise gains from massive investments in peacebuilding.
18
Doe, Samuel G. "Indigenising post-war state reconstruction. The Case of Liberia and Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4468.
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Current approaches to post-war state reconstruction are primarily dominated by the
liberal peace thesis. These approaches tend to ignore the indigenous institutions,
societal resources and cultural agencies of post-conflict societies, although such
entities are rooted in the sociological, historical, political and environmental realities
of these societies. Such universalised and `best practice¿ approaches, more often than
not, tend to reproduce artificial states. The Poro and Sande are the largest indigenous
sodality institutions in the `hinterlands¿¿a pejorative term attributed to rural Liberia
and Sierra Leone. Both the Poro and Sande exercise spiritual, political, economic and
social authority. In this thesis, I use critical realism and the case study approach to
investigate: a) the extent to which the liberal peace practitioners who are leading state
reconstruction in Liberia and Sierra Leone recognised the role and potential utility of
the Poro and Sande institutions; b) the extent to which the Poro and Sande were
engaged; and c) the implications for the quality and viability of the reconstructed
states. This evidence-based research suggests that the liberal peace project sidelined
indigenous institutions, including the Poro and Sande, in the post-war recovery and
rebuilding exercises. The disregard for indigenous and emerging resources in the
context of state reconstruction in Liberia and Sierra Leone has contributed to the
resurgence of 19th century counter-hegemonic resistance from the sodality-governed
interior of both countries. At the same time, the reconstructed states are drifting back
towards their pre-war status quo. Authority structures remain fragmented,
kleptocracy is being restored, webs of militarised patronage networks are being
emboldened, and spaces for constructive dialogues are shrinking. This thesis
underscores the need for indigenisation as a complementary strategy to help reverse
the deterioration, and to maximise gains from massive investments in peacebuilding.
19
Carlin, Matthew P. "The Hydraulic Dimension of Reconstruction in Louisiana, 1863-1879." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2594.
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Louisiana developed an extensive system of levees throughout the Atchafalaya Basin and along its territorial Mississippi River. This system reached its zenith on the eve of the American Civil War. It went into dramatic decline following the conflict due to the confluence of military activity, protracted irregular warfare, and neglect stemming from labor and capital revolution. These shifts intensified with the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation and finally consolidated after the ratification of Louisiana’s Constitution of 1879. The shift of responsibility for the construction and maintenance of levees during the Reconstruction Era led to many significant changes in the character and function of many of the State’s institutions as it struggled to adapt to the postwar order it confronted.
20
Johnson, Steven Kirkham. "Re-enacting the Civil War : genre and American memory /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9378.
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Motawef, Sharif. "Reconstruction policy and implementation in war disaster areas : the case of Khorramshahr, Iran." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2114.
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22
Makarem, Hadi. "Actually existing neoliberalism : the reconstruction of downtown Beirut in post-civil war Lebanon." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3078/.
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This thesis assesses neoliberal urban developments in post-civil war Lebanon. It does so by focusing on the reconstruction of Downtown Beirut, which contributed towards: firstly, increasing a public debt that was burdening the country at the time; and secondly, reproducing sectarian divisions in Lebanese politics and society. To explain this outcome, this thesis analyses the policies of specific agents who were involved in, and in control of, the reconstruction process. The agents being referred to were led by the former Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri until his death in 2005. When analysed, these policies are found to follow the neoliberal logic of the late prime minister, but also to have been designed and implemented in a way to create and extract as much rent as possible for the benefit of those with invested interests in the reconstruction process. In this regard, it is argued that rent-seeking activities and behaviours heavily influenced the decision-making processes in key institutions concerned with reconstruction matters. Rent-seeking is used to refer to a wide range of social activities. In the case of Lebanon, we find a clear overlap between rent-seeking and two other processes that are endemic to the country: corruption and clientelism. The overlap between rent-seeking and these two other processes is a significant demonstration of how the nation-state and local politics shape the development and implementation of neoliberal economic policies, so that ‘actually existing neoliberalism’ is highly uneven from one region to another, and even from one country to the next. Because agency is placed at the centre of the analysis, this thesis adopts an approach that is more sociological in nature. It also makes use of two sets of literatures: those of liberal peacebuilding and new urban governance. This allows concepts and explanations to be used from both, in turn, complementing the analysis when delineating the patterns of neoliberalism that are specific to post-civil war Lebanon.
23
Crawley, Lisa M. "The 'double veil' African American women during the civil war and reconstruction period." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517363.
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24
Suri, Shipra Narang. "Urban planning and post-war reconstruction under transitional administrations : the case of Mostar." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14213/.
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25
Fiala, Darol D. M. "Cost analysis of electric grid enhancement utilizing distributed generation in post-war reconstruction." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/March/09Mar%5FFiala.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Nussbaum, Daniel. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Distributed generation, DG, DGR, energy, electricity, Iraq, infrastructure, rebuild, wind, solar, PV, photovoltaic, microturbine, generator, LCC, life-cycle cost, security, war, reconstruction Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64). Also available in print.
26
Barclay, Joanne Sarah. "Uncivil War: Memory and Identity in the Reconstruction of the Civil Rights Movement." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/999.
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Memory is constructed to solidify a certain version of the past in the collective identity. History and memory occupy a controversial role in the New South, with battles over the legacy of the Civil War and the reassertion of Confederate symbols in the wake of the Civil Rights Movement's challenge to the status quo.
Memory of the Civil Rights Movement is entering public conscious through cultural mediums such as films and museums, as well as through politically contentious debates over the continued display of the Confederate battle flag and the creation of a federal holiday honoring Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
The process is still taking place to construct the Civil Rights Movement within the American collective memory. What aspects of this history are commemorated, and which aspects are neglected, will have impact in American society well into the twenty-first century.
27
Verney, K. J. "Contrast and continuity : 'black' reconstruction in South Carolina and Mississipi 1861-1877." Thesis, Keele University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235182.
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28
Armstrong, Bradley J. "Rebuilding Afghanistan : counterinsurgency and reconstruction in Operation Enduring Freedom." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FArmstrong.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Hy S. Rothstein, Kalev K. Sepp. Includes bibliographical references (p. 162-175). Also available online.
29
Inaka, Saint José Camille Koto Mondoko. "Post-war Labour Market Reconstruction : The Case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78038.
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The Democratic Republic of Congo experienced a merciless war from 1998 to 2002 that seriously affected its labour market, as it did all other aspects of society. The effects on the labour market have aroused various debates. This thesis offers a first analysis of the reconstruction process of the labour market in post-war Congo, and of the roles that key actors involved played in it. It asks the following fundamental question: what are the processes involved in the reconstruction of the post-war Congolese labour market, and how did the main actors affect these processes?
The research used a constructivist methodological approach and the extended case method to collect detailed data through field interviews conducted with 109 people in Kinshasa. The data suggest that the past of the Congolese labour market is clearly visible in its post-war recovery processes (2003–2018). While the past weighed heavily on the present, from 2003 to 2011 the Congolese government nevertheless delayed the implementation of reform policies aimed at achieving a functioning labour market. Reforms introduced since then have been blunted by poor implementation processes. Moreover, the inherent weakness of Congo’s labour market institutions deepened the lack of impact of the reconstruction attempts. Likewise, the private sector did not contribute substantially to efforts at creating an effective labour market. Entering this landscape, many Congolese employees struggled to achieve integration into the formal labour market. The main argument of this thesis is that the post-war Congolese labour market has experienced an extended reconstruction due to delayed and poorly implemented labour market policies. On a more positive note, this study demonstrates the usefulness of Peck’s theory of labour market social regulation as an efficient theoretical tool in evaluating a problematic transition such as that experienced in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Thesis (PhD (Sociology))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
the Andrew J. Mellon Foundation
The University of Pretoria, the Faculty of Humanities
Sociology
PhD (Sociology)
Unrestricted
30
Hasic, Tigran. "Reconstruction planning in post-conflict zones : Bosnia and Herzegovinia and the International Community /." Stockhlm, Sweden : Royal Institute of Technology, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0710/2005530592.html.
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Mbulle-Nziege, Leonard. "Post -war recovery and development in Liberia since 2013." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12361.
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The aims and objectives of this study are notably, to provide an overall understanding of the history of Liberia, from the country’s foundation, through the civil war, up to the present day post-conflict scenario. It intends to identify the strategies and schemes put in place by Liberian officials and other stakeholders, while outlining the importance of attaining the goals attached to these various plans. The difficulties of achieving these post-conflict development goals will also be noted, and finally, It analyses whether the concepts used in Liberia might also be implemented in post-conflict societies not only in Africa, but all over the world.
32
Kelley, Ariel Leticia. "Fire Eater in the Borderlands: The Political Life of Guy Morrison Bryan, 1847-1891." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707409/.
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From 1847 to 1891, Guy Morrison Bryan was a prominent Texas politician who influenced many of the policies and events that shaped the state. Raised in his Uncle Stephen F. Austin's shadow, he was a Texas nationalist who felt responsible for promoting the interests of his state, its earliest settlers, and his family. During his nineteen years in the Texas Legislature and two years in the United States House of Representatives, he safeguarded land grants, supported internal improvements and education, and challenged northern hostility towards slavery. Convinced that abolitionists would stop at nothing to destroy the institution and Texas, he led his state's walkout of the National Democratic Convention in 1860 and became a leading proponet of secession. During the Civil War, he served as a staff officer, and his ability to mediate conflicts between local and national leaders propped up the isolated Confederate Trans-Mississippi Department. Finally as Speaker of the House, he helped oust Governor Edmund J. Davis in 1874 and "redeem" the state from Republican rule before convincing President Rutherford B. Hayes to adopt a conciliatory policy towards Texas and the South. Despite the tremendous influence Bryan wielded, scholars have largely ignored his contributions. This dissertation establishes his significance, uses his willingness to transfer national allegiances to consider nationalism--whether Texan, American, or Confederate--in the United States-Mexico Borderlands, and sheds light on neglected subjects like the role of staff officers in the Civil War.
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Tag-Eldeen, Yasmin. "Hezbollah as a Reconstruction Leader : Participatory Planning in the Rebuilding of Haret Hreik, Lebanon, Post-War 2006." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-428877.
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Tag-Eldeen, Y. 2020. Hezbollah as a Reconstruction Leader: Participatory Planning in the Rebuilding of Haret Hreik, Post-War 2006. Kulturgeografiska institutionen, Uppsatser, Uppsala universitet. This paper assesses the politicized nature of reconstruction efforts in the aftermath of the Israeli-Lebanese July War of 2006. It illustrates the factors driving the polarized nature of Lebanese politics, as well as the reasons for which a faith-based non-governmental organization such as Hezbollah was able to take the leading role in the reconstruction of Haret Hreik, a southern suburb of Beirut. Through a literature review, the study will demonstrate that the power struggle to lead post-war reconstruction can be seen as a reflection of Lebanon’s internal political and religious divisions, often along sectarian lines, as well as a lack of democratic accountability and the retreat of the state. Finally, in examining the implications for participatory planning when faith-based, non-state actors serve as reconstruction leaders in a politicized post-war context, the study contributes to the literature on citizen participation, power in urban planning and non-state actors within neoliberal urban governance. Keywords: participatory planning, Project Wa’d, neoliberalism, Hezbollah, post-war reconstruction
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Page, Alexander Robert. "Resurrecting the democracy : the Democratic party during the Civil War and Reconstruction, 1860-1884." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/70466/.
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This thesis places the Democratic party at the centre of the Reconstruction narrative and investigates the transformation of the antebellum Democracy into its postbellum form. In doing so, it addresses the relative scarcity of scholarship on the postwar Democrats, and provides an original contribution to knowledge by (a) explaining how the party survived the Civil War and (b) providing a comprehensive analysis of an extended process of internal conflict over the Democracy's future. This research concludes that while the Civil War caused a crisis in partisanship that lasted until the mid-1870s, it was Democrats' underlying devotion to their party, and flexibility over party principle that allowed the Democracy to survive and reestablish itself as a strong national party. Rather than extensively investigating state-level or grassroots politics, this thesis focuses on the party's national leadership. It finds that public memories of the party's wartime course constituted the most significant barrier to rebuilding the Democratic national coalition. Following an overview of the fractures exposed by civil war, the extent of these splits is assessed through an investigation of sectional reconciliation during Presidential and Radical Reconstruction. The analysis then shifts to explore competing visions of the party's future during the late 1860s and early 1870s when public confidence in the Democracy hit its lowest point. While the early years of Reconstruction opened the party to the possibility of disintegration, by the mid-1870s Democrats had begun to adopt a stronger national party organisation. Through a coherent national strategy that turned national politics away from issues of race and loyalty and towards those of economic development and political reform, while simultaneously appealing to the party's history, national Democratic leaders restored public confidence in the Democracy, silenced advocates of the creation of a new national party, and propelled the party back to power in 1884.
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Munnoz-Rojas, Oscarsson Olivia. "Wartime destruction and post-war urban reconstruction : case studies of Barcelona, Bilbao and Madrid in the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2535/.
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There are few investigations that consider both the practical and symbolic dimensions of wartime destruction and post-war reconstruction of cities, and almost none that do so for the particular case of the Spanish Civil War and Franco's dictatorship. This thesis examines the wartime destruction and post-war rebuilding of three prominent sites in Barcelona, Bilbao and Madrid during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the first two decades of the Franco regime (1939-1959) from an interdisciplinary perspective at the intersection of history, social and political theory, urban planning, and architecture. The thesis is based on extensive archival material, and includes primary textual sources (military reports, administrative documentation, and official publications), secondary textual sources (press material, political, academic and technical literature, and fiction), and primary visual sources (maps, plans, architectural drawings, and aerial photographs of the sites). The thesis introduces the selected sites as exemplary of three propositions on the relationship between history, political discourse, and the built environment during and in the aftermath of conflict and violent regime change. While Barcelona's Avinguda de la Catedral demonstrates that wartime destruction can act as a catalyst for urban redevelopment, Bilbao's bridges exemplify the way that postwar reconstruction can be used to mark a change of political regime, and the ruins of Madrid's Cuartel de la Montana reveal how post-war regimes tend to design ambitious reconstruction plans, which they are not necessarily able to implement. By considering the historical, military, political-administrative, and aesthetic aspects of the destruction and rebuilding of these sites, the thesis proposes an interdisciplinary approach to the study of urban destruction and reconstruction.
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Sims-Alvarado, Falechiondro Karcheik. "The African-American Emigration Movement in Georgia during Reconstruction." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_diss/29.
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This dissertation is a narrative history about nearly 800 newly freed black Georgians who sought freedom beyond the borders of the Unites States by emigrating to Liberia during the years of 1866 and 1868. This work fulfills three overarching goals. First, I demonstrate that during the wake of Reconstruction, newly freed persons’ interest in returning to Africa did not die with the Civil War. Second, I identify and analyze the motivations of blacks seeking autonomy in Africa. Third, I tell the stories and challenges of those black Georgians who chose emigration as the means to civil and political freedom in the face of white opposition. In understanding the motives of black Georgians who emigrated to Liberia, I analyze correspondence from black and white Georgians and the white leaders of the American Colonization Society and letters from Liberia settlers to black friends and families in the Unites States. These letters can be found within the American Colonization Society Papers correspondence files and some letters reprinted in the ACS’s monthly periodical, the African Repository.
To date, no single work has been published on the historical significance of black Georgians who emigrated to Liberia during Reconstruction. What my research uncovers is that that 31 percent of the 3,184 passengers transported to West Africa by the American Colonization Society from 1865 to 1877 were Georgians, thereby making Georgia, the leading states to produce the highest numbers of blacks to resettle in Liberia and the logical focal point for the African-American emigration movement during Reconstruction.
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Haggerty, Michael. "A NECESSARY CRUELTY: VIOLENCE AND DISCIPLINE IN NORTH CAROLINA’S POST-CIVIL WAR PRISONS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1406223803.
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Kassouha, Sana [Verfasser], and Wolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Reuter. "Transferring experiences of post-war West Germany in social housing to reconstruction strategies after the war in Syria / Sana Kassouha ; Betreuer: Wolf Reuter." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207836885/34.
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Goodman, Phil. "Patriotic femininity : the impact of women's war-time experiences on the reconstruction of female identity." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307594.
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The Second World War was a period which witnessed struggles for the definition of appropriate feminine identities and behaviour as much as it placed demands on men and their masculinities. Women's own narratives, as one form of discourse, are central to this thesis because they show how women made sense of their lives within the context of materiality and ideology embedded in lived relations. This is contrasted with other discourses through which their lives were also constructed. The exploration considers women's participation in the work force, the services and on the homefront. By focusing on the processes and practices through which discourses were constructed this thesis challenges some of the myths surrounding women's contribution to the war effort and the effects this had on their lives. It prioritises the analysis of gender relations over the analysis of patriarchy, and critically deconstructs the usefulness of constructs of the 'public' and the 'private' when the gendered fluidity of space and time is made a focus of attention. The constructs 'Patriotic Femininity' and 'for the duration', ideal types in the Weberian sense, have been utilised as heuristic devices to explore the disjunctions between gender ideology, the spatial dislocations that accompanied the war and how they were reconciled. Feminist research methodologies provide important strategies for the grounding of knowledge in women's lives; women's history needs to be connected to main/male stream history; it was a woman's war too. Grounding theory in accounts of lived experiences enables an understanding of women's lives, constructing knowledge that writes women back into his-tory - 'herstories' . The way history has been constructed the heroic myths of the Second World War are male, thus there is a need for other kinds of critical knowledge to be produced to provide an understanding of women's lives and another, feminine kind of heroism. As the research shows, women negotiated their lives through a fractured gender time and space.
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Du, Rand Amelia Elizabeth. "From war economies to peace economies : the challenge of post-conflict reconstruction in Sierra Leone." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28089.
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The difficulty of transforming war economies into peace economies has become increasingly problematic in the search for long-term peace and stability in Africa. In many African countries such as Sierra Leone, Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, conflict actors have created distinct war economies in order to maintain the conflict in these countries. The enduring nature of the war economies presents a unique challenge to actors involved in ensuring that peace returns to a country by applying a peacebuilding strategy. The economic environment during a conflict has a vast influence on a post-conflict economy and a post-conflict reconstruction strategy. Although post-war rebuilding occurred during the reconstruction of Europe and Japan after the Second World War, the terms "post-conflict peacebuilding" and "post-conflict reconstruction" have only came to prominence during the mid-1990s. Using the case study of Sierra Leone, this study explores the challenge of war economies and its impact on post-conflict reconstruction. Sierra Leone presents an appealing case study as the country experienced a very profitable war economy during the armed conflict in the country between 1991 and 2002, and continues to struggle to transform this war economy into a peace economy. The case study of Sierra Leone is well researched, however, most studies focus on the conflict period, and only briefly look at the post-conflict period. In addition, discussions of post-conflict reconstruction in Sierra Leone have failed to adequately address the challenges presented by the war economy. This study uses existing analyses about the war economy in Sierra Leone, and links these to the current post-conflict reconstruction strategy, focusing specifically on the economic dimension. Therefore, this study represents a departure from traditional approaches to exploring war economies because it considers the direct impact these economic systems have on the process of post-conflict reconstruction.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Political Sciences
unrestricted
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Benbih, Karima. "Framing the Edge of Time: Disaster Architecture and Change." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82500.
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In this dissertation, I conduct a reflection on the effects of disaster on time perceptions and their consequences on architecture as a vessel of social and individual values, through a study of two major paradigmatic disasters spaces – Post World War II Japan and Post-earthquake Haiti. While on the surface these two cases do not have many points in common, both are instrumental to establishing the manifestation of disasters' impacts on the culture of construction and on the architectural theories that ensue from them. The first case, Japan after the Second World War, establishes the long term influences and changes in social and architectural thought that occur after a disaster, while Haiti, examines the role of the architect in the reconstruction phases and attempts to register the immediate impressions of local architects on the disaster's impact on their practice.
I show that both cases exhibit manifestations of the importance of the architect's role of not only building back, but moving forward while capitalizing on the events and social changes that happened.Ph. D.
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El-Masri, Souheil Daoud. "Reconstruction after disaster : a study of war-damaged villages in Lebanon : the case of Al-Burjain." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/318.
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This research focuses on the reconstruction of war-damaged villages in Lebanon destroyed during the recent civil war (1975-1991). Its main aim is to understand the complexity of reconstruction through a detailed case study of one village namely; al-Burjain. In contrast to top down approaches to reconstruction, this study presents an approach which extends beyond looking at physical aspects to socio-economic, cultural and political issues. It also attempts to gain insights into the conditions of the community prior to disaster, as well as the new situation which emerged after the destruction of the village. It develops an understanding of the conditions of the people, and their needs and perceptions about reconstruction. The research takes a qualitative approach because of its flexibility and appropriateness to the inquiry and practical conditions in the field. It is based on dynamic and interactive discussions with the community under study. Three methods are employed: discussion with key figures, detailed family case histories and a survey using semi-structured interviews of households. They reflect different degrees of focus on complexity of reconstruction and the conditions of the people. The village case study (micro) is discussed and evaluated in three contexts (macro). Firstly, it deals with the context of reconstruction after disaster in theoretical and conceptual terms and with reference to practical experiences (Algeria and Iran). Secondly, it is located within the conditions of the country in which there are increased channels of contacts and communications between rural and urban areas. Thirdly, it discusses the development of rural areas in Lebanon from traditional times to the beginning of the war in order to draw lessons and to identify problems, possibilities and obstacles which could be helpful in planning for meaningful reconstruction. The findings of the research cover two main part. The first part establishes principles and recommendations for the reconstruction of the vifiage studied. In this sense, it translates the insights gained into practical solutions. It proposes a way of capitalising on people's initiatives, maximizing the use of available resources, to solve existing problems and improve conditions. It is a developmental process. The second part draws an analytical framework which can be used to study similar cases. This framework is a generalised basis upon which the issues related to the complexity of post-disaster reconstruction can be examined and dealt with. Finally, this research formulates theoretical perspectives which will inform professional intervention and decision making in reconstruction after disaster.
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Kamara, Abdul Rahman. "From model conflict resolution to post-war reconstruction in failed states: The case of Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4459.
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The purpose of this study is to understand the causes of the Sierra Leonean conflict and to analyse the reconstruction programmes that followed it. Post-war reconstruction programmes must not be limited to the re-joining of families or reintegration of communities. It must also go a long way in providing an improved situation for all those affected by the war. Notably, where post-war reconstruction programmes fail to focus on the original causes of the conflict, it may result in reinforcement of the original social structures and prejudices and in continued marginalisation of certain groups. Using post-conflict Sierra Leone as a case study, the study attempts to examine the notion that ¿post-war reconstruction programmes tend to reinforce earlier social structures and prejudices rather than create opportunities for the previously marginalised¿. The work focuses on the role of the Department for International Development (DfID)-funded Community Reintegration Programme (CRP). Considering the Sierra Leone post-war scenarios, the causes and political resolution of the conflict and the situation in 2001 when the conflict officially came to an end, the thesis reviews the philosophy, planning, policies, practices and activities of donor agencies in general and CRP in particular before assessing impact on the process of rebuilding communities in Sierra Leone.
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Kent, Gregory. "Diaspora Power: network contributions to peacebuilding and the transformation of war economies." University of Bradford, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4180.
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yesHow economies of countries at war (war economies) transform in `peace¿ is a critical new area of research in political economy and war and peace studies. The dynamics that affect the way war economies perpetuate or mutate after a peace agreement is signed is the context for this examination of non-state actor roles ¿ normally attention is on state and international organisations ¿ in the problems of peacebuilding. Here the focus is on diaspora networks, what might be described as national or transnational civil society groupings whose role is autonomous but carried considerable potential to assist reconstruction of the war-torn homeland.
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Roubini, Sonia. "Education, Citizenship, Political Participation: Defining Variables for Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Bosnia-Herzegovina." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1345736678.
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Johansen, Grace, and w. johansen@cqu edu au. "WOMEN IN CENTRAL QUEENSLAND: A STUDY OF THREE COASTAL CENTRES 1940-1965." Central Queensland University. Communications, 2002. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20060921.120038.
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While in agreement with the perceived wisdom that events during World War
Two were responsible for many social changes for women in Australia, the thesis
disagrees with the implication in existent Queensland womens historiography that
these changes affected women equally in all parts of the State. Research
undertaken in Central Queensland provides evidence that, although some
similarities existed, the conservative forces in this region restricted the liberating
effect of such changes. It also addresses the subject of Queensland difference, and
argues that the rural patriarchal economy sustained the notion of rigid gender and
class differences in Central Queensland. It maintains that this affected women in
regional Queensland to a far greater extent than those in the Brisbane
metropolitan area because of the lack of secondary wartime industry and the
masculine nature of rural industry. Additionally , in opposition to the widely held
belief there was universal post-war financial security the thesis argues that poverty
did exist. In particular it addresses the subjects of rising inflation and what has
been termed the Social Security Poverty Group, basing conclusions on statistical
evidence, oral evidence, and secondary and documentary sources.
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Badescu, Gruia. "Architecture, 'coming to terms with the past' and the 'world in common' : post-war urban reconstruction in Belgrade and Sarajevo." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284391.
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This dissertation discusses the rebuilding of cities after war in the context of the changing character of warfare and the increased expectations for societies to deal with difficult pasts. Departing from studies that approach post-war reconstruction focusing on the functional dimension of infrastructural repair and housing relief or on debates about architectural form, this dissertation examines reconstruction through the lens of the process of 'coming to terms with the past'. It explores how understandings of victimhood and responsibility influence the rebuilding of urban space. Conversely, it argues that cities and architecture, through the meanings ascribed to them by various actors, play an important role in dealing with the past. Building on the moral philosophy of Theodor Adorno and Hannah Arendt, it discusses the potential of reconstruction for societies to work through the past, then it engages with frictions highlighted by three situations of rebuilding after different types of war. First, it examines the rebuilding of Belgrade as the capital of socialist Yugoslavia after the aerial bombings typical of the Second World War. Second, it analyses reconstruction debates in the same city after the 1999 NATO bombings, a high-tech operation, framed by NATO as a preventative, humanitarian intervention against a 'perpetrator' state. Third, it discusses rebuilding processes in Sarajevo, where destruction was inflicted between 1992 and 1995 by actors internal to the country, albeit with international ramifications, exemplary of Mary Kaldor's 'new wars'. Based on thirteen months of fieldwork conducted in Belgrade and Sarajevo between 2012 and 2015, it analyses intentions and consequences of reconstruction acts. It suggests the potential and the challenges of a reflective reconstruction, which engages critically with the past, and of a syncretic place-making reconstruction, which focuses on place and its agonistic promise. Its main contribution is to highlight the essential relationship between reconstruction and coming to terms with the past, arguing for an understanding of reconstruction with regards to conflict itself.
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Ploetz, Michael. "Troy besieged : Marxism-Leninism in the Second Cold War (1978-1985) - a reconstruction from East German sources." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287579.
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Beall, Jonathan Andrew. ""Won't we never get out of this state?": western soldiers in post-civil war Texas, 1865-1866." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1498.
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After the Civil War, the government needed to send an occupation force into
Texas to help rebuild the state government and confront the French Imperialist forces
that had invaded Mexico. Unfortunately, the government was required to use volunteers
because the Regular Army was not yet prepared to handle such a mission. Using citizen
soldiers for peacetime occupation was a break from past military tradition, and the men
did not appreciate such an act.
Historians of Reconstruction Texas have focused on state politics, the rampant
violence in the state throughout this period, and the role of freedmen in situating
themselves to an uncertain and hostile society. Studies of the military in post-Civil War
Texas have examined the armys role in the states political reconstruction, but largely
ignore the soldiers. Additionally, these works tend to over-generalize the experience and
relations of the troops and Texans.
This thesis looks at Western citizen soldiers, comprising the Fourth and
Thirteenth Army Corps as well as two cavalry divisions, stationed in Texas after the war
from the Rio Grande to San Antonio to Marshall. Beginning with the units receiving
official orders to proceed to Texas after the surrender of the principal Confederate forces
in 1865, it follows the movements from wartime positions in Tennessee and Alabama to
peacetime posts within Texas. The study examines Texan-soldier relations as they
differed from place to place. It also investigates the Westerners peacetime occupation
duties and the conditions endured in Texas. The thesis argues that there was diversity in
both the Western volunteers experiences and relations with occupied Texans, and it was
not as monolithic as past historians have suggested. Specifically, this study endeavors to
supplement the existing historiography of the army in Texas during Reconstruction.
Broadly, this thesis also hopes to be a more general look at the use of citizen soldiers for
postwar occupation duty.
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Maiershofer, Erik Christian. "The city restored : memory, civic identity, and reconstruction in Augsburg, 1944-1955 /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3144339.
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