Journal articles on the topic 'War service recognition'
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1
Gartshore, Heather. "Called to Serve, Shunned as Citizens: How the Australian Women’s Land Army Was Recruited and Abandoned by the Labor Government." Labour History: Volume 117, Issue 1 117, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2019.21.
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The establishment and contribution of the Australian Women’s Land Army (AWLA) during World War II was welcomed by farmers. At that time prime ministers and premiers, along with a range of politicians, labelled their work as a vital war service, applauding their efforts as enabling Australia’s victory. However, in 1945, and following the war, key political leaders turned their back on this appreciation, denying the AWLA access to post-war benefits and services. This paper documents the reasons for the work of the AWLA from 1942 to 1945 and traces how the Labor Government in 1945 dismissed their contribution. It argues that to a large extent, this responsibility for denying the women the recognition and benefits that had been promised was a betrayal of the women they had called in to service.
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Kane, Naomi S., Nicole Anastasides, David R. Litke, Drew A. Helmer, Stephen C. Hunt, Karen S. Quigley, Wilfred R. Pigeon, and Lisa M. McAndrew. "Under-recognition of medically unexplained symptom conditions among US Veterans with Gulf War Illness." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): e0259341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259341.
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Objective Conditions defined by persistent “medically unexplained” physical symptoms and syndromes (MUS) are common and disabling. Veterans from the Gulf War (deployed 1990–1991) have notably high prevalence and disability from MUS conditions. Individuals with MUS report that providers do not recognize their MUS conditions. Our goal was to determine if Veterans with MUS receive an ICD-10 diagnosis for a MUS condition or receive disability benefits available to them for these conditions. Methods A chart review was conducted with US Veterans who met case criteria for Gulf War Illness, a complex MUS condition (N = 204, M = 53 years-old, SD = 7). Three coders independently reviewed Veteran’s medical records for MUS condition diagnosis or service-connection along with comorbid mental and physical health conditions. Service-connection refers to US Veterans Affairs disability benefits eligibility for conditions or injuries experienced during or exacerbated by military service. Results Twenty-nine percent had a diagnosis of a MUS condition in their medical record, the most common were irritable colon/irritable bowel syndrome (16%) and fibromyalgia (11%). Slightly more Veterans were service-connected for a MUS condition (38%) as compared to diagnosed. There were high rates of diagnoses and service-connection for mental health (diagnoses 76% and service-connection 74%), musculoskeletal (diagnoses 86%, service-connection 79%), and illness-related conditions (diagnoses 98%, service-connection 49%). Conclusion Given that all participants were Gulf War Veterans who met criteria for a MUS condition, our results suggest that MUS conditions in Gulf War Veterans are under-recognized with regard to clinical diagnosis and service-connected disability. Veterans were more likely to be diagnosed and service-connected for musculoskeletal-related and mental health conditions than MUS conditions. Providers may need education and training to facilitate diagnosis of and service-connection for MUS conditions. We believe that greater acknowledgement and validation of MUS conditions would increase patient engagement with healthcare as well as provider and patient satisfaction with care.
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Woodman, Richard. "A medal for the Arctic?" Polar Record 43, no. 3 (July 2007): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407006377.
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Ever since the end of the Second World War men who served on ships, both naval and merchant, which were involved in the transport of war materials to north Russia between 1941 and 1945 have sought recognition for their service with an appropriate campaign medal. They have failed to achieve this through a complicated muddle of government policy, ignorance and cold-heartedness.
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ALDRICH, RICHARD J. "Britain's Secret Intelligence Service in Asia During the Second World War." Modern Asian Studies 32, no. 1 (February 1998): 179–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x9800290x.
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The past twenty years have seen the rapid growth of a new branch of international history, the serious academic study of secret services or ‘intelligence history’ with its attendant specialist conferences and journals. Two main causes for this development can be identified. The first was conceptual, namely the increasing recognition that the study of international history was greatly impoverished by the reluctance of academic historians to address a subject which appeared capable of shedding considerable light upon the conduct of international affairs. Two leading historians underlined this during 1982 in a path-breaking collection of essays on the subject, suggesting that intelligence was the ‘missing dimension’ of most international history. The second development was a more practical one, the introduction of the Thirty Year Rule during the 1970s, bringing with it an avalanche of new documentation, which, within a few years, was recognized as containing a great deal of intelligence material. In the 1980s historians had begun to turn their attention in increasing numbers to the intelligence history of the mid-twentieth century. They were further assisted in their endeavours by the appearance of the first volumes of the official history of British Intelligence in the Second World War.
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Schoefert, Anna Kathryn. "Neither Physicians Nor Surgeons: Whither Neuropathological Skill in Post-war England?" Medical History 59, no. 3 (June 19, 2015): 404–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2015.27.
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Neuropathologists constituted a small field in post-war England, perched between neurology, psychiatry, neurosurgery and pathology, but recognised as a discrete field of expertise. Despite this recognition, the success of the neighbouring fields of neurosurgery, psychosurgery and neurobiology, and the consultant status granted to pathologists in the National Health Service, neuropathologists struggled to stabilise their field. A discourse of skills, acquired and acquirable, became central to their attempts to situate the field in relation to surgeons’ handicraft, physicians’ diagnostic acumen and the technologies of the biological sciences.
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Pursell, Carroll. "Engineering Organization and the Scientist in World War I: The Search for National Service and Recognition." Prometheus 24, no. 3 (September 2006): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08109020600877683.
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Campbell, Lara. "“We who have wallowed in the mud of Flanders”: First World War Veterans, Unemployment and the Development of Social Welfare in Canada, 1929-1939." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 11, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031134ar.
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Abstract During the Great Depression, First World War veterans built on a history of post-war political activism to play an important role in the expansion of state-sponsored social welfare. Arguing that their wartime sacrifices had not been properly rewarded, veterans claimed that they were entitled to state protection from poverty and unemployment on the home front. The rhetoric of patriotism, courage, sacrifice, and duty created powerful demands for jobs, relief, and adequate pensions that should, veterans argued, be administered as a right of social citizenship and not a form of charity. At the local, provincial, and national political levels, veterans fought for compensation and recognition for their war service, and made their demands for jobs and social security a central part of emerging social policy.
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Alderman, Chris. "Building A Living Memorial for Veterans." Senior Care Pharmacist 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2021.1.
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Veterans have served their nations and their people, and though some might argue that monuments and ceremonials may serve the glorification of war, it is important to separate political philosophies from the actions of those whose work allows national security decisions to be enacted. What is indisputable is that, along with respect, recognition, and acknowledgement of the service of Veterans, we owe a debt of gratitude that must translate into action.
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Alderman, Chris. "Building A Living Memorial for Veterans." Senior Care Pharmacist 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2021.1.
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Veterans have served their nations and their people, and though some might argue that monuments and ceremonials may serve the glorification of war, it is important to separate political philosophies from the actions of those whose work allows national security decisions to be enacted. What is indisputable is that, along with respect, recognition, and acknowledgement of the service of Veterans, we owe a debt of gratitude that must translate into action.
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Becker, Joana Proença, and Manuel João Quartilho. "Colonial War: When the Years Rekindle the Suffering—A Pilot Study." Reports 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reports4020010.
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For more than 150 years, traumatic stress has been a recurrent topic of medical and psychological studies, in which war-related experiences remain to be addressed. Although veterans have been considered a high-risk group for the development of stress-related diseases, the impact of aging on the trauma process is an unexplored field. This study aimed to analyze the aging-related factors that may influence the emergence of traumatic stress symptoms in war veterans. The clinical data of 29 Colonial War Portuguese veterans were verified in order to identify the main diagnoses, and the frequency of health service use. Through thematic analysis of the transcripts of 10 interviews with veterans diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the main symptoms and factors that led them to mental health services were identified. In addition, a literature review on mental health and psychological trauma was conducted to provide an overview of the knowledge on this topic. Aging seems to be an opportunity to face conflicts which have been kept hidden throughout veterans’ lives. Social stigmatization and the non-recognition of traumatic stress as a disease influenced the Portuguese veterans’ silence, which could be broken with the aging process. Retirement, physical illness, death of close friends or family members, and loss of autonomy may contribute to the onset of trauma-related symptoms.
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Glaurdić, Josip. "Inside the Serbian War Machine." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 23, no. 1 (February 2009): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325408326788.
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This article examines the arguably most interesting pieces of evidence used during the trial of Slobodan Milošević at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia—more than two hundred recordings of intercepted conversations that took place in 1991 and 1992 between Milošević, Radovan Karadžić, Dobrica Ćosić, and various other protagonists on the Serbian side of the wars in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Analysis of the intercepts presented in this article makes several important contributions to the interpretation of events in former Yugoslavia during that period. First, it identifies the ideological foundations of Milošević-led Serbian war campaigns in the political influence of Dobrica Ćosić and his platform of “unification of Serbs.” Second, it contributes to the vigorous debate regarding the possible deal between Milošević and the Croatian president Franjo Tuđman for the division of BiH. It confirms that negotiations took place, but that Milošević and his associates had no intention of respecting any agreement and wanted the whole of BiH until at least late 1991. Third, it provides indications that Milošević held the position of the de facto commander-in-chief in the operations of the Yugoslav People's Army in Croatia and BiH. And fourth, it establishes that the two institutions of force Milošević had direct legal control over—Serbia's State Security Service and Ministry of Interior—were his principal means of control over Croatian and Bosnian Serbs and instruments in the aggression against BiH even after its international recognition.
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Feldman, Ilana. "Everyday Government in Extraordinary Times: Persistence and Authority in Gaza's Civil Service, 1917–1967." Comparative Studies in Society and History 47, no. 4 (September 8, 2005): 863–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417505000381.
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In September 1964 עAli Taleb, an employee in the Agricultural Directorate in Gaza, petitioned the civil service administration for what he claimed was a long overdue promotion. On the face of it, there is nothing particularly surprising about such a petition—עAli was certainly not the first employee to feel he deserved more recognition for his work. What makes his petition peculiar were the circumstances which generated it. The Gaza Strip, the territory in whose civil service עAli was employed, came into existence in 1948 as a result of the war over the establishment of Israel. Before 1948, Gaza was a district of Palestine, governed like the rest of the country as a mandate granted to the British government by the League of Nations. When the 1948 war ended in defeat for the Arab forces, the Egyptian army occupied the Gaza area, which it administered for the next twenty years. עAli was hired in 1937 by the Mandate government—and under its rules of promotion—but it was the Egyptian Administration (henceforth “Administration”) which he expected to fulfill the obligations of this system. “I was nominated to be promoted to Grade 3 under the previous Mandate government,” עAli explained, noting that, “before my turn arrived the Mandate ended and the Arab Administration came to the Strip.”
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Brewin, Chris R., Bernice Andrews, and Jennie Hejdenberg. "Recognition and treatment of psychological disorders during military service in the UK armed forces: a study of war pensioners." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 47, no. 12 (April 11, 2012): 1891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0505-x.
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Ambrose, Linda M. "On the Edge of War and Society: Canadian Pentecostal Bible School Students in the 1940s." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 24, no. 1 (May 12, 2014): 215–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025001ar.
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During World War II the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada put forth arguments on behalf of bible college students concerning military service exemptions, chaplaincy appointments, and veterans’ benefits. The paper deals specifically with the Rev. J.E. Purdie, Principal of the Western Bible College in Winnipeg, his efforts on behalf of his students, and one particularly complex case where attempts were made to have the student exempted from serving, and failing that, to have him appointed as a military chaplain. After the young man’s premature release from service, Purdie argued that he should be entitled to veteran’s benefits to pay for his bible college training. What initially appeared as a bid to protect the individual rights of one young conscript was in fact part of a much larger effort as Pentecostals asserted their right (and by extension the right of other marginal religious groups) to be included in the broader liberal framework in Canada. This case study is significant because it addresses themes of public religion, specifically how Pentecostals challenged the ‘liberal order framework,’ by attempting to carve out recognition for themselves among the religious groups that were acknowledged as legitimate players in Canada’s public affairs.
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Struthers, James. "“They suffered with us and should be compensated”: Entitling Caregivers of Canada's Veterans." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 26, S1 (2007): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cja.26.suppl_1.117.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines the struggle to win lifetime eligibility for selected home care benefits provided through the Veterans Independence Program (VIP) for veterans' widows in recognition of their years of unpaid caregiving – a policy change eventually implemented between 2003 and 2004. It explores how arguments on their behalf shifted from discourses of dependency, cost-saving, and compassion to ones of entitlement and commemoration between 1981 and 2004 as the large cohort of Second World War veterans and their wives moved towards the end of their lives. This policy victory for veterans' widows marked a historic shift in mandate for Veterans Affairs Canada and an important recognition by the state of unpaid caregiving as a form of national service. If Canadians are to learn from this example, however, it must be through seeing all caregiving labour – not just that of veterans' wives – as equally heroic and worthy of compensation.
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Carey, Michael E. "Major Harvey Cushing's difficulties with the British and American armies during World War I." Journal of Neurosurgery 121, no. 2 (August 2014): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.5.jns122285.
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This historical review explores Harvey Cushing's difficulties with both the British and American armies during his World War I service to definitively examine the rumor of his possible court martial. It also provides a further understanding of Cushing the man. While in France during World War I, Cushing was initially assigned to British hospital units. This service began in May 1917 and ended abruptly in May 1918 when the British cashiered him for repeated censorship violations. Returning to American command, he feared court martial. The army file on this matter (retrieved from the United States National Archives) indicates that US Army authorities recommended that Cushing be reprimanded and returned to the US for his violations. The army carried out neither recommendation, and no evidence exists that a court martial was considered. Cushing's army career and possible future academic life were protected by the actions of his surgical peers and Merritte Ireland, Chief Surgeon of the US Army in France. After this censorship episode, Cushing was made a neurosurgical consultant but was also sternly warned that further rule violations would not be tolerated by the US Army. Thereafter, despite the onset of a severe peripheral neuropathy, probably Guillian Barré's syndrome, Cushing was indefatigable in ministering to neurosurgical needs in the US sector in France. Cushing's repeated defying of censorship regulations reveals poor judgment plus an initial inability to be a “team player.” The explanations he offered for his censorship violations showed an ability to bend the truth. Cushing's war journal is unclear as to exactly what transpired between him and the British and US armies. It also shows no recognition of the help he received from others who were instrumental in preventing his ignominious removal from service in France. Had that happened, his academic future and ability to train future neurosurgical leaders may have been seriously threatened. Cushing's foibles notwithstanding, all realized that he contributed greatly to both British and US war neurosurgery. United States Army surgeons who operated upon brain wounds in France recognized Cushing as their leader.
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Liu, Haonan. "Research on the Relationship between Service Quality of Scenic Spots, Tourism Experience and Behavior Intention: Based on Taierzhuang Ancient City." Scientific and Social Research 3, no. 5 (November 3, 2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ssr.v3i5.1194.
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As an important carrier and symbol of cultural memory, the ancient city is not only an important place to construct and inherit historical culture, but also the most important cultural tourism destination today. The ancient city of Taierzhuang, known as the “No. 1 Village in the World,” is a famous 5A tourist attraction in China. It combines “canal culture” and “war culture” and has a strong international recognition. This study uses tourists in the historic city of Taierzhuang as the research object, and examines the link between the scenic spot’s service quality, tourists’ tourism experience, and tourists’ behavioral intention. The findings reveal that the scenic site service quality has a significant positive impact on tourist experience and behavioral intention, and that tourist experience has a significant positive impact on tourist behavioral intention. This study proposes various development ideas based on the research findings in order to increase the core competitiveness of the Taierzhuang ancient city scenic spot.
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Kusch, Wolfgang, Reinhold Zöllner, and Frank-Ulrich Dentler. "Georg von Neumayer: his influence on marine meteorology in the German Meteorological Service." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 123, no. 1 (2011): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs11027.
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Georg von Neumayer achieved outstanding scientific results and created the organisational framework for the successful completion of scientific tasks. Returning from Australia, Neumayer aimed to set up in Germany a state-owned centre for marine meteorology, hydrography, navigation, marine instruments and geomagnetism, with an emphasis on scientific research with practical application of the findings. Since 1868, a successfully operating private institute, Norddeutsche Seewarte, had existed in Hamburg. This institute provided instructions for sailing routes and the optimal use of favourable winds and currents. In 1875, the institute was transformed into an imperial institution, the ‘Deutsche Seewarte’ (German Marine Observatory), with a broad spectrum of marine responsibilities including meteorological forecasts and warnings, data acquisition and management, and climatology. Its first director was Georg von Neumayer, who led it to worldwide recognition. In 1903, he retired but the Deutsche Seewarte continued in his spirit. At the end of World War II, the institute was destroyed by bombs and ceased to exist. Today, the tasks are shared between Marine Meteorological Office of the Deutscher Wetterdienst specialising in the marine meteorological and related topics and the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency.
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Semenov, Sergey. "Between the Rear and the Front. Smolensk Railway Workers, Home Front Workers of the Great Patriotic War." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 4 (56) (January 26, 2022): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2021-56-4-216-231.
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he present article is devoted to Smolensk railwaymen’s career ladder in the 1941–1945s, their involvement in the evacuation, partisian struggle, fighting and restoration of the national economy. In addition, we consider the practice of award-
ing railway workers with medals «For Valorous Labor in the Great Patriotic War, 1941–1945».
The author of the article has set a goal to reconstruct the history of Smolensk railwaymen’s participation in the war on the basis of regional documents and to analyse their recognition as home front workers. The source database includes documents of the State Archive of Smolensk Oblast (funds of the Smolensk Regional Executive Committee and the Western Railway); documents of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense and the State Archive of the Russian Federation, that are published in the electronic database «Feat of the People»; materials of the history of railways in the Smolensk region during the war. The author has studied a large array of documents on awarding medals; service documents; correspondence on awarding issues.
The article analyzes the railway workers’ military and labor path during the war, as well as awarding them with medals.
The study demonstrates the role of Smolensk railway workers in achieving Victory and restoring the national economy. Moreover, the author has studied the circle of railway workers who were recognized as home front workers after the war
and were awarded with medals. The author believes that railway workers are the most prominent category of home front workers in the Smolensk region. They largely contributed to the success
of military operations and the restoration of the national economy in the region. It is concluded that the majority of railway workers who worked in the frontline areas were awarded with two main war medals, which is a unique case for a specific Soviet industry.
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Ganor, Sheer. "Forbidden Words, Banished Voices: Jewish Refugees at the Service of BBC Propaganda to Wartime Germany." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009418773485.
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During the Second World War, the BBC operated a German Service, which was tasked with broadcasting propaganda programs into Nazi Germany and occupied Europe. Psychological warfare was transmitted through radio waves to spread defeatism on the fighting front and amongst civilians, and to convince the German people that there was no future for the Third Reich. Dozens of German-speaking Jews who fled Central Europe and arrived in England as refugees found employment in the German Service. Many of these individuals worked as journalists, actors, comedians or authors in their previous homelands, some had even earned a degree of fame and recognition before the persecutory policies of National Socialism restricted their lives and forced them into exile. From the perspective of BBC officials, these refugees’ experience in the press and in the performing arts, as well as their intimate knowledge of German society and culture, set them in a unique position to create effective and powerful propaganda. This paper explores how, branded as unwelcome outsiders by their native societies, it was precisely their familiarity as ‘insiders’ that paradoxically primed them to perform the task.
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HAYASHI, ROBERT T. "Transfigured Patterns: Contesting Memories at the Manzanar National Historic Site." Public Historian 25, no. 4 (2003): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2003.25.4.51.
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On February 18, 1992 the United States Congress passed legislation establishing the Man-zanar National Historic Site, an act that would turn the neglected site of a former American concentration camp for Japanese Americans into a site of national remembrance for all Americans. This article discusses the legislative process involving Manzanar's designation as a National Historic Site and how it reveals the ongoing tendency to equate American Nikkei history with only the World War II period. The creation and subsequent interpretation of the site also highlighted the complications of identifying a place with only one layer of its history. The recognition and interpretation of Manzanar threatened the maintenance of local histories and led to contestations between California residents, Japanese Americans, the National Park Service, and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power.
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Popovic-Filipovic, Slavica. "Serbs on Corsica in the Great War. Part 1." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 146, no. 7-8 (2018): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh170704169p.
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Historians and historical research of the role of the Serbian nation in the Great War give ample respect and recognition of the great battles and great victories. However, the exodus of the Serbian people and its armies out of Serbia is also not forgotten. Neither are the Salonika Front, nor other battlefronts. Less well known and researched is the fate of 35,000 young Serbian recruits, the young people dispersed to distant lands. This research is concentrated on the fate of the Serbian refugees in Corsica, on those who helped them, looked after them, and treated them to recovery, and who themselves came there from other parts of the world. Those Serbian refugees in Corsica were looked after by the representatives of diplomatic, humanitarian, and medical missions from Serbia, France, and Great Britain. The life of the Serbian refugee colony in Corsica was organized, financed, and supported by the Royal Serbian Government in exile in France, the French Relief Committee for the wounded, sick, and refugees, the Serbian Relief Fund, the Scottish Women?s Hospitals for Foreign Service, the local authorities, and numerous individuals in Corsica. We have paid particular attention to the Scottish Women?s Hospital in Corsica that provided a special hospital unit called ?Corsica Unit,? situated in Ajaccio, with the isolation ward in Lazaret, and ambulances and dispensaries located in various villages, where the Serbian refugees were billeted. At the time of centennial commemorations of the Great War, we want to express our profound gratitude to the humanitarian and medical assistance from all quarters, and in particular to the Scottish Women?s Hospitals, and Dr. Elsie Inglis, the founder and the leader of this medical mission.
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McAleer, John. "‘EMINENT SERVICE’: WAR, SLAVERY AND THE POLITICS OF PUBLIC RECOGNITION IN THE BRITISH CARIBBEAN AND THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE,c.1782–1807." Mariner's Mirror 95, no. 1 (January 2009): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2009.10657082.
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Tomlinson, Jim. "De-industrialization: strengths and weaknesses as a key concept for understanding post-war British history." Urban History 47, no. 2 (May 23, 2019): 199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926819000221.
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AbstractThis article argues for a central role for the concept of de-industrialization in understanding the evolution of the economies of urban Britain in the years since 1945. Above all, it is suggested, this concept is crucial because it focuses attention on the consequences of the transition from an industrial to a service-dominated labour market. To make this argument requires a careful definition of the term, along with recognition of its potential weaknesses as well as strengths. Key issues are highlighted by drawing on three diverse urban areas, which help to show the ubiquity of the process, but also its diverse patterns, chronologies and impacts. These examples are a stereotypical ‘post-industrial city’ (Dundee); a major city where de-industrialization has played an under-regarded role in developments (London); and a medium-size town in the south of England (High Wycombe), where the decline of a core industry (furniture) was crucial to its recent history. The final sections analyse the relationship between de-industrialization and other key frameworks commonly deployed to shape understanding of the recent history of Britain: ‘decline’, ‘globalization’ and ‘the triumph of neo-liberalism’.
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Pivovar, Efim I., and Elena A. Kosovan. "PUBLICATION OF СOLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS ADDRESSED TO THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE VICTORY IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (THE CASE OF THE ARCHIVES OF POST-SOVIET STATES)." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian studies. History. Political science. International relations, no. 3 (2020): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2020-3-102-114.
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The article focuses on the publication activities of post-Soviet archives within the framework of memorial events in honor of the 75th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The authors note a wide variety of forms for these events, paying special attention to the publication of collections of documents and materials addressed to various topics and issues associated with the Great Patriotic War and post-war events. First of all, that is the tragedy and heroic deed of the civilian population of the Soviet Union during the war, including the participation of civilians in the partisan movement, as well as the history of military everyday life and the psychology of the Soviet soldier and the Soviet internationalism in the context of the war and post-war events. The analysis of the publication activities of the archives of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States allows the authors to conclude that it was the archives of the Russian Federation that led the most energetic publication activities, implementing both regional and federal anniversary publication projects (among the latter, the authors distinguish the all-Russian project “With No Status of Limitation”). As early as in the first half of the anniversary year 2020, archivists of the Russian Federation prepared collections covering the participation of Russian regions in the Great Patriotic War. Unlike the Russian archives, the archives of other member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States in 2019 – the first half of 2020 were less productive in their publication activities. However, the authors note the publications of the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus (already published:“Khatyn. On the Way to Recognition. Documents and Materials” and “Operational Summaries of the Belarusian Headquarters of the Partisan Movement. January–July 1944”, were announced: the publication of document collections related to the operation “Cormorant” and the restoration of agriculture in the Belarusian SSR in 1946–1950); of the State Archives of Minsk Region (“Life during War” collection was published), and the State Service of Records and Archives Management of the Trans-Dniester (Pridnestrovian) Moldavian Republic (“There is Such a Profession to Defend the Motherland” – an electronic collection of documents was prepared).
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Trentham, David R. "Samuel Victor Perry. 16 July 1918 — 17 December 2009." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 57 (January 2011): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2011.0009.
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Samuel Victor Perry (1918–2009) was a biochemist who was born in the Isle of Wight, moved shortly thereafter to King’s Lynn, Norfolk, and then spent the greater part of his youth in Southport, Lancashire. His undergraduate education and early research at Liverpool University were followed by army service for the duration of World War II. After his capture in North Africa he spent much of the war as a prisoner of war, during which time his several escapes became the stuff of legends. In 1946 he began research towards his PhD degree at Cambridge University on the protein chemistry of muscle, a central theme in which he was actively engaged for more than 60 years. These were his halcyon days—member of a leading research group in muscle, alongside distinguished achievements as an English rugby international. After a Cambridge University lectureship he was appointed Head of Biochemistry in Birmingham University in 1959—a post he occupied with distinction until retirement, elevating his department to one of international stature. Among his many contributions to the protein biochemistry of muscle contraction and its regulation were the discovery of skeletal muscle myosin phosphorylation, whose significance is still a field of active research, and the recognition that the presence of the cardiac protein troponin I in the bloodstream could be used as a diagnostic marker of myocardial infarction. Perry was an inveterate gardener, especially happy in his beloved Felin Werndew, a beautiful retreat in Dinas Cross, Pembrokeshire. In August 1948 he married Maureen Shaw. She and their son and two daughters survive him.
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Sim, Malcolm, Jing Xie, Andrew Forbes, and Helen Kelsall. "O5C.2 Long term physical and mental health impact of military service." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A45.3—A46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.123.
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BackgroundThere is emerging recognition of the important co-morbidities and long term relationships between physical and psychological health in military and veteran populations. The aim was to investigate the longitudinal relationships between multisymptom illness (MSI) and psychological disorders.MethodsA cohort of 1990–1991 Gulf War veterans and military comparison group was assessed at Wave 1 (2000–2002) and Wave 2 (2011–2012), including military service characteristics, symptoms, modified Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definition of MSI, the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist (PCL), and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI v.2.1) assessed psychological disorders using DSM-IV criteria. Incident cases were defined as participants who did not meet criteria for a health outcome at Wave 1 but met these criteria at Wave 2.ResultsOverall participation at Wave 2 was 1390/2779 (50.0%); 99.8% completed a health questionnaire including 1356 male participants who were included in these analyses. The adjusted incident rate ratio (IRR) of MSI at Wave 2 was higher for those with, compared to those without, CIDI-defined PTSD IRR 3.3 (95% CI 1.8–6.0), major depression 2.1 (1.3–3.5) and alcohol disorder 1.8 (1.0–3.3) at Wave 1. The adjusted IRR of incident CIDI-defined PTSD 3.7 (2.2–6.3) major depression 2.0 (1.2–3.2) and AUD 2.1 (1.1–3.8) at Wave 2 were increased for those with, compared to those without, MSI at Wave 1.ConclusionsLongitudinally, psychological disorders, in particular PTSD and depression, were found to be a risk factor for the development of MSI and the presence of MSI was a risk factor for the development of psychological disorders, in particular PTSD and depression. These findings have important implications for clinical and occupational health practice, service provision and longer term health in military and veteran populations.
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Мейер, Кшиштоф. "The Influence of the Cold War on the New Music." Музыкальная академия, no. 2(778) (June 30, 2022): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34690/232.
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История новой музыки пятидесятых и шестидесятых годов XX века излагается в особом ракурсе. Автор указывает на ту огромную роль, которую сыграла в ее развитии политическая ситуация эпохи холодной войны. В то время как СССР и его сателлиты поставили искусство на службу пропаганде и отдавали предпочтение благозвучным произведениям, напоминающим народные песни и танцы, в Западной Европе, и особенно в Западной Германии, мощную финансовую поддержку получила диссонантная музыка, опирающаяся на технику шёнберговской додекафонии («дегенеративное искусство», как называли такую музыку в Третьем рейхе). Эстетика этого абстрактного, трудного для восприятия широкой аудиторией искусства была ориентирована на постоянное новаторство и на полное, беспрепятственное раскрытие индивидуальности композитора. В результате магистральный путь развития новой музыки стали определять явления, которые в иной политической и экономической ситуации были бы маргинальными, а авангардное направление оказалось голосом мира, расположенного по западную сторону железного занавеса, точно так же, как голосом стран социалистического лагеря являлся социалистический реализм. The new music of the 1950s and 1960s is considered in the special historical perspective. The author points to the huge role the political situation of the Cold War era played in its development. While the USSR and its satellites put art at the service of propaganda and preferred consonant works reminiscent of folk songs and dances, in Western Europe, and especially in Western Germany, dissonant musi c based on the Schoenberg's dodecaphony (former “entartete Kunst”) received strong financial support. The aesthetics of this abstract art, which has not yet received recognition from a wide audience, was focused on the constant innovation and on the full, unhindered discovery of the composer's individuality. As a result, the development of the new music was determined by phenomena that would have been marginal in a different political and economic situation, and the avant-garde turned out to be the voice of the world on the western side of the Iron Curtain, just as socialist realism was the voice of the socialist camp.
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Ali, Isra. "Tactical Tactility: Warfare, Gender, and Cultural Intelligence." Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2016): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v2i1.28831.
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The participation of women in the landscape of warfare is increasingly visible; nowhere is this more evident than in the US military’s global endeavors. The US military’s reliance on cultural intelligence in its conceptualization of engagement strategies has resulted in the articulation of specific gendered roles in warfare. Women are thought to be particularly well suited to non-violent tactile engagements with civilians in war zones in Iraq and Afghanistan because of gender segregation in public and private spaces. Women in the military have consequently been able to argue for recognition of their combat service by framing this work in the war zone as work only women can do. Women reporters have been able to develop profiles as media producers, commentators, and experts on foreign policy, women, and the military by producing intimate stories about the lives of civilians only they can access. The work soldiers and reporters do is located in the warzone, but in the realms of the domestic and social, in the periods between bursts of violent engagement. These women are deployed as mediators between civilian populations in Afghanistan and Iraq and occupying forces for different but related purposes. Soldiers do the auxiliary work of combat in these encounters, reporters produce knowledge that undergirds the military project. Their work in combat zones emphasizes the interpersonal and relational as forms of tactile engagement. In these roles, they are also often mediating between the “temporary” infrastructure of the war zone and occupation, and the “permanent” infrastructure of nation state, local government, and community. The work women do as soldiers and reporters operates effectively with the narrative of militarism as a means for liberating women, reinforcing the perception of the military as an institution that is increasingly progressive in its attitudes towards membership, and in its military strategies. When US military strategy focuses on cultural practice in Arab and Muslim societies, commanders operationalize women soldiers in the tactics of militarism, the liberation of Muslim women becomes central in news and governmental discourses alike, and the notion of “feminism” is drawn into the project of US militarism in Afghanistan and Iraq in complex ways that elucidate how gender, equality, and difference, can be deployed in service of warfare.
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Stilwell, Robynn J. "Black Voices, White Women's Tears, and the Civil War in Classical Hollywood Movies." 19th-Century Music 40, no. 1 (2016): 56–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2016.40.1.56.
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Two musical trends of the 1930s—the development of a practice for scoring sound films, and the increasing concertization of the spiritual in both solo and choral form—help shape the soundscape of films based in the South and/or on Civil War themes in early sound-era Hollywood. The tremendous success of the Broadway musical Show Boat (1927), which was made into films twice within seven years (1929, 1936), provided a model of chorus and solo singing, and films like the 1929 Mary Pickford vehicle Coquette and the 1930 musical Dixiana blend this theatrical practice with a nuanced syntax that logically carries the voices from outdoors to indoors to the interior life of a character, usually a white woman. Director D. W. Griffith expands this use of diegetic singing in ways that will later be the province of nondiegetic underscore in his first sound film, Abraham Lincoln (1930). Shirley Temple's Civil War–set films (The Little Colonel and The Littlest Rebel [both 1935] and Dimples [1936]) strongly replicate the use of the voices of enslaved characters—most of whom are onscreen only to provide justification for the source of the music—to mourn for white women. Jezebel, the 1938 antebellum melodrama, expands musicodramatic syntax that had been developed in single scenes or sequences over the entire second act and a white woman's fall and attempted redemption. Gone with the Wind (1939) both plays on convention and offers a moment of transgression for Prissy, who takes her voice for her own pleasure in defiance of Scarlett O'Hara. The detachment of the spiritual from the everyday experience of African Americans led to a recognition of the artistry of the music and the singers on the concert stage. In film, however, the bodies of black singers are marginalized and set in service of white characters and white audiences.
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Winspur, Ian. "Performing Arts Medicine in Britain." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2002.4029.
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Britain provides universal health coverage free at the point of delivery for its citizens (and most visitors) provided by the National Health Service (NHS). The NHS was established in 1947 in the flush of post-World War II idealism and was planned and structured along contemporary socialist economic and management principles--a large centrally funded and run government monopoly. It is huge, for it employs currently 1.5 million people and it remains one of the last and certainly the largest bastion of such economic thinking and planning in Britain and in Europe. In its 50 years of existence, it has at times provided excellent care for the British nation. But at this point in time, top-heavy with management and administration, chronically underfunded and understaffed, unresponsive to the rapidly changing needs of society and of developing medical technology, it is on the verge of crumbling. Inherent in such a system is the lack of recognition of individuality or of an individual patient’s special needs, and no group of patients feels this more acutely than performers.
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Chubarov, Aleksei I. "Complaints of Soldiers' Families of the Voronezh Province Against the Actions of the County Zemstvos During the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: History and Law 11, no. 5 (2021): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2021-11-5-217-227.
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Relevance. Currently, the charity of the families of the lower ranks called up for mobilization during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 is a poorly studied topic in Russian historical science. This article is intended to identify and summarize the complaints of the peasants of the Voronezh province about the illegal, in their opinion, activities of the county zemstvos when assigning payments to their families that are required by law. The purpose of the study is to consider the reasons for rejecting applications for assigning food allowances to families of lower ranks. The objectives is to study the practical application of the "Temporary Rules on the recognition of families of re-serve ranks and soldiers of the state militia called up for service in wartime" on the territory of the Voronezh province. Metodology. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical methods (system and comparative historical method). Results. The first mass application of the "Temporary Rules..." of June 25, 1877 occurred in the Russian Empire during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. Then, due to the system of private mobilization, spare senior service members who had large families were called up to the army. Local funds, which were supposed to compensate for the absence of the head of the family and the breadwinner, were usually not enough for the family of the lower rank. Therefore, the local authorities sought to interpret the provisions of the law in their own way, which led to a mass of complaints about the actions of the county zemstvos. Conclusions. When assigning a food allowance to the families of the mobilized lower ranks, the district zemstvos of the Voronezh province often sought to reduce the number of people being looked after, which caused protest moods among the soldiers and dissatisfaction with the actions of the Zemstvo from the lower ranks.
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Krishna, Venni V. "Open Science and Its Enemies: Challenges for a Sustainable Science–Society Social Contract." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 3 (August 3, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6030061.
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Science as a social institution has evolved as the most powerful, highly influential, and sought out institution after the conflicts between science and religion following Galileo. Knowledge as a public good, scientific peer review of science, the prominence of open publications, and the emphasis on professional recognition and scientific autonomy have been the hallmark of science in the past three centuries. According to this scientific spirit, the scientific social system and society formed a unique social contract. This social contract drew considerable institutional and state legitimacy for the openness and public good of science in the service of state and society, all through the post-war period. Openness and public good of science are recognized and legitimized by the scientific community and science agencies at the global level. This paradigm of open science, in varying forms and manifestations, contributed to the progress of systematic knowledge at the service of humankind over the last three centuries. Entering the third decade of the 21st century, the social contract between science and society is undergoing major changes. In fact, the whole paradigm of open science and its social contract is being challenged by various “enemies” or adversaries such as (a) market-based privatized commercial science, (b) industry 4.0 advanced technologies, and (c) a “new iron curtain” on the free flow of science data and information. What is at stake? Are there major changes? Is the very social institution of science transforming? What impact will this have on our contemporary and future sustainable society? These are some important issues that will be addressed in this article.
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Popovic-Filipovic, Slavica. "Srbi na Korzici u Velikom ratu - 2. deo." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 146, no. 9-10 (2018): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh170704170p.
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Historians and historical research of the role of the Serbian nation in the Great War give ample respect and recognition of the great battles and great victories. However, the exodus of the Serbian people and its armies out of Serbia is also not forgotten. Neither are the Salonika Front, nor other battlefronts. Less well known and researched is the fate of 35,000 young Serbian recruits, the young people dispersed to distant lands. This research is concentrated on the fate of the Serbian refugees in Corsica, on those who helped them, looked after them, and treated them to recovery, and who themselves came there from other parts of the world. Those Serbian refugees in Corsica were looked after by the representatives of diplomatic, humanitarian, and medical missions from Serbia, France, and Great Britain. The life of the Serbian refugee colony in Corsica was organized, financed, and supported by the Royal Serbian Government in exile in France, the French Relief Committee for the wounded, sick, and refugees, the Serbian Relief Fund, the Scottish Women?s Hospitals for Foreign Service, the local authorities, and numerous individuals in Corsica. We have paid particular attention to the Scottish Women?s Hospital in Corsica that provided a special hospital unit called ?Corsica Unit,? situated in Ajaccio, with the isolation ward in Lazaret, and ambulances and dispensaries located in various villages, where the Serbian refugees were billeted. At the time of centennial commemorations of the Great War, we want to express our profound gratitude to the humanitarian and medical assistance from all quarters, and in particular to the Scottish Women?s Hospitals, and Dr. Elsie Inglis, the founder and the leader of this medical mission.
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Iordanishvili, Andrey K. "The Patriarch of maxillofacial traumatology (on the 100th anniversary of Professor V.A. Malyshev, Colonel of Medical Service)." Russian Journal of Dentistry 26, no. 4 (September 29, 2022): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1728-2802-2022-26-4-355-361.
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The prominent place in the cohort of famous Russian dentists of XX century belongs to the participant of Great Patriotic War 19411945, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, colonel of medical service Vasily Alekseevich Malyshev (19222006), whose 100-year anniversary is celebrated by Russian stomatological community in 2022.
AIM: To present scientific, clinical, pedagogical and social activity of prominent maxillofacial surgeon Doctor of Medicine, Professor, colonel of medical service V.A. Malyshev, as well as his merits before the Motherland.
To present the role of V.A. Malyshev in formation and development of the military stomatology, maxillofacial surgery and traumatology in Russia on the basis of analysis of the national literature, life and professional activity as well as scientific labors of the doctor of medical sciences, professor, colonel of the medical service.
Scientific works of V.A. Malyshev are mainly devoted to the research of issues of clinic, diagnostics, treatment of fractures of the lower jaw and prevention of traumatism. Having become the master of maxillofacial traumatology, he has significantly improved the diagnostics of maxillofacial injuries and introduced in everyday clinical practice a great number of original methods and effective ways of treatment of the indicated pathology. His scientific and practical developments and suggestions regarding the treatment of patients with maxillofacial region injuries have been widely spread in our country, implemented in practice of many medical preventive institutions and included in many textbooks, manuals and teaching aids used in Russian higher educational institutions. His method of treatment of chronic fractures of mandibular articular process by means of its replantation with following osteosynthesis, which was developed in our country and abroad, gained recognition not only in our country but also abroad.
V.A. Malyshev was one of the oldest military dentists of Russia, a brilliant teacher, an excellent scientist and clinician. His name was well known to the stomatological community of the USSR, and since 1991 in Russia and the former Soviet Union. His work for 50 years was connected with the department of maxillofacial surgery and dentistry of Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. In 19751988 V.A. Malyshev as an off-duty chief dentist did a lot to improve the organization and provision of dental care to the servicemen and sailors.
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Petrova, M. A. "Hermann Karl von Keyserlingk and the Recognition of the Russian Imperial Title by the Holy Roman Empire in 1745–1746." MGIMO Review of International Relations 14, no. 6 (December 29, 2021): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2021-6-81-89-109.
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The article, based on the unpublished documents from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, reveals for the first time details of a little-known episode in the history of the Russian diplomatic service – the mission of Empress' Elisabeth I minister plenipotentiary Count of Courland Hermann Karl von Keyserlingk to Frankfurt am Main and Regensburg during the War of the Austrian Succession. The mission's goal was to achieve recognition of the Russian imperial title from the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. The author managed to find out, it was Keyserlingk who had the idea to send the official representative of Russia to the election of the Emperor in Frankfurt in 1745 and then in 1746 to the Imperial Diet in Regensburg, which approved the election results. Keyserlingk proposed the most straightforward plan that did not damage the prestige of Elisabeth I – to transfer the credentials with the imperial title to the College of Electors and to receive a recreditive (leave-letter), trying to get the title included in the text. The same should have been done at the Imperial Diet. The main task of the diplomat was to prevent the issue of the title from becoming the subject of discussion at meetings of the College of Electors and at the Diet, since the details of the discussion would undoubtedly get into the official documents of these institutions and become public. The moment for solving this delicate issue turned out to be a good one: the continued hostilities forced the Imperial Estates to seek help from Russia. As a result, they were ready to do Elisabeth I a favor. This largely explains the success of Keyserlingk's mission, which enjoyed the support of imperial diplomats – representatives of the Electors of Mainz, Saxony, Bohemia and at the final stage – of the Elector of Brandenburg, King of Denmark and Emperor Franz I. The article also examines Keyserlingk's participation in recognizing the seventeen-year-old Grand Prince Peter as Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, a legal major a year early.
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Delić, Ante. "U misiji Sv. Stolice kod Ante Pavelića i Josipa Broza Tita." Crkva u svijetu 54, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 176–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.34075/cs.54.2.2.
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The Vatican had never recognized the Independent State of Croatia (henceforth ISC) in accordance with its traditional policy of not giving recognition to the countries formed in war until hostilities cease and peace treaties come into effect. However, a few months after the declaration of the ISC, the Holy See sent an apostolic visitor to the Croatian Catholic episcopate in Zagreb, Dr. Ramiro Marcone, a monk from the Benedictine abbey in Montevergine, Italy. Marcone was accompanied by his secretary, Dr. Giuseppe Masucci, also a Benedictine monk. The two men lived in Zagreb until the end of the ISC in 1945 but also stayed for some time after that. In accordance with their duties, Marcone and Masucci were in contact with the archbishop of Zagreb, Alojzije Stepinac, on a daily basis and were thus well-informed about numerous issues of the time, especially those pertaining to the relationship between the Catholic Church and the government of ISC. The Catholic hierarchy headed by archbishop Stepinac, welcomed the proclamation of ISC and throughout the war expressed their belief that the Croatian people had the right to its own independent state. Abbot Marcone and his secretary Masucci acted in synergy with archbishop Stepinac. In accordance with his mission Marcone submitted reports to the Holy See while his secretary Masucci kept notes in his diary. One can observe Masucci's constant work on saving the persecuted, specially Jews from his diary (which has two different versions in Croatian translation). After the end of ISC, Masucci and Marcone were under strict surveillance and control of the secret service of the new communist regime which considered the Catholic Church an enemy of the state and openly persecuted it with the intention of destroying it. Abbot Marcone travelled to Rome on 10 July 1945 and the Yugoslav authorities denied him re-entry. His secretary Masucci also left Yugoslavia on 20 March 1946 after constant pressure from the new administration and was also denied re-entry.
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Oorschot, Leo. "Dutch Hybrid Neighbourhoods of 1860–1910 in Heat Transition: The Case Study of Zeeheldenkwartier in The Hague." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 5255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205255.
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This paper explores the typo-morphologic characteristics of late 19th century hybrid neighbourhoods in urban regions of The Netherlands and possibilities of a feasible climate neutral energy system in the future. The Zeeheldenkwartier neighbourhood in The Hague is used as a case study. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are involved to ensure access to affordable and clean energy (SDG 7) and make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable (SDG 11). With the 2019 Dutch-Climate-Agreement The Netherlands decided on a neighbourhood approach to the transition from natural gas to a climate neutral energy supply in buildings. Implicit homogeneity in most buildings of neighbourhoods is presupposed, in contrast to older neighbourhoods that were laid out before World War I. These are nowadays heterogenic, attractive, mixed and often protected neighbourhoods because of the quality of the architecture. Establishing a generic energy plan here is a challenge. The foremost important conclusion is the recognition of the architectural and urban quality and features of these kinds of neighbourhoods and to develop specific legislation and rules about insulation, service and energy systems. Another conclusion about the strategy is that one should not rely on a single generic solution but rather apply multiple forms of heat supply over a longer period of time. There is lack of heat and construction capacity. Box-in-box-renovation is best done when people are moving and the house is uninhabited. The tenants of a neighbourhood should oganise, not building owners, and implement legislation and framework for rental apartments. Insulation should be done to mandatory Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) label B or C, adding sound and energy production of heat pumps and district heating.
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Dingle, Lesley. "Perspectives of International Law: Some Examples from Conversations with Judge James Richard Crawford." Legal Information Management 19, no. 01 (March 2019): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669619000033.
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AbstractJames Richard Crawford was born in Adelaide in November 1948, where he went to school and eventually graduated from Adelaide University with an LLB and a BA in 1971. His political views were coloured by his country's involvement in the Vietnam War, and these were reflected in his vision of international law, which he researched under Ian Brownlie for his LLD at Oxford (1972–73). The result was his seminal text The Creation of States in International Law. After returning to Australia, James Crawford spent the next 18 years pursuing a career in academia and government legal service, culminating in his occupying the Challis chair at Sydney in 1986. Further recognition of his standing in international law came when Cambridge appointed him to the Whewell Chair in 1992, and the Directorship of the Lauterpacht Centre 1997–2003 and 2006–2009. After 23 years in Cambridge, Professor Crawford was elected to the bench of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2015, where, in May 2018, Lesley Dingle recorded nearly 4 hours of conversation with him in his chambers at the Peace Palace. The audio and transcript records of these interviews have been presented in the Eminent Scholars Archive, along with a narrative biography. During his parallel careers, academic and juristic, James Crawford wrote extensively on international law. His works reveal a distinctive vision of the law's legacy and future prospects. In the present article, Lesley Dingle expands on some of the perspectives that underpin this Crawfordian vision of international law, inter alia: historical contingency, human enhancement, the legal polymath, personal priorities, and constraints on ICJ judges.
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Ndlovu, Lungisani, Okuthe P. Kogeda, and Manoj Lall. "Enhanced Service Discovery Model for Wireless Mesh Networks." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 22, no. 1 (January 20, 2018): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2018.p0044.
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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are the only cost-effective networks that support seamless connectivity, wide area network (WAN) coverage, and mobility features. However, the rapid increase in the number of users on these networks has brought an upsurge in competition for available resources and services. Consequently, factors such as link congestion, data collisions, link interferences, etc. are likely to occur during service discovery on these networks. This further degrades their quality of service (QoS). Therefore, the quick and timely discovery of these services becomes an essential parameter in optimizing the performance of service discovery on WMNs. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an enhanced service discovery model that solves the performance bottleneck incurred by service discovery on WMNs. The proposed model integrates the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms to improve QoS. We use the PSO algorithm to assign different priorities to services on the network. On the other hand, we use the ACO algorithm to effectively establish the most cost-effective path whenever each transmitter has to be searched to identify whether it possesses the requested service(s). Furthermore, we design and implement the link congestion reduction (LCR) algorithm to define the number of service receivers to be granted access to services simultaneously. We simulate, test, and evaluate the proposed model in Network Simulator 2 (NS2), against ant colony-based multi constraints, QoS-aware service selection (QSS), and FLEXIble Mesh Service Discovery (FLEXI-MSD) models. The results show an average service discovery throughput of 80%, service availability of 96%, service discovery delay of 1.8 s, and success probability of service selection of 89%.
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Dzоban, Оleksandr. "THE GENESIS OF IDEAS ABOUT THE SECURITY ISSUE: FROM ANTIQUITY TO MODERN TIMES." Politology bulletin, no. 83 (2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2018.83.8-15.
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Security problem has always been in the center for the study of representatives of various sectors of socio-humanitarian knowledge. Her understanding of the constantly addressed in his works, scholars, politicians, statesmen and public figures. In recent years the problem of security has become extremely popular and used so widely that it is often impossible to distinguish the essence and boundaries of the basic components of concepts and categories in this context. Therefore there is a need to specify the nature and content of philosophical understanding of security issues on the basis of the retrospective analysis of the heritage of the most typical representatives of philosophical thought in this direction. The purpose of this article to specify the nature and content of philosophical understanding of security issues on the basis of the retrospective analysis of the heritage of the most typical representatives of philosophical thought in this direction. The article was used the whole complex of philosophical, General scientific and specific methods of research that are inherent in modern science, in their interrelation and complementarity. A key method was comparative-critical analysis of various conceptualizations of the phenomenon of national security in historical and philosophical context. In addition, the methodological basis of research is based on General scientific methods of research of problems of safety in modern society, and especially empirical, comparative, analytical and descriptive. In the heyday of ancient philosophy at the center of attention of thinkers was the idea of common security. The ancient Greeks were mainly linked security with the absence of war. In the era of late antiquity formed a negative attitude to the war in General as barbaric deeds, and the recognition of the usefulness of some of its types that contribute to «local security». The middle Ages in ideological terms is characterized by the endorsement of the Christian religion that permeates all spheres of social life and consciousness, so the idea of a possible survival (salvation) was connected with God, and the perception of security is largely determined by religious ideology. Christianity did not approve of war and military service, seeing the worst sin is the deprivation of human life. In the Renaissance people were viewed as the highest value, and all her problems were the focus of attention of the thinkers of that time that forced them to think over the problem of safe relations between States and to seek ways to improve them. In philosophy of New time, an understanding of security as a necessary condition of human life. Starting with Hobbes, security has been regarded as derived from the joint efforts of society and government. The conclusion is that in the modern age on the basis of previous work security subject was developed in the framework of the mechanistic worldview, in which nature and society would be synonymous with some of the mechanisms, «social machine». In this universe the existence of a risk is understood as a violation of purpose «social machine» (society) and security management a priori was given to the state the owner of the «social machine». This mechanistic methodology, however, allowed humanity to expand the boundaries of ideas about the world and forming in practice a more secure relationship of the individual with nature and society. It is clear that the priority in those days was considered the security of the state, exercised through the elimination and prevention of negative social and managerial phenomena.
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Yengibaryan, R. V. "Legal cooperation between Russia and the USA: historical roots of modern problems." Journal of Law and Administration 15, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2019-2-51-3-11.
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Introduction. Relations between Russia and the United States have nearly three centuries of history, and for more than two hundred years the countries had diplomatic relations which were interrupted for sixteen years from 1917 to 1933. Perhaps the XIX century was the most peaceful and fruitful for our countries when the interests of the Russian Empire and the United States on the world stage did not contradict each other, often coincided, thus excluding confrontation between the two nation-states. The XIX century for Russia and the United States was marked by the singing of a number of bilateral treaties, including the treaty on the extradition of criminals, which consolidated their partnership.On the contrary, the XX century is marked by unstable and cyclical relations between the two countries. The rejection of Soviet power, the long period of non-recognition of the Soviet Union was followed in 1933 by mutual multifaceted cooperation between the USSR and the United States, which included the legal sphere, and by the allied relations during the Second World War. The second half of the twentieth century was the time of open confrontation between the two world giants, when the crisis of relations between the USSR and the United States put the world on the brink of world war III. In such conditions, there could be no talk of improving the legal framework of legal cooperation, and the agreement on the procedure for execution of court orders concluded in 1935 did not find its practical application.Modern Russia has assumed the entire burden of problems and contradictions in legal cooperation with the United States. Searching for ways out of them is possible only on the basis of historical analysis of their prerequisites, taking into account the peculiarities of modern international relations.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition of phenomena in the relationship and mutual conditionality using a set of general and particular scientific methods of cognition of reality. The historical method contributed to the restoration of the chronological sequence of legal cooperation between Russia (USSR) and the United States. The method of actualization made it possible to identify the historical factors that determined the peculiarities of international cooperation in the legal sphere. The method of diachronization made it possible to identify certain successive stages in the development of international legal cooperation between Russia (USSR) and the United States, to compare them, to identify patterns of development.Results. In the framework of the study, the author found that inter-state legal cooperation is an integral part of the foreign policy of states. The international legal basis of cooperation between Russia and the United States in civil, family and criminal cases was created in a different historical era, does not meet modern international relations, and is poorly implemented by the justice authorities of the two States.There is no treaty on legal assistance in civil and family matters that is fundamental to the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens of both States, and there are no provisions on extradition in the Treaty on legal assistance in criminal matters.Discussion and Conclusions. The international legal framework of cooperation between the Russian Federation (and earlier - the Soviet Union) and the United States of America in the legal sphere; the problems of implementation of international legal assistance in civil, family and criminal cases are researched. The main provisions of the Treaty on mutual legal assistance in criminal cases of 2000; multilateral Conventions on the service abroad of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial cases of 1965 are analyzed. The 1958 Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, the 1935 Agreement “On the procedure for the execution of court orders between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America” were explored. The prospects for the development of legal cooperation between Russia and the United States are shown.
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Gagkuev, Ruslan. "Supreme Ruler Versus Ataman: The Conflict Between Admiral A.V. Kolchak and Ataman G.M. Semenov in November – December 1918 in the Documents of French General M. Janin." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (September 2022): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.4.14.
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Introduction. The article focuses on a critically important episode in the history of Russian Civil War on the Eastern Front – the conflict between the Supreme Governor of Russia Admiral Alexander V. Kolchak and Colonel Grigory M. Semyonov, commanding the 5th Pri-Amur Corps in November – December of 1918. Semyonov’s nonrecognition of Kolchak’s government after the coup d’état on November 18, 1918 and their heated exchange of telegraph cables led to a long-standing conflict in which the Supreme Governor failed to exert his authority over Semyonov, who was supported by the Japanese Expeditionary Corps. Methods and materials. Their confrontation ended only in May 1919 with concessions made by Kolchak, which was reciprocated with recognition of his authority by Semyonov. Further details on conflict dynamics are revealed in the papers of Maurice Janin, who headed the French military mission in Siberia, and had arrived in the Russian Far East in November 1918 as the chief of the Allied military mission in Russia. Analysis. En route from Vladivostok to Omsk, General Janin stayed in Chita on December 5–6, where he found himself in the middle of the conflict between the Supreme Governor and ataman. Janin’s memoirs published in 1933 and documents from the collection of Service historique de la défense – the Archives center of the French Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces were used when putting this paper together, the latter made public for the first time. Details of conversations between Janin and ataman Semyonov, transcripts of his meetings with Japanese general Jiro Oba, negotiations by direct wire with France’s High Commissioner to Siberia Eugène L.G. Regnault and Admiral Kolchak represent a significant contribution into the history of this conflict. From his arrival to Russia Janin noted the disunity of anti-Bolshevik movement. Results. The information on ataman Semyonov, as well as on Kolchak and his entourage that he collected in the Far East, and his failure to resolve the conflict in Chita led him first to a conservative, and then to an openly negative assessment of White movement’s future outlook on the Civil War’s Eastern Front.
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Chakravorty, Indranil. "The Final Straw." Sushruta Journal of Health Policy & Opinion 15, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.38192/15.2.4.
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The straw that broke the camel's back came from a most unexpected source. It was the sudden removal of all access to safe drinking water in an acute medical unit in one of the largest hospitals in the country. This action left a 58 bedded unit with over 100 members of staff without access to a vital ingredient of health and wellbeing. In a system which has come through unpredictable, unreliable and inadequate access to personal protection equipment throughout the various surges of the COVID-19 pandemic, this was something that all the mandatory training in resilience should have given strength to pull through. But sadly, it seemed to be the final straw.
So, I was going to suggest a different strategy, one that included arranging rotations with international partners and of inducting colleagues from allied health professions to share responsibilities of patient care much more than they are able to do at present. Both of these moves will require an open mind, a long-range vision from our leaders and flexibility from our regulators. We need sustainable models where junior doctors and nurses come on planned rotations from countries such as the Commonwealth where education and training are aligned but return to their countries enriched with their experience. The BAPIO Training Academy has similar schemes in place and all the Medical Royal colleges are keen to populate their medical training initiatives with international partner institutions. There needs to be a recognition and celebration of the diversity of the workforce and the contribution of migrants. An acceptance by the people of how the war was won and the country was rebuilt by the blood, sweat and tears of migrants working shoulder to shoulder with their UK peers. This change in mindset has to come from the top. Many had hoped that the first UK Prime Minister of colour may bring that change in mindset. Unfortunately, this is not what appears as Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP moving swiftly from the diversity of Diwali celebrations in Downing Street to pushing the boats back rhetoric. A change is needed. We, in the health service need to be the change (in mindset of equality, diversity and inclusion) that we wish to see. The final straw must not break the camel’s back.
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McAlister, W. Howard, Jeffrey L. Weaver, Jerry D. Davis, and Jeffrey A. Newsom. "Military Optometry from World War I to the Present." Hindsight: Journal of Optometry History 52, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/hindsight.v51i3.31044.
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Optometry has made significant contributions to the United States military for over a century. Assuring good vision and eye health of soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines is critical to maximizing the military functions necessary to achieve victory. There was little organization or recognition of the profession in World War I, but optometrists were essential in achieving the mission. Recognition of the profession of optometry was still limited in World War II but it was improving, especially with commissioning as officers occurring in the Navy. Through the Korean and Vietnam Wars, optometry grew in stature and strength with all services eventually commissioning all optometrists, and Army optometrists were assigned to combat divisions. Continuing through the more recent conflicts in the middle east, the profession has continued to make an impact and has become an essential part of the armed forces of the United States. Doctors of optometry are now an integral part of the Department of Defense. The nation cannot field an effective fighting force today without the dedicated performance of these officers.
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Zhironkina, Evgeniya S. "Infantile Consciousness and Its Narrative Incarnation in Jonathan Littell’s Novel Les Bienveillantes." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 458 (2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/458/2.
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The article examines the narrative organization of Jonathan Littell’s novel Les Bienveillantes [The Kindly Ones], dedicated to the events of World War II and offering the experience of an artistic understanding of the Holocaust. Maximilien Aue, the protagonist and narrator of Les Bienveillantes, is an ex-officer of the SS and SD. The author of the article attempts to explain how his personality traits influence the specifics of the novel’s narrative. She shows that Aue’s important characteristic is infantility; this feature determines his behavior, perception, and, as a consequence, the specifics of the narrative. In the analysis of the novel, the author uses narratological methodology. She studies aspects illustrating manifestations of Aue’s infantility: relationship with his family, joining the ranks of the SD, direct participation in the extermination of the Jewish people and performance of official duties; transformation of his mental state; his behavior in situations that threaten his freedom. The author shows that Aue is unable to break the infantile relationship with his family: the narrative contains his childhood memories and his thoughts about his family as part of the story of the tragic events of the Holocaust. The author reveals that Aue’s involvement in service to the Third Reich is unconscious: his decision to join the SD is not based on ideological reasons, but on the fear of criminal punishment and the physical discomfort he experiences. When completing errands, Aue pursues his own interests rather than official duties (in particular, he compiles a photo album with executions instead of a formalized report). Metamorphoses of Aue’s mental state also testify to his infantile consciousness. The author analyzes dreams and fantasies that indicate Aue’s immaturity. His dreams perform a characterological function in the novel: they show his failure as a leader. Aue’s lack of empathy shows in his inability to sympathize with the victims of the genocide; it determines the speech features of his story such as the neutral narration about the executions, shocking comparisons and associations, the physiological nature of the narrative language. Aue’s infantility also leads to his inability to take responsibility for his actions; his self-consciousness develops many years later. Aue’s maturity shows in the recognition of his own non-exclusivity and in the intention to write a novel—to return to his experience of participating in Jewish actions. The choice of a bearer of infantile consciousness as the narrating protagonist in Les Bienveillantes indicates that modern literature is attempting to comprehend the situation of a person embroiled in hostilities, in the situation of no choice.
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Adejuwon, Akinsola. "The Art and life of Alàgbà Fálétí – A Pic torial, Art and Artifacts Exhibition in Honor of Alàgbà Adébáyọ̀ Fálétí (1921- 2017) curated by Akinsola Adejuwon and Seyi Ogunjobi." Yoruba Studies Review 3, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v3i2.129995.
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Alàgbà Adébáyọ Fálétí to generations both in “town and gown” is a Yorùbá ̀ iconic cultural statement. His life was a window to different historical epochs in Nigeria. A life that spanned and recorded historical trajectories of early colonial, decolonisation, independent movement, First and Second World Wars, and Nigerian Civil War, Military and Civilian Rules experiences of Nigeria, is worth studying. The Institute of Cultural Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife in recognition of the deep engraving of the footprints of Fálétí in the sands of Yorùbá, indeed African times, called for befitting academic and cultural activities. Among these are this art and artifacts exhibition, a Colloquium, a Playlet and Documentary Film Show. Fálétí’s intense dedication to the promotion of the Yorùbá ọmọlúàbí cultural ethos and his deployment of his God-given talents and acquired capabilities in the promotion of Yorùbá literary and visual arts, history, poetry, orature, cinema and indeed 1 This is a review of the 2-week pictorial, art and artifacts exhibition in Honor of Alagba Adebayo Faleti in 2017 at the Institute of Cultural Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, curated by Akinsola Adejuwon and Seyi Ogunjobi.
Reviews 192 Akinsola Adejuwon African arts in general, is not lost on all Fálétí enthusiasts. Furthermore, his remarkable service as Senior Art Fellow at the Institute of Cultural Studies OAU completes the Institute’s resolution to capture the worthy legacy in the appropriate location even with the inauguration of an Alàgbà Adébáyọ Fálétí ̀ Library, Institute of Cultural Studies. Within a lifetime of close to one century, Fálétí delivers perhaps unique classical Yorùbá messages in words matched with action, first to Africa and then the world. This review looks at the pictorial and art exhibition covering the world of Alàgbà Adébáyọ̀ Akande Fálétí. It is an assessment of a thematic display of selected pictures and objects which probably placed the observer within the environment and with people Fálétí related with. The images, pictures, artworks and objects in the display were segmented into five major parts. These focused mainly on Alàgbà Fálétí’s parentage, early childhood, education within pristine Yorùbá-driven legacies of the Ọyọ̀ -́ Yorùbá type, Family life over-written from data flowing from core Yorùbá ethical and artistic ‘motherboard.’ Represented also are years of adolescence and expressions of early youthful forays under various tutelary influences, variegated working periods, writing and acting plus public service careers. Alàgbà Fálétí’s childhood coincided with the period when the British Colonial Government had taken over administration of entire geographical space known as Nigeria. In spite of introduction of foreign culture and customs into Nigeria by the Europeans, Yorùbá culture remained resilient. Hence, we could imagine that the childhood of Alàgbà Fálétí was not radically different from Samuel Johnson’s description of features of Yorùbá childhood as characterised by ‘freedom’ (Johnson: 2009, pp.98-100). These facets of life are arranged in a flow of one hundred and thirty-two frames of pictures and images appropriately hanged on the gallery wall boards, awards, artworks and objects displayed on individual stands. The montage produced by the flow of images on exhibition probably rallied to install both the titular and tutelar toga of ‘Alàgbà’ on Fálétí. Perhaps this also developed from a character evincing deep and cultured qualities over the last century. Qualities projectable only from such roundly home-grown dignitary. An all-round Yorùbá man from the core to the marked skin on his face.
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Derby, Mark, and David Lowe. "Douglas Waddell Jolly (1904–1983) – New Zealand pioneer of modern battlefield surgery." Journal of Medical Biography 28, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772018754940.
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New Zealand-born surgeon Douglas Jolly was studying in London at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. He joined a British volunteer medical team and in December 1936 was placed in charge of a mobile medical unit of Spain’s Republican Army. For the following two years, he took part in every major battle of the war, operating as close as possible to the front line. In that time he made significant contributions to trauma surgery, especially for abdominal injuries, and developed a ‘three-points-forward’ triage system. He described these medical innovations in a handbook which became highly influential among Allied medical services in Second World War, Korea and Vietnam. Jolly served with the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) in the Middle East during Second World War and was awarded a military OBE.After the war, he became Chief Medical Officer of Queen Mary’s Orthopaedic Hospital, Roehampton. He has been described as ‘a pioneer in the field of surgical treatment for trauma and one of the most notable war surgeons of the 20th century.’ In belated local recognition of this innovative and dedicated pioneer of trauma surgery, a memorial to Jolly will be unveiled in his home town of Cromwell, New Zealand in 2018.
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Stewart, C. P. U., and A. S. Jain. "An epidemiological study of war amputees and the cost to society." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 23, no. 2 (August 1999): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649909071620.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the overall financial cost of the prosthetic care which war amputees have incurred since the injury occurred. Records of 98 war veteran amputees who had attended the Dundee Limb Fitting Centre were scrutinised, they revealed 52 survivors and 46 who had died by 1997 and represented all the records available at the time of the review. The number and nature of visits, the number of prosthetic limbs ordered were counted and using today's costs, the cost of these services calculated. The costs of stump socks, transport and social security payments were not included. The cost of the artificial limbs was calculated at £(GBP)69 million with the recognition that it is an underestimate and approximation. Despite this it shows that the cost, allowing for the underestimation, has been relatively insignificant in the total cost of a major war and the war machinery. The cost however to the individuals has been considerable with a substantial disability occurring at the prime of life resulting in a significant handicap. It is a continuing legacy that society is responsible for, as a direct result of armed conflict.
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SYKULSKI, Leszek. "OLD METHODS IN THE NEW FRAMEWORK”. STRATEGY OF GREY ZONES IN HYBRID WARFARE." STRATEGIES XXI - National Defence College 1, no. 72 (July 15, 2021): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-5094-21-11.
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The concept of waging conflict in Grey Zones was adopted in the US community of international security analysts several years ago. It refers to the use of primarily non-militaryinstruments to create spaces of deep conflict at multiple social, political, cultural, religious and economic levels. These conflicts take place below the threshold of war. One of the first concepts that we can consider as the genesis of this type of strategy is the concept of rebel wars created in the 1960s, by the Russian strategist, Colonel Yevgeny Messner. This new type of war was to be characterised by the predominance of civilian combat, the key importance of psychological impact and the decisive importance of the use of troops and special services. Messner also pointed to the growing role of terror in the conduct of military operations. Another important feature of the new concept was the “denationalisation of war”. Fighting social groups, military and paramilitary sub-units were to be deprived of recognition marks.Keywords: insurgency wars, asymmetric conflicts, hybrid wars, Yevgeny Messner, grey zones.