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Journal articles on the topic 'War landscape'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Tytarenko, T. M. "PERSONAL LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATIONS FOLLOWING THE TRAUMATIC WAR EXPERIENCE." Ukrainian Psychological Journal, no. 1 (13) (2020): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/upj.2020.1(13).13.

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The personal landscape transformations are defined as the territory of a person 's life, which has special dynamics, structural and functional characteristics, meaningful filling. In addition to specifying the landscape concept, the task was to determine the types of landscapes of combatants after returning from the war. The sample consisted of 91 combatants (higher education cadets and volunteers). We used the written narrative method of the proposed scheme, a conversation, and a focused one-on-one interview. As a result, post-traumatic combatants 'narratives consisted of war-related injuries (41.9%); family treason (24.7%); losses suffered in peace time (23.5%); other difficult life situations (9.9%). The following criteria for determining the type of landscape have been developed: meaningfulness of the past; assessment of the present; a vision of the future; value dominant. There is considered the value-semantic configuration of the individual 's life as an integral indicator of the landscape. The following types of landscapes have been identified: a) existential (differs in the unwillingness to rethink the traumatic past; the inability to assess the present adequately; the inability to construct the future; the dominant for survival); b) family (distinguished by a good understanding of the past; adequate assessment of the present; detailed construction of the future; dominant of meaningful relationships); c) service (differs from family one primarily by the criterion of dominant value – to be useful to the state, to the fight against the aggressor, and to the army); d) self-realization (differs in the main value of self-development); e) pragmatic (distinguished by the major value of career advancement). The most common landscapes are existential and family landscapes (25.0% each); in second place is landscapes of service and self-realization (17.3% each); on the third – pragmatic (13.6%). The hypothesis according to which the direct participation of military personnel in hostilities can act as a trigger for changing the personal landscape is confirmed.

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2

Larsen, Svend Erik. "Landscape, Identity, and War." New Literary History 35, no. 3 (2004): 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.2004.0042.

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3

Chattopadhyay, Swati. "The Landscape of War." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 72, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2013.72.3.289.

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4

Lewin, Kurt, and Jonathan Blower. "The Landscape of War." Art in Translation 1, no. 2 (July 2009): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175613109x462672.

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MATIĆ, UROŠ. "SCORCHED EARTH: VIOLENCE AND LANDSCAPE IN NEW KINGDOM EGYPTIAN REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR." ИСТРАЖИВАЊА, no. 28 (December 27, 2017): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/i.2017.28.7-28.

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Death and destruction of peoples and lands are the reality of war. Since the Old Kingdom the destruction of enemy landscape is attested in Egyptian written sources and the number of attestations increases in the following periods, culminating in the New Kingdom. This is also the period when the first visual attestations of enemy landscape destruction appear. In this paper I will explore the actors, targets and acts concerning violence against enemy landscapes together with the use of landscape elements as metaphors for the violent treatments of enemies during the New Kingdom. The study shows that there are differences in representations of treatments of Syro-Palestinian and Nubian landscapes, which could be related to the reality of war itself, as monumental enemy fortresses did not exist in Upper Nubia, at least not on the same scale as in Syria-Palestine. This real difference went hand in hand with the ancient Egyptian construction of the Other as unsettled. Thus, urban landscapes of Syria-Palestine are objects of violence in the visual record where they are reduced to unsettled landscapes through destruction and desolation. It is also shown that this reality of war is additionally framed through Egyptian rules of decorum ascribing most of the destructions of landscape to the king and only some to the soldiers.

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Lucić, Luka, and Elizabeth Bridges. "Ecological landscape in narrative thought." Narrative Inquiry 28, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 346–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.17076.luc.

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Abstract This study explores how 16 individuals who grew up during the four-year long military siege of the city employ language to make sense of their everyday experiences in Sarajevo following the conclusion of the Bosnian War. Narrative inquiry is employed in this work to study sense-making, a psychological process based in language and situated in interaction with extant social and physical landscapes. During the study, participants wrote responses across the three narrative contexts (1) the prewar, (2) the acute war, and (3) the postwar. Data analyses examine how participants enact ecological landscape in narrative construction through varied use of prepositions across the three narrative contexts. Significantly higher use of prepositions in the acute war narrative context indicates that growing up amidst urban destruction gives rise to thought processes that draw on spatial and temporal relations in order to make sense of radical environmental changes in the landscape of war.

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Printsmann, Anu, Hannu Linkola, Anita Zariņa, Margarita Vološina, Maunu Häyrynen, and Hannes Palang. "Landscape 100: How Finland, Estonia and Latvia Used Landscape in Celebrating their Centenary Anniversaries." European Countryside 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2019-0017.

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Abstract In the aftermath of what was then the Great War several European countries like Finland, Estonia and Latvia gained independence, marking their centenary jubilees 2017–2018. This paper observes how landscapes were used in anniversary celebrations and what historical themes were foregrounded and which omitted, revealing how collective historical commemoration in landscape enacts within national identity framework depending also on how landscape is understood in each respective country.

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8

Harwood, Elain. "Post-War Landscape and Public Housing." Garden History 28, no. 1 (2000): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1587122.

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9

Douglass, Rex W., and Kristen A. Harkness. "Measuring the landscape of civil war." Journal of Peace Research 55, no. 2 (February 15, 2018): 190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343318754959.

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Subnational conflict research increasingly utilizes georeferenced event datasets to understand contentious politics and violence. Yet, how exactly locations are mapped to particular geographies, especially from unstructured text sources such as newspaper reports and archival records, remains opaque and few best practices exist for guiding researchers through the subtle but consequential decisions made during geolocation. We begin to address this gap by developing a systematic approach to georeferencing that articulates the strategies available, empirically diagnoses problems of bias created by both the data generating process and researcher-controlled tasks, and provides new generalizable tools for simultaneously optimizing both the recovery and accuracy of coordinates. We then empirically evaluate our process and tools against new micro-level data on the Mau Mau rebellion (colonial Kenya 1952–60), drawn from 20,000 pages of recently declassified British military intelligence reports. By leveraging a subset of these data that includes map codes alongside natural language location descriptions, we demonstrate how inappropriately georeferencing data can have important downstream consequences in terms of systematically biasing coefficients or altering statistical significance and how our tools can help alleviate these problems.

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10

Bulbeck, F. David. "The Landscape Of The Makassar War." Canberra Anthropology 13, no. 1 (April 1990): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03149099009508490.

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11

WILLIS, GARY. "‘An Arena of Glorious Work’: The Protection of the Rural Landscape Against the Demands of Britain's Second World War Effort." Rural History 29, no. 2 (September 10, 2018): 259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793318000134.

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Abstract:This article explores the development of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England's (CPRE) policy response to the increasing demands for rural land by the armed forces and other war effort-related government departments prior to and during the Second World War. The CPRE was supportive of Britain's war effort, but nevertheless throughout the war sought to remain an effective advocate for the preservation of the rural landscape – a landscape that was regularly evoked by state propaganda to stimulate the population's support for the war effort, yet was subject to alteration and degradation by that very effort. The result was a generally private campaign of lobbying characterised by opposition to some war effort-related proposals for rural land use, acquiescence to others, and consistent efforts to seek to ensure that requisitioned land was returned to its prewar use. Central to the CPRE's capacity to influence was a consultative mechanism created by Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in 1938, which established the CPRE as a stakeholder that government ministries were required to consult with over their proposed use of land in rural areas for airfields, training camps, war industry, and other purposes. The immediate postwar legacy of this work, both for the CPRE and the rural landscape, is also examined. This article therefore contributes, albeit from a tangential perspective, to the growing historiography on the militarisation of landscapes, defined by Coates et al. as ‘sites that have been fully or partially mobilised for military purposes’.2

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Purmer, Michiel. "A landscape history of the Geul Valley: from a farmers’ Arcadia to a multifunctional landscape." Tájökológiai Lapok 17, Suppl. 1 (December 29, 2019): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56617/tl.3569.

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This article describes the role of Natuurmonumenten, a Dutch NGO for nature conservation, in the preservation of cultural landscapes. The case study is the traditional rural landscape of the Geul River, South Limburg, The Netherlands. The Geul Valley was recognized for its natural, geological and Arcadian beauty early in the 20th century. The nature conservationists took action in the early 20th century when industrialization already threatened the area. However, it was only after the Second World War, that nature conservation societies like Natuurmonumenten (Natural Monuments Society) bought parts of the Geul Valley in order to preserve the landscape. The Arcadian argument was strong: not only did Natuurmonumenten buy the flowery meadows, but also a castle, watermills, and ancient farmsteads. All within the paradigm of the traditional landscape. In the decades following the Second World War, however, the surrounding landscape changed dramatically due to increased tourism, intensive farming, growing population, land reallocations, etc. The contrast between the nature reserves and the surrounding parts of the valley grew. Now, in the early 21st century, new challenges arise: will nature management continue to strive for the preservation of the traditional landscape, or will nature development like rewilding take place? Climate change is an important issue and the sustainability of the management of the nature reserves is under discussion. This article uses the Landscape Biography method not only to describe the history of the management of the nature reserves of Natuurmonumenten in the Geul Valley, but also to look at the role of the cultural and natural heritage of this landscape in the transitions to come. The aesthetic aspect of the landscape also referred to like the beauty of the landscape, should play a role in the ongoing debate on the future of these landscapes.

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13

Greco, Elena. "Preserving and promoting the urban landscape." plaNext–Next Generation Planning 2 (April 1, 2016): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24306/plnxt.2016.02.005.

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The issues of promotion and preservation of urban landscapes are increasingly gaining prominence in international cultural and political debates. These issues can lead to tensions, especially for historical cities, partly because the concept of urban landscape as an element of cultural heritage is still to be acknowledged, particularly on a legislative level. Nevertheless, as the paper highlights, this concept was theorized in Europe for the reconstruction of historical cities in the second post-war period. This paper focuses on the French and Italian debates of the post-World War II decades, because they both elaborated concepts of urban landscape which were particularly advanced for the time. This article attempts to demonstrate their possible influence on the contemporary international debate developed by UNESCO between 2005 and 2011. Furthermore, this paper inspects the origins of the concept of the historic centre, developed particularly in Italy during the 1960s, and examines its relationship with the urban landscape. The reasons for the success of the historic centre are highlighted together with the simultaneous failure of the urban landscape at the legislative level, by inspecting the similarities, the divergences, and the historical connection between the two notions.

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14

Bedford, Alison, Richard Gehrmann, Martin Kerby, and Margaret Baguley. "Conflict and the Australian commemorative landscape." Historical Encounters: A journal of historical consciousness, historical cultures, and history education 8, no. 3 (December 22, 2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52289/hej8.302.

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Australian war memorials have changed over time to reflect community sentiments and altered expectations for how a memorial should look and what it should commemorate. The monolith or cenotaph popular after the Great War has given way to other forms of contemporary memorialisation including civic, counter or anti-memorials or monuments. Contemporary memorials and monuments now also attempt to capture the voices of marginalised groups affected by trauma or conflict. In contrast, Great War memorials were often exclusionary, sexist and driven by a nation building agenda. Both the visibility and contestability of how a country such as Australia pursues public commemoration offers rich insights into the increasingly widespread efforts to construct an inclusive identity which moves beyond the cult of the warrior and the positioning of war as central to the life of the nation.

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15

Košir, Uroš. "Rombon: biography of a great war landscape." Journal of Conflict Archaeology 15, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 146–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2020.1919452.

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16

Banham, Cynthia. "Legitimising war in a changing media landscape." Australian Journal of International Affairs 67, no. 5 (November 2013): 605–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2013.817524.

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17

Parsons, Deborah L. "Souls astray: Elizabeth Bowen's landscape of war." Women: A Cultural Review 8, no. 1 (March 1997): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09574049708578293.

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18

Greenberg, Daniel S. "washington War, bioterrorism, and the political landscape." Lancet 358, no. 9299 (December 2001): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)07240-3.

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19

Boerner, Ralph E. J. "Trees as soldiers in a landscape war." Landscape Ecology 26, no. 6 (March 15, 2011): 893–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9597-z.

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20

Bedyński, Wojciech. "Cultural landscape as element of spatial negotiations in a small town: The example of Giżycko, Poland." Journal of Urban Cultural Studies 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00031_1.

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We are used to situations where landscapes are decomposing, changing and disappearing – it is a common side-effect of globalization, migrations, weakening of cross-generational transmission, climate change, rapid and chaotic urbanization processes, etc. However, what happens when the physical part of a landscape remains but the people are gone? After the Second World War, there were several places in Europe where the change of population was in total due to mass exterminations and forced migrations of all nations or groups. One of these was Mazury, where the former German population was moved in 1945 and replaced by Polish immigrants from many different areas. The new community had to reintegrate the landscape and put new narrations to places and objects they found on site. Some of the pre-war characters of the region remained despite an almost complete population shift, which may lead to a conclusion that landscapes have an element of their own biography.

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21

Smith, Christopher. "J.B. WARD-PERKINS, THE BSR AND THE LANDSCAPE TRADITION IN POST-WAR ITALIAN ARCHAEOLOGY." Papers of the British School at Rome 86 (October 26, 2017): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006824621700037x.

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Nothing has so characterized the British School at Rome's approach, from its inception, as the commitment to landscape archaeology in one form or another. This paper discusses the origins of this commitment in the work of Thomas Ashby, but focuses on the major contribution of J.B. Ward-Perkins and the South Etruria Survey. This survey is set in the context both of intellectual developments in landscape archaeology, and the specific circumstances of the BSR, and its Director, after the Second World War. The article traces the impact of this work on subsequent landscape archaeology.

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22

MARKS, SALLY. "Post-war and Pre-war." Contemporary European History 17, no. 2 (May 2008): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777308004402.

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In the aftermath of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attack on the United States, a few book editors seeking a silver lining, however slight, suggested that the global shock might generate a revival of international history. As time passed, works gendering (or engendering) the landscape or re-imagining the city remained dominant in the historical profession. Some international historians addressing very recent periods found a bandwagon and focused on cultural diplomacy, which was largely a post-1945 innovation, but the rest of the field continued to languish. Only time will tell if the optimism of the editors was justified, but whether or not ‘9/11’ (as Americans term it) had any causal role, we now have four studies directed to the international history of Europe in the inter-war era.

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23

Sidorov, Dmitrii. "Visualizing the Former Cold War "Other"." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2009.010104.

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This article discusses contemporary western representations of the former Cold War geopolitical "other," Eastern Europe, conveyed by illustrations in contemporary American world regional geography textbooks. I would like to explore certain geopolitical biases in the pictures' general messages, such as tendencies to highlight the transitional, problematic, and marginal at the expense of the essential and centripetal characteristics and landscapes. Images of Eastern Europe tend to marginalize it from the rest of Europe by minimizing visual references to its physical landscape and its role in European history; overemphasizing local problems connotes the need for the supranational assistance of the expanding European Union. Overall, this article attempts to reveal various Cold War legacies and "marginalizing" tendencies in visual representations of Eastern Europe, thus contributing to the visual and popular cultural turns in geography and geopolitical studies.

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24

Božić, Gordana. "Diversity in ethnicization: War memory landscape in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Memory Studies 12, no. 4 (July 10, 2017): 412–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017714834.

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The article analyzes public commemorations of the 1992–1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina with regard to the naming of the war, the causes and the character of the war, and collective sentiments. My main argument is that the Bosnia and Herzegovina’s memory landscape is discursively simplified and that its diversity remains peripheral in our analysis of war memory sites.

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25

Xu, Li, and Shang-Chia Chiou. "An Exploration of the Cultural Landscape Model of Zhuge Village." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093172.

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Since ancient times, China has adhered to designing human settlement based on the concept of “defending the emperor and safeguarding the ordinary”. With its spatial structure in accordance with the Chinese ancient strategist Zhuge Liang’s art of war “the Diagram of the Eight-Sided Battle Formation” and in line with the terrain of natural landscape, Zhuge Village, the settlement of Zhuge Liang’s descendants in middle Zhejiang Province, has formed a landscape model featuring cultural characteristics. Using literature research, field research, schema cognition and analysis method, this paper investigates and analyzes aspects such as the siting of settlement, spatial layout, landscape images, ritual activities, and landscape changes so as to explore the concepts from ancient art of war to spatial design as well as analyze its landscape forms and the construction of its landscape model. The paper aims to reveal how the designer of Zhuge Village transformed the spatial deployment of the battle formation in the ancient art of war into the spatial landscape model of “living and working in peace and contentment”. In addition, this paper intends to explore the cultural landscape model of the traditional settlement on the basis of Chinese traditional cultural symbol, “the Eight Trigrams”, in hope that it will provide some inspiration for urban public landscape design in China.

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26

Benson, Timothy O. "The Dada Text and the Landscape of War." Dada/Surrealism 23 (July 10, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0084-9537.1358.

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27

Khalaf, Roseanne Saad. "Lebanese youth narratives: a bleak post-war landscape." Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 44, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2013.859899.

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Phelps, Glenn A., and Timothy S. Boylan. "Discourses of War: The Landscape of Congressional Rhetoric." Armed Forces & Society 28, no. 4 (July 2002): 641–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x0202800407.

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29

Kubiszyn, Marta, and Stephanie Weismann. "Urban landscape as biographical experience: Pre-war Lublin in the oral testimonies of its inhabitants." Polish Journal of Landscape Studies 3, no. 6 (October 9, 2020): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pls.2020.6.3.

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For several hundred years, Lublin has developed as a multiethnic city. As a result of World War II and the destruction of the local Jewish community, its urban structure and its cultural landscape were significantly altered. The image of pre-war Lublin emerging from archival documents, pictures, newspaper articles, and individual memories is multilayered. Studies of the oral testimonies of local inhabitants reveal the deeply sensory and cultural components of spatial experiences characteristic of the cultural landscape of pre-war Lublin. This aspect will be presented as a reference point to conduct analyses concerning cultural and social aspects of the perception of Lublin’s urban landscape.

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Passmore, David G., Stephan Harrison, and David Capps Tunwell. "Second World War conflict archaeology in the forests of north-west Europe." Antiquity 88, no. 342 (December 2014): 1275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00115455.

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Concrete fortifications have long served as battle-scarred memorials of the Second World War. The forests of north-west Europe, meanwhile, have concealed a preserved landscape of earthwork field fortifications, military support structures and bomb- and shell-craters that promise to enhance our understanding of the conflict landscapes of the 1944 Normandy Campaign and the subsequent battles in the Ardennes and Hürtgenwald forests. Recent survey has revealed that the archaeology surviving in wooded landscapes can significantly enhance our understanding of ground combat in areas covered by forest. In particular, this evidence sheds new light on the logistical support of field armies and the impact of Allied bombing on German installations.

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Arensen, Lisa. "‘All newcomers now’: Narrating social and material aspects of post-war resettlement in northwest Cambodia." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 47, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463415000454.

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This article examines one Cambodian village's efforts to resettle a war-altered landscape and reconstruct a sense of belonging in the aftermath of war. The resettlement of Reaksmei Songha village entailed physically settling over the sediments and traces of a fractured and violent past, as settlers cleared a landscape of foliage and the explosive remnants of war. Settlers living side by side had often fought on different sides of the war, yet divisive former allegiances were rarely discussed. Instead, a post-war sense of communal belonging was constructed through references to accounts of the resettlement period, focusing upon common elements of struggle and hardship.

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Pătru-Stupariu, Ileana, Marioara Pascu, and Matthias Bürgi. "Exploring Tangible and Intangible Heritage and its Resilience as a Basis to Understand the Cultural Landscapes of Saxon Communities in Southern Transylvania (Romania)." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 1, 2019): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113102.

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Landscape researchers tend to reduce the diversity of tangible heritage to physical aspects of cultural landscapes, from the wealth of intangible heritage they focus on land-use practices which have a direct and visible impact on the landscape. We suggest a comprehensive assessment of both tangible and intangible heritage, in order to more accurately assess the interconnection of local identity and the shaping of cultural landscapes. As an example, we looked at Saxon culture and cultural landscapes in southern Transylvania (Romania), where we assessed features of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, identified their resilience and the driving forces of their change. Our analysis, based on 74 interviews with residents in ten villages in southern Transylvania, showed a high resilience of tangible heritage and a low resilience of intangible heritage. A major factor responsible for changes in the Saxon heritage was a decline in the population at the end of the Cold War, due to migration, driven by political and economic factors. We conclude by discussing the specific merits of such an analysis for integrated landscape management.

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Sim, Lorraine. "A different war landscape: Lee Miller's war photography and the ethics of seeing." Modernist Cultures 4, no. 1-2 (May 2009): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e2041102209000458.

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This essay examines the war photography of Lee Miller in terms of the ways it negotiates ethical challenges integral to the visual documentation of war, and the means by which her photography achieves what Susan Sontag terms an “ethics of seeing” (On Photography). In often eschewing, or figuring in unconventional ways, the horrors of war and directing the viewer's attention to typically unprivileged scenes and moments, I argue that the moral tone and sensibility of Miller's war photography is a function of her complex engagement with ideas, and the subject matter of, the ordinary and everyday. The essay focuses on two bodies of work: Miller's photographs of London during the Blitz which were published in Britain and America in 1941 in the book Grim Glory: Pictures of Britain Under Fire, and some of the photographs she took on the Continent when working as a U.S. accredited war correspondent for British Vogue in 1944 and 1945.

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Prestidge, Orlando, and Orlando Prestidge. "Forêt de Guerre: Natural remembrances of the Great War." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v1i1.71.

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I will discuss the effect that the Great War had on the medieval woodland landscape of France, and how the cataclysmic destruction of the conflict is now represented, remembered and sometimes even preserved by the presence of post-war woodland. The unparalleled quantities of munitions that tore apart the landscape from 1914-1918 had both physical effects at the time, as well as longer-lasting manifestations that we see today. The first use of chemical weapons, along with the problems posed by their disbursement and disposal, also still affect the soil of the Western Front, as well as the trees and plants that traditionally grew in the region. I will also analyse the deeper and far more ancient significance of forests and trees within French culture, and how this has affected the way that people have interacted with the ‘Forêt de guerre’ landscape that grew up to replace that lost during the hostilities. World War I; 1914-18; Archaeology; Anthropology; Folklore; Landscape; Trees; Forests; Zone Rouge; Historic Sites - France

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Maus, G. "Landscapes of memory: a practice theory approach to geographies of memory." Geographica Helvetica 70, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-70-215-2015.

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Abstract. Conceptualised from a practice theory perspective, "landscape" can be employed as an overarching term encompassing otherwise divergent perspectives within geographies of memory: landscape of memory can denote social practice, meaningful materiality, individual experience, and collective imaginations as constituent of localised memory. Using Theodore Schatzki's practice theory, landscapes of memory are described as a social phenomenon: practices of memory contextualise certain places as meaningful in relation to the past. In turning to small Cold War munitions bunkers, by way of example, it is demonstrated how this perspective broadens the scope of geographies of memory to include everyday practices and their relation to collective memories.

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Astashov, A. B. "MOBILIZATION AND SANITATION AT THE RUSSIAN ARMY HOME FRONT IN 1914–1918: SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 2(53) (2021): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-2-27-37.

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Written on the basis of archival sources drawn for the first time, the article is devoted to the problem of changing the sanitary and ecological conditions of the theatre of military operations at the Russian front during the First World War. The aim of the article is to analyze the sanitary and hygienic state of the theatre of military operations on the western outskirts of Russia during the First World War and the factors of its deterioration; to evaluate the effectiveness of combating the negative aspects of the sanitary state of the front-line territory; to identify the actual environmental practices of the front-line territory and their interrelation with the social aspects of the struggle for the improvement of the territory in conditions of total war. The focus is on the pre-war sanitary situation in the western region of Russia, reflecting its cultural and socio-political peculiarities, its exacerbation during the war and mobilization, as well as sanitary and hygienic measures taken both in eliminating epidemics of contagious diseases and in "sanitating" the front-line territory. The issue is considered in the light of total war, which formed a unified, front and rear, landscape of sanitary hazards. Attention is paid to the activities of society, bureaucracy and military commanders, who generally succeeded in transforming the belligerent landscape and localizing the spread of disease. The technical activities of the engineering and sanitary services of the front and rear are described in detail. The author concludes that the Great War was an important impulse and frontier in solving the problem of improving the ecological condition of Russia's western outskirts. During the war, the belligerent landscape was transformed into an anthropogenic landscape, becoming the basis for the area's future infrastructure in terms of sanitation and hygiene

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Parsons, Cóilín. "The Turd in the Rath: Antiquarians, the Ordnance Survey, and Beckett's Irish Landscapes." Journal of Beckett Studies 22, no. 1 (April 2013): 83–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jobs.2013.0059.

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This paper engages with one of the potential sources to which the experience of being lost, or misrecognising the landscape, that is so common in Beckett's work might be traced. Linking Beckett's often ignored early collection of short stories, More Pricks Than Kicks, to the abstract landscapes of the post-war fiction, allows us to trace an interest in unsettled places to a much earlier point in Beckett's work than is usually allowed. The interest in antiquities so prevalent in the early fiction emerges from a larger national conversation in Ireland about the preservation of the Gaelic past in the face of capital's push for abstract space. This work of preservation was begun by the Ordnance Survey in the 1830s, and the Survey's abstract representations of a landscape fractured by colonialism bears many resemblances to Beckett's early landscapes, which this paper traces. The tendency towards placelessness was already a key component of Beckett's most placed early work – he recognised that the landscape of Ireland was radically alienated from itself.

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Krishnan, Siddhartha. "Landscape, Labor, and Label: The Second World War, Pastoralist Amelioration, and Pastoral Conservation in the Nilgiris, South India (1929–1945)." International Labor and Working-Class History 87 (2015): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547915000046.

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AbstractThe upper plateau of the Nilgiris, South India, was a grazed, grassy, and open landscape until the mid-nineteenth century when it was subject to colonial rule and commerce. However, even as it initiated and institutionalized capitalism, colonial rule also sought to selectively and legally safeguard from the material consequences of modernity and capitalism the pastoral lifestyles of the Toda graziers and the open and grassy biophysicality of their principal grazing landscape. Anointed the “Wenlock Downs” and reserved as forest in 1900, conservation policies to preserve this landscape for the amenities it afforded the English gentry significantly influenced policies to ameliorate backwardness associated with the pastoral lifestyles of the Toda. As official policy prior to the Second World War the Toda were encouraged to farm the grasslands to which they were given property rights. After the war, pastoralism gained official preference despite ostensible Toda interest in cultivation. English interests in protecting amenities trumped ameliorative interests. An historical racial standpoint, the pejorative labeling of Toda as indolent, also served strategically during the war as a rhetorical device to make a convincing case for pastoralism as an ameliorative panacea. This article is an historical sociology of bureaucratic discourse on Toda labor and landscape during and immediately preceding the Second World War.

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Pasternak, Donna L. "Vietnam War Landscape: California in Robert Stone's "Dog Soldiers"." California History 79, no. 1 (2000): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25591574.

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Hoffenberg, Peter H. "Landscape, Memory and the Australian War Experience, 1915–18." Journal of Contemporary History 36, no. 1 (January 2001): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002200940103600105.

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NG, LAY SION. "The “Rotten” matter in A Farewell to Arms: An Ecological Gothic reading." F1000Research 10 (December 15, 2021): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.75482.1.

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This article uncovers the gothic tropes manifest in the “rotten” food, human bodies, landscapes, and rain in Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms through an eco-gothic perspective. It demonstrates how the rotten food, the disjointed bodies, the broken landscapes, and the gothic rain can be viewed in the novel as counter-narratives against the narratives of war, the military, and modern medicine. The first part of this article suggests interpreting war as a form of cannibalism by exploring the representations of rotten food and the connection between eating and killing. Next, the author focuses on how the body is fragmented both metaphorically and literally by the discourse of war, the military, and medical science. The third part uncovers the non-anthropocentric consciousness embedded within the protagonist’s narrative, followed by the gothicizing and romanticization of nature in the fourth section. Here, the protagonist’s linking of the human body to the natural landscape, the descriptions of the gothic rain, and the romanticized snow—all these, as the author argues, can be interpreted as a collective resistance against industrial, anthropocentric warfare.

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Weitze, Karen J. "In the Shadows of Dresden." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 72, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 322–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2013.72.3.322.

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In the Shadows of Dresden: Modernism and the War Landscape focuses on British-American test complexes and lithographs devised to understand German and Japanese military targets of World War II. Project sites stretched from England and Scotland to Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Utah, and Florida. Vignettes of Axis-built environments featured only those forms and details that were deemed essential, complemented by the abstracted target maps. Together these models and maps inaugurated a new way of looking at cities and built environments as war landscapes. In this article Karen J. Weitze studies the roles of the participating architects, engineers, artists, and art historians—Marc Peter Jr., John Burchard, Henry Elder, Gerald K. Geerlings, Eric Mendelsohn, Antonin Raymond, Walter Gropius, Konrad Wachsmann, Arthur Korn, Felix James Samuely, E. S. Richter, Paul Zucker, Hans Knoll, Albert Kahn, Ludwig Hilberseimer, George Hartmueller, I. M. Pei, Erwin Panofsky, Paul Frankl, and Kurt Weitzmann—within the setting of the modern movement, and evaluates the historic obscurity of the wartime landscapes against the collective human moment that was Dresden.

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Ng, Lay Sion. "The “Rotten” matter in A Farewell to Arms: An Ecological Gothic reading." F1000Research 10 (November 23, 2022): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.75482.2.

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This article uncovers the gothic tropes manifest in the “rotten” food, human bodies, landscapes, and rain in Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms through an eco-gothic perspective. It demonstrates how the rotten food, the disjointed bodies, the broken landscapes, and the gothic rain can be viewed in the novel as counter-narratives against the narratives of war, the military, and modern medicine. The first part of this article suggests interpreting war as a form of cannibalism by exploring the representations of rotten food and the connection between eating and killing. Next, the author focuses on how the body is fragmented both metaphorically and literally by the discourse of war, the military, and medical science. The third part uncovers the non-anthropocentric consciousness embedded within the protagonist’s narrative, followed by the gothicizing and romanticization of nature in the fourth section. Here, the protagonist’s linking of the human body to the natural landscape, the descriptions of the gothic rain, and the romanticized snow—all these, as the author argues, can be interpreted as a collective resistance against industrial, anthropocentric warfare.

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Tsakiri, Efrossyni, Maria Markou, Konstantinos Moraitis, and Helene Haniotou. "Local development and cultural landscapes: getting to know the inaccessible villages of the greek war of independence." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127401033.

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The cultural landscapes have a dual, material and intangible nature being the result of interactions between people and nature through time. Considering that its understanding requires integrated analysis techniques we experimented a mapping method in «Revolutionary Palimpsests», a research project investigating the cultural landscapes of settlements that played an important role in the Greek War of Independence. Combining design, cartography and visual arts and focusing on socio-spatial complexities, our researchers produced maps of both artistic and informative nature revealing the mnemonic traces of such a historical event on those settlements. Maps’ exhibition in a visual art event is expected to sensitize the public to that local heritage. We argue that the protection and promotion of the cultural landscape plays a significant role in development, strengthening the local identity and commitment, also enhancing the attractiveness, that is essential especially for inaccessible settlements that are facing development deficiencies, such as many mountainous and island settlements in Greece. From about 150 mapped «revolutionary settlements» we will refer below to the example of two inaccessible areas, Souli in Epirus and Mani (Maina) in Peloponnese, exploring the question of whether the protection and promotion of their cultural landscape could contribute to development.

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Jagodzińska, Katarzyna. "Museums as Landscape Activists." Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo 9, no. 2 (2021): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2021.9.2.1.

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The article discusses the issue of the “extended museum”, raising questions about how museums become active actors in current topical discussions on the shape of cities, what their role is in the processes of city management and how this engagement in external spaces affects the overall mission of museums. The point of reference is the ICOM Resolution on the responsibility of museums towards landscape adopted in 2016, which offered museums legitimacy in taking actions with regard to their environment, beyond museum walls. On the grounds of four case studies of Polish museums I present strategies whereby relations between the museum, authorities and communities are negotiated (regarding the protection of post-industrial and Second World War heritage, the contextualisation of socialist heritage and the struggle for greenery).

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Blanchon, Bernadette. "Postwar Residential Housing Landscapes in France: A Retro-Prospective Approach." Housing Reloaded, no. 54 (2016): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/54.a.06j4ieka.

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In the residential districts built after the Second World War, the qualities of landscapes are not, in most cases, taken into account in understanding projects nor are they considered as a resource in renovation projects except as a “compensatory greening” once the main spaces have been divided, privatized and fenced off. We suggest considering this residential landscape heritage as a potentially structuring one, through the landscape approach, based on three levels for interpreting space: that of the relation to the geographic and urban site; that of the neighborhood defined by its open and public spaces; and lastly, that of the materiality of places and practices. We see it as relevant since it is more global and adapted to the current context of projects.

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Munk, Yael. "Ari Folman’s Made in Israel (2001): Traces of Trauma in the Israeli Cinema Landscape." Arts 12, no. 1 (February 14, 2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts12010032.

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In the Israeli collective memory, the Yom Kippur’s battles in the Golan Heights have become synonymous with a long lasting national scar that fails to disappear. Interestingly, until the release of Yaron Zilberman’s recent television series Valley of Tears (She’at Ne’Ila, 2020), this war, which was traditionally associated with the pictured northern landscape, had appeared in few documentaries, but was almost absent from Israeli feature films. This article analyzes one of the very few attempts to deal with this memory, Ari Folman’s feature film Made in Israel (2001). Using a science fiction narrative structure, Folman adopts historian Anita Shapira’s contention about the link between this war and the Holocaust, because both confronted the Jewish people with its fear of extermination. His narrative invites the viewer to participate imaginatively in a road movie set against the snow-covered landscapes of the Golan Heights, where a number of hitmen attempt to catch the last surviving Nazi and bring him to trial in Jerusalem. Interestingly, what begins as a Zionist mission in the hegemonic spaces of the State of Israel gradually transforms into various European landscapes as the snow piles up and the Nazi feels increasingly at home.

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Slyvka, Roman, Liubov Slyvka, and Yaroslava Atamaniuk. "Transformations of the cultural landscape of Donbas during the armed conflict 2015–2017." Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej 6 (December 30, 2017): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2300-0562.06.13.

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The main objective of the article – to show the different trajectories of the cultural landscape in controlled and uncontrolled parts of the war-torn Donbas. The cultural landscape of Ukraine significantly changed during the twentieth century. The main factors of these transformations were ideological, military and geopolitical. The sub-ordinate position of Ukraine within the USSR allowed communist leaders to enforce sovietisation of the cultural landscape. This policy was especially noticeable in the great industrial region of Donbas. Achievements of independence by Ukraine and democratization of country' public life have led to transformation/conservation of the cultural landscape, which corresponded with political culture of individual regions. The war in the Donbas has become a catalyst for the processes of creating different types of cultural landscape on the different sides of the contact line. The policy of creating a cultural landscape has become an instrument of political socialization and mobilization of the population. This process is not complete, and can contribute to the crystallization of new subregional identities on different parts of contemporary Donbas.

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Farstadvoll, Stein, and Gørill Nilsen. "Naturmangfoldloven - vern av løse og "faste" kulturminner fra andre verdenskrig som del av særpreget og karakteren til landskapsvernområder." Primitive Tider, no. 22 (December 15, 2020): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/pt.8397.

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One of the main purposes of The Act of 19 June 2009 No.100 Relating to the Management of Biological, Geological and Landscape Diversity is to protect landscape diversity. Consequently, protection of cultural heritage is also an integrated part of the management of Landscape Protection Areas. Via a case study of the Second World War Luftwaffe storage site at Gjøkåsen, which is part of Øvre Pasvik Landscape Protection Area in Sør-Varanger Municipality, Troms and Finnmark County, the article discusses the difference between sites and objects and how this distinction may influence how or if remains from the Second World War gain legal protection under The Nature Diversity Act. The article concludes that in the future a potentially "greener" management of cultural heritage in Norway must employ an environmental approach where nature and culture are interwoven and not antonymic concepts.

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Heyde, Steven. "History as a source for innovation in landscape architecture: the First World War landscapes in Flanders." Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 35, no. 3 (March 18, 2015): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2015.1008262.

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