Academic literature on the topic 'Wanni complex'

AbstractWe report U—Pb and207Pb/206Pb zircon ages for a granulite facies gneiss assemblage exposed in a large quarry at Ihosy, southern Madagascar. The granulites are derived from pelitic to arkosic sediments and attained equilibrium conditions at 650–700°C and 4–5 kbar. HigherP—Tconditions of 750–800°C and 6 kbar in the presence of low water activities have led to dehydration melting processes. The formation of granitic melts, which (partly) moved away from their source region, intruded into upper parts of the metapelitic gneisses as small granitic veins and left behind granulitic garnet-cordierite-quartz bearing rocks. Detrital zircons in a sample of metapelite and a sample of quartzofeldspathic gneiss yielded ages between ˜720 and ˜1855 Ma, suggesting a chronologically heterogeneous source region and a depositional age of less than ˜720 Ma for these rocks. High-grade metamorphism and anatexis are documented by zircon ages between 526 ±34 and 557 ±2 Ma with a mean age of about 550 Ma. The broad lithologies, metamorphic grades and ages recorded in the Ihosy rocks are similar to those in the Wanni Complex of northwestern Sri Lanka and in high-grade assemblages of southernmost India and support the contention that all these terrains were part of the Mozambique belt which formed as a result of collision of East and West Gondwana in latest Precambrian time.

In this paper, grammatical blending is presented as an alternative to the conventional, linear overlap models of grammaticalization when it comes to conceptualizing complex cases of overlaps. The choice of the ‘emerging modal’ want to/wanna as a case study is motivated precisely by its interpretational complexity. For it appears that the grammaticalization of want to/wanna has been shaped by the compositional interaction of form and meaning. In this configuration, the linear model has to be modified for two reasons: being exclusively semantic, it does not take the form of the expression into account; being linear, it does not lend itself to a treatment of constructional compositionality. Grammatical blending, understood as the blend of constructions as defined in the Construction Grammar framework, is one way of altering the linear model so as to enable the representation of non-linear (i.e. compositional) constructional overlaps.

In this paper certain polynomial inequalities with restricted zeros are given, which generalize and refine some well-known polynomial inequalities due to Ankeny and Rivlin, Dewan, Singh and Mir, Mir, Wani and Hussain and others.

Rice is an important food crop in Indonesia pointing to the fact that majority of 267.7 million of Indonesian people consume rice in daily basis. Among hundreds of rice varieties in Indonesia, Pandan Wangi rice is superior rice cultivar and gains Geographical Indication (GI) certification for its unique characteristics. These attributes largely correspond with previous research finding of rice-eating consumers, which chose special features, quality of rice and certification logo as their rice preference (Sakolwitayanon et al., 2018). Despite the huge potential market and superior quality, the growth of Pandan Wangi rice agribusiness is still low. Previous research identified the need of stakeholder analysis to bring up development of rice agricultural sector (e.g. Spangenberg et al., 2018). However, current stakeholder analysis guideline is considered too general, lack applicability in stakeholder identification and good practice, and need a systematic framework particularly in a complex setting (Wang and Anies, 2019). Karakosta et al. (2017) suggested stakeholders' participatory approach which is capable of providing more accurate result based on key stakeholders' opinion in their specific area of expertise. In particular, Krywkow and Hare (2008) have developed four main phases of participatory processes: first, preparation of problem analysis and stakeholder layer; second, stakeholders' familiarization of problem and planning; third, dialogue among stakeholders to gain more solid information and contribute knowledge; and fourth, gaining response from the participants and validating the results. In view of the above, there is a need to investigate participation of key stakeholders in Pandan Wangi rice value chain as an effort to maximize Pandan Wangi rice business potential. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to develop stakeholder's participatory framework as the guideline tools to solve rice agribusiness growth problem. In particular, we assess preference of rice eating consumers, of which the result will generate input for the framework development and thus, allowing Pandan Wangi rice agribusiness to achieve the expected outcomes. Keywords: consumer preference; geographical indication; participatory framework; rice producer; stakeholders

The island of Sri Lanka is the focus of Neoproterozoic super continent Gondwana. But the geological origin and paleotectonic position of Sri Lanka are least understood without knowing age and provenance of the four main crustal units, the Wanni Complex (WC), Highland Complex (HC), Vijayan Complex (VC) and the Kadugannawa Complex (KC). The study of age and provenance of metaquartzites of the WC and HC, leucosomes and paleosomes of migmatites of the WC, and charnockites of the HC and VC of Sri Lanka and sedimentary rocks of neighboring Proterozoic rift basins like Pranhita-Godavari basin of central India is significant in research on origin of Sri Lanka and also continental evolution to unravel the paleotectonic position of Sri Lanka before Gondwana being amalgamated in the Neoproterozoic. This study examined age of detrital zircon cores and metamorphic rims of metaquartzite, migmatite and charnockite samples along two west to east transects across the island of Sri Lanka as well as sedimentary rock samples from the Pranhita-Godavari rift basin of India using the LA-ICPMS method. The U-Pb zircon isotopic data from metaquartzites of WC ( near WC-HC boundary) and HC demonstrate dominant Mesoarchaean to Paleoproterozoic (2.0-2.8 Ga) detrital input into the metasedimentary make up and near boundary WC and HC metaquartzites were deposited between 2000 Ma and ~550 Ma with a maximum age of deposition ~ 2000 Ma, however a sample from the western WC was deposited in early Neoproterozpoic and mixed with Paleoproterozoic to Neoarchaean detritus indicating WC and HC terranes existed adjacent to each other since early Neoproterozoic and current WC-HC boundary is inaccurate and to be shifted westwards. This study reveals that parent materials of leucosomes of WC migmatitic gneisses are metasedimentary and showing late Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic provenance (0.70-1.15 Ga) with maximum age of deposition at ~700 Ma. But paleosomes of WC migmatites show metaigneous origin with older Mesoarchaean ages (2.85-3.0 Ga) and have been identified in this study as the Mesoarchaean reworked continental basement material of WC. The HC charnockites clearly show metaigneous origin and primary intrusion ages of ~1.82 to 1.85 Ga. whilst a sample from the VC shows metasedimentary origin. A weighted mean of all rim data of WC and HC yields an age of 545.1 ± 9.7 Ma, supporting the age of Ediacaran-Cambrian metamorphism. Metaquartzite rocks of the HC of Sri Lanka are correlated with the Trivandrum Block and Northern Madurai Block of South India and the Itremo Group of Madagascar whilst metaquartzites of the western WC of Sri Lanka are correlated with the Southern Madurai Block of South India and the Molo Group of Madagascar and Sri Lankan metaquartzites were most probably sourced from east African igneous protolith sources. These differences in sedimentary provenance and maximum age of deposition prove and confirm that WC was a different crustal domain from the HC terrane. All this strongly supports a double subduction and collisional geological origin for the island of Sri Lanka with ‘HC orogeny’ occurred when the Southern Madurai Block of India (SMB)-WC and VC Mesoarchaean continental blocks collided with the HC orogenic belt and the oceanic crust of deeper basin of HC had subducted underneath the SMB-WC and VC continental blocks when ancient south Mozambique ocean closed along WC-HC boundary and HC-VC boundary sutures. This study reveals that Sri Lanka’s paleotectonic position could be south east of south India connecting Trivandrum Block to the HC and WC to the Southern Madurai Block. The study also reveals that the Pranhita-Godavari Basin was sourced from Eastern Ghats and Antarctica unlike Sri Lankan terranes were sourced from East Africa indicating Southern Granulite Terrane of India and Sri Lanka were not parts of mainland cratonic India until Ediacaran-Cambrian times.
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2017.

The most effective method for stimulating shale gas reservoirs is horizontal drilling with successful multi-stage hydraulic fracture treatments. Recent fracture diagnostic technologies have shown that complex fracture networks are commonly created in the field. The interaction between preexisting natural fractures and the propagating hydraulic fracture is a critical factor affecting the complex fracture network. However, many existing numerical models simulate only planar hydraulic fractures without considering the pre-existing fractures in the formation. The shale formations already contain a large number of natural fractures, so an accurate fracture propagation model needs to be developed to optimize the fracturing process. In this paper, we first understood the interaction between hydraulic and natural fractures. We then developed a new, coupled numerical model that integrates dynamic fracture propagation, reservoir flow simulation, and the interactions between hydraulic fractures and pre-existing natural fractures. By using the developed model, we conducted parametric studies to quantify the effects of rock toughness, stress anisotropy, and natural fracture spacing on the geometry and conductivities of the hydraulic fracture network. Lastly, we introduced new parmeters Fracture Network Index (FNI) and Width Anistropy (Wani) which may describe the characteristics of the fracture network in shale gas reservoirs. This new knowledge helps one understand and optimize the stimulation of shale gas reservoirs.