Journal articles: 'Walls and columns'

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Zhang, Xun Zhong, Ru Heng Wang, and Wei Hu. "Analysis on Seismic Performance of Frame Columns Reinforced with Wing Walls." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1691.

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Through the ANSYS finite element method, the seismic performance of frame columns reinforced with wing walls has been analyzed, indicating that the wing wall reinforcement can effectively improve the lateral stiffness and remarkably increase the bearing capacity of columns. With the wing wall reinforcement, the envelop area of the column’s hysteresis curve increases, and the bearing capacity improves, however, the shrinking phenomena of the curve suggests that the ductility of the section reduces. When the centerline of the additional wing wall coincides with that of the original column, the hysteresis curve inclines to be full, thus advising overlapping the centerline of the wing wall with that of the original column.

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Luo, Wen Wen, Ying Min Li, Ni Na Zheng, and Na Chen. "Numerical Analysis of Seismic Behavior of Masonry Walls Confined by Precast Tie-Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2429.

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In order to improve the seismic behavior of the rural masonry buildings and reduce the cost and be convenient for construction, a precast tie-column system was put forward, which was suitable for masonry buildings, constructed by fired common bricks or porous bricks. The uniaxial compression constitutive relation of brick masonry was used for simulating the precast tie-column. And this paper analyzed the difference of the seismic behavior of masonry walls which bearing different vertical compressive stress, and confined by cast-in-place tie-columns or precast tie-columns, and whether contain windows or not. The results show that the uniaxial compression constitutive relation used for simulating precast tie-column is reasonable and the seismic behavior of masonry walls confined by precast tie-columns is better than the wall without tie-colums, and equal to those confined by cast-in-place tie-columns.

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Tjitradi, Darmansyah, and Eliatun Eliatun. "Visualisasi Dan Identifikasi Pola Retak Dinding Bata Akibat Penurunan Pondasi Struktur Bangunan Di Kota Banjarmasin." Jurnal Gradasi Teknik Sipil 2, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31961/gradasi.v2i1.575.

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The City of Banjarmasin has very low soil bearing capacity leading to a significant number of buildings experiencing foundation settlement. This causes many elements of the buildings to develop cracks and to lean. The foundation settlement is modelled using ANSYS by taking five building structure models with brick walls loaded with their selves weight. Through this modelling the crack pattern and the stress distribution on both walls and the structural elements can be visualised and identified. The results show that the following columns experiencing foundation settlement develop longitudinal cracks, crack patterns on brick walls are diagonal at every bottom corner of the columns and vertical at the edge of the inner columns if there is no foundation settlement. Crack patterns on brick walls take form of a letter V if only one or two outer column experience foundation settlement, and crack patterns on brick walls also take form of an inverted letter V if only the inner columns or two adjacent columns experience foundation settlement. Foundation settlement experienced by inner columns of a brick wall is a major cause of damage to structural components.

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Tramontin, A. P., A. L. Moreno Junior, and C. R. Oliveira. "Experimental evaluation of the prevention methods for the interface between masonry infill walls and concrete columns." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 6, no. 5 (October 2013): 765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952013000500005.

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Cracks that form at the interfaces between masonry structures are common uncontrolled occurrences in buildings. Numerous methods have been proposed by the construction industry to address this problem. Cracks continuously form in the joints between concrete columns and masonry infill walls. In this study, the most common methods for preventing these types of cracks were evaluated in laboratory experiments. Column masonry models were constructed using different types of joints between concrete columns and masonry infill walls, such as steel bars and steel mesh. The efficiency of each type of joint method was evaluated by performing direct tensile tests (pullout tests) on the models and monitoring the evolution of the crack opening in the joint between the column and wall, as a function of load applied to the model. The results from this study indicate that the model composed of "electrowelded wire mesh without steel angles" is the best model for controlling cracking in the joints between concrete columns and masonry infill walls.

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Wang, Cheng, Yong Kun Luo, and Xiao Long Xu. "Discussion of Different Methods of Strengthening Masonry Walls with Constructional Column." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1098–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1098.

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With the rapid development of economy and the civil engineering discipline, the seismic performance of existing masonry wall can't satisfy the codes and regional seismic requirements. As a result, strengthening the earthquake resistance of it is put on the agenda. Using large-scale finite element software-abaqus, this paper analyzes different methods of strengthening masonry walls by constructional columns. Under the premise of the cross area of the columns used to reinforce is identical, it shows that the wall strengthened by bilateral constructional columns has a better seismic performance than by unilateral constructional column. The ductility coefficient of the former increases 49.4% than the original masonry, while the latter increases 26.3%. The bilateral constructional column could significantly improve the integrity and ductility of the masonry wall, so does the seismic performance. It has engineering sense for the strengthening work.

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Dong, Hong Ying, Wan Lin Cao, Hai Peng Wu, and Fang Fang Xu. "Seismic Behavior of Damage-Reduction Based, Energy Dissipation Composite Shear Walls." Advanced Materials Research 742 (August 2013): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.742.34.

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A new damage-reduction based composite shear wall was proposed. It combines with three different energy dissipation units, which are the CFST column, SP deep beam and RC strip. The CFST column is set to be exposed outside or concealed inside the concrete. CFST columns and SP deep beams constitutes the core structure. During loading, RC strips between columns work with the core structure so as to reduce the damage and consume the energy. Four specimens with different design parameters, including 2 shear walls with exposed CFST columns and 2 with concealed CFST columns, were tested under horizontal cyclic loading. The load-bearing capacity, stiffness, hysteretic property, ductility, and failure characteristic of specimens have been analyzed. Results show that the deformation of this wall is just between that of the slotted shear wall and the entire shear wall. The RC strips reduce the damage and the core structure presents ductile behavior during load. The new wall is designed based on damage-reduction and it shows good seismic energy dissipation mechanics. It can be applied to the design of shear wall in high-rise buildings.

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7

Bai, Yongtao, and Guoliang Bai. "Pseudo-Dynamic and Quasi-Static Testing of an Irregular Steel Concrete Composite Frame with Wing Walls." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 02 (February 25, 2016): 1450095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455414500953.

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This paper presents a series of pseudo-dynamic tests (PDTs) and quasi-static tests (QSTs) on a dual wing-walled frame system, represented here by a 1/7-scaled composite moment frame with steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns and reinforced concrete (RC) wing walls. Special characteristics of this scaled system are irregular story layout, strong-beam weak-column mechanism and large axial load. A series of scaled El-Centro (NS) waves were used as the input ground motion for the PDTs, the results of which showed that the seismic behavior was significantly improved by the RC wing walls. With the strong-beam weak-column connections, severe damages sustained by the longitudinal wing walls (LWW) prevented the potential collapse of column, and the transverse wing wall (TWW) efficiently avoided the fragile shear failure of short columns and panel zone of beam-column joints. The failure mechanisms were identified indicating that wing walls improved the ductility for the bare frame. This study provides a solid experimental support on the evaluation of seismic behavior of irregular SRC frames with RC wing walls, which could be applied in the main factory buildings of thermal power plants (TPP).

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Mickaitis, Marius, and Vytautas J. Stauskis. "VIBRATION TRANSMISSION THROUGH JOINTS OF WALLS AND COLUMNS IN FRAMED BUILDINGS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2005): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2005.9636349.

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Constructional practice has shown that structure‐borne sound transmission through joints can signally reduce airborne sound insulation in buildings. Vibration transmission coefficient evaluates this reduction in design calculations. In this article sound transmission through joints in framed buildings is investigated. Rooms in framed buildings are shaped by walls and ceilings connected to columns. Several walls could be connected to each column in a building plan. Such joints are modelled like idealised plate–beam–plate junctions. Examining vibration transmission through these junctions, the influence of a column must be estimated. The column will resist forces and moments applied by the connected walls. The aim of the paper is to evaluate how various properties of walls and columns influence the vibration transmission loss at joints of buildings. The results are compared with the results of similar junctions without columns.

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9

Wang, Shao Jie, Fu Sheng Liu, Tong Sun, Shun Ke Zhang, and Hong Bin Wang. "Experimental Study on the Axial Compression Capacity of Condensed Column in Composite Masonry Wall." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.578.

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On the basis of summary and analysis of the characteristics of concrete hollow blocks and composite masonry walls, this paper puts forward the concept of composite masonry wall with condensed core columns. Regarding the distance between core columns (s=600mm and s=1200mm) as the main influencing factors, two composite masonry walls were designed and built to carry out the axial compression capacity experimental study. The results of the study show that the composite masonry wall with condensed core columns can greatly improve the ultimate axial compression capacity of the wall, delay the fracture process, and influence the failure modes. In the entire experiment, the deformation of concrete hollow blocks and core columns was basically the same, and can work in coordination. The stress mechanism of the composite masonry wall which had splitting fracture changed from the composite masonry wall to the (weak) frame structure, which finally formed column hinge and got destroyed. The experimental results of this paper can provide a new way for the application of concrete hollow blocks as main wall materials in the field of high-rise buildings. The establishment of axial compression capacity formula and the eccentric compression performance of the composite masonry wall with condensed core columns deserve further study.

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10

Deng, Hongyu, and Baitao Sun. "Finite Element Modeling and Mechanical Behavior of Masonry-Infilled RC Frame." Open Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2016): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501610010076.

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During the analysis of reinforced concrete structures, the infill wall is usually simplified as a diagonal inclined strut to facilitate finite element modeling calculations. However, the actual seismic damage and single frame-filled wall pushover experimental results show that when the earthquake shear force is huge, the top of the infill wall and the beam–column connections are usually, thus the path of the force transfer will be changed. Based on this actual failure phenomenon, a new calculation model which has different contact position between the equivalent bracing walls and the frame columns is generated. Thus, the force analysis is given based on this model, the formulae for calculating the equivalent width of bracing walls, the shear bearing capacity of the wall-filled frame, and the infill wall’s actual participation in the stiffness. A finite element simulation method by ABAQUS is used to determine an empirical formula for calculating the reasonable contact position between the equivalent bracing walls and the frame columns. The verification results show that the finite element model presented in this paper is more reasonable, and the stiffness and shear resistance of infill wall should not be neglected. The calculation formula of stiffness of infill wall presented in this paper is coincided with seismic code. But the calculation formula of shear resistance of infill wall presented in seismic code is higher than the actual value, so it is suggested that calculation formula presented in this paper should be accepted.

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11

Zhang, Jian Wei, Wan Lin Cao, Hong Ying Dong, and Gang Li. "Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Mid-Rise Composite Shear Walls with CFT Columns and Embedded Steel Plate." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2274.

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The shear wall with concrete filled steel tube (CFT) columns and steel plate is a new kind of composite shear wall. In order to know its seismic performance and failure mechanism, six 1/5 scale specimens with the same shear span ratio 1.5, including 3 steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) with CFT columns and 3 reinforced concrete shear walls (RCSWs) with CFT columns and embedded steel plate, were tested under cyclic loading. The thickness of the steel plates in the shear walls changed from 2mm, 4mm to 6mm. Based on the experiment, the load-carrying capacity, hysteresis characteristics, ductility, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation and damage characteristics of the specimens were analyzed. Especially, the ratio of height to sectional thickness of the steel plates in the shear wall was considered. The result shows that both the SPSW with CFT columns and the RCSW with CFT columns and embedded steel plate have good seismic performance and are with important practical engineering value.

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12

Dong, Hong Ying, Wan Lin Cao, and Jian Wei Zhang. "Experimental Study on the Torsional Behavior of RC Composite Core Walls with Steel Tube-Reinforced Concrete Columns and Concealed Steel Trusses Subjected to the Combined Action of Multi-Directional Stresses." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1612.

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An experimental study on the torsional behavior of two 1/6 scale core walls: one reinforced concrete core wall with concealed steel trusses and steel tube-reinforced concrete columns, and one normal reinforced concrete core wall, was carried out under eccentric horizontal cyclic loading. The torsional load-bearing capacity, torsional angle ductility, torsional hysteresis characteristics, torsional stiffness and its deterioration process, torsional energy dissipation and damage characteristics of the two specimens are herein discussed. Results show that the torsional performance of RC core walls can be improved by embedding the concealed steel trusses in the walls and setting the steel tube-reinforced concrete columns as boundary-columns.

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13

Wang, Xinquan, Cong Zhu, Hongguo Diao, and Yingjie Ning. "Structural Behavior of Prefabricated Ecological Grid Retaining Walls and Application in a Highway in China." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (April 24, 2021): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050746.

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The retaining wall is a common slope protection structure. To tackle the current lack of sustainable and highly prefabricated retaining walls, an environmentally friendly prefabricated ecological grid retaining wall with high construction efficiency has been developed. Due to the asymmetrical condition of the project considered in this paper, the designed prefabricated ecological grid retaining wall was divided into the excavation section and the filling section. By utilizing the ABAQUS finite element software, the stress and deformation characteristics of the retaining wall columns, soil, anchor rods, and inclined shelves in an excavation section, and the force and deformation relationships of the columns, rivets, and inclined shelves in three working conditions in a filling section were studied. The study results imply that the anchor rods may affect the columns in the excavation section and the stress at the column back changes in an M-shape with height. Moreover, the peak appears at the contact point between the column and the anchor rod. The displacement of the column increases slowly along with the height, and the column rotates at its bottom. In the excavation section, the stress of the anchor rod undergoes a change at the junction of the structure. The inclined shelf is an open structure and is very different from the retaining plate structure of traditional pile-slab retaining walls. Its stress distribution follows a repeated U-shaped curve, which is inconsistent with the trend of the traditional soil arching effect between piles, which increases first and then decreases. For the retaining wall structure in the filling section, the numerical simulated vehicle load gives essentially consistent results with the effects of the equivalent filling on the concrete column.

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Zhao, Hua Wei, Xiu Qin Cui, and Tong Hao. "Seismic Performance Study of Concrete Porous Brick Wall." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2371.

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Four constructional columns with concrete porous brick walls were constructed for low cyclic loading test. The damage on the characteristics and strength of the wall, hysteresis curve, ductility and other seismic performance were analyzed. Setting constructional columns in the wall at both ends increase the ultimate strength and improve its deformation, ductility and other properties. Meanwhile the height-wide-ratio of wall, axial pressure and other factors on the shear bearing capacity on the wall have been studied. Based on the shear capacity formula of wall in the Structural Seismic Design Code, considering the contribution of the constructional columns on the shear strength, according to the results, the shear capacity formula of constructional columns with concrete brick walls is presented.

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Hutajulu, Marsaulina, Isa Ansary, and Johannes Tarigan. "Pushover Experiment of Portal Structure with Brick Wall without and with Anchor for Non-Engineered Building." Simetrikal: Journal of Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (September 28, 2019): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jet.v1i2.735.

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Based on the findings in almost all earthquakes that hit Indonesia, the damaged and collapsed buildings were simple houses built spontaneously (non engineered building), where buildings are built based on practical experience without structural calculations. One form of damage to non-structural components and structures is the relationship between columns and brick walls, where cracks and separation between columns and walls occur due to no anchor. So the design of buildings in the future is safe from the dangers of earthquakes. For earthquakes that are not too large, the building is likely to remain standing with little damage. However, to anticipate a strong earthquake and reduce the adverse effects, the building of a walled wall must be built according to the provisions of earthquake-resistant building construction by providing reinforcement in certain parts such as mounting anchors from column to wall. To find out how much influence from the installation of the anchor from the column to the brick wall, an experimental study was carried out on the walls completed with a foundation, sloof, column and beam. There were 2 specimens, namely specimen that uses the anchor and do not use anchor, so it is expected to know the behavior of mounting anchors. From the test results obtained that a pushover load of 7540 kg and a displacement of 56.5 mm for specimens using anchor while for specimens that did not use anchor had pushover 5666 kg and a displacement of 48 mm. The conclusion is the installation of anchors between column and brick wall can increase

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Xu, Ming, Yong Qin Yao, Liang Chen, and Zhong Fan Chen. "Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel R.C.Shear Wall." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.708.

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CTSRC (cold-formed thin-walled steel reinforced concrete) shear walls system studied herein is made up of cold-formed steel and concrete. Five shear walls were tested quasi-statically under low cyclic lateral loads. The characteristics including failure modes, hysteretic characteristics, ductility and stiffness degradation are investigated. Analytical result indicates that, the CTSRC shear wall structure possess adequate bearing capacity, good seismic performance and high ductility. Stirrup ratio of the restrained side columns had no significant influence on wall’s bearing capacity, but walls with higher stirrup ratio show higher ductility.

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17

Dong, Hong Ying, Wan Lin Cao, and Jian Wei Zhang. "Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of RC Composite Core Walls with Steel Tube-Reinforced Concrete Columns and Concealed Steel Trusses under Eccentric Horizontal Loading." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2267.

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Two 1/6 scale core walls, including one RC core wall with steel tube-reinforced concrete columns and concealed steel trusses and one conventional RC core wall, were tested under eccentric horizontal cyclic loading. The load-capacity, ductility, hysteresis characteristics, stiffness, stiffness deterioration process, energy dissipation and damage characteristics of the two specimens were compared and discussed in this paper. It shows that the seismic performance of the RC core walls under combined action could be improved by setting the concealed steel trusses in the walls and using the steel tube-reinforced concrete columns as the boundary elements.

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Zhou, Jing Hai, Chao Bi Zhang, and Xian Hong Meng. "Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Recycled Concrete Latticed Wall." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1446.

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The low cycle loading tests of 3 pieces of recycled concrete latticed walls under different side column reinforcements and different axial pressure ratios are conducted. The failure mode, failure process, hysteresis curve, ductility, and energy dissipation of the walls are studied. The experiment results indicate that the failure mode of recycled concrete latticed wall under the cyclic load is shearing failure. It can enhance the ductility of the wall, distortion ability, and the earthquake resistance performance, with increasing the axial load ratio. It can enhance the ultimate load and restrain the crack development by increasing the reinforcement of the side columns.

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Adebar, Perry, Poureya Bazargani, James Mutrie, and Denis Mitchell. "Safety of gravity-load columns in shear wall buildings designed to Canadian standard CSA A23.3." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 11 (November 2010): 1451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-075.

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It has been a Canadian code requirement for 25 years to check whether concrete gravity-load columns can tolerate the building deformations due to the design earthquake; but the way this has typically been done using linear analysis significantly underestimates the seismic demands on gravity-load columns. Concern about the safety of gravity-load columns over the plastic hinge height of concrete shear walls, particularly elongated wall-like gravity-load columns, has resulted in new design requirements in Update No. 3 of Canadian Standard Association (CSA) A23.3–04 issued in August 2009. The current paper provides the background to these new requirements. If nonlinear analysis is not done, closely spaced seismic hoops shall be provided in all columns and walls that support gravity loads, and these members shall meet the same limit on maximum compression strain depth as concrete shear walls. The results of nonlinear analyses were used to validate this simple design rule, and to investigate factors that increase seismic demands on gravity-load columns such as diagonal cracking of concrete shear walls, localized damage of columns from cover spalling and bar buckling, and larger first storey heights. Nonlinear analysis has shown that 2.4 m (8 ft) long columns can lose over 50% of their axial load carrying capacity at an inelastic drift ratio of only 1%.

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Rangwani, Kiran, and Svetlana Brzev. "Seismic Analysis of Confined Masonry Shear Walls Using the Wide Column Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 857 (November 2016): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.857.212.

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Confined Masonry (CM) structural system consists of masonry walls enclosed by reinforced concrete (RC) confining elements (tie-columns and tie-beams) and is usually supported by reinforced concrete floors and roof. This technology has been widely used for construction of low-and medium-rise buildings in Latin America, Europe, South Asia, and Middle East, and it has a proven record of good performance in damaging earthquakes. CM construction is not currently practiced in India and is not addressed by Indian design codes. Seismic analysis of CM wall panels can be performed using Wide Column Model (WCM), also known as Equivalent Frame Model. WCM is a macro model where a wall structure and the supporting floors and roof are idealized as a bare frame. CM walls can be modelled as wide columns with transformed section properties accounting for composite action of masonry and RC tie-columns. Beams in these bare frames have rigid segments simulating the effect of wall stiffness, and flexible segments that simulate the effect of floor and roof slabs. WCM has been recognized as a viable model for seismic analysis of CM buildings in Latin American countries, however this model is not well known in India. The results presented in this paper are based on linear elastic analyses of typical multi-storey CM solid walls and walls with openings. The output parameters include shear forces, bending moments, stiffness, and lateral displacements. A comparison of the results obtained using the WCM and the Finite Element Method (FEM) has been presented. WCM can be useful for seismic analysis of CM buildings since it does not require significant computational effort and can be applied using a variety of software packages.

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Kato, Daisuke, Daisuke Sato, and Tadashi Takamatsu. "Effects of opening location on flexural behavior of RC columns with sidewalls." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 50, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.50.4.547-554.

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Practical use of secondary walls such as sidewalls is common because the contributions of secondary walls for stiffness or strength have been recognized. In 2016, “AIJ Standard for Lateral Load-carrying Capacity Calculation of Reinforced Concrete Structures” was published as a draft by Architectural Institute of Japan. In this standard new equations for columns with side walls were proposed. From this viewpoint, the authors have conducted static loading tests of flexurally controlled RC column specimens with single opening in the sidewall, to investigate the effects of openings on strength and deformation capacity of RC columns with a side walls. In this paper, the limitations on location of openings inside sidewalls to avoid their effects on flexural strength and deformation capacity are examined using design equations for flexural strength based on full plastic moment of the column and sidewall. The test results indicate that the proposed limitation line on location of openings to avoid their effects for flexure could be effective for practical design.

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Dong, Hong Ying, Wan Lin Cao, and Jian Wei Zhang. "Application and Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Composite Core Walls with STRC Columns." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.395.

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According to the structural design in a project in Dalian, experimental study on seismic behavior of composite core walls with steel tube-reinforced concrete (STRC) columns were carried out. Five 1/6 scale composite core wall specimens with different steel reinforced details in the walls and different openings on the walls were designed and tested under cyclic loading. Based on the experiment, hysteretic property, load-carrying capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and damage characteristics of the five specimens were compared and analyzed. The results show that the core walls with STRC columns have good seismic behavior. And the seismic behavior can be greatly improved by setting concealed steel trusses in the walls.

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Simões, Yagho S., Fabio M. Rocha, and Jorge Munaiar Neto. "Numerical analysis of steel columns subjected to fire." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 15, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-06-2018-0117.

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Purpose Isolated steel columns, when exposed to high temperatures, lose strength in a few minutes due to the high thermal conductivity of its constituent material. When these structural elements are embedded in walls, the response to exceptional action is altered so that the compartmentation offers an increase in the fire resistance of the columns. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the behavior of steel columns inserted in walls subject to thermal action in a numerical context. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, the computational code ABAQUS version 6.14, which applies the finite element method formulation to solve engineering problems, was used. Findings The thermo-mechanical modeling, considering the wall only as a compartmentation element, generated few consistent results, leading to the conclusion that the walls influence the structural response of columns in a fire situation. Originality/value There is a lack of both numerical and experimental research works. In numerical modeling, the research works found in the literature had difficulties in developing a numerical model that satisfactorily represented steel columns inserted in walls, not being able to adequately understand their behavior at high temperatures. All of them did not consider the influence of masonry on the thermo-structural behavior of the columns. In this paper, this influence was evaluated and discussed.

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Chen, Zewei, and Rakesh Agrawal. "Classification and Comparison of Dividing Walls for Distillation Columns." Processes 8, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060699.

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A classification method is proposed to classify dividing walls into 5 types. Each type of dividing wall has its unique structural characteristics which impact its total vapor duty, construction complexity and controllability. Based on this classification, a comprehensive guideline to draw optimal dividing wall columns for any n-component distillation is provided.

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Al-Saidy, A. H., A. W. Hago, S. El-Gamal, and M. Dawood. "Strengthening of Historical Stone Masonry Buildings in Oman using Textile Reinforced Mortars." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol14iss1pp23-38.

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Most historical buildings and structures in Oman were built using unreinforced stone masonry. Such structures are prone to damage from seismic activity as these structures have negligible resistance to tensile stresses. This paper presents an exploration of the physical and chemical properties of local building materials and the results of experiments with a new strengthening technique using textile reinforced mortar. Limestone and Sarooj were the main building materials used historically in these buildings. Sarooj is a local Omani term for artificial pozzolana produced by calcining clays. Two mortar mixes were developed, one as the jointing mortar and the second as the matrix mortar. The second part of the study consisted of the construction of three masonry walls and two columns of 0.35 x 0.25 x 1.2 m (width x depth x height). The three walls were strengthened using externally bonded textiles using three different combinations of mortar and textile. One column specimen was kept as a control and the other was fully wrapped with carbon textile reinforced mortar. The walls were tested under out-of-plane four- point bending. All the wall specimens showed a significant improvement in strength up to three times its self-weight and reasonable deformation before failure. The column specimens were tested under axial compression. The failure load and displacement of the strengthened columns increased by seven and three times, respectively, compared to the control column.

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Cao, Wan Lin, Wen Jiang Zhang, Jian Wei Zhang, and Hong Ying Dong. "Test on Embedded Perforated Steel Plate Shear Wall with Concrete Filled Steel Tube Columns." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1450.

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In view of the proposal of embedded steel plate concrete shear wall with concrete filled steel tube columns which contains a new kind shear connector of tie-bars through the circular holes linking concrete layers on both sides of the plate. In order to prove the seismic performance of walls with circular holes on the plate, three steel plate shear wall specimens, including the plate without holes bolted with columns, welded with columns, and the perforated plate welded with columns, were tested under cyclic loading. According to the results, the load-bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation, hysteretic behavior and failure phenomena were analyzed. It is showed that the load-bearing capacity of the three specimens were quite close. However, the wall with perforated steel plate has better ductility, energy dissipation and hysteretic behavior. So, it is an effective way to improve the seismic performance of walls by means of embedded perforated steel plate instead of ordinary ones.

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Li, Li, Ke Jian Ma, Hua Gang Zhang, and Ya Qin Lu. "The Application of Grid-Frame Structures with Specially Shaped Columns in Energy-Saving House Using Phosphorus Gypsum." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.987.

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The feature of the concrete grid-frame structure with specially shaped columns is the frame beams and specially shaped columns in the walls were divided by rib beams and rib columns, then the rib beams, the rib columns, the frame beams and the specially shaped columns together constitute the grid-frame structures with specially shaped columns. The rib beams and the rib columns can share parts of the vertical and horizontal loads which the structure should bear and work together with the frame beams and the specially shaped columns, so make the lateral stiffness of the structure is increased and the ultimate strength, ductility and seismic performance of the structure are improved. Moreover, Phosphorus gypsum will be poured to enclose concrete beams and columns and become the filler wall among them. At the same time, phosphorus gypsum wallboards are used as the middle filler walls to separated rooms flexibly. By doing so, the building is more energy saving. In addition, the phosphorus gypsum which is a type of industrial waste can be consumed and become useful material in construction.

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Xiao, Shi Yun, Hong Nan Li, Yan Gang Zhao, and Jing Wei Zhang. "Seismic Damage Characteristics of RC Shear Wall with Diagonal Profile Steel Braces by Experiment." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 1115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.1115.

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This paper focuses on an experimental investigation and theoretical analysis of different types of RC shear wall with the profile steel braces in two side columns and diagonal profile steel braces of walls subjected to applied repeated cyclic loads. Fifteen RC shear walls with different shear span ratio are tested and their aseismic charactertics are studied. The effect of profile steel bracings on failure property, bearing capacity, ductility and hysteretical characteristic of shear wall is investigated based on experimental results. It is shown that adding the profile steel braces on the boundary column and inner of walls can obviously enhance the ultimate strength of specimens and improve their aseismic characteristics. Finally, the mechanical model of the shear wall is presented and the formulae for calculating the load-carrying capacity are developed. Numerical analyses indicate that the theoretical results agree well with those from experiments.

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Matsui, Tomoya, Taiki Saito, and Roy Reyna. "Basic Study on Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Without Boundary Columns Retrofitted by Carbon Fiber Sheets." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 1008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p1008.

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Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Peru use low ductility walls, with rectangular cross-sections and reinforced with wire mesh and vertical reinforcement bars at boundary ends, as structural elements. These structural elements have no columns, have small amounts of reinforcing bars and are expected to fail in a brittle manner. In this study, a performance verification test is conducted on the use of carbon fiber sheets (CFS) as a retrofitting method for shear walls without boundary columns. The focus is on retrofitting walls that fail in flexural mode. In other words, although an increase in strength cannot be expected, CFS retrofitting can delay the concrete crushing of the shear wall base that occurs during flexural failure; and the aim is to verify this improvement in deformation performance due to CFS retrofitting. From the test, by retrofitting the RC shear wall without boundary columns with CFS, it was found that postmaximum strength deterioration was more gradual, and deformation performance was improved. And Ultimate limit deformation of specimen which was partially retrofitted at the boundary ends of the wall was larger than that of specimen which was retrofitted over the entire wall span.

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Xu, Hu, Hao Wu, Cristina Gentilini, Qi Wang Su, and Shi Chun Zhao. "Experimental Study on Seismic Failure Modes of Confined Masonry Structures with Different Enhancements." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.594.

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In this study, confined masonry specimens with regular arranged openings are tested in order to study the influence of different enhancements of the columns on seismic failure modes. In particular, five brick masonry walls and three half-scale two-storey masonry structures are tested under quasi-static loads. The experimental results show that increasing column ratio improves the seismic behavior of the wall specimens to some extent, but an excessive reinforcement ratio of the columns decreases the ductility. The global failure mode of the two-storey masonry structures is modified by inserting iron wires in the mortar bed joints, improving the structural collapse resistant capacity effectively.

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Wang, Hai Chao, Xi Quan Xu, and Li Jun Zhou. "The Experimental Study on Concrete-Filled Thin-Walled Square Steel Box Short Columns Fixed with Composite Steel Bar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1590.

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The method of construction about the concrete-filled thin-walled square steel box short columns is studied in this paper. Composite steel is designed inside of the concrete-filled thin-walled square steel box short columns. The use of the transverse steel bars’ constraining effect on the concrete and bonding effect on the walls enhances the local stability and bearing capacity of the wall. According to the concrete strength C30/C35/C40 and the thickness of the steel 1.25mm/1.75mm/2.5mm,42 short column specimens are made and the size of all specimens is 200mm×200mm×690mm.The static bearing capacity test is done by the 500-ton electro-hydraulic serve testing machine. The whole curve is made .The composite steel and the thin-walled steel’s strain is tested. The results show that this method of construction has a certain effect on constrainting concrete and bonding effect on the walls, significantly improving their mechanical properties, increasing the carrying capacity and ductility, and it is easy to be accomplished.

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Wang, Qiuwei, Qingxuan Shi, and Yi Tao. "Seismic behavior and shear strength of new-type fired perforated brick walls with high void ratio." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 5 (September 28, 2018): 1035–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218802690.

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A new type of fired perforated brick with void ratio of more than 30% has been developed to improve the applicability of brick masonry structures. When the new perforated bricks are used for load-bearing walls, it will be a question whether the seismic performance of walls could satisfy the requirements under not obviously increasing the cost. This article presents an experimental study to investigate the seismic behavior and shear capacity of new-type perforated brick walls with high void ratio. For this purpose, six cross walls and three longitudinal walls with constructional columns under low reversed cyclic loading were tested, and the failure patterns, hysteretic characteristics, skeleton curves, energy dissipation capacity, ductility and reinforcement strain were observed. The test results indicate that (1) most new-type perforated brick wall specimens display shear failure, and hysteretic curves of cross walls are plump while there is some pinch phenomenon for longitudinal walls; (2) the specimens have considerable deformation and energy dissipation capacity, with displacement ductility factors of over 2.0; (3) the bearing capacity of walls increases but the ductility decreases with an increase of vertical compressive stress, and the bearing capacity and deformation all increase while considering the effect of horizontal reinforcement; and (4) the central brick wall and construction columns could resist shear force together before the peak load, while the shear force would be mainly born by construction columns at the later loading stage. Based on the test results, the constraint coefficient in current Chinese code was modified, and the calculation formula of shear capacity for cross walls was proposed. Comparison of calculated results with test data shows that the method will provide a way to predict the shear capacity of new-type fired perforated brick walls.

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Tripura, D. D., and K. D. Singh. "Mechanical behaviour of rammed earth column: A comparison between unreinforced, steel and bamboo reinforced columns." Materiales de Construcción 68, no. 332 (September 14, 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2018.11517.

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This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of cement stabilized rammed earth (CSRE) column reinforced with steel under axial loading and its comparison with unreinforced and bamboo reinforced columns. Effects of structural parameters such as tie / stirrup spacing on the failure pattern, lateral and axial deformation of columns are studied. Test results show that the load-capacity of columns increases with increase in lateral / tie reinforcement ratio. Maximum axial and lateral deformations occur in columns with least tie spacing. Behavior of CSRE columns reinforced with close tie spacing is characterized by gradual spalling of cover at the failure zone. Steel reinforced columns perform better than other column types in terms of load-capacity; hence it may be used as structural member adjacent to walls for low-rise rammed earth houses. Proposed reinforcement technique can be adopted in the field for enhancement of greater strength and performance of columns.

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Li, Yeou-Fong, Yan-Jie Lin, Cheng-Wei Chen, and Chih-Tsung Lin. "Theoretical and experimental studies on repaired and rehabilitated reinforced concrete frames." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 923–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-012.

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In this paper, an effective repair and rehabilitation working method is proposed for moderately damaged reinforced concrete (RC) building structures after major earthquakes. Three RC frames with nil, half-height, and full-height brick walls are designed and tested at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE), Taiwan. After the columns of these nonductile RC frames are damaged, steel wire cables with nonshrinkage mortar are used to repair the damaged columns, and carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) are used to rehabilitate the damaged columns. A stress–strain relationship of the confined concrete is used in the theoretical sectional analysis. The columns are confined by steel wires and CFRP, and the "equivalent column model" is proposed in this paper and used to analyze the brick walls inside the RC frames. The analytical results can reasonably predict the lateral force–displacement relationships of these RC frames. Key words: nonductile frame, carbon fiber reinforced polymers, steel wire cable, repair, rehabilitation.

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Krupčík, Ján, Ivan Skačáni, Eva Benická, and Pat Sandra. "Dependence of Gas Chromatographic Retention Data of Hydrocarbons on the Film Thickness of the Polydimethylsiloxane Stationary Phase." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 11 (1994): 2390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19942390.

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Kovats indices of cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, separated by capillary gas liquid chromatography on polydimethylsiloxane capillary columns, were found to increase with increasing stationary phase film thickness. This effect is explained in terms of adsorption of the stationary phase on the active sites of the inner surface of the capillary column. Since the number of active sites is limited, the overall polarity of the polydimethylsiloxane stationary phase is better defined in columns with thick stationary phase films. Interlaboratory reproducibility of retention indices of cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons is therefore also better when using capillary columns with thick films of the polydimethylsiloxane stationary phase. Retention data obtained on such thick-film columns are influenced by adsorption of the stationary phase on the column walls to a lesser extent than in columns with thinner films.

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36

Yang, Xinlei, and Hailiang Wang. "Seismic Behavior of Rammed Earth Walls with Precast Concrete Tie Columns." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9739853.

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Rammed earth (RE) constructions are widespread in underdeveloped rural areas in developing countries. However, these RE constructions are often susceptible to earthquake damage due to their poor seismic performance. Precast concrete tie columns and ring beam (tie bars) were proposed to improve the seismic behavior of RE constructions. Four RE walls, including a traditional RE wall and three RE walls with precast concrete tie columns and ring beam (tie bars), were tested under reversed cyclic loading, and the seismic behavior of these tested specimens was evaluated in terms of failure pattern, energy dissipation, displacement ductility, and stiffness degradation. The results showed that a significant increase of the load-bearing and deformation capacity could be achieved with the application of precast concrete tie columns in combination with RE. The load-bearing capacity and deformation capacity of traditional RE wall were increased by an average of 113% and 417%, respectively. These test results could provide reference to the design and construction of the environmental-friendly structures in rural areas.

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Bhowmick, Anjan K., Gilbert Y. Grondin, and Robert G. Driver. "Performance of Type D and Type LD steel plate walls." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 1 (January 2010): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-126.

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A finite element model is developed to study the behaviour of unstiffened steel plate walls. The model includes both material and geometric nonlinearities and strain rate effects. The model is first validated using the results from quasistatic and dynamic experimental programs. The validated finite element model is then used to study the performance of four storey and eight storey steel plate walls with moment-resisting beam-to-column connections under spectrum compatible seismic records for Vancouver and Montreal. Two different steel plate wall types defined in the current Canadian standard CAN/CSA-S16–01 are considered, namely, Type D (ductile) and Type LD (limited-ductility) plate walls. All the Type D walls, designed according to the capacity design provisions, exhibit better inelastic seismic responses than the Type LD plate walls. The analyses of eight storey steel plate walls show that in high seismic regions, such as Vancouver, medium- to high-rise Type LD plate walls may exhibit yielding in columns in intermediate floors. The study also shows that in more moderate seismic regions, like Montreal, Type LD plate walls behave in a stable and ductile manner and can be used for low- to medium-rise buildings.

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38

Rautenbach, A. J., and G. Kornelius. "Mass transfer parameters in spray columns." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 8, no. 2 (March 14, 1989): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v8i2.870.

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To determine mass transfer parameters in spray columns the spray characteristics are required. A photographic technique that allows determination of these characteristics of wash oil sprayed through solid nozzles is described. Special precautions had to be taken because wash oil rendered the column walls opaque. Results are given for a specific nozzle as function of liquid and countercurrent gas flow rate.

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Zhao, Qinyan, Zhongyong Zhang, Jiliang Liu, and Mingjin Chu. "Experimental Study on Precast Concrete Shear Walls with Different Hollow Slabs." Open Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (September 4, 2014): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501408010166.

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To study mechanical behaviors of shear walls built with precast two-way hollow slabs, two shear walls with different details of hollow slabs were quasi-statically tested under low cyclic loading. The failure mode was analyzed, which vertical macro-cracks appeared on walls due to the details of hollow slabs. Brittle shear failure can be avoided in terms of the failure behaviors evolved from integral wall to the combination of wall and columns. Test results also show that that dimension of transverse holes can affect compressive capacity of the walls when it is larger than that of longitudinal holes in the hollow slab.

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40

Al-Mudhafer, Amjad. "Comparative Study of Seismic Response of Short Columns Retrofitted by Steel Jacket, brick wall and FRP Fiber." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 14, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2021.14103.

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Using inter-frame walls sometimes leads to the structure fortification in time of earthquake, but sometimes leads to plastic joint in the column which leads to the structure destruction. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to study and retrofit columns of inter-frame walls of deficient two-story structure, where he was taken in this research four models (Simple, With brick, With FRP, With Steel Jacket). In this work we look for the best retrofitting state of columns of half inter-frame wall by different states of retrofitting including FRP fibers and steel jackets. The analytical method used in this research is nonlinear elastic analysis by ABAQUS Software program. The results were extracted for the shear force with respect to the displacement of the static loads, and the displacement with respect to time was also extracted into the live loads of the four models. It was found that the presence of retrofitting of short shafts using steel jacket and FRP leads to a 3-40% increase in concrete bending framework in the section of shear strength and earthquake resistance.

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41

Zhang, Dan, Zhong Tao, and Lei Zhang. "Performance of low rise concealed truss composite shear walls with external columns." Engineering review 38, no. 2 (2018): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30765/er.38.2.1.

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A review on the previous studies shows that limited analytical or experimental studies on the low-rise concealed truss shear walls with external columns under monotonic loading have already been conducted. The combination of concealed truss was welded to I-shaped steel frame and flat steel support. Two different aspect ratio composite shear walls were tested under static monotonic loading, and the failure mode, bearing capacity, ductility and stiffness were explored. A finite element model was developed and used to simulate the composite shear walls under constant axial load and lateral loading. The comparison of test results confirmed that the finite element model could predict the behavior of composite shear walls accurately. Meanwhile, stress analyses of the specimens were studied to simulate stress distribution of reinforcement, and to analyze the steel of composite shear wall with external columns at different loading stages. Taken together, this study could be a basis for developing an accurately simplified model.

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42

Pierzchlewicz, J. "Modern Concrete Wall-Units with Improved Thermal Resistance for Housing in Hot Climate." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol1iss1pp69-80.

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New wall-units have been designed at the Civil Engineering Department of SQU, with improved and reliable thermal insulation properties for construction of buildings in hot climatic conditions. as in the Sultanate of Oman. The thermal resistance of many types of concrete units has been analyzed. Hundreds of various types of the new concrete hollow blocks as well as six-column sections made of these wall-units have been tested in full scale. The relationship of compressive strength of the new concrete hollow blocks, walls made of these units and cube samples has been investigated. The wall columns have been tested under axial load and with various eccentricities. The types of column failure have been studied. The aim of the test was to determine the characteristic compressive strength of the new concrete hollow blocks and the characteristic compressive strength of masonry made of these hollow blocks. The results of the test have shown that the new wall-units could have been used Successfully for construction of the walls in buildings.

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43

Lee, Sungho, Sangdae Kim, and Taehun Ha. "A Comparative Field Monitoring of Column Shortenings in Tall Buildings Using Wireless and Wired Sensor Network Systems." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9393281.

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A comparative field measurement for column shortening of tall buildings is presented in this study, with a focus on the reliability and stability of a wireless sensor network. A wireless sensor network was used for monitoring the column shortenings of a 58-story building under construction. The wireless sensor network, which was composed of sensor and master nodes, employed the ultra-high-frequency band and CDMA communication methods. To evaluate the reliability and stability of the wireless sensor network system, the column shortenings were also measured using a conventional wired monitoring system. Two vibration wire gauges were installed in each of the selected 7 columns and 3 walls. Measurements for selected columns and walls were collected for 270 days after casting of the concrete. The results measured by the wireless sensor network were compared with the results of the conventional method. The strains and column shortenings measured using both methods showed good agreement for all members. It was verified that the column shortenings of tall buildings could be monitored using the wireless sensor network system with its reliability and stability.

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Yang, Jing, and Wen Fang Zhang. "The Seismic Performance Analysis of Brick Masonry Wall between Windows with Central Reinforced Concrete Constructional Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 1221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.1221.

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To research the seismic performance and failure mode of longitudinal independent brick masonry wall between or not between windows with setting central reinforced concrete constructional columns under the lateral function and vertical load, this paper used ABAQUS finite element analysis software to model the walls between or not between windows and be in stress analysis, obtaining the reaction force- displacement curve of loading location and the maximum horizontal displacement at the top of wall. Calculate and compare the shear strength and flexural capacity of walls. The results show that the brick masonry wall between windows with central constructional columns occurred shear failure, but the wall without windows occurred flexural failure. And compared with the wall between windows, the ductility increased, the shear capacity reduced and the seismic performance improved. Propose that can set up a isolated seam between the windowsill wall and longitudinal wall invented by Zhang Wenfang etc., and turn window wall to wall without windows to improve the seismic behavior of wall between windows.

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45

You, Peibo, Shuaiqi Song, Haiyang Zhang, Lijuan Zhang, Ke Shi, and Yi Wang. "Shear Strength Prediction for SFRC Shear Wall with CFST Columns by Softened Strut and Tie Model." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 29, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8824308.

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The steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) shear wall with concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns is an innovative composite structure. In order to calculate the shear strength of SFRC shear wall with CFST columns, the softened strut and tie model (SSTM) of SFRC shear wall with CFST columns was proposed based on the analysis of shear mechanism of SFRC shear wall with CFST columns. The SSTM was composed of diagonal, horizontal, and vertical mechanisms, in which the contributions of concrete, reinforcement, and steel fiber to the shear strength of SFRC web of shear wall were identified. The shear capacities of 24 shear walls were calculated and compared with the available test results, and reasonable agreement was obtained. The results also showed that the steel fibers distributed randomly in concrete could be treated as longitudinal and transverse reinforcement in the shear strength analysis of SFRC web, and the SSTM was reasonable and useful to analyze and predict the shear strength of SFRC shear wall with CFST columns.

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46

Andreini, Marco, Anna de Falco, Linda Giresini, and Mauro Sassu. "Seismic Consolidation of ’60s Pilotis R.C. Building for Social Housings with SCC-Steel Shear Walls." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1937.

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The reinforcement of a r.c. building for social housing has been achieved by using Steel-Concrete Composite (SCC) walls at the ground floor, preceded by temporary brick pillars for structural deficiency to vertical loads, due to the poor load capacity of the r.c. columns. The SCC walls have been realized first by placing steel columns on both sides of the existing pillars and, after removal of the temporary brick piers, by merging the steel columns in the cast of the new walls. The top of the walls has been connected to the upper floor in order to ensure the diffusion of the seismic forces. Foundations have been reinforced to support the seismic base shear.

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Lei, Zhen, Yong Wang, and Jun Tong Qu. "Shear Performance of FRP-Retrofitted Masonry Wall with Structural Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.288.

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To overcome the shortcoming of unreinforced masonry (URM) structure, structural columns are added in its construction to avoid the sudden collapse. This kind of structures still suffers different degrees of damage in the earthquake. This paper assesses the in-plane shear behavior of masonry walls with structural columns retrofitted with FRP (fiber reinforced polymer). The tests of two half-scaled masonry walls under cyclic loading have been carried out. One wall was served as reference specimen without any retrofitting scheme. Another specimen was tested to the pre-defined damage level and then strengthened with FRP sheets in mixed retrofitted configuration. The shear behavior of retrofitted specimen was discussed and compared with the reference in the aspect of lateral shear strength, maximum displacement and energy dissipation.

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48

Xu, Ming, Zhong Fan Chen, and Wei Jie Zhang. "Experimental Study on the Seismic Behavior of Concrete Composite Bearing Walls." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1090–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1090.

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Concrete composite bearing wall system is an innovated composite structure system, which is assembled by load-bearing walls, enclosure walls and thermal protection and insulation layers. Four concrete composite bearing walls were tested quasi-statically under low cyclic lateral loads. The characteristics including failure modes, hysteretic characteristics, ductility and stiffness degradation are investigated. It is shown that the concrete composite bearing walls possess high strength and ductility. In the elastic stage, the prefabricated slabs and frame could work together very well, and the composite walls exhibited enough stiffness against lateral deformation. With increasing horizontal load, the stiffness of the prefabricated slabs tended to decrease, and finally the composite wall system failed by flexural failure of frame structure with dense columns.

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Fouad, Marco, Mohamed N. Fayed, Gehan A. Hamdy, and Amr Abdelrahman. "Effect of Blast Loading on Seismically Detailed RC Columns and Buildings." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1406–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091733.

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Explosions caused by standoff charges near buildings have drastic effects on the internal and external structural elements which can cause loss of life and fatal injuries in case of failure or collapse of the structural element. Providing structural elements with blast resistance is therefore gaining increasing importance. This paper presents numerical investigation of RC columns with different reinforcement detailing subjected to near-field explosions. Detailed finite element models are made using LS-DYNA software package for several columns having seismic and conventional reinforcement detailing which were previously tested under blast loads. The numerical results show agreement with the published experimental results regarding displacements and damage pattern. Seismic detailing of columns enhances the failure shape of the column and decrease the displacement values compared to columns with conventional reinforcement detailing. Further, the effect of several modeling parameters are studied such as mesh sensitivity analysis, inclusion of air medium and erosion values on the displacements and damage pattern. The results show that decreasing the mesh size, increasing erosion value and inclusion of air region provide results that are very close to experimental results. Additionally, application is made on a slab-column multistory building provided with protective walls having different connection details subjected to blast loads. The results of this study are presented and discussed. Use of a top and bottom floor slab connection of protective RC walls are better than using the full connection at the four sides to the adjacent columns and slabs. This leads to minimizing the distortion and failure of column, and therefore it increases the chance of saving the building from collapse and saving human lives. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091733 Full Text: PDF

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HIRAISHI, HISAHIRO, HIROYUKI TOMATSURI, TOSHIKAZU KAWASHIMA, and YOSHIO INOUE. "DEFORMATION CAPACITY OF MULTISTORY SHEAR WALLS WITH WALL COLUMNS BEYOND FLEXURAL YIELDING." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 395 (1989): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijsx.395.0_48.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Walls and columns'

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