Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wallerstein'

denna textanalys har författarna Jackson (2009) Prosperity without growth – economics for a finite planet och Wallerstein (2004) World system analysis – an introduction analyserats. Syftet med textanalysen är att jämföra Wallersteins och Jacksons texter utifrån deras syn på det nuvarande ekonomiska systemet och möjlighet till ekonomisk frikoppling. Resultat: Ingen av författarna anser att det finns någon möjlighet till ekonomisk frikoppling men anledningarna till detta skiljer sig mellan författarna. Jackson menar att fortsatt ekonomisk utveckling bland annat är viktigt för att finansiera välfärdsinstitutioner. Vissa former av utveckling har oundvikliga inslag av materiellt behov, exempelvis utbyggnad av infrastrukturer. Därav är ekonomisk frikoppling inte möjlig. Enligt Jackson måste mänskligheten söka mening i andra värden än det ekonomiska. Wallerstein menar att det nuvarande ekonomiska systemet är i grunden orättvist och exploaterar bland annat människor i periferin. Det här systemet kan inte repareras, det är först när det nuvarande ekonomiska systemet, som han kallar världskapitalistismen, försvinner som vi vet vilket system som reser sig ur dess aska.
In this text analysis the authors Jackson (2009) Prosperity without growth – economics for a finite planet and Wallerstein (2004) World system analysis – an introduction have been analyzed. The purpose of the text analysis was to compare Wallerstein and Jacksons texts upon their views of the current economic system and its ability to decouple. Result: Either authors believes that there exist a possibility to decouple but the reach this conclusion in different ways. Jackson claims that furtherer economic growths is important to finance welfare institutions. Some forms of development have inherent materiel need such as further development of infrastructure. This is why decoupling isn’t possible. Humankind have to seek different values other the economic ones. Wallerstein claims that the current economic system in its foundation is unfair and exploit people in the periphery and this system can’t be repaired. First when the world capitalistic economy disappears a new system will arise from the ashes.

Dans cette thèse nous avons cherché à prendre la mesure de la rupture épistémologique produite par l’analyse des systèmes-monde dans le champ des sciences sociales à travers l’étude d’un de ses principaux représentants, Immanuel Wallerstein. Dans un premier temps, ses recherches sur les mouvements nationalistes, la décolonisation et les indépendances africaines, se sont inscrites dans le cadre de ce qu’on a appelé la théorie de la modernisation qui corrélait changements sociaux et développement. Un tel modèle reposait sur une philosophie de l’histoire progressiste ordonnant les sociétés pensées comme des entités discrètes sur un axe menant de la tradition à la modernité, de sociétés agraires et rurales pauvres et oppressives pour l’individu à des sociétés urbaines industrielles prospères et individualistes. L’échec du développement des pays africains au cours des années 60 a fait douter Wallerstein de la pertinence de ce modèle. Il a alors cherché à élaborer une théorie alternative de la modernité à l’échelle globale. Au lieu de lire l’histoire mondiale selon le fil d’une modernisation qui serait un processus se réalisant à l’échelle sociétale, il l’a organisée autour de l’échange inégal entre zones exploiteuses et exploitées appartenant à un même système social appelé « système-monde moderne. » L’histoire de la modernité depuis la Renaissance et la conquête de l’Amérique devenait alors celle d’une polarisation continue entre les différentes zones de ce système, sa globalisation à partir de la deuxième moitié du dix-huitième siècle et durant tout le dix-neuvième ne faisant qu’étendre au monde entier l’inégalité entre un centre développé et une périphérie sous-développée. Au-delà de la critique de la théorie de la modernisation et du développementalisme, l’analyse des systèmes-monde a aussi procédé à une remise en cause de l’image progressiste de l’histoire qui s’était imposée depuis la philosophie des Lumières. Le système-monde moderne apparu au tournant du quinzième et du seizième siècle, comme tout système, aura une fin, comme il a eu un début. Nous vivons dans un système social qui en tant que tel est voué à disparaître sans qu’on puisse dire s’il constitue un progrès par rapport aux précédents (jamais aucun système social n’a été aussi inégalitaire), ni s’il donnera naissance à un système qui sera meilleur (en bifurcation chaotique l’avenir est incertain).En élaborant une autre « chronosophie » (Krystof Pomian), une autre « image » (Thomas Kuhn) de l’histoire que celle, progressiste, qui sous-tendait le développementalisme et la théorie de la modernisation, c’est bien une révolution copernicienne et une rupture épistémologique dans les sciences sociales qu’expose l’analyse des systèmes-monde. C’est donc bien un nouveau paradigme qu’elle se propose de constituer, l’œuvre de Wallerstein incarnant le passage des histoires mondiales classiques fondées sur le nationalisme méthodologique et l’idée de progrès, vers les histoires globales actuelles
This PhD thesis aims to study the epistemological break produced by world-systems analysis in the field of social sciences, through the study of one of its major representatives, Immanuel Wallerstein. Initially, his research on nationalist movements, decolonization and African Independences was part of what has been called modernization’s theory. Such a model, built on a progressist philosophy of history, orders societies - perceived as discrete entities - on a linear axis leading from tradition to modernity, from poor and oppressive agrarian societies to prosperous and individualistic urban, industrial societies. The failure of development in African countries during the 1960s caused Wallerstein to doubt the relevance of this model. He then sought to elaborate an alternative theory of modernity on a global scale. In this theory, modernisation - a process realizable on the societal scale - is not the guiding thread to the reading of world history. Rather, world history is organised through the unequal exchange between exploitative and exploited zones belonging to the same social system he called “modern world-system”. The history of modernity from the Renaissance and the conquest of America onwards became one of continuous polarisation between different zones of the system. Its globalisation from the second half of the eighteenth and throughout the nineteenth century expanded inequality between a developed centre and an underdeveloped periphery to the entire world. Further to the critique of modernisation and developmentalism, the world-systems analysis has also called into question the progressive image of history which had been imposed since the Enlightenment philosophy. The modern world-system as it emerges at the turn of the fifteenth to the sixteenth century will have a demise as it had a beginning. As a social system, it is bound to disappear. It does not constitute an improvement with regard to the precedent systems (never has any social system been so inegalitarian) and it is unlikely to breed a better system since in a chaotic bifurcation, the future is uncertain.By elaborating a new “image” (Thomas Kuhn) of history, a new chronosophy (Krzysztof Pomian), the world-systems analysis operates a Copernican revolution and an epistemological rupture in the social sciences with regards to the theory of modernisation presented as the compendium of nineteenth century social science. As such, the world-systems analysis emerges as a new paradigm. Wallerstein’s work constitutes the passage from world histories founded on methodological nationalism and the idea of progress to the current non-Eurocentric global histories

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-177). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

O presente trabalho tentará mostrar resumidamente como o campo do conhecimento e os paradigmas usados para a análise das relações internacionais sofrem grandes transformações, que acompanham aquelas ocorridas na realidade. Temos percebido como os acontecimentos históricos foram construindo as diferentes perspectivas teóricas nas relações internacionais. Mas, por outro lado, o prisma teórico daqueles que formulam a política internacional influencia nas decisões que são tomadas. Assim, a história das relações internacionais confunde-se com a história da sua teoria, num sentido dialéctico. O paradigma emergente ocorre no contexto histórico em que se evidencia a insustentabilidade do nosso modo de vida, contesta e questiona os paradigmas, os conhecimentos que legitimaram o desenvolvimento social e económico da sociedade capitalista na qual tudo se torna mercadoria. Mas também ocorre na contraposição aos princípios do racionalismo cartesiano, de fragmentação, objectividade, linearidade e estabilidade, científico ou positivo. O nosso estilo de vida, alimentado por uma eficaz máquina de propaganda ao serviço de interesses económicos dos poderosos, tem gerado muitas necessidades supérfluas e patológicas acerca do que é necessário para viver, tornando-se incompatível com a realidade existente, que vai dando cada vez mais sinais de saturação e exaustão. Pretende-se, pois, propor um debate acerca da necessidade e possibilidade de uma teoria crítica da ciência, que possa fundamentar as bases do paradigma emergente e, deste modo, participar no processo de emancipação social; ABSTRACT: This work tries to show in a summarized way how the field of knowledge and the paradigms used for the analyses of international relations suffers great transformations, which accompany those occurred in reality. We have been watching the way the historical events have been building the different perspectives of International Relations. But, on the other hand, the theoretical perspective of those who formulate the international politics induces the decisions which are taken. Thus, the history of international relations gets confused with the history of its own theory in a dialectic sense. The emerging paradigm occurs in the historic context in which it reflects the unsustainability of our way of life, challenging and questioning the paradigms, the knowledge that legitimated the social and economic development of the capitalist society, in which everything turns into goods. But it also occurs in the contraposition of the principles of the Cartesian rationalism, of fragmentation, objectivity, linearity or stability, scientific or positive. Our lifestyle, fed by an efficient machine of propaganda working for the economic interests of the powerful, has been generating many superfluous and pathological needs, on what we need to live and becoming incompatible with the existing reality and it is giving us even more signs of saturation and exhaustion. It is intended to propose a debate about the need and possibility of a critical theory of science which can sustain the basis of the emerging paradigm and, thus, participate in the social emancipating process.

This thesis analyzes the influences of three eminent social scientists on Ottoman historiography. Fernand Braudel, Immanuel Wallerstein and Michael Mann are three important scholars, who challenged the paradigms of world historiography in the twentieth century. Nevertheless, whereas the studies of Braudel and Wallerstein made more strong impacts on the area, the influences of Mann remain limited. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the influences of the former two scholars on Ottoman historiography and then to discuss the reasons of relative omission of Mann&rsquo
s perspective in the area. Moreover, it was aimed to make a very brief introduction to a new perspective on Ottoman history according to Mann&rsquo
s original model.

Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
Robert Schaeffer
World-system theorist Immanuel Wallerstein made two theoretical assertions in Historical Capitalism that (a) significant inequalities in the “margin of safety against…endemic dangers and erratic violence” for people in different zones of the world economy persisted over long periods of time and (b) that the “margin of safety” for people in the periphery has actually deteriorated. This study set out to test this theory by examining mortality data for countries in different zones of the world-economy. It identified a set of health-related proxies for “endemic dangers and erratic violence”, infectious diseases (malaria, polio, tuberculosis, and influenza), chronic diseases (cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular), erratic violence (homicide, suicide, and motor vehicle accidents), and also infant mortality and life expectancy for women and men. It gathered data from the United Nations Statistical Division’s Demographic Yearbook for a select sample of countries in different zones of the world-economy (core, semiperiphery, and periphery) from 1950 to 2010, and examined how mortality from these dangers changed during this period. This study found that mortality data for infectious diseases did not provide much support for Wallerstein’s theoretical assertions. But the mortality data for chronic disease and erratic violence provided strong support for Wallerstein’s assertions. The data on life span provided some support for Wallerstein’s first assertion, but not for his second. Overall, the findings generally support Wallerstein’s theories and suggest ways that health-related inequalities might be addressed.

With the onset of the independence of the Pacific Island States, the role of the mass media and their developmental processes began to be examined. This was of particular interest due to the obvious lack of a sufficient native media infrastructure to meet the demands of an indigenous population who were being introduced to a new world sphere and system. The main problem of mass media development in the Pacific lies in the fact that the nations in this area are still relatively behind in the basic structures of media participation. They lack technological knowledge of the various forms of media, the basic training and skills, and, moreover, the monetary means to address such deficiencies in the media. The outcome of this circumstance has been that Pacific media have become increasingly dependent upon the Western, industrialized nations such as the USA, Australia and New Zealand. Such dependence on these foreign nations has given rise to the question of 'cultural imperialism'. The aforementioned countries have a large influence in the Pacific through the unequal relaying of communication and cultural products and in the ownership of mass media agencies. This history of foreign based, imported culture has manifested itself in increased urbanization, social disruption, and greater commodity dependence and consumerism in the Pacific. This study will therefore be an attempt to analyse the media development processes of the Pacific by using Fiji as a case study. The critical analysis will come from Wallerstein's World System perspective. Further, it will be shown how Fiji's historical, involvement in the 'capitalist world economy', and her history of racism in the political and communication aspects of her society have helped shape her present media system. The underlying premise of the argument, will be that these factors have not been beneficial to achieving mass media development based on self-sufficiency, nor on harmony between the ethnic groups of Fiji.

Cette étude vise à montrer que l’entreprise de déconstruction du concept d’« Histoire » ignore ses propres limites. En découle la possibilité de construire une histoire globale qui respecte l’ouverture constitutive du processus historique (prévenant ainsi toute dérive téléologique) tout en transcendant les investigations plus restreintes (l’histoire narrative, locale ou régionale). Notre démonstration comporte quatre moments : après avoir mis en valeur la nécessité méthodologique d’une histoire globale, nous confirmons sa compatibilité épistémologique avec les normes relatives à l’histoire scientifique. Nous engageons ensuite sa construction en produisant des catégories suffisamment souples (inspirées de la théorie des systèmes-mondes) pour épouser le mouvement historique dans son ensemble sans le figer. Enfin, nous mesurons la pertinence expérimentale de cette grille catégorielle à partir d’une étude du capitalisme contemporain
This study shows that the deconstruction of the concept of History ignores its own limits. From this diagnosis emerges the possibility of building a global history that respects the intrinsic incompleteness of the historical process—avoiding, thus, any teleogical divergence—while transcending restrictive investigations (narrative history, local history, regional history). This demonstration is composed of four parts: after having shown the methodological necessity of a global history, we confirm it’s epistemological compatibility with the standards of scientific history. We then engage in a reconstruction of global history by producing categories (inspired by the “world-systems” theory) that are flexible enough to conceive of the historical process in its entirety without paralyzing its dynamic. Lastly, we demonstrate the experimental significance of this categorical table through a study of contemporary capitalism

I uppsatsen kommenteras en egen översättning av utdrag ur Roland Barthes fackartikel Éléments de sémiologie. Denna avser följa Immanuel Wallersteins regler för termöversättning av human- och socialvetenskapliga texter samt riktlinjer framtagna av the Social Science Translation Project (2006). Källtexten präglas av explicita referenser till andra texter. Två uttryck för detta som här tas upp är citat och explicit intertextuella termer (i synnerhet det senare). Den första frågeställningen är om ett mottagande intertextuelt fält kan användas för att översätta dessa. Det visar sig vara ett väsentligt redskap, men inte självtillräckligt eller entydigt. Den andra är hur de med hjälp av detta redskap valda målspråkstermerna förhåller sig till Nuopponens och Pilkes (2016) kriterier för ”goda termer”. Analys av de målspråkstermer som valts, vilka är låneord, visar att olika klasser av låneord har tendens att hänga samman med vissa typer av terminologiska för- och nackdelar.
The thesis is a commentary of my own translation of an excerpt of Roland Barthes article Éléments de sémiologie. Its aim is to follow Immanuel Wallerstein’s rules for translation of terms in social sciences as well as the guidelines developed by the Social Science Translation Project (2006). The orignal text is characterized by explicit references to other texts. Two elements that will be presented in the thesis are quotes and explicitly intertextual terms (with a focus on the latter). The first question is if a receiving intertextual field could be used to translate these elements. It turns out to be a fundamental tool, but not self-sufficient or unequivocal. The second question is how the chosen terms of the target language, with help from said tool, relate to Nuopponens and Pilkes (2016) criteria for ideal terms. An analysis of the chosen terms of the target language, which are borrowings, shows that different groups of borrowings tend to be associated to certain types of terminological pros and cons.

I uppsatsen kommenteras en egen översättning av utdrag ur Roland Barthes fackartikel Éléments de sémiologie. Denna avser följa Immanuel Wallersteins regler för termöversättning av human- och socialvetenskapliga texter samt riktlinjer framtagna av the Social Science Translation Project (2006). Källtexten präglas av explicita referenser till andra texter. Två uttryck för detta som här tas upp är citat och explicit intertextuella termer (i synnerhet det senare). Den första frågeställningen är om ett mottagande intertextuelt fält kan användas för att översätta dessa. Det visar sig vara ett väsentligt redskap, men inte självtillräckligt eller entydigt. Den andra är hur de med hjälp av detta redskap valda målspråkstermerna förhåller sig till Nuopponens och Pilkes (2016) kriterier för ”goda termer”. Analys av de målspråkstermer som valts, vilka är låneord, visar att olika klasser av låneord har tendens att hänga samman med vissa typer av terminologiska för- och nackdelar.
The thesis is a commentary of my own translation of an excerpt of Roland Barthes article Éléments de sémiologie. Its aim is to follow Immanuel Wallerstein’s rules for translation of terms in social sciences as well as the guidelines developed by the Social Science Translation Project (2006). The orignal text is characterized by explicit references to other texts. Two elements that will be presented in the thesis are quotes and explicitly intertextual terms (with a focus on the latter). The first question is if a receiving intertextual field could be used to translate these elements. It turns out to be a fundamental tool, but not self-sufficient or unequivocal. The second question is how the chosen terms of the target language, with help from said tool, relate to Nuopponens and Pilkes (2016) criteria for ideal terms. An analysis of the chosen terms of the target language, which are borrowings, shows that different groups of borrowings tend to be associated to certain types of terminological pros and cons.

This thesis addresses aspects of Romanian society and cinema, by analyzing post-communist films through the perspective of marginality. The central hypothesis of this study refers to the ways in which films illustrate conditions of post-communist Romanian society, as they consider representations of the periphery through the angle of allegories of marginality. Following a long tradition, especially in literary studies, where it refers to the overt insertion of symbolic meanings, allegory refers in this study to a less noticeable delivery, by using a postmodern interpretation of the concept. This translates to detecting a latent meaning in films, by interpreting them in a broader context pertaining both to the film's circumstances (production, distribution and reception), and to the broader framework of the film's content. What connects post-communist Romanian films is a concern for matters of marginality, as they focus on dissensions in society, intergenerational conflicts, youth and limited opportunities of social movement, and the use of satire as a way of handling the bleak conditions of life. Aiming to provide a realistic representation of post-communist life, new wave Romanian films focus on the mundane reality of everyday life. The films discussed in this thesis expand beyond the scope of the new wave, and present a diversity of aesthetic approaches and relating perspectives on allegory—from distinct to obscure—defined by the contextual conditions of post-communism.

This Master's Thesis deals with the famous work of a Clash of Civilizations by Samuel Huntington. The topic is described to full extent. First of all, there are defined basic terms connected with culture. Afterwards, the conception of a Clash of Civilizations is described in its basic concepts, whereas there are not omitted consequences connected with the author's other works as well as his life. A special chapter is dedicated to the impact that this work caused. This chapter is devided into two parts. In the first part, there are presented general references of several authors. In the other part, there are discussed comprehensive conceptions of certain authors. Concretely, they are represented by Francis Fukuyama, Immanuel Wallerstein, Alvin Toffler and Michael Novak. After description of basic ideas of these big thinkers, there is made a comparison of their conceptions, which is based on the following terms -- universalism, democracy a capitalism, world order and modernization. In the last part of this Master's Thesis, there are deduced conclusions from the comparison of these conceptions that deal with the international system, which makes this issue more clear for both public and academic people.

This thesis purports to critically analyze Wallerstien’s world-systems theory, to test its strengths and weaknesses and establish its reliability as a world politics theory, thereby reviving Marxism in general. The study employs a qualitative research method to go deep into the underlying logic of the theory.In an endeavor to tackle the matter at hand, five criteria of analysis are employed to examine the merits and demerits in specific areas of the theory. This involves looking at the structure of the theory, the period of the emergence of capitalism, the unit of analysis, the coherence of the arguments and processes of the theory and the reliability of the world-systems theory in contemporary world politics. The main conclusion of the study is that the world-systems theory is reliable when used to explain three themes in world politics. These are global inequality, dependency and sovereignty.

Celem rozprawy jest zbadanie i przedstawienie warunków możliwości współczesnej refleksji makrohistorycznej, tak jak przedstawia się ona w trzech dziełach (Fernanda Braudela, Immanuela Wallersteina oraz Gillesa Deleuze’a i Felixa Guattariego), poświęconych historii kapitalizmu jako procesu powszechnodziejowego. Poprzez opisanie warunków możliwość makrohistorii rozumie się analizę ogólnej formy, w jakiej mieszczą się narracje historyczne wymienionych autorów, wydobycie reguł konstrukcji przedmiotów rozwijanych przez nich opowieści oraz wyjaśnienie, dlaczego myślą oni o dziejach w taki akurat sposób. Zamiar ten realizuje się wychodząc z założenia, że makrohistoria nie daje się zdefiniować ani przez odniesienie do jakiegoś zestawu uniwersalnych problemów, ani jako dziedzina należąca do określonej dyscypliny akademickiej, ale że uwarunkowana jest przez historycznie względny sposób rozumienia zmienności ludzkiej rzeczywistości, właściwy specyficznie naszej epoce i kulturze. Genezę i aktualne ukształtowanie tak pojmowanego pola epistemicznego współczesnej makrohistorii bada się w odwołaniu do dwóch typów dyskursów o dziejach – filozoficznego i historiograficznego. W efekcie analiz przeprowadzonych w pierwszej części pracy, stwierdza się przede wszystkim, po pierwsze, że narracyjna forma historiografii nie stoi w zasadniczej sprzeczności z refleksją abstrakcyjną i poszukiwaniem jakichś ogólniejszych regularność bądź praw rządzących zmianą społeczną oraz, po drugie, że XIX-wieczna profesjonalizacja poznania historycznego, która towarzyszyła narodzinom współczesnego sposobu pojmowania dziejów, uwarunkowana została przez głęboką przemianę epistemiczną polegającą na uhistorycznieniu wszystkiego, co empiryczne. W efekcie historia ukonstytuowała się jako nauka pozbawiona własnego przedmiotu teoretycznego, ale zarazem na różne sposoby uprzywilejowana przez olbrzymi zakres problemów, które może stawiać i zdolność do nawiązywania owocnej współpracy z większością dyscyplin szczegółowych. W drugiej części rozprawy, odpowiednio do tej problematycznej kondycji nauki historii oraz w odniesieniu do dwóch jej XX-wiecznych nurtów – historii społecznej i historiografii marksistowskiej – warunki możliwości makrohistorii zostają przedstawione jako trzy typy ogólnych problemów, kształtujących charakter szczegółowych pytań, które stawiają sobie dziś makrohistorycy. Braudel, którego prace interpretowane są w szerszym kontekście francuskiej szkoły Annales, zmaga się z problemem całości złożonej. Wallerstein, postrzegany jako przedstawiciel analizy systemów-światów, formułuje problem właściwej jednostki analizy, którą, jak dowodzi, w epoce globalizacji może być tylko cały świat. Deleuze postrzega historię jako wydarzanie się teraźniejszości, które jest aktualizacją całej przeszłości. W rezultacie porównawczej analizy koncepcji tych myślicieli przedmiot „makrohistorii” zostaje określony ściślej przez zastąpienie tej jego roboczej nazwy trzema pojęciami – „historii totalnej”, „historii globalnej” oraz „historii uniwersalnej” – które lepiej oddają jego współczesne warunki możliwości. Dowodzi się również, że maszynistyczna ontologia Deleuze dostarcza adekwatnych pojęć dla opisu rzeczywistości konstruowanej przez tego typu makrohistorię i jej procedur badawczych, stanowiąc tym samym wysoce interesującą propozycję filozofii historii. Ponieważ zrekonstruowana przeze mnie refleksja makrohistoryczna stawia przed starym wyzwaniem stworzenia historii uniwersalnej, które podejmuje jednak przy użyciu opisanych, nowych środków badawczych, a pojęciem którego najczęściej używa się, by całościowo uchwycić wydarzanie się nowoczesności jest „kapitalizm”, w trzeciej części rozprawy analizie poddany zostaje sposób, w jaki właśnie kapitalizm staje się wyróżnionym przedmiotem historii totalnej Braudela, historii globalnej Wallersteina oraz historii uniwersalnej Deleuze’a i Guattariego. Pokazuje się przede wszystkim, że „kapitalizm” jako kategoria historyczna konstruowany jest inaczej niż jako pojęcie ekonomiczne lub socjologiczne, a mianowicie ujmowany jest materialistycznie i funkcjonalistycznie jako pewien szczególny tryb działania, który cechować możne bardzo różne, nie tylko gospodarcze, układy społeczne. Po drugie, interpretowani autorzy uważają narodziny kapitalizmu za wynik wyjątkowego, zupełnie przypadkowego zbiegu okoliczności, któremu przypisują jednak uniwersalne znaczenie jako leżącemu na pewnej, dającej się wykreślić przez całe dzieje, ale zarazem niekoniecznej, linii rozwojowej. Pokazane zostaje, że te dwie techniki pisania makrohistorii kapitalizmu znajdują spójny wyraz w historii uniwersalnej Deleuze’a i Guattariego. Autorzy ci kapitalizm opisują jako „maszynę diachroniczną” i twierdzą, że na najgłębszym poziomie to właśnie ona warunkuje formy współczesnej refleksji historycznej.
The aim of the thesis is to investigate the conditions of possibility of contemporary macrohistorical reflection, as they presents themselves in three major works (one by historian Fernand Braudel, second by sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein and third by philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari) concerning the history of capitalism as a world historical process. A description of the conditions of possibility of macrohistory is understood as an analysis of a general form that shapes the historical narrations of the mentioned authors in order to establish the rules of construction of theoretical objects of histories they write and to explain why do they think about history in this manner. This aim is realized based on the assumption that macrohistory cannot be defined either by a reference to some set of generic questions or as a field belonging to a particular modern academic discipline, but that it is conditioned by historically relative mode of understanding of variability of human reality which is specific to our age and our culture. The genesis and current configuration of this epistemic field of contemporary macrohistory is investigated in reference to two types of discourses on history – philosophical and historiographical ones. As a result of the analyzes carried out in the first part of the dissertation it is claimed above all that, firstly, the narrative form of historiography is not in a fundamental conflict with an abstract reflection that searches for regularities or some more general laws of social change and, secondly, that the nineteenth-century professionalization of historical knowledge that gave birth to the modern way of understanding history as an academic discipline, was conditioned by a profound epistemic transformation in which History become the fundamental mode of being of all empiricities (instead of being simply a compilation of factual successions or sequences). Because of that transformation history was constituted as a “strange” science without its own theoretical object, but at the same time favored in different ways by the vast range o problems that a historian can address and by his ability to establish a fruitful cooperation with the majority of specific disciplines. In the second part of the thesis, accordingly to this problematic condition of science of history and in reference two of its twentieth-century trends – social history and Marxist historiography – the conditions of possibility of modern macrohistory are presented as three types of general problems that shape the nature of more specific questions posed today by macrohistorians. Braudel, whose works are investigated in the broader context of the French Annales School, was struggling with the problem of society as a complex totality. Wallerstein, a representative of the world-systems analysis, formulated the problem of appropriate unit of analysis which, as he demonstrated, in the era of globalization can only be the whole world. Deleuze sees history as becoming of the present which is a process of an actualization of whole past. As a result of comparative analysis of the concepts of these thinkers the general subject matter of “macrohistory” is defined more precisely by replacing its operational name with three notions – “total history”, “global history” and “universal history”. This concepts reflect the contemporary conditions of possibility of macrohistorical thinking more accurately. It is also argued that Deleuze’s ontology (with its central concepts of social machines and assemblages) provides adequate terms to describe the reality constructed by such macrohistory and its testing procedures, thus providing a highly interesting proposal of philosophy of history. Because macrohistorical reflection reconstructed in such a way confronts with the old challenge of thinking the universal history, and because “capitalism” is a concept which is used most often in order to capture the whole event of modernity, in the third part of the thesis I analyze the way in which “capitalism” is constructed as a preferred subject of Braudel’s total history, Wallerstein’s global history and Deleuze’s and Guattarie’s universal history. It is shown first of all that "capitalism" as a historical category is constructed differently than as an economic or sociological concept, namely, that it is formulated in a materialistic and functionalistic way as a very particular mode of operation that can characterize very different, not only economic, social arrangements. Second, it is shown that the discussed authors see the birth of capitalism as a result of a unique, completely random coincidence, but they ascribe to it a universal meaning as to lying on some historical line of development which didn’t have to be necessarily realized but can be plotted throughout whole history. It is argued that these two techniques of writing macrohistory of capitalism are consistently reflected in the universal history developed by Deleuze and Guattari. This two authors describe capitalism as a "diachronic machine" and argue that at the deepest level this machine is what conditions our mode of perceiving historical variability and so also determines the form of the modern scientific historical reflection.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
比較教育研究所
87
Through theoretical analysis and historical approach, this thesis attempt to interpret the main concepts of World Systems Theory of I. Wallerstein and its application in comparative education. Analytically purposes of this research are as follows: 1. To trace origins and basis of World Systems Theory. 2. To explore the main concepts of World Systems Theory. 3. To probe origins and application of comparative education's World Systems Analysis. 4. To criticize World Systems Theory and its application for comparative education research. 5. To synthesize the above-mentioned and to afford suggestions for comparative education research. After the analysis and discussion on the documents and materials related to both structuralism and comparative education, the conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The rise of World Systems Theory reflects reaction to developmentism. Its background comes from Marx、Braudel and dependence theory . 2. The main concepts of World Systems Theory include world-system、division of labor、nation-systems、cyclical rhythms and secular trends，through these concepts explaining the change of capitalism. 3. World Systems Analysis of comparative education adopts main concepts of World Systems Theory. They proceed from culture dependency to neocolonialism between center and periphery. 4. World Systems Theory and World Systems Analysis provide a completely analytic framework, but theory premise maybe over simplify.　 Based on the above-mentioned findings, the following recommendations are proposed:　1. Comparative education research should adopt "unidisciplinary" concept of World Systems Theory, integrating comparative research and historical approach to comparative education. 2. Comparative education research should use "world-system" and "nation-state" of comparative unit.3. Comparative education should deal with division of labor research except industrialization states and the third world states and semi-peripheral. 4. Comparative education should proceed education research of "long duree" to obtain cyclical rhythms of education change. Besides, it may analysis how the core make use of education to proceed peripheral process. 5. Comparative education research can apply whole or part analytic framework of World systems theory to explain research result.

The study deals with European medieval contact combat, which is often unjustly overlooked and underestimated. It places medieval wrestling and the techniques of medieval hand-to-hand combat systems into the wider context of global development and qualitatively assesses their technical level. In historiographical literature, martial arts used by medieval wrestlers, just like any other medieval martial arts, are often regarded as a mere connecting link between the advanced ancient combat and complex Renaissance combat systems. However, such assessment is rather the result of logical premises, not a detailed analysis. The study does not regard medieval combat as a complete and imperfect interlude on its way towards ever-more perfect formations. On the contrary, the study aims to find and explore several phases and systems, various qualitative levels that medieval combat systems went through and which emerged from the heterogeneous conditions of different time epochs. The study will explain the reasons of the transformation from ancient combat activities into medieval systems and it will reveal and explain their particular forms and contents on specific examples. It will also stress the fact that each peak phase of development of any martial art fully meets the needs of the war field and self-defence...

Problemem badawczym niniejszej rozprawy doktorskiej są sposoby konceptualizacji kategorii systemu międzynarodowego w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych (NSM). W tym celu autor podjął się badań wybranych koncepcji teoretycznych powstałych na gruncie tej nauki w drugiej połowie XX wieku oraz w początku XXI wieku. Praca ma charakter analizy politologicznej, toteż rozpatrywane były w niej teorie stosunków międzynarodowych operujące kategorią systemu, powstałe przede wszystkim na gruncie nauk o polityce. Podstawową metodą badawczą uczyniono interpretatywną analizę projektów badawczych (research design) i teorii formułowanych w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych oraz analizę treści (content analysis) tekstów oraz istniejącego na ich podstawie dyskursu naukowego. Wykorzystano również metodę porównawczą, w celu zestawienia rozmaitych interpretacji kategorii systemu międzynarodowego. Praca składa się z siedmiu rozdziałów. Rozdziały 1-4 zasadniczo porządkując dorobek teoretyczny dyscypliny, zbudowany w pierwszych dekadach jej istnienia, rozdziały 5 i 6 stanowią analizę współczesnych trendów rozwojowych nauki o stosunkach międzynarodowych w optyce teorii systemowych. Analiza dokonywana jest z perspektywy kategorii systemu międzynarodowego, interpretacji jej zastosowania, funkcji, roli. Rozdział 7 jest podsumowaniem rozważań, przedstawia próbę odpowiedzi na zadane pytania badawcze i weryfikuje przyjęte w rozprawie hipotezy.
The research problem of the dissertation refers to conceptualization of the "international system", understood as the crucial notion of the discipline International Relations. Author has conducted research focused on chosen theoretical concepts formed within international relation theories developed since the 1950s. Dissertation has theoretical framework inspired by political analysis, thus primary systemic theories analyzed in it have been considered through political science's glasses. Essential methods used in this project were research design analysis, content analysis, comparative analysis and - to some extent - scientific discourse analysis in order to provide credible interpretation of international system within contemporary discipline of international studies. Dissertation consists of seven chapters. First four chapters provide reconstruction of analytical systems' tradition in international relations. Chapters 5 and 6 refer to a contemporary IR developments in the field of system theories. Chapter no. 7 contains summarize, verification of research questions and hypotheses.

In this thesis, the author deals with the World-system theory by I. W allerstein et al. In the first part, the theries are reconstructed and systematized. The circumstances of the developement of the theories are analyzed and the W oddsystem theory is shown from the perspective ofits structure and dynamics. The autor analyzes the development ofthe World-system at the time ofits existence and interprets the position of the particular regions in it. The World-system perspective is employed to interpret such trends as the rise ofWestem Europe and North America, the downfall and the following rise of Eastem Asia, the stagnation of South America and the downfall of Africa. The author also describes the dynamics and the structure oftoday's world from the World-system theory point ofview. In the second part, the author focuses on the critical interpretation and tries to put the World-system theories in the context of other sociological theories. He also compares the World-system theory with Marxism and the systemic approach. The most frequent critical objections to the World-system theories are systemized. Besides interpreting the past and the presence, the theories aim to predict the future development ofthe human society, which is criticized here. By showing other theories inspired by Wallerstein, the author...

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
In 1959 the popular Revolution of national liberation and independence triumphed in Cuba, extended a few years later into a Marxist-Leninist strategy for building socialism and communism on the island. In this radical social and political context, conditions were ripe for a radical alternative approach to secondary school education. This research confirms and extends existing evidence and analyses, showing that the model of secondary schooling established in revolutionary Cuba shared fundamental aspects of dominant models throughout the world. In particular, Cuba’s revolutionary schools are shown to have adopted a similar approach to mass education, as an investment in human capital and citizen formation. In the analysis of this historical phenomenon, a world-systems geocultural approach is used to describe and explain the non-exceptional form and character of Cuba’s secondary schools. The approach synthesises world-system level economic and cultural aspects, within the concept of a world-systems ‘geoculture’ of development, describing how these interrelated influences historically conditioned secondary school education policy and practice in Cuba. This process is traced through the impact of the world-economy, and related world-systems geocultural assumptions and objectives, over the political economy of Cuba’s socialist project, with direct implications for secondary school education. The world-system level conditioning influence on school policy and practice is shown to have been mediated by the particular national conditions, such that features specific to Cuba’s secondary schools are identified within the broad framework and constraints of the world-system level influence. The world-systems geocultural approach provides a viable, historical account of secondary school policy and practice in revolutionary Cuba. General continuity is identified, in accordance with the broad, world-system level influence. The historical analysis demonstrates the need for a world-system level approach, and supports the need to include world economic and cultural factors, under the geocultural framework.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
In 1959 the popular Revolution of national liberation and independence triumphed in Cuba, extended a few years later into a Marxist-Leninist strategy for building socialism and communism on the island. In this radical social and political context, conditions were ripe for a radical alternative approach to secondary school education. This research confirms and extends existing evidence and analyses, showing that the model of secondary schooling established in revolutionary Cuba shared fundamental aspects of dominant models throughout the world. In particular, Cuba’s revolutionary schools are shown to have adopted a similar approach to mass education, as an investment in human capital and citizen formation. In the analysis of this historical phenomenon, a world-systems geocultural approach is used to describe and explain the non-exceptional form and character of Cuba’s secondary schools. The approach synthesises world-system level economic and cultural aspects, within the concept of a world-systems ‘geoculture’ of development, describing how these interrelated influences historically conditioned secondary school education policy and practice in Cuba. This process is traced through the impact of the world-economy, and related world-systems geocultural assumptions and objectives, over the political economy of Cuba’s socialist project, with direct implications for secondary school education. The world-system level conditioning influence on school policy and practice is shown to have been mediated by the particular national conditions, such that features specific to Cuba’s secondary schools are identified within the broad framework and constraints of the world-system level influence. The world-systems geocultural approach provides a viable, historical account of secondary school policy and practice in revolutionary Cuba. General continuity is identified, in accordance with the broad, world-system level influence. The historical analysis demonstrates the need for a world-system level approach, and supports the need to include world economic and cultural factors, under the geocultural framework.