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1
Sonnenfeld, E. M., T. J. Beveridge, and R. J. Doyle. "Discontinuity of charge on cell wall poles of Bacillus subtilis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 875–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-163.
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When cell wall poles of Bacillus subtilis were treated with dilute cationized ferritin, label was found only at discrete patches. Since cationized ferritin binds to negatively charged groups, the pole regions that retain label most likely represent localized surface sites of high electronegativity, indicating that the cell wall of B. subtilis is, at least, partially differentiated.
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Di Tommaso, Stefania, Sherrie Wang, and David B. Lobell. "Combining GEDI and Sentinel-2 for wall-to-wall mapping of tall and short crops." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 12 (November 18, 2021): 125002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac358c.
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Abstract High resolution crop type maps are an important tool for improving food security, and remote sensing is increasingly used to create such maps in regions that possess ground truth labels for model training. However, these labels are absent in many regions, and models trained on optical satellite features often exhibit low performance when transferred across geographies. Here we explore the use of NASA’s global ecosystem dynamics investigation (GEDI) spaceborne lidar instrument, combined with Sentinel-2 optical data, for crop type mapping. Using data from three major cropped regions (in China, France, and the United States) we first demonstrate that GEDI energy profiles can reliably distinguish maize, a crop typically above 2 m in height, from crops like rice and soybean that are shorter. We further show that these GEDI profiles provide much more invariant features across geographies compared to spectral and phenological features detected by passive optical sensors. GEDI is able to distinguish maize from other crops within each region with accuracies higher than 84%, and able to transfer across regions with accuracies higher than 82%, compared to 64% for transfer of optical features. Finally, we show that GEDI profiles can be used to generate training labels for models based on optical imagery from Sentinel-2, thereby enabling the creation of 10 m wall-to-wall maps of tall versus short crops in label-scarce regions. As maize is the second most widely-grown crop in the world and often the only tall crop grown within a landscape, we conclude that GEDI offers great promise for improving global crop type maps.
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Rogers, Gregory S., and John J. Frett. "ORGANELLE-SPECIFIC LOCALIZATION OF IPTASE IN TRANSGENIC NICOTIANA." HortScience 31, no. 6 (October 1996): 912C—912. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.6.912c.
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Nicotiana transformed with the isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens was fixed for 1 h in 1% glutaraldehyde and 4% formaldehyde. Ultrathin sections were collected on nickel grids. Grids were treated with polyclonal anti-IPTase antibody raised in rabbits and visualized with 10 nm, protein-A–labeled colloidal gold. Gold label was found throughout the cell, including the cell wall, vacuole, rough ER, and organelles. Cell wall and vacuole labeling appears to be due to non-specific binding and is greatly reduced by a BSA block. Mitochondria and chloroplasts also showed gold label, but not greater than established background levels. Labeling above background levels on the rough ER, free polysomes, and further label in the free cytoplasm indicate a cytoplasmic role for IPTase.
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Messner, Robert, and Christian P. Kubicek. "Synthesis of cell wall glucan, chitin, and protein by regenerating protoplasts and mycelia of Trichoderma reesei." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-036.
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The synthesis of constituent polymers of the cell wall by either growing mycelia or regenerating protoplasts of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 was investigated by following the incorporation of radioactive precursors of the individual polymers (i.e., N[14C] acetyl-glucosamine, [3H] and [14C]glucose, [14C]mannose, and [35S]methionine) into individual fractions. N-Acetyl-glucosamine and glucose were found to become specifically incorporated into cell wall chitin and glucan by both mycelia and regenerating protoplasts, indicating the activity of chitin and glucan synthases in both systems. Cell wall glucan from regenerating protoplasts, however, consisted only of α-glucan and specifically lacked β-glucan which is found in mycelial cell walls. Mannose became metabolized to glucose before its label appeared in the cell wall, and was thus unsuitable for specific labelling. [35S]Methionine was found in a small (< 21 kDa) polypeptide from the first alkali-soluble cell wall fraction, but also in cell wall bound secretory proteins, i. e., β-glucosidase. These results indicate that cell wall biogenesis in T. reesei, in contrast to a report by other authors, is similar to that of other filamentous fungi. Key words: Trichoderma reesei, protoplast regeneration, cell wall polymer, β-glucan, cell wall protein.
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Di Guilmi, A. M., J. Bonnet, S. Peiβert, C. Durmort, B. Gallet, T. Vernet, N. Gisch, and Y. S. Wong. "Specific and spatial labeling of choline-containing teichoic acids in Streptococcus pneumoniae by click chemistry." Chemical Communications 53, no. 76 (2017): 10572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc05646j.
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Koh, Jia Xin, Keyu Geng, and Donglin Jiang. "Smart covalent organic frameworks: dual channel sensors for acids and bases." Chemical Communications 57, no. 74 (2021): 9418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc03057d.
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Beise, Frank, Harald Labischinski, and Hans Bradaczek. "On the Relationships between Molecular Conformation, Affinity towards Penicillin-Binding Proteins, and Biological Activity of Penicillin G-Sulfoxide." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 9-10 (October 1, 1988): 656–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-9-1006.
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Abstract The binding capacity of penicillin G-sulfoxide towards the penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) of Staphylococcus aureus H was studied. The sulfoxide and its parent compound, penicillin G , differ only in two aspects, the sulfur-bound oxygen and an altered conformation of the five-membered thiazolidine-ring system. These minor alterations of the penicillin structure resulted in a drastical decrease of binding activity (about two orders of magnitude) of the sulfoxide derivative towards its target enzymes. Furthermore, the sulfoxide did not exhibit the selectivity of subinhibitory doses for PBP 3, as could be observed for penicillin G . The biological consequences of this behaviour were monitored via growth curves, uptake of cell wall label, and analysis of the cell wall. Binding studies revealed that comparable growth inhibition and impairment of cell wall label uptake were achieved by at least a 100-fold higher penicillin G-sulfoxide concentration, compared to its parent compound. In cell wall analysis, the application of high doses of the antibiotics, i.e. nearly saturated PBP , verified the above mentioned observation. Surprisingly, small but significant differences in cell wall composition occurred using subinhibitory doses, probably due to the altered affinity towards PBP 3, supporting the hypothesis of an important role of this PBP in peptidoglycan transpeptidation.
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Mackey, Brandon, and Vernon T. Mackey. "Successful Deoxycholate Acid Use in a Male Patient for Resistant Lower Abdominal Wall Fat." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 4, no. 4 (July 12, 2020): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.4.4.12.
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In this patient off-label Kybella was effective in improving the contour and removing excess lower abdominal fat after two treatments. While off-label use of Kybella is commonly used every day by physicians across the United States (8, 10), it is not well represented in the literature (9). This case is presented to aid in the discussion of new, safe, noninvasive treatment techniques in which healthcare demand and delivery has outpaced publication and literature support.
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Gu, Hongjun, He Gong, Chunxue Wang, Xiaoqiang Sun, Xibin Wang, Yunji Yi, Changming Chen, Fei Wang, and Daming Zhang. "Compact Inner-Wall Grating Slot Microring Resonator for Label-Free Sensing." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 5038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19225038.
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In this paper, we present and analyze a compact inner-wall grating slot microring resonator (IG-SMRR) with the footprint of less than 13 μm × 13 μm on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform for label-free sensing, which comprises a slot microring resonator (SMRR) and inner-wall grating (IG). Its detection range is significantly enhanced without the limitation of the free spectral region (FSR) owing to the combination of SMRR and IG. The IG-SMRR has an ultra-large quasi-FSR of 84.5 nm as the detection range, and enlarged factor is up to over 3 compared with the conventional SMRR. The concentration sensitivities of sodium chloride solutions and D-glucose solutions are 996.91 pm/% and 968.05 pm/%, respectively, and the corresponding refractive index (RI) sensitivities are 559.5 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and 558.3 nm/RIU, respectively. The investigation on the combination of SMRR and IG is a valuable exploration of label-free sensing application for ultra-large detection range and ultra-high sensitivity in future.
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Zhang, Yaowen, Linsheng Huo, and Hongnan Li. "Automated Recognition of a Wall between Windows from a Single Image." Journal of Sensors 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7051931.
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To avoid the time-consuming, costly, and expert-dependent traditional assessment of earthquake damaged structures, image-based automatic methods have been developed recently. Since automated recognition of structure elements is the basis by which these methods achieve automatic detection, this study proposes a method to recognize the wall between windows from a single image automatically. It begins from detection of line segments with further selection and linking to obtain longer line segments. The color features of the two sides of each long line segment are employed to pick out line segments as candidate window edges and then label them. Finally, the images are segmented into several subimages, window regions are located, and then the wall between the windows is located. Real images are tested to verify the method. The results indicate that walls between windows can be successfully recognized.
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Hazan, L., G. Focht, N. Gavrielov, R. Reichart, C. Friss, R. Cytter Kuint, D. Turner, and M. Freiman. "P269 Harnessing Natural Language Processing for Structured Information Extraction from Radiology Reports in Crohn's Disease: A Nationwide Study From the epi-IIRN." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 18, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2024): i633—i634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad212.0399.
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Abstract Background Large-scale analyses of imaging in Crohn's disease (CD) hold promise for advancing research on the inflammatory burden in the bowel as well as developing predictive models of disease progression. However, the lack of structured human annotations in these datasets limits the ability use these for research. This study from epi-IIRN nationwide cohort, aims to develop and evaluate Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms for extracting structured information from unstructured radiology reports on CT and MR enterography. Methods We identified radiology reports of all patients diagnosed with inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in the nationwide epi-IIRN cohort, which includes data from the four Israeli HMOs, covering 98% of the population. We developed an in-house NLP platform using a publicly available Hebrew pretrained BERT model. After annotating a small portion of the reports for validation, we fine-tuned the model on our dataset through a masked language task, followed by a few-shot approach based on the Next Sentence Prediction (NSP) pretraining objective for classification model fine-tuning. The platform extracts radiological indicators related to inflammation, stenosis, and location, including wall thickening, enhancement, lumen narrowing, and dilation in the following locations: jejunum, ileum, colon, sigmoid, and rectum. We validated our models using a 5-fold cross-validation experimental setup, employing accuracy, PPV, NPV, F1 score and Cohen’s kappa score as the evaluation metrics. Results We extracted 9,704 radiology reports (6,299 MRE, 2,405 CTE) of 7,062 IBD patients (5,972 were diagnosed with CD, and 1,076 with ulcerative colitis). The mean age on the first imaging study was 36.8±17.1 years and 52% were male. We selected 500 studies for being annotated for the radiological indicators. The most common label was wall thickening in the ileum (215 positive patients vs.285 negative) while the least common was lumen narrowing in the jejunum (1 positive patient vs. 499 negative). Table 1 summarizes the results and label distributions. The mean [95% CI] accuracy/PPV/NPV/F1/Cohen's kappa score averaged over all labels was 0.98 [0.95,1]/0.99 [0.96,1]/0.83 [0.56,1]/0.86 [0.6,1]/0.63 [0.16,1]. The labels with the highest F1/Cohen's kappa score were wall thickening, enhancement, and narrowing in the Ileum while the label with the lowest F1/Cohen's kappa score were dilation in the Colon and the Jejunum. Conclusion NLP methods can extract structured information from radiology reports with high accuracy. Few-shot approaches based on the Next Sentence Prediction can alleviate the need for large scale data annotation for training. NLP offers exciting possibilities for large-scale studies utilizing imaging data in CD.
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Ouellette, Guillemond B., Mohamed Cherif, Marie Simard, and Louis Bernier. "Histopathology of Fusarium wilt of staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. callistephi race 3. I. Modes of tissue colonization and pathogen peculiarities." Phytoprotection 86, no. 3 (June 15, 2006): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013074ar.
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Abstract Light and transmission electron microscope studies of naturally infected or inoculated staghorn sumac plants by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. callistephi race 3 are reported. Diverse extrinsic material (including latex in some instances) or elements occurred in vessel lumina. Some of this material labelled for pectin, often in association with tyloses, as did other opaque matter in paratracheal cells, related to alterations of their protective layer. Pronounced alterations of pit membranes of bordered pits occurred, with their outer portions disrupted into bodies of opaque matter, strongly labelled for cellulose, and their middle portions as unlabelled shreds. Similarly labelled opaque bodies occasionally occurred on vessel walls and lumina. Direct penetration of host cell secondary walls by the pathogen occurred, but these were degraded to any extent only following intramural invasion. Vessel walls, at all stages of infection, were lined with variously structured matter: in their thinnest forms, by single or paired, equidistant or widely spaced opaque bands, and in their thickest forms as alternating opaque and less opaque layers. Other thin elements, often enclosing opaque material, vesicular structures, or occasionally particles of ribosomal appearance were also delineated by similar but frequently infolded bands. These elements were sometimes observed to be confluent with fungal cells and to label for chitin. Many fungal elements were bound by only a thin or defective lucent wall layer, practically unlabelled for chitin, or by a locally thickened, labelled one; labelling for this substrate was also frequently associated with the fungal cell outer opaque wall layer or with some outer extracellular matter. Fine filamentous structures, connected to fungal cells, to the vessel lining matter, and to these other elements, extended into host walls. The lining itself generally did not label for cellulose or chitin. These observations are discussed in comparison with similar observations made regarding other wilt diseases that we have studied.
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HUGHES, D., S. TALWAR, I. B. SQUIRE, J. E. DAVIES, and L. L. NG. "An immunoluminometric assay for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: development of a test for left ventricular dysfunction." Clinical Science 96, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0960373.
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Measurement of plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been used to assess left ventricular dysfunction and prognosis. Levels of the N-terminus of the precursor of BNP (NT-proBNP) have been reported to be elevated to a greater extent than BNP in left ventricular dysfunction. We have devised a non-radioactive sensitive and specific assay for NT-proBNP based on a competitive ligand binding principle. The chemiluminescent label 4-(2-succinimidyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl-10-methylacridinium 9-carboxylate fluorosulphonate was used to label peptides representing domains in the middle and C-terminal sections of NT-proBNP. Assay of the C-terminal section of NT-proBNP (amino acids 65–76) in patients with proven left ventricular dysfunction [left ventricular wall motion index median 0.9 (range 0.3–1.4)] revealed elevated values [median 639 (386–911) fmol/ml] compared with normal controls [left ventricular wall motion index of 2 in all, NT-proBNP median 159 (120–245) fmol/ml, P< 0.001]. Measurement of the middle section of NT-proBNP (amino acids 37–49) was not a discriminating test. It is thus possible to derivatize small peptides with a methyl acridinium label and preserve immunodetection with specific antibodies. Such methodology may allow non-radioactive immunoluminometric assays to be devised.
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Ouellette, G. B., R. P. Baayen, H. Chamberland, M. Simard, D. Rioux, and P. M. Charest. "Cytochemical Labeling for Fungal and Host Components in Plant Tissues Inoculated with Fungal Wilt Pathogens." Microscopy and Microanalysis 10, no. 4 (August 2004): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927604040796.
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Antibodies to detect pectin in present investigations attached to distinct fibrils in vessel lumina. In carnation infected with an isolate ofFusarium oxysporumf.sp., labeling of pathogen cells also occurred; in a resistant cultivar (cv.), it was coincident with proximate pectin fibrils and linked to altered fungal walls, which was the opposite in the susceptible cv., indicating that hindrance of pathogen ability to degrade pectin may be related to resistance. Labeling of the fungus in culture was nil, except in media containing pectin, showing that pectin is not native to the pathogen. Labeling of fungal walls for cellulose in elm (inoculated withOphiostoma novo-ulmi) and carnation also occurred, linked to adsorbed host wall components. The chitin probe often attached to dispersed matter, in vessel lumina, traceable to irregularly labeled fungal cells and host wall degradation products. With an anti-horseradish peroxidase probe, host and fungal walls were equally labeled, and with a glucosidase, differences of labeling between these walls were observed, depending on pH of the test solution. Fungal extracellular matter and filamentous structures, present in fungal walls, predominantly in another elm isolate (Phaeotheca dimorphospora), did not label with any of the probes used. However, in cultures of this fungus, extracellular material labeled, even at a distance from the colony margin, with an anti-fimbriae probe.
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Rae, Angus E., Xiaoyang Wei, Neftali Flores-Rodriguez, David W. McCurdy, and David A. Collings. "Super-Resolution Fluorescence Imaging of Arabidopsis thaliana Transfer Cell Wall Ingrowths using Pseudo-Schiff Labelling Adapted for the Use of Different Dyes." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 10 (August 6, 2020): 1775–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa102.
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Abstract To understand plant growth and development, it is often necessary to investigate the organization of plant cells and plant cell walls. Plant cell walls are often fluorescently labeled for confocal imaging with the dye propidium iodide using a pseudo-Schiff reaction. This reaction binds free amine groups on dye molecules to aldehyde groups on cellulose that result from oxidation with periodic acid. We tested a range of fluorescent dyes carrying free amine groups for their ability to act as pseudo-Schiff reagents. Using the low-pH solution historically used for the Schiff reaction, these alternative dyes failed to label cell walls of Arabidopsis cotyledon vascular tissue as strongly as propidium iodide but replacing the acidic solution with water greatly improved fluorescence labeling. Under these conditions, rhodamine-123 provided improved staining of plant cell walls compared to propidium iodide. We also developed protocols for pseudo-Schiff labeling with ATTO 647N-amine, a dye compatible for super-resolution Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) imaging. ATTO 647N-amine was used for super-resolution imaging of cell wall ingrowths that occur in phloem parenchyma transfer cells of Arabidopsis, structures whose small size is only slightly larger than the resolution limit of conventional confocal microscopy. Application of surface-rendering software demonstrated the increase in plasma membrane surface area as a consequence of wall ingrowth deposition and suggests that STED-based approaches will be useful for more detailed morphological analysis of wall ingrowth formation. These improvements in pseudo-Schiff labeling for conventional confocal microscopy and STED imaging will be broadly applicable for high-resolution imaging of plant cell walls.
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Domozych, David S., Hannah Brechka, Alicia Britton, and Marc Toso. "Cell Wall Growth and Modulation Dynamics in a Model Unicellular Green Alga—Penium margaritaceum: Live Cell Labeling with Monoclonal Antibodies." Journal of Botany 2011 (February 16, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/632165.
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Penium margaritaceum is a unicellular charophycean green alga that possesses cell wall polymers similar to those of land plants. Several wall macromolecules of this alga are recognized by monoclonal antibodies specific for wall polymer epitopes of land plants. Immunofluorescence protocols using these antibodies may be employed to label specific cell wall constituents of live cells. Fluorescent labeling persists for several days, and this attribute allows for tracing of wall epitopes in both long- and short-term studies of cell development. Quantitative analysis of surface area covered by cell wall polymers is also easily performed. We show that significant cell expansion caused by incubation of cells in low levels of osmotically active agents like mannitol, glucose, or sucrose results from the inability of cells to undergo cytokinesis but does not result in significant changes to the amount of new cell wall. We also demonstrate that cells can be maintained for long periods of time in culture medium supplemented with specific cell wall-degrading enzymes where notable changes to wall infrastructure occur. These results demonstrate the great potential value of Penium in elucidating fundamental events during cell wall synthesis and modulation in plant cells.
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Huang, Weinan, Yating Nie, Nan Zhu, Yifan Yang, Changqing Zhu, Minbiao Ji, Di Wu, and Kunsong Chen. "Hybrid Label-Free Molecular Microscopies for Simultaneous Visualization of Changes in Cell Wall Polysaccharides of Peach at Single- and Multiple-Cell Levels during Postharvest Storage." Cells 9, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9030761.
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Softening of fruit during the postharvest storage, which is mainly associated with both compositional and spatial changes of polysaccharides within cell wall, affects the texture and quality of fruit. Current research on the fruit softening mechanism lacks an understanding of the overall softening at the cell level. The objective of this work was to investigate the change in the spatial distribution of cell wall polysaccharides in peach flesh cells at both single- and multiple-cell levels in a label-free way during the postharvest storage. Nonmelting peaches (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv.”Zhonghuashoutao”) at commercial maturity were stored at 0 °C and 20 °C. Firmness measurement and chemical analysis were performed at each storage time. In addition, three molecular imaging techniques, namely confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM), Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM), and stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (SRS) were used to visualize changes in the spatial distribution of cell wall polysaccharides of peach fruit in a label-free way during the postharvest storage. The combination of CRM and FTIRM provided complementary spectral information to visualize the spatial changes of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin in the cell wall of peach flesh during softening at the single-cell level, and found that the cell wall polysaccharides tended to be concentrated in the cell corner of parenchymal cells at the late stage. Furthermore, SRS, which is an ultrafast Raman imaging technique (approximately three or four orders of magnitude faster than CRM), was used for high-throughput cell wall phenotypes measurement. Different degradation degrees of parenchymal cells during fruit softening were found based on the gray-scale statistical analysis of SRS data. In general, cell wall polysaccharides decreased during softening and tended to be concentrated in the cell corner for most parenchymal cells at the late stage, but there were also some cells not in line with the whole softening trends. The results show that there were differences in the content and spatial changes of cell wall polysaccharides among parenchymal cells of peach fruit during the softening process, and the hybrid use of CRM, FTIRM, and SRS is a promising method for simultaneous visualization of changes in cell wall polysaccharides of peach.
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Keithley, Elizabeth M., Steve Horowitz, and Michael J. Ruckenstein. "NA,K-Atpase in the Cochlear Lateral Wall of Human Temporal Bones with Endolymphatic Hydrops." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 104, no. 11 (November 1995): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949510401106.
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Meniere's disease has traditionally been thought to arise from a disruption in longitudinal endolymphatic flow. This view has been brought into question by recent experimental studies that have focused attention on derangements of cochlear fluid and electrolyte homeostatic mechanisms in Meniere's disease, including abnormalities in Na,K-ATPase enzymes found in the cochlear lateral wall. The current study examined the immunohistochemical labeling pattern of the major ion-transporting enzyme of the stria vascularis, Na,K-ATPase, in archival sections of hydropic and nonhydropic human temporal bones for increased density of label that could indicate overproduction of fluid. The results showed good labeling of the stria vascularis in the celloidin sections. The hydropic ears tended to have darker label, but the difference was not statistically significant. The findings are consistent with normal functioning of the stria vascularis in cases of Meniere's disease.
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Lin, Junyu, Jun Hu, Zhiyuan Xie, Yulan Zhang, Guangjia Huang, and Zengping Chen. "A Multitask Network for People Counting, Motion Recognition, and Localization Using Through-Wall Radar." Sensors 23, no. 19 (September 28, 2023): 8147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198147.
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Due to the outstanding penetrating detection performance of low-frequency electromagnetic waves, through-wall radar (TWR) has gained widespread applications in various fields, including public safety, counterterrorism operations, and disaster rescue. TWR is required to accomplish various tasks, such as people detection, people counting, and positioning in practical applications. However, most current research primarily focuses on one or two tasks. In this paper, we propose a multitask network that can simultaneously realize people counting, action recognition, and localization. We take the range–time–Doppler (RTD) spectra obtained from one-dimensional (1D) radar signals as datasets and convert the information related to the number, motion, and location of people into confidence matrices as labels. The convolutional layers and novel attention modules automatically extract deep features from the data and output the number, motion category, and localization results of people. We define the total loss function as the sum of individual task loss functions. Through the loss function, we transform the positioning problem into a multilabel classification problem, where a certain position in the distance confidence matrix represents a certain label. On the test set consisting of 10,032 samples from through-wall scenarios with a 24 cm thick brick wall, the accuracy of people counting can reach 96.94%, and the accuracy of motion recognition is 96.03%, with an average distance error of 0.12 m.
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Do, Truc, Julia E. Page, and Suzanne Walker. "Uncovering the activities, biological roles, and regulation of bacterial cell wall hydrolases and tailoring enzymes." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 10 (January 23, 2020): 3347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.rev119.010155.
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Bacteria account for 1000-fold more biomass than humans. They vary widely in shape and size. The morphological diversity of bacteria is due largely to the different peptidoglycan-based cell wall structures that encase bacterial cells. Although the basic structure of peptidoglycan is highly conserved, consisting of long glycan strands that are cross-linked by short peptide chains, the mature cell wall is chemically diverse. Peptidoglycan hydrolases and cell wall–tailoring enzymes that regulate glycan strand length, the degree of cross-linking, and the addition of other modifications to peptidoglycan are central in determining the final architecture of the bacterial cell wall. Historically, it has been difficult to biochemically characterize these enzymes that act on peptidoglycan because suitable peptidoglycan substrates were inaccessible. In this review, we discuss fundamental aspects of bacterial cell wall synthesis, describe the regulation and diverse biochemical and functional activities of peptidoglycan hydrolases, and highlight recently developed methods to make and label defined peptidoglycan substrates. We also review how access to these substrates has now enabled biochemical studies that deepen our understanding of how bacterial cell wall enzymes cooperate to build a mature cell wall. Such improved understanding is critical to the development of new antibiotics that disrupt cell wall biogenesis, a process essential to the survival of bacteria.
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Horne, Diane, and Alexander Tomasz. "Factors affecting sensitivity of group B streptococci to an exogenous murein hydrolase." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-078.
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Group B streptococci treated with cell wall synthesis inhibitors (penicillin or vancomycin) or by a variety of membrane-acting agents are sensitized to the lytic action of exogenous M1 muramidase. Muramidase without a sensitizing agent caused rupture of bacterial chains only, accompanied by the release of a small amount of cell wall peptidoglycan label and an increase of the number of colony-forming units. In combination with sensitizing agents the exogenous muramidase appeared to initiate hydrolysis of biosynthetically new peptidoglycan. Treatment of the cells with chloramphenicol or starvation for nutritionally required amino acids suppressed the rate of cell lysis and peptidoglycan hydrolysis during subsequent sensitization and muramidase treatment of the bacteria. Purified cell walls prepared from the amino acid starved cells were also hydrolyzed with a slower rate by muramidase. It is suggested that agents sensitizing the bacteria to the exogenous muramidase act by perturbing or removing some nonmurein components of the cell envelope which protect the peptidoglycan from the activity of exogenous enzyme. Agents increasing resistance against exogenous muramidase may also cause some alteration in peptidoglycan structure.
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Ouellette, G. B., R. P. Baayen, M. Simard, and D. Rioux. "Ultrastructural and cytochemical study of colonization of xylem vessel elements of susceptible and resistant Dianthus caryophyllus by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 5 (October 16, 1999): 644–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-033.
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The colonization processes of the xylem in the susceptible carnation cv. Early Sam and the resistant cv. Novada were studied ultrastructurally following inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Samples from 1 to 3 cm above the incision were collected over 5 weeks and processed following conventional procedures as well as with probes for cellulose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, and pectin. The fungus grew profusely in the vessel lumina of the susceptible cultivar. Some of the colonized vessels were lined with coating material connected to the fungal cell wall and extending into the host cell wall through microfilamentous-like structures. Coatings did not label for pectin or cellulose. The pathogen crossed from one vessel element to another (and at times to parenchyma cells) usually directly through pit membranes; often the invading structures of the fungus appeared to be either only membrane-bound or formed solely of microfilamentous-like entities. The fungus subsequently invaded extensively, generally by means of microhyphae, the vessel intercalary walls from the pit membranes and vessel wall junctures. Microhyphae had thin or imperceptible walls and contained only some of the normal cytoplasmic components. Initially, the invading hyphae dislocated the host cell walls, apparently mechanically more than by lysis; however, more pronounced lysis occurred following general tissue invasion. Host parenchyma cells seemed relatively unaffected, even after the surrounding walls had undergone severe degradation. Colonization of resistant plants was restricted. Degradation of tissues did not occur and microhyphae were not observed. Inoculated vessel elements in the 'Novada' plants contained numerous fungal cells and little occluding material, whereas the surrounding vessels were almost completely occluded. The initially invaded xylem became tangentially compartmentalized by parenchyma cell wall thickenings and by hyperplastic parenchyma. Occasionally, hyperplastic tissues were slightly re-invaded, forming secondary invasion pockets. Vessel-occluding material varied in structure and opacity, not only from vessel to vessel but also within the same vessel, and contained microfilamentous-like structures and other types of fine fibrillar material. Some vessel elements in or near the secondary invasion pockets contained only the finer fibrils that reacted strongly with an antibody specific for pectin. Vessel elements rarely contained tyloses.Key words: cellulose, chitin, Dianthus caryophyllus, Fusarium wilt, gels and gums, host wall degradation, microhyphae, pectin, tyloses.
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Massicotte, H. B., L. H. Melville, L. E. Tackaberry, and R. L. Peterson. "A comparative study of mycorrhizas in several genera of Pyroleae (Ericaceae) from western Canada." Botany 86, no. 6 (June 2008): 610–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-027.
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Genera in the tribe Pyroleae (subfamily Monotropoideae, family Ericaceae) occur as understory plants in northern temperate zones where some form major components of ecosystems. Most have been poorly studied in terms of their association with symbiotic fungi. In this study, colonization patterns of mycorrhizal roots of five members of the Pyroleae ( Pyrola asarifolia Michx., Pyrola chlorantha Sw., Orthilia secunda (L.) House, Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart., Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray) were explored. Root samples were processed for light, fluorescence, and laser scanning confocal, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy, as well as for immunocytochemistry. Roots of all species had enlarged epidermal cells containing hyphal complexes, Hartig nets confined to the epidermis, and mantles. Epidermal cells were penetrated by hyphae originating from the Hartig net at more than one site either along the inner tangential wall or radial walls. The outer tangential wall of epidermal cells of all species, except M. uniflora, was thicker than radial and inner tangential walls and consisted of two layers, the outer containing nonesterified pectins that were labeled with JIM 5 antibodies. Radial walls and inner tangential walls did not label, but cortical cell walls did. Intracellular hyphal complexes developed initially around centrally positioned, enlarged epidermal cell nuclei and, through branching, occupied most of the cell volume. Senescence and degradation of the complexes followed. The fungal species in these symbiotic associations may be important functionally in nutrient exchange, as well as in contributing to broader linkages with other hosts in these plant communities.
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Ouellette, G. B., H. Chamberland, A. Goulet, M. Lachapelle, and J. G. Lafontaine. "Fine structure of the extracellular sheath and cell walls inOphiostoma novo-ulmigrowing on various substrates." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 7 (August 1, 1999): 582–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-045.
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The presence of microfilamentous-like structures of tubular appearance (MFS) in cell walls and extracellular sheath material (ES) in a number of isolates of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier grown on various substrates and following various treatments is reported. Standard fixation or high-pressure freezing methods were used, and cytochemical tests were carried out to detect fungal and host wall components and, in some cases, fungal DNA. In some cases, serial 0.2-μm-thick sections were examined at 120 kV and tilted to obtain stereoscopic images. Whether the fungal cell walls were thick and composed of an outer opaque and inner more electron-lucent layers, or thin and barely perceptible, MFS were observed to extend from the cell cytoplasm as parallel structures across the walls into the surrounding medium, including host cell components in infected elm tissues. MFS were associated (in samples from inoculated trees) with cleavage and desquamation of fungal walls. ES and MFS did not label for cellulose or chitin, but generally labelled slightly for β-(1-3)-glucan and mannose, and strongly for galactose. Only the lucent, inner fungal wall layer labelled for chitin and cellulose. DNA labelling was confined to nuclei and mitochondria in fungal cells from cultures on agar medium; in cells from cultures on millipore membranes, it was pronounced over imprecisely delimited cell regions. The possible ontogeny of MFS components and their importance are discussed. Key words: chitin, Dutch elm disease, fungal fimbriae, fungal walls, gold-complexed probes, microfilamentous structures (MFS).
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MONTES, J. F., M. DURFORT, A. LLADÓ, and J. GARCÍA-VALERO. "Characterization and immunolocalization of a main proteinaceous component of the cell wall of the protozoan parasite Perkinsus atlanticus." Parasitology 124, no. 5 (May 2002): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182002001415.
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Described in the present study is a major component of the cell wall of 2 of the most pathogenic parasites of molluscs, Perkinsus atlanticus and P. marinus. The component is a high molecular weight protein (233 kDa), which we have named PWP-1 (for Perkinsus wall protein-1). Western blots, using a polyclonal serum generated against purified PWP-1 from P. atlanticus, revealed that this protein is expressed by all walled developmental stages of this protozoon. By means of immunogold electron microscopy, labelling for PWP-1 was strong and specifically associated with the cell wall. The label density and distribution pattern was quite different between trophozoites and prezoosporangia. With regard to the structural organization of this protein, PWP-1 is disulphide-linked to other cell wall components and released from the cell wall only following treatment with a sulphydryl agent. We also report that PWP-1 is a trypsin-resistant protein, both in its native and heat-denatured conformation. In addition, results from the N-terminal microsequence of this protein allow us to define PWP-1 as a novel cell wall protein. Overall, our findings strongly suggest that PWP-1 plays a key role in the organization of the cell wall of these protozoa, promoting their survival.
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Morel, Oriane, Cedric Lion, Godfrey Neutelings, Jonathan Stefanov, Fabien Baldacci-Cresp, Clemence Simon, Christophe Biot, Simon Hawkins, and Corentin Spriet. "REPRISAL: mapping lignification dynamics using chemistry, data segmentation, and ratiometric analysis." Plant Physiology 188, no. 2 (October 23, 2021): 816–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab490.
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Abstract This article describes a methodology for detailed mapping of the lignification capacity of plant cell walls that we have called “REPRISAL” for REPorter Ratiometrics Integrating Segmentation for Analyzing Lignification. REPRISAL consists of the combination of three separate approaches. In the first approach, H*, G*, and S* monolignol chemical reporters, corresponding to p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, are used to label the growing lignin polymer in a fluorescent triple labeling strategy based on the sequential use of three main bioorthogonal chemical reactions. In the second step, an automatic parametric and/or artificial intelligence segmentation algorithm is developed that assigns fluorescent image pixels to three distinct cell wall zones corresponding to cell corners, compound middle lamella and secondary cell walls. The last step corresponds to the exploitation of a ratiometric approach enabling statistical analyses of differences in monolignol reporter distribution (ratiometric method [RM] 1) and proportions (RM 2) within the different cell wall zones. We first describe the use of this methodology to map developmentally related changes in the lignification capacity of wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) interfascicular fiber cells. We then apply REPRISAL to analyze the Arabidopsis peroxidase (PRX) mutant prx64 and provide further evidence for the implication of the AtPRX64 protein in floral stem lignification. In addition, we also demonstrate the general applicability of REPRISAL by using it to map lignification capacity in poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba), flax (Linum usitatissimum), and maize (Zea mays). Finally, we show that the methodology can be used to map the incorporation of a fucose reporter into noncellulosic cell wall polymers.
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Bayman, Neil, Wiebke Appel, Linda Ashcroft, David R. Baldwin, Andrew Bates, Liz Darlison, John G. Edwards, et al. "Prophylactic Irradiation of Tracts in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase III Randomized Trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 14 (May 10, 2019): 1200–1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.18.01678.
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PURPOSE Prophylactic irradiation to the chest wall after diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has been a widespread practice across Europe, although the efficacy of this treatment is uncertain. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of prophylactic radiotherapy in reducing the incidence of chest wall metastases (CWM) after a procedure in MPM. METHODS After undergoing a chest wall procedure, patients with MPM were randomly assigned to receive prophylactic radiotherapy (within 42 days of the procedure) or no radiotherapy. Open thoracotomies, needle biopsies, and indwelling pleural catheters were excluded. Prophylactic radiotherapy was delivered at a dose of 21 Gy in three fractions over three consecutive working days, using a single electron field adapted to maximize coverage of the tract from skin surface to pleura. The primary outcome was the incidence of CWM within 6 months from random assignment, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Stratification factors included epithelioid histology and intention to give chemotherapy. RESULTS Between July 30, 2012, and December 12, 2015, 375 patients were recruited from 54 centers and randomly assigned to receive prophylactic radiotherapy (n = 186) or no prophylactic radiotherapy (n = 189). Participants were well matched at baseline. No significant difference was seen in the incidence of CWM at 6 months between the prophylactic radiotherapy and no radiotherapy groups (no. [%]: 6 [3.2] v 10 [5.3], respectively; odds ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.17 to 1.86; P = .44). Skin toxicity was the most common radiotherapy-related adverse event in the prophylactic radiotherapy group, with 96 patients (51.6%) receiving grade 1; 19 (10.2%), grade 2; and 1 (0.5%) grade 3 radiation dermatitis (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0). CONCLUSION There is no role for the routine use of prophylactic irradiation to chest wall procedure sites in patients with MPM.
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Andito, Tegar, Agni Saraswati, and Elatulada Catur Tama. "Penyuluhan Seni Branding dan Identitas Kelompok Seni “Adhikari Creations”." Jurnal Pengabdian Seni 1, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/jas.v1i2.4712.
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Adhikari Creations adalah sebuah UMKM kerajinan tangan yang memproduksi produk-produk sablon manual dengan diterapkan pada bantal, wall art, planter, dan bucket dengan visual yang umumnya berupa decorative quotes. Segmentasi pasar dari produk-produk Adhikari Creations adalah penggemar decorative quotes di mana umumnya adalah masyarakat menengah ke atas. Selain melayani pesanan perorangan, sejumlah pelanggan korporat juga menjadi pelanggan tetap dari Adhikari Creaton. Dalam mempromosikan produknya, Adhikari Creations memanfaatkan sosial media Instagram sebagai media utamanya. Walaupun sudah dikenal masyarakat, Adhikari Creations masih belum memiliki logo yang konsisten. Pemosisian diri sebagai white label company dan penitikberatan pada produksi membuat penanganan branding tidak menjadi prioritas. Selain itu, penggunaan logo yang tidak konsisten juga disebabkan oleh ketiadaan dokumen standar sistem identitas untuk menjaga konsistensi identitas. Walaupun memposisikan diri sebagai white label company, namun branding dan identitas tetap diperlukan konsistensinya untuk keperluan-keperluan yang berkaitan dengan perangkat teknis administratif seperti stempel, kop surat, maupun nota. Dari permasalahan tersebut, pengabdian masyarakat ini menawarkan solusi berupa penyuluhan seni mengenai pentingnya branding dan identitas, serta pendampingan dalam redesain logo untuk menghasilkan logo yang dapat digunakan secara konsisten. Adhikari Cretions is a handicraft home industry that produces manual screen print products showing decorative quotes that applied on pillows, wall art, planters, and buckets. Market segmentation of Adhikari Creations are decorative quotes enthusiast, upper middle class, and some corporates. To promote its products, Adhikari Creations shows their products mainly on Instagram. Although it already well known amongst certain groups of people, Adhikari Creations do not have consistent logo. Adhikari Creations positioned itself as white label company, so for it, branding is least priority. Beside those things, the lack of document for branding system standards causes this inconsistency. Although branding and identity can be prioritized less, especially for white label companies, it still important for some administrative purpose e.g. header for letters, stamp, and invoices. From that problems, this community service offers solution in form of art counseling about importance of branding and identity, also accompaniment in logo redesign to make a new logo that will be used consistently.
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Manocha, M. S., and C. M. McCullough. "Suppression of host cell wall synthesis at penetration sites in a compatible interaction with a mycoparasite." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-130.
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Differences in cell wall reactions at the penetration sites on a resistant host, Phascolomyces articulosus Boedijn ex Benny and Benjamin, and on a susceptible host, Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Rav.) Thaxter, were studied by autoradiography at 18 h after inoculation with a mycoparasite, Piptocephalis virginiana Leadbeater and Mercer. Localized incorporation of a radioactive chitin precursor, N-[3H]acetylglucosamine ([3H]GlcNAc), was observed at the penetration sites on the resistant but not the susceptible host. Autoradiography of mechanically wounded hyphae of the susceptible and resistant hosts showed similar patterns of localized incorporation of [3H]GlcNAc within 5 min after sonication. Label incorporation at the penetration as well as at the wounding sites was inhibited by polyoxin D. Cycloheximide treatment greatly increased the label in subapical regions and reduced that at the hyphal tips in both the hosts, whereas this treatment did not prevent localized incorporation at the wounding or the penetration sites on the resistant host. Suppression of localized incorporation of [3H]GlcNAc at penetration sites in C. cucurbitarum was not due to the lack of mobility of chitin synthase to the penetration site or its activating factor.
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Cheraghi, Somaye, Mohammad A. Taher, Hassan Karimi-Maleh, and Ehsan Faghih-Mirzaei. "A nanostructure label-free DNA biosensor for ciprofloxacin analysis as a chemotherapeutic agent: an experimental and theoretical investigation." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 12 (2017): 4985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00609h.
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A nanostructure DNA biosensor based on pencil graphite electrode modified with polypyrrole, single wall carbon nanotubes and ds-DNA (PGE/PP/SWCNTs/DNA) was suggested for the determination of ciprofloxacin.
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Elia, M., N. J. Fuller, and P. R. Murgatroyd. "Measurement of bicarbonate turnover in humans: applicability to estimation of energy expenditure." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 263, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): E676—E687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1992.263.4.e676.
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Bicarbonate turnover and energy expenditure were assessed in six healthy male volunteers, by the use of a constant infusion of radiolabeled bicarbonate (NaH14CO3) administered over 36 h, while the volunteers were confined to a whole body indirect calorimeter. Recovery and dilution of isotope were assessed from measurements made on continuous collections of CO2, entering and leaving the calorimeter, urine, and intermittent spot breath and saliva samples. Mean recovery of infused label in gaseous CO2 was 95.6 +/- 1.1% (SD) between 12 and 36 h. Applying a 95% mean recovery of label to each subject individually enabled the use of integrated mean specific activity of CO2 in spot breath and urine samples to predict measured net CO2 production and energy expenditure to within about +/- 6%. Estimates based on urinary measurements were compromised slightly by the exchange of label through the bladder wall (this was dependent on pH and volume of urine). It is concluded that this constant-infusion labeled bicarbonate method offers a potentially useful means of assessing net CO2 production and total energy expenditure over the short term (e.g., 1-3 days).
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Morioka, H., A. Suganuma, and M. Tachibana. "Localization of sugar-binding sites in Staphylococcus aureus using gold-labeled neoglycoprotein." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 42, no. 12 (December 1994): 1609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/42.12.7983361.
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We studied post- and pre-embedding staining of sugar-binding sites on thin sections of Staphylococcus aureus with an electron microscopic neoglycoprotein-gold technique. Although gold particles of cellobiosyl bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glycosylated BSA-, lactosyl BSA-, and melibiosyl BSA-gold did not label, heavy labeling of N-acetylglucosaminide-BSA-gold was observed in both the cell wall and the cytoplasm on Spurr-embedded thin sections of S. aureus. Inhibition of labeling with wheat germ agglutinin-biotin and N-acetylglucosaminidase indicated that the labeling was due to N-acetylglucosamine. These data suggested that molecules that bind specifically with N-acetylglucosamine occur in the cell wall and cytoplasm of S. aureus. Pre-embedding staining revealed that these molecules are abundant at the surface of the cell wall and that the abundance differs depending on the bacterial strain. An N-acetylglucosamine-specific lectin-like substance, glucosaminidase, and toxins are proposed as candidates for molecules responsible for the labeling, and the possible functional significance of the findings is discussed briefly.
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Sikora, Michal, David Scheiner, Cornelia Betschart, Daniele Perucchini, José María Mateos, Anthony di Natale, Daniel Fink, and Caroline Maake. "Label-free, three-dimensional multiphoton microscopy of the connective tissue in the anterior vaginal wall." International Urogynecology Journal 26, no. 5 (November 25, 2014): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-014-2571-y.
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Reis, Sofia F., Pedro A. R. Fernandes, Vítor J. Martins, Sara Gonçalves, Luís P. Ferreira, Vítor M. Gaspar, Diogo Figueira, et al. "Brewer’s Spent Yeast Cell Wall Polysaccharides as Vegan and Clean Label Additives for Mayonnaise Formulation." Molecules 28, no. 8 (April 17, 2023): 3540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083540.
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Brewer’s spent yeast (BSY) mannoproteins have been reported to possess thickening and emulsifying properties. The commercial interest in yeast mannoproteins might be boosted considering the consolidation of their properties supported by structure/function relationships. This work aimed to attest the use of extracted BSY mannoproteins as a clean label and vegan source of ingredients for the replacement of food additives and protein from animal sources. To achieve this, structure/function relationships were performed by isolating polysaccharides with distinct structural features from BSY, either by using alkaline extraction (mild treatment) or subcritical water extraction (SWE) using microwave technology (hard treatment), and assessment of their emulsifying properties. Alkaline extractions solubilized mostly highly branched mannoproteins (N-linked type; 75%) and glycogen (25%), while SWE solubilized mannoproteins with short mannan chains (O-linked type; 55%) and (1→4)- and (β1→3)-linked glucans, 33 and 12%, respectively. Extracts with high protein content yielded the most stable emulsions obtained by hand shaking, while the extracts composed of short chain mannans and β-glucans yielded the best emulsions by using ultraturrax stirring. β-Glucans and O-linked mannoproteins were found to contribute to emulsion stability by preventing Ostwald ripening. When applied in mayonnaise model emulsions, BSY extracts presented higher stability and yet similar texture properties as the reference emulsifiers. When used in a mayonnaise formulation, the BSY extracts were also able to replace egg yolk and modified starch (E1422) at 1/3 of their concentration. This shows that BSY alkali soluble mannoproteins and subcritical water extracted β-glucans can be used as replacers of animal protein and additives in sauces.
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De Ruvo, Ermenegildo, Lucia De Luca, Domenico Grieco, Alessandro Fagagnini, Marco Rebecchi, Vincenzo Schillaci, Giuseppe Stabile, et al. "Tissue thickness measured with dielectric-based technology during radiofrequency catheter ablation." European Heart Journal Supplements 25, Supplement_C (April 26, 2023): C253—C257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suad049.
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Abstract Radiofrequency catheter ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus is the standard treatment for patients suffering from typical atrial flutter. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of tissue thickness and lesion transmurality measurement by a novel dielectric system. This was a retrospective multicentric non-randomized open-label, single-arm study. The atrial wall thickness was significantly higher close to the tricuspid annulus than close to the inferior vena cava and a trend towards a progressive decrease of atrial wall thickness was observed moving the mapping catheter from the tricuspid valve to the inferior vena cava. The possibility to visualize the tissue thickness could modify the way to deliver radiofrequency energy, allowing a tailored approach in cardiac ablation procedures.
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Cheng, Qi, Yongzheng Zhu, Kaifei Deng, Zhiqiang Qin, Jianhua Zhang, Ji Zhang, Ping Huang, and Changwu Wan. "Label-Free Diagnosis of Pulmonary Fat Embolism Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging." Applied Spectroscopy 76, no. 3 (January 12, 2022): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00037028211061430.
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The diagnosis of pulmonary fat embolism (PFE) is of great significance in the field of forensic medicine because it can be considered a major cause of death or a vital reaction. Conventional histological analysis of lung tissue specimens is a widely used method for PFE diagnosis. However, variable and labor-intensive tissue staining procedures impede the validity and informativeness of histological image analysis. To obtain complete information from tissues, a method based on infrared imaging of unlabeled tissue sections was developed to identify pulmonary fat emboli in the present study. We selected 15 PFE-positive lung samples and 15 PFE-negative samples from real cases. Oil red O (ORO) staining and infrared spectral imaging collection were both performed on all lung tissue samples. And the fatty tissue of the abdominal wall and the embolized lipid droplets in the lungs were taken for comparison. The results of the blind, evaluation by pathologists, showed good agreement between the infrared spectral imaging of the lung tissue and the standard histological stained images. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging significantly simplifies the typical painstakingly laborious histological staining procedure. And we found a difference between lipid droplets embolized in abdominal wall fat and lung tissue.
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Rusu, Mihai Stelian, Corneliu Pintilescu, and Dalia Báthory. "“Mister Gorbachev, tear down this wall!” Socio‑economic and Political Consequences 30 Years After." History of Communism in Europe 10 (2019): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/hce2019101.
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The fall of the Berlin Wall stood for a symbol of change and freedom across the socialist bloc and inspired the inhabitants in Eastern Europe to take action and revolt against dictatorial regimes. A long and often painful process of social, economic and political transformation began. Scholars grouped their research dealing with such transformations under the label of “Transitology” and the developing subfields of “transitional justice” and “memory studies” expanded and caught the academic interest. The present argument looks at the emergence and evolvement of these fields in parallel with a growing and changing society.
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Heywood, Wendy E., Jon Searle, Richard Collis, Ivan Doykov, Michael Ashworth, Neil Sebire, Andrew Bamber, et al. "A Proof of Principle 2D Spatial Proteome Mapping Analysis Reveals Distinct Regional Differences in the Cardiac Proteome." Life 14, no. 8 (August 1, 2024): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14080970.
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Proteomics studies often explore phenotypic differences between whole organs and systems. Within the heart, more subtle variation exists. To date, differences in the underlying proteome are only described between whole cardiac chambers. This study, using the bovine heart as a model, investigates inter-regional differences and assesses the feasibility of measuring detailed, cross-tissue variance in the cardiac proteome. Using a bovine heart, we created a two-dimensional section through a plane going through two chambers. This plane was further sectioned into 4 × 4 mm cubes and analysed using label-free proteomics. We identified three distinct proteomes. When mapped to the extracted sections, the proteomes corresponded largely to the outer wall of the right ventricle and secondly to the outer wall of the left ventricle, right atrial appendage, tricuspid and mitral valves, modulator band, and parts of the left atrium. The third separate proteome corresponded to the inner walls of the left and right ventricles, septum, and left atrial appendage. Differential protein abundancies indicated differences in energy metabolism between regions. Data analyses of the mitochondrial proteins revealed a variable pattern of abundances of complexes I–V between the proteomes, indicating differences in the bioenergetics of the different cardiac sub-proteomes. Mapping of disease-associated proteins interestingly showed desmoglein-2, for which defects in this protein are known to cause Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy, which was present predominantly in the outer wall of the left ventricle. This study highlights that organs can have variable proteomes that do not necessarily correspond to anatomical features.
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Bourett, Timothy M., and Richard J. Howard. "In vitro development of penetration structures in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-044.
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The development of appressoria, penetration pegs, and infection hyphalike structures of Magnaporthe grisea on a cellophane substratum were studied using light and electron microscopy of freeze-substituted specimens. Developing, hyaline appressoria contained numerous membrane cisternae and cytoplasmic vesicles. These vesicles were concentrated near the substratum where the cell wall was very thin and then absent. Vesicles and cisternae were not present in appressoria during melanization. The discrete melanin layer contained a heretofore undescribed microfibrillar component that did not label with wheat germ agglutinin. A bilayered pore wall overlay was deposited over the appressorium pore just prior to formation of a penetration peg. The innermost of these layers and the wall of the peg both labeled with wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A, and appeared continuous. The mature penetration peg was uniform in width, about 7 μm in length, and contained predominantly putative cytoskeletal elements. Within the cellophane substratum, lateral branching from the distal end of the peg gave rise to a group of cells that resembled infection hyphae.
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Hashimoto, Sin-ichi, Nai-Hsuan Chen, Yuji Suzuki, and Nobuhide Kasagi. "MNM-P9-3 Label-Free Continuous Micro Cell Sorting Using Specific Wall Adhesion And Secondary Flow." Proceedings of the Symposium on Micro-Nano Science and Technology 2010.2 (2010): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemnm.2010.2.127.
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Huysamer, Marius, L. Carl Greve, and John M. Labavitch. "CELL WALL COMPOSITION AND SYNTHETIC CAPACITY OF THE PERICARP OF RIPENING `JACKPOT' TOMATO." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 651c—651. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.651c.
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Discs from outer pericarp of mature green (MG) and light red (LR) tomatoes were incubated with 13C6-glucose as precursor to cell wall constituents, to determine biosynthetic capacity of the outer 2mm (including cuticle) and adjacent inner 2mm of tissue. Cell wall material was fractionated into pectic and hemicellulosic classes by sequential extraction, and alditol acetates and partially-methylated alditol acetates were prepared. Neutral sugars (NS), glycosidic linkage compositions and incorporation of label were determined by GC-FID and GC-MS. Rhamnose, arabinose and galactose accounted for ca. 90% of both labeled and total NS in the pectic fractions (sugar ratios within ripeness stage were the same for labeled and total NS). Xylose and glucose accounted for ca. 70% of both labeled and total NS in the hemicellulosic fraction (sugar ratios within ripeness stage were different between labeled and total NS). In the crude cell wall, galactose and glucose contents were significantly higher in the inner than in outer tissues for both MG and LR tomatoes. Loss of galactose during ripening was higher from outer tissues. These results show compositional differences between inner and outer tissues, and suggest that ripening-related wall synthesis may give rise to pectic polymers similar in NS composition to existing polysaccharides, and hemicellulosic polymers which may differ in composition.
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Zhang, Hanxiao, Albert Zehan Li, and Juewen Liu. "Surfactant-Assisted Label-Free Fluorescent Aptamer Biosensors and Binding Assays." Biosensors 13, no. 4 (March 29, 2023): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13040434.
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Using DNA staining dyes such as SYBR Green I (SGI) and thioflavin T (ThT) to perform label-free detection of aptamer binding has been performed for a long time for both binding assays and biosensor development. Since these dyes are cationic, they can also adsorb to the wall of reaction vessels leading to unstable signals and even false interpretations of the results. In this work, the stability of the signal was first evaluated using ThT and the classic adenosine aptamer. In a polystyrene microplate, a drop in fluorescence was observed even when non-binding targets or water were added, whereas a more stable signal was achieved in a quartz cuvette. Equilibrating the system can also improve signal stability. In addition, a few polymers and surfactants were also screened, and 0.01% Triton X-100 was found to have the best protection effect against fluorescence signal decrease due to dye adsorption. Three aptamers for Hg2+, adenosine, and cortisol were tested for their sensitivity and signal stability in the absence and presence of Triton X-100. In each case, the sensitivity was similar, whereas the signal stability was better for the surfactant. This study indicates that careful control experiments need to be designed to ensure reliable results and that the reliability can be improved by using Triton X-100 and a long equilibration time.
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Feng, Hongping, Waiwai Mon, Xiaoxia Su, Yu Li, Shaozhi Zhang, Zhongkai Zhang, and Kuanyu Zheng. "Integrated Biological Experiments and Proteomic Analyses of Nicotiana tabacum Xylem Sap Revealed the Host Response to Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus Infection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 20 (October 10, 2024): 10907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010907.
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The plant vascular system is not only a transportation system for delivering nutrients but also a highway transport network for spreading viruses. Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) is among the most destructive viruses that cause serious losses in economically important crops worldwide. However, there is minimal information about the long-distance movements of TSWV in the host plant vascular system. In this this study, we confirm that TSWV virions are present in the xylem as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, a quantitative proteomic analysis based on label-free methods was conducted to reveal the uniqueness of protein expression in xylem sap during TSWV infection. Thus, this study identified and quantified 3305 proteins in two groups. Furthermore, TSWV infection induced three viral structural proteins, N, Gn and Gc, and 315 host proteins differentially expressed in xylem (163 up-regulated and 152 down-regulated). GO enrichment analysis showed up-regulated proteins significantly enriched in homeostasis, wounding, defense response, and DNA integration terms, while down-regulated proteins significantly enriched in cell wall biogenesis/xyloglucan metabolic process-related terms. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were most strongly associated with plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and plant hormone signal transduction. Cluster analysis of DEPs function showed the DEPs can be categorized into cell wall metabolism-related proteins, antioxidant proteins, PCD-related proteins, host defense proteins such as receptor-like kinases (RLKs), salicylic acid binding protein (SABP), pathogenesis related proteins (PR), DNA methylation, and proteinase inhibitor (PI). Finally, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) validated 20 DEPs, demonstrating that the protein abundances were consistent between label-free and PRM data. Finally, 11 genes were selected for RT-qPCR validation of the DEPs and label-free-based proteomic analysis concordant results. Our results contribute to existing knowledge on the complexity of host plant xylem system response to virus infection and provide a basis for further study of the mechanism underlying TSWV long-distance movement in host plant vascular system.
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Xie, Liping, Xiaojun Yan, and Yanan Du. "An aptamer based wall-less LSPR array chip for label-free and high throughput detection of biomolecules." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 53 (March 2014): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.031.
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Tam, Phuong Dinh, Nguyen Van Hieu, Nguyen Duc Chien, Anh-Tuan Le, and Mai Anh Tuan. "DNA sensor development based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes for label-free influenza virus (type A) detection." Journal of Immunological Methods 350, no. 1-2 (October 2009): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2009.08.002.
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Schmidt, M., A. M. Schwartzberg, P. N. Perera, A. Weber-Bargioni, A. Carroll, P. Sarkar, E. Bosneaga, et al. "Label-free in situ imaging of lignification in the cell wall of low lignin transgenic Populus trichocarpa." Planta 230, no. 3 (June 13, 2009): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-009-0963-x.
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Rogers, Gregory S., and John J. Frett. "PRELIMINARY LOCALIZATION OF IPTASE IN TRANSGENIC NICOTIANA." HortScience 30, no. 2 (April 1995): 187a—187. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.2.187a.
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Nicotiana transformed with the isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens was fixed in 1% gluterdehyde and 4% formaldehyde for 1 h. Grids were treated with polygonal anti-IpTase antibody raised in rabbits and visualized with 10 nm protein-A-labeled colloidal gold. Initial localization was performed on Nicotiana transformed with the ipt gene under the control of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. Colloidal gold was found throughout the cell, including the cell wall, vacuole, and rough ER. Cell wall and vacuole labeling appears to be due to nonspecific binding and is greatly reduced by a BSA block. Colloidal gold label on rough ER provides preliminary evidence that translation occurs here rather than on free polysomes. General reaction throughout the cell indicates cytoplasmic activity of the enzyme. Future research will attempt to localize IPTase in wild-type Nicotiana and in plants transformed with the ipt gene under the control of the hsp 70 heat shock promoter.
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Liu, Fei, Guiming Xiang, Liqun Zhang, Dongneng Jiang, Linlin Liu, Yi Li, Chang Liu, and Xiaoyun Pu. "A novel label free long non-coding RNA electrochemical biosensor based on green l-cysteine electrodeposition and Au–Rh hollow nanospheres as tags." RSC Advances 5, no. 64 (2015): 51990–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07904g.
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lncRNA biosensor based on single-wall carbon nanotubes wrapped with Au–Rh hollow nanospheres (Au/Rh-HNP@SWCNT) complex signal amplification and an l-Cys Au nano-film provided ultrasensitive detection for the nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1).
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Pendland, J. C., and D. G. Boucias. "Ultrastructural localization of carbohydrate in cell walls of the entomogenous hyphomycete Nomuraea rileyi." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-064.
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Several probes were used in this ultrastructural study to localize polysaccharides in cell walls on conidial germ tubes, hyphal bodies, and mycelia of the entomogenous hyphomycete Nomuraea rileyi. With the exception of galactose, labelling patterns did not vary from one morphological stage to another. Galactose, which was localized by using a monoclonal antibody to a galactose-specific lectin purified from insect larval hemolymph, was absent from cell walls of hyphal bodies and conidia but was present on germ-tube and mycelial surfaces. Chitin (N-acetylglucosamine), labelled with a wheat-germ agglutinin-ferritin conjugate, was present in the middle regions of lateral walls and septa, and β1-4 glucans were located in the middle and inner regions, as indicated by binding of a cellulase-gold conjugate. An anti-laminaribiose antibody was used to label β1-3 glucans present in the outer wall areas and inner regions near the plasmalemma. The location of mannose residues as indicated by concanavalin A - ferritin binding was similar to that of the β1-3 glucans; vesicle-like structures were also labelled. None of the probes labelled the outer conidial pellicle or exocellular sheath surrounding germ tubes, and labelling of mycelial sheath was inconsistent. The absence of galactose from Nomuraea hyphal body walls is discussed in terms of host-parasite interaction. Key words: Nomuraea rileyi, entomopathogenic fungi, glycoconjugates, lectins, monoclonal antibodies.
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HASHIMOTO, Shinichi, Yuji SUZUKI, and Nobuhide KASAGI. "M6-5 On Continuous Label-Free Cell Sorter Mechanism Using Wall Functionalized Channel (M6 Bio Sensor and System)." Proceedings of the Symposium on Micro-Nano Science and Technology 2009.1 (2009): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemnm.2009.1.103.
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