Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wall insulation'
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1
Atkinson, Joanne. "Evaluating retrofitted external wall insulation." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7515.
Abstract:
The aim of this doctoral research project is to investigate the link between the construction quality of retrofitted external wall insulation (EWI) and the resulting impact on energy performance of existing dwellings in Swansea. Four contributions to knowledge are documented. The first is a methodology for simultaneously obtaining empirical data about the construction quality and energy performance of dwellings receiving retrofitted EWI. The findings demonstrate the value of assessing the construction quality of retrofitted EWI alongside energy performance. The appraisal of energy performance alone could have indicated misleading results due to the omission to identify latent factors, such as thermal bridging, which were identified whilst assessing the construction quality of the retrofitted EWI. The second contribution is a methodology for assessing the construction quality of retrofitted EWI, which can be used as part of the quality control process for future installations. Through the collection and analysis of triangulated field observations of photographs, as-built technical details and qualitative external thermographic surveys, the findings indicate that this methodology provides robust results for assessing the design and execution of retrofitted EWI. The third contribution is baseline energy performance data for traditional dwellings in south west Wales. The data documenting these results are set out for each case study dwelling, which includes energy consumption and carbon emissions, together with the dwelling type, tenure and number of occupants. The fourth and final contribution is a EWI retrofit case study of traditional dwellings in south west Wales. This is the culmination of the entire doctoral research project, which as a whole does not currently exist in the literature. Collectively, all the individual case studies make up the overall case study documenting the construction quality and energy performance of traditional dwellings in Swansea, which have received retrofitted EWI through phase one of the Welsh Government’s Arbed scheme.
2
Cambridge, Jason Esan. "The Sound Insulation of Cavity Walls." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7332.
Abstract:
Lightweight building materials are now commonly employed in many countries in preference to heavyweight materials. This has lead to extensive research into the sound transmission loss of double leaf wall systems. These studies have shown that the wall cavity and sound absorption material placed within the cavity play a crucial role in the sound transmission through these systems. However, the influence of the wall cavity on the sound transmission loss is not fully understood.
The purpose of this research is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the role played by the wall cavity and any associated sound absorption material on the sound transmission loss through double leaf wall systems. The research was justified by the fact that some of the existing prediction models do not agree with some observed experimental trends.
Gösele’s theory is expanded and used in the creation of an infinite and finite vibrating strip model in order to acquire the desired understanding. The sound transmission loss, radiated sound pressure and directivity of double leaf systems composed of gypsum boards and glass have been calculated using the developed model. A method for calculating the forced radiation efficiency has also been proposed. Predictions are compared to well established theories and to reported experimental results.
This work also provides a physical explanation for the under-prediction of the sound transmission loss in London’s model; explains why Sharp’s model corresponds to Davy’s with a limiting angle of 61° and gives an explanation for Rindel’s directivity and sound transmission loss measurements through double glazed windows. The investigation also revealed that a wide variety of conclusions were obtained by different researchers concerning the role of the cavity and the properties of any associated sound absorption material on the sound transmission loss through double wall systems. Consequently recommendations about the ways in which sound transmission through cavity systems can be improved should always be qualified with regard to the specific frequency range of interest, type of sound absorption material, wall panel and stud characteristics.
3
Sprague, Jill. "Recommended changes for knee wall insulation practices to increase energy efficiency." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1314223.
Abstract:
This paper explains typical knee wall construction and insulation in homes in Indiana and demonstrates the energy inefficiencies caused by such methods. Literature research gives examples of possible opportunities for changing the standard methods of knee wall construction and insulation. The methodology of the study is explained, as is energy intensity (EI) — the main evaluation tool used in this paper. EI allows a researcher to compare homes of different sizes in different locations. Overall, the study shows that homes whose knee walls have an air barrier backing use less energy than homes without knee walls. Additionally, as expected, homes with improperly constructed knee walls use the most energy. Finally, the paper contains recommendations about what methods might be used to change the standard practices involved in building and insulating knee walls.Department of Urban Planning
4
Wang, Hao. "Numerical study of cooling demand and thermal performance for different wall constructions." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19175.
5
Liu, Kin Ming. "Development of light-weight wall panels by extrusion technique /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202007%20LIUK.
6
Björnsdóttir, Jóhanna Eir, and Jóhann Björn Jóhannsson. "Moisture Content and Mould Risk in Concrete Outer Walls." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231391.
Abstract:
Previous studies on the typical Icelandic external wall have shown thatcondensation occurs at the interior surface of the concrete and field inspectionshave supported this conclusion. The primary objective ofthis study is to analyse the hygrothermal behaviour of the typical Icelandicwall and evaluate the mould risk at the interior surface of theconcrete.A comparative study is performed to compare the hygrothermalperformance and mould growth risk of two concrete outer wall structureswith interior and exterior insulation, by performing a parametricstudy using the simulation program WUFI® Pro.Additional parametric studies are performed in order to analyse theeffect of various material properties of the Icelandic building materialson the hygrothermal behaviour of the wall. This part also utilizedWUFI® Pro.To investigate the thermal bridge of the Icelandic wall, simulationswere conducted with the COMSOL Multiphysics software to evaluatethe linear thermal bridge and the risk of condensation at the joint.Lastly, an experiment was set up at the Innovation Center Iceland tomodel the interior insulated wall-slab section. The experimental setupwas completed during this time but the results will be analysedfurther after the thesis work.The results from this study indicate that the typical Icelandic wall ismore sensitive to rain than to interior moisture load and that no condensationoccurs within the wall structure. As concrete is inorganic,the risk of mould growth in the wall structure is limited, however,with increased driving rain load the mould risk increases. The resultsalso revealed that the moisture content of the interior insulated wallwas a great deal higher compared to the exterior insulated wall. Furthermore,the humidity level at the interior surface of the concrete inthe interior insulated wall exceeded the recommended critical humiditylevel based on general suggestions. Finally, results indicated thatusing a more dense concrete resulted in higher relative humidity at theinterior surface but a lower total water content of the wall.
7
Desmarais, Guylaine. "Impact of added insulation on the hygrothermal performance of leaky exterior wall assemblies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0017/MQ47814.pdf.
8
Tink, Victoria J. "The measured energy efficiency and thermal environment of a UK house retrofitted with internal wall insulation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33727.
Abstract:
Approximately 30% of the UK s housing stock is comprised of older, solid wall buildings. Solid walls have no cavity and were built without insulation; therefore these buildings have high heat loss, can be uncomfortable for occupants throughout the winter and require an above-average amount of energy to heat. Solid wall buildings can be made more energy efficient by retrofitting internal wall insulation (IWI). However, there is little empirical evidence on how much energy can be saved by insulating solid wall buildings and there are concerns that internal wall insulation could lead to overheating in the summer. This thesis reports measured results obtained from a unique facility comprised of a matched pair of unoccupied, solid wall, semi-detached houses. In the winter of 2015 one house of the pair was fitted with internal wall insulation then both houses had their thermal performance measured to see how differently they behaved. Measuring the thermal performance was the process of measuring the wall U-values, the whole house heat transfer coefficient and the whole house airtightness of the original and insulated houses. Both houses were then monitored in the winter of 2015, monitoring was the process of measuring the houses energy demand while using synthetic occupancy to create normal occupancy conditions. In the summer of 2015 indoor temperatures were monitored in the houses to assess overheating. The monitoring was done firstly to see how differently an insulated and an uninsulated house perform under normal operating conditions: with the blinds open through the day and the windows closed. Secondly, a mitigation strategy was applied to reduce high indoor operative temperatures in the houses, which involved closing the blinds in the day to reduce solar gains and opening the windows at night to purge warm air from the houses. The original solid walls were measured to have U-values of 1.72 W/m2K, while with internal wall insulation the walls had U-values of 0.21 W/m2K, a reduction of 88%. The house without IWI had a heat transfer coefficient of 238 W/K; this was reduced by 39% to 144 W/K by installing IWI. The monitored data from winter was extrapolated into yearly energy demand; the internally insulated house used 52% less gas than before retrofit. The measured U-values, whole house heat loss and energy demand were all compared to those produced from RdSAP models. The house was found to be more energy efficient than expected in its original state and to continue to use less energy than modelled once insulated. This has important implications for potential carbon savings and calculating pay-back times for retrofit measures. In summer, operative temperatures in the living room and main bedroom were observed to be higher, by 2.2 oC and 1.5 oC respectively, in the internally insulated house in comparison to the uninsulated house. Both of these rooms overheated according to CIBSE TM52 criteria; however the tests were conducted during an exceptionally warm period of weather. With the simple mitigation strategy applied the indoor operative temperature in the internally insulated house was reduced to a similar level as observed in the uninsulated house. This demonstrates that any increased overheating risk due to the installation of internal wall insulation can be mitigated through the use of simple, low cost mitigation measures. This research contributes field-measured evidence gathered under realistic controlled conditions to show that internal wall insulation can significantly reduce the energy demand of a solid wall house; this in turn can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and could help alleviate fuel poverty. Further to this it has been demonstrated that in this archetype and location IWI would cause overheating only in unusually hot weather and that indoor temperatures can be reduced to those found in an uninsulated house through the use of a simple and low cost mitigation strategy. It is concluded that IWI can provide a comfortable indoor environment, and that overheating should not be considered a barrier to the uptake of IWI in the UK.
9
Forman, Timothy. "Practice, policy and professional roles : unintended consequences and performance gaps in UK domestic solid wall insulation retrofit projects." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/92477/.
Abstract:
Space heating in domestic buildings accounts for roughly one-fifth of UK greenhouse gas emissions. There are roughly 11 million homes in the UK potentially suitable for solid wall insulation (including hard-to-treat cavity constructions). Remarkably, approximately 97 per cent of homes built with solid walls have no wall insulation. Retrofitting these homes with insulation offers the potential to significantly reduce national greenhouse gas emissions while reducing expenditure on fuel, improving thermal comfort and realising numerous important associated benefits. This research began at the onset of an upsurge in national rates of solid wall insulation retrofit in 2011-2012. At that time, anecdotal reports pointed toward a legacy of poor practices and continued problems in the retrofit industry. A literature review outlines knowledge about the risks of performance gaps and unintended consequences. Participant and non-participant observation, site inspection and qualitative study are employed in area-based retrofit projects and across a variety of related settings. Analysis interprets observations against a range of existing theory and develops new theoretical insights. Findings convey an understanding of a subset of the landscape in which retrofitting occurs and identify a number of challenges to improving practice. The perspectives of installers, managers, trainers and a range of professionals are reported. The research suggests that unintended consequences are likely to result from many observed practices and cautions that if these practices are typical of wider realities and remain unchanged, then serious problems may be propagated across many projects if growth in retrofitting continues as expected. Findings identify factors of quality in retrofits ranging from construction management, training, certification, technology, identity and motivation, and government policy instruments. Emerging from the research is a definition of ‘quality’ against which retrofits can be evaluated. This forms the basis for evaluation of a number of proposed interventions and routes to improved practice.
10
Gao, Tian. "Direct Strength Method for the Flexural Design of Through-Fastened Metal Building Roof and Wall Systems under Wind Uplift or Suction." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28553.
Abstract:
The design of metal building roof and wall systems under uplift and suction wind loading is complicated because the laterally unbraced purlin and girtâ s free flange is compressed, and the cross-section rotates due to the shear flow. The objective of this thesis is to introduce a Direct Strength Method (DSM) prediction approach for simple span purlins and girts with one flange through-fastened under uplift or suction loading. This prediction method is also applicable for the case when rigid board insulation is placed between the metal panel and through-fastened flange. The prediction method is validated with a database of 62 simple span tests. To evaluate the prediction for the case when rigid board is used, 50 full-scale tests with rigid board insulation are conducted by the author of this thesis. In the experimental study panel failure, connection failure and member (purlin and girt) failure are observed, and they all limit the systemâ s capacity. Another important contribution of this thesis is that it builds the foundation for future study of a general, mechanics-based limit state design approach for metal building roof and wall systems that can accommodate uplift and gravity loads, simple and continuous spans, and through-fastened and standing seam roofs.Ph. D.
11
Haun, Katherine K. "Insulating the exterior wall of historic buildings : analysis of the Park Inn Hotel." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1390316.
Abstract:
Insulating the exterior wall of an historic property can have the benefits of increasing thermal comfort for occupants as well as reducing energy use for heating and cooling. Concerns expressed by preservationists that insulation can lead to the degradation of the building structure or its historic fabric. Using the Park Inn Hotel, an early twentieth century commercial property designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, the application, feasibility, ramifications and potential benefits of applying insulation to the exterior wall was studied. Analysis for insulation includes evaluation of the historic characteristics, construction of the exterior wall, heat loss calculations, and how moisture will be transported through the wall. It was found that the key to determining if the exterior wall of a historic building can be insulated successfully without damage to the historic characteristics of the building or to the building itself, is in understanding how the building was designed and how it deals with moisture. With a thorough understanding of these elements, one can ascertain if insulating the exterior wall of his/her historic building is appropriate.Department of Architecture
12
Fetahagic, Adi, and Henrik Pantzar. "LCA och LCC av olika isoleringsmaterial i en träbaserad väggkonstruktion." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41116.
Abstract:
Syfte: Syftet med arbetet var att utföra en jämförelse av olika isoleringsmaterial i en träbaserad väggkonstruktion genom LCA och LCC och att sedan skapa ett beslutsunderlag vid val av isoleringsmaterial. Tidigare forskning kring koldioxidutsläpp för olika byggmaterial finns. Däremot är det inte vanligt att dessa studeras tillsammans med ekonomiska aspekter. Målet med arbetet var att genomföra en LCA- och LCC-jämförelse av mineralull och andra typer av isoleringsmaterial i en träbaserad väggkonstruktion och genom resultatet skapa beslutsunderlag vid val av isoleringsmaterial. Detta bryts ner i tre frågeställningar: (1) Vilket isoleringsmaterial ger minst koldioxidbelastning med förutsättningen att tjockleken på isoleringsmaterialet ger samma u-värde i en väggkonstruktion? (2) Vilket isoleringsmaterial har lägst LCC med förutsättningen att tjockleken på isoleringsmaterialet ger samma u-värde i en väggkonstruktion? (3) Hur kan LCA- och LCC-resultat sammanvägas för att skapa beslutsunderlag för val av isoleringsmaterial? Metod: För att besvara ovan nämnda frågeställningar genomförs en litteraturstudie, fallstudie med livscykelanalys och livscykelkostnadsanalys samt dokumentanalys. Resultat: Fyra olika isoleringsmaterial i en träbaserad väggkonstruktion studerades med hänsyn till koldioxidutsläpp och livscykelkostnader. Materialåtgång och u-värde beräknades för väggkonstruktionen. Funktionell enhet för analyserna är 1 kvadratmeter av väggkonstruktionen med ett u-värde på först 0,164 W/m2K och sedan 0,106 W/m2K. Det material som leder till lägst koldioxidutsläpp för väggkonstruktionen är i första hand cellulosa och därefter träfiber, mineralull och sist polyuretan. Det material som leder till lägst kostnader för väggkonstruktionen är i första hand mineralull, cellulosa, träfiber och sist polyuretan. Konsekvenser: Arbetet visar att val av isoleringsmaterial kan sänka koldioxidutsläpp under produktionsfasen utan att medföra höga kostnader. Det visar även att val av isoleringsmaterial blir än mer relevant när energisnåla byggnader ska produceras där u-värde för väggkonstruktionen ligger runt 0,11 W/m2K då detta innebär större isoleringstjocklekar totalt för väggen. För att minska koldioxidutsläpp utan att nämnvärt höja kostnaden bör organiska isoleringsmaterial väljas. Begränsningar: Arbetet behandlar ej klimatpåverkan från husets energi- eller uppvärmningssystem. För att få samma förutsättningar för de valda isoleringsmaterialen måste samma u-värden i väggkonstruktionen uppnås. Arbetet avser hela livscykeln från vagga till grav i en LCA och LCC, dock har utsläpp genererade av transport utelämnats i analyserna. Enbart de termiska och miljömässiga egenskaperna hos isoleringsmaterialen kommer att beaktas. I fallstudien beaktas en träbaserad yttervägg av ett flerbostadshus med trästomme.Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to perform a comparison of different insulation materials in a wood-based wall structure through LCA and LCC analysis, and then tocreate a decision base for the selection of insulation material. Previous research oncarbon dioxide emissions for various building materials has been done. On the otherhand, it is not common for these to be studied together with economic aspects. The aimof the work is to perform an LCA and LCC comparison of mineral wool and other types of insulation material in a wood-based wall structure and through the result create decision basis in the selection of insulation material. This is investigated by three questions: (1) Which insulation material emits the lowest amount CO2-equivalents, considering that the thickness of the insulation material has the same u-value in a wall structure? (2) Which insulation material leads to lowest LCC, considering that the thickness of the insulation material gives the same u-value in a wall structure? (3) How can LCA and LCC results together create decision bases for choosing insulation materials? Method: In order to answer the above questions a literature study, case study with lifecycle analysis and life cycle cost analysis and document analysis is conducted. Findings: Four different insulation materials in a wood-based wall structure were studied concerning carbon dioxide emissions and life cycle costs. Material utilization and u-value were calculated for the wall structure. Functional unit for the analyses is 1 square meter of the wall structure with a u-value of 0.166 W/m2K and 0.107 W/m2K. The material that leads to the lowest carbon dioxide emissions for the wall structure is cellulose, wood fibre, mineral wool and lastly polyurethane. The material that leads tothe lowest cost of the wall structure is mineral wool, cellulose, wood fibre and lastly polyurethane. Implications: The work shows that the choice of insulation materials can reduce carbondioxide emissions during the production phase without incurring excessive costs. It alsoshows that the choice of insulation materials becomes even more relevant when energy efficient buildings are to be produced where the u-value of the wall structure is around 0.11 W/m2K, as this means larger insulation thicknesses in total for the wall. In orderto reduce CO2 emissions without significantly increasing costs, organic insulation materials should be chosen. Limitations: The work does not address climate impact from the house's energy or heating system. To get the same conditions for the selected insulation materials, thesame u-values in the wall structure must be achieved. The work concerns the entire lifecycle from cradle to grave in an LCA and LCC, however, emissions generated bytransport have been omitted in the analyses. Only the thermal and environmental properties of the insulation materials are treated. The case study considers a wood-based exterior wall of a multi-story building.
13
Herrera, Gutierrez-Avellanosa Daniel. "Energy efficiency improvements in traditional buildings : exploring the role of user behaviour in the hygrothermal performance of solid walls." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2109.
Abstract:
Thermal improvement of traditional and historic buildings is going to play a crucial role in the achievement of established carbon emission targets. The suitable retrofit options for traditional buildings are, however, very limited and their long term performance is still uncertain. Evaluation of risks, prior to any alteration of building physics, is critical to avoid future damage to the fabric or occupants’ health. Moisture dynamics in building envelopes are affected by the enclosure’s geometry, materials properties and external and internal boundary conditions. Since the internal boundary is heavily influenced by users, understanding their behaviour is essential to predict the outcome of energy retrofit measures more accurately. The effect of user behaviour on energy demand has been extensively investigated; however, its impact on the hygrothermal performance of the envelopes has barely been explored. This research approached the connection between users and buildings from a new angle looking at the effect that user behaviour has on moisture dynamics of buildings’ envelopes after the retrofit. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to develop a holistic evaluation of the question. Firstly, factors influencing the adoption of energy efficiency measures in traditional buildings were explored by means of semi-structured interviews with private owners and project managers. Subsequently, a multi-case study including interviews with occupants and monitoring of environmental conditions was conducted. Data collected at this stage was used to explore users’ daily practices of comfort and to characterise the internal climate of traditional dwellings. Lastly, users’ impact was quantified using Heat, Air and Moisture (HAM) numerical simulation. This allowed for the evaluation of the hygrothermal performance of walls under different internal climate scenarios. Combined results of interviews, environmental monitoring and simulation showed that internal climate can compromise envelope performance after the retrofit and highlighted the need to consider users in the decision making process. Ultimately, the results of this research will help to increase awareness about the potential impact of user behaviour and provide recommendations to decision makers involved in the energy retrofit of traditional structures.
14
STEVENS, BENJAMIN JOHN. "AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OF THE SINGLE-POUR, CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE COMPOSITE WALL." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1082574250.
15
Gnanachelvam, Sayilacksha. "Fire and energy performance of cold-formed steel frame wall systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201471/1/Sayilacksha_Gnanachelvam_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
This research investigated the fire and energy performance of cold-formed light-gauge steel-framed (LSF) wall configurations and proposed suitable methods to improve their combined fire and energy performance through the incorporation of (1) appropriate fire-resistive and energy-efficient building materials and (2) modifications to the arrangement or configurations of walls. This research has advanced the current knowledge of both fire and energy performance of LSF walls, paving the way for the development and use of alternative materials and LSF wall configurations.
16
Berglund, Johanna, and Carolina Björkman. "Värmeisoleringsmaterial i Sverige : En jämförelse av glasull, stenull samt förnyelsebara material." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35988.
Abstract:
I Sverige ska man följa Plan- och bygglagen samt Boverkets byggregler vid ny- och ombyggnation, där både krav och regler finns för värmeisolering. Ytterväggarna är en stor del av klimatskärmen där värmeisoleringsmaterialet påverkar den värmemängd som går förlorad. Beroende på vilket värmeisoleringsmaterial man väljer, har det olika för- och nackdelar. Av denna anledning är syftet att studera olika värmeisoleringsmaterial som används i Sverige idag och hur materialen skiljer sig åt. En enkätundersökning mejlades ut till entreprenörer och återförsäljare för att ta reda på vilka värmeisoleringsmaterial som vanligast används i Sverige. Svarsfrekvensen blev låg, men de inkommande svaren bidrog till ett fortsatt arbete. Nio produkter inom kategorierna stenull, glasull och förnyelsebar isolering studerades vidare. Produkterna jämfördes utifrån tillverkning, miljöpåverkan, tekniska egenskaper, hanterbarhet, avfallshantering och kostnad. Varje aspekt tilldelades en bedömning som var kopplad till en viss poäng. Resultatet blev en tabell med totalpoäng där den produkt med högst poäng anses som den mest fördelaktiga. Vid en jämförelse med ett poängsystem, kan resultatet variera beroende på produktens egenskaper, valet av aspekter samt hur man väljer att poängsätta vid bedömning.In Sweden, you must follow the Planning and Building Act and Building and planning regulations for new- and reconstruction, where both requirements and rules are available for thermal insulation. Exterior walls are a large part of the climate screen where the thermal insulation material affects the amount of heat that is lost. Depending on which thermal insulation material you choose, it has different advantages and disadvantages. For this reason, the purpose is to study different thermal insulation materials used in Sweden today and how the materials may differ from each other. A survey was emailed to contractors and reseller to find out which thermal insulation materials are most commonly used in Sweden. The response rate was low, but the incoming responses contributed to continued work. Nine products in the categories rock wool, glass wool and renewable insulation were further studied. The products were compared based on manufacturing, environmental impact, technical properties, manageability, waste management and cost. Each aspect was awarded an assessment that was linked to a specific score. The final result was a table with total points for each product and the product with the highest score is considered the most advantageous. When you have a comparison with a points system the result can vary depending on the product's properties, the choice of aspects and how the score is set in the assessment.
17
Gunalan, Shanmuganathan. "Structural behaviour and design of cold-formed steel wall systems under fire conditions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/49799/1/Shanmuganathan_Gunalan_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
In recent times, light gauge steel framed (LSF) structures, such as cold-formed steel wall systems, are increasingly used, but without a full understanding of their fire performance. Traditionally the fire resistance rating of these load-bearing LSF wall systems is based on approximate prescriptive methods developed based on limited fire tests. Very often they are limited to standard wall configurations used by the industry. Increased fire rating is provided simply by adding more plasterboards to these walls. This is not an acceptable situation as it not only inhibits innovation and structural and cost efficiencies but also casts doubt over the fire safety of these wall systems. Hence a detailed fire research study into the performance of LSF wall systems was undertaken using full scale fire tests and extensive numerical studies. A new composite wall panel developed at QUT was also considered in this study, where the insulation was used externally between the plasterboards on both sides of the steel wall frame instead of locating it in the cavity. Three full scale fire tests of LSF wall systems built using the new composite panel system were undertaken at a higher load ratio using a gas furnace designed to deliver heat in accordance with the standard time temperature curve in AS 1530.4 (SA, 2005). Fire tests included the measurements of load-deformation characteristics of LSF walls until failure as well as associated time-temperature measurements across the thickness and along the length of all the specimens. Tests of LSF walls under axial compression load have shown the improvement to their fire performance and fire resistance rating when the new composite panel was used. Hence this research recommends the use of the new composite panel system for cold-formed LSF walls. The numerical study was undertaken using a finite element program ABAQUS. The finite element analyses were conducted under both steady state and transient state conditions using the measured hot and cold flange temperature distributions from the fire tests. The elevated temperature reduction factors for mechanical properties were based on the equations proposed by Dolamune Kankanamge and Mahendran (2011). These finite element models were first validated by comparing their results with experimental test results from this study and Kolarkar (2010). The developed finite element models were able to predict the failure times within 5 minutes. The validated model was then used in a detailed numerical study into the strength of cold-formed thin-walled steel channels used in both the conventional and the new composite panel systems to increase the understanding of their behaviour under nonuniform elevated temperature conditions and to develop fire design rules. The measured time-temperature distributions obtained from the fire tests were used. Since the fire tests showed that the plasterboards provided sufficient lateral restraint until the failure of LSF wall panels, this assumption was also used in the analyses and was further validated by comparison with experimental results. Hence in this study of LSF wall studs, only the flexural buckling about the major axis and local buckling were considered. A new fire design method was proposed using AS/NZS 4600 (SA, 2005), NAS (AISI, 2007) and Eurocode 3 Part 1.3 (ECS, 2006). The importance of considering thermal bowing, magnified thermal bowing and neutral axis shift in the fire design was also investigated. A spread sheet based design tool was developed based on the above design codes to predict the failure load ratio versus time and temperature for varying LSF wall configurations including insulations. Idealised time-temperature profiles were developed based on the measured temperature values of the studs. This was used in a detailed numerical study to fully understand the structural behaviour of LSF wall panels. Appropriate equations were proposed to find the critical temperatures for different composite panels, varying in steel thickness, steel grade and screw spacing for any load ratio. Hence useful and simple design rules were proposed based on the current cold-formed steel structures and fire design standards, and their accuracy and advantages were discussed. The results were also used to validate the fire design rules developed based on AS/NZS 4600 (SA, 2005) and Eurocode Part 1.3 (ECS, 2006). This demonstrated the significant improvements to the design method when compared to the currently used prescriptive design methods for LSF wall systems under fire conditions. In summary, this research has developed comprehensive experimental and numerical thermal and structural performance data for both the conventional and the proposed new load bearing LSF wall systems under standard fire conditions. Finite element models were developed to predict the failure times of LSF walls accurately. Idealized hot flange temperature profiles were developed for non-insulated, cavity and externally insulated load bearing wall systems. Suitable fire design rules and spread sheet based design tools were developed based on the existing standards to predict the ultimate failure load, failure times and failure temperatures of LSF wall studs. Simplified equations were proposed to find the critical temperatures for varying wall panel configurations and load ratios. The results from this research are useful to both structural and fire engineers and researchers. Most importantly, this research has significantly improved the knowledge and understanding of cold-formed LSF loadbearing walls under standard fire conditions.
18
Skarin, Erik, and Andreas Carlsson. "ANVÄNDNING AV VAKUUMISOLERING I EN NÄRA-NOLLENERGIVILLA; MÖJLIGHETER OCH BEGRÄNSNINGAR." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-29695.
Abstract:
Objectives set by the EU means that all buildings after 2020 has to be nearly zero energy buildings. This means that thicker layers of insulation have to be added in the wall construction which makes the wall thicker. It means that the living area will be reduced. Vacuum insulation is a highly effective type of insulation and because of its low thermal conductivity it has the ability to reduce the thickness in wall structures. This project investigates a proposal to apply vacuum insulation in one-storey buildings. In order to achieve the goals of the project, a proposal for a one-storey building was developed. Calculations have been made and the proposal was developed as an alternative to show how to construct a family home containing vacuum insulation. The empirical data was collected through interviews, document analysis and literature studies. The collected data was analyzed together with the theoretical framework that has been developed through literature studies and document analysis. Creating a wall construction containing vacuum insulation as a primary insulation usually means that the wall will be considerably thinner than a wall construction with traditional insulation. This means that living area can be saved. Vacuum insulation has to be protected properly as it is easily punctured where upon it loses the most of its insulation capacity. Vacuum insulation is not common on the Swedish construction market today, this is due to many factors, including its high price. Vacuum insulation is a good problem solver which can be used in bay windows to gain extra space. One can also make use for it in tight spaces. From an economic point of view vacuum insulation offers the greatest advantages in cities where living space is considerably higher than in rural areas. To take part of the work there is no need for prior knowledge about vacuum insulation. The project focuses only on wall structures in the single-storey villas, therefor, no indentations has been made on the floor- and roof structures or other building types. The project only focuses on newly constructed buildings. No calculations are made for moisture or production costs.Mål uppsatta av EU innebär att samtliga byggnader som uppförs vid år 2020 måste vara nära-nollenergihus. För väggarna i konstruktionen innebär det att tjockare lager av isolering måste adderas vilket ger bredare väggkonstruktioner. Bredare väggkonstruktioner innebär även att boarean minskas. Vakuumisolering är ett högeffektivt isoleringsmaterial som genom sin låga värmeledningsförmåga har möjligheten att minska tjockleken vid väggkonstruktioner på grund av dess tunna skikt. Arbetet utreder ett förslag att applicera vakuumisolering i enplansvillor. För att uppnå arbetets mål har ett förslag på enplansvilla tagits fram. Beräkningar har gjorts och förslaget är framtaget som ett alternativ för att visa hur en villa innehållande vakuumisolering kan utformas. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom intervjuer, dokumentanalyser samt litteraturstudier. Empirin analyseras sedan tillsammans med det framtagna teoretiska ramverket genom litteraturstudier och dokumentanalyser. Att skapa en väggkonstruktion med vakuumisolering som primär isolering betyder oftast att väggen blir avsevärt mycket tunnare än en väggkonstruktion av traditionell isolering, vilket betyder att boarea kan sparas. Vakuumisolering måste skyddas på rätt sätt i väggkonstruktioner eftersom materialet lätt punkteras varpå det förlorar den största delen av sin isoleringsförmåga. Idag är inte vakuumisolering utbrett på den svenska byggmarknaden vilket beror på många faktorer, bland annat dess höga pris. Vakuumisolering är en väldigt bra problemlösare som med fördel kan användas i burspråk för att vinna extra utrymme. Det kan även användas i trånga utrymmen som elnischar. Ur ekonomisk synpunkt ger vakuumisolering störst fördel i städer där boarea per kvadratmeter är högre än motsvarande på landsbygden. För att ta del av arbetet krävs inga förkunskaper om vakuumisolering. Arbetet fokuserar endast på väggkonstruktioner i enplansvillor, därför har inga fördjupningar skett på golv- och takkonstruktioner eller andra byggnadstyper. Enbart nybyggnationer av trästommar är utrett. Beräkningar är inte gjorda för fukt och produktionskostnader.
19
Tell, Emma, and Oskar Jansson. "Fuktproblem i putsade fasader : Enstegstätade ytterväggar utsatta för slagregn." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-32424.
Abstract:
One purpose of this work was to examine if a modification of the exterior insulation finishing system can lower the number of outer walls damaged by damp. The modification is the cut of the cellular plastic which is 45 degrees instead of a horizontal cut. One other purpose was; is cellular plastic or mineral wool better as insulation to minimize the dampness in this type of outer walls? A third purpose was to examine if there is any difference of dampness in the outer walls if using a gravel bed or concrete stones next to the outer wall. To examine these three purposes a laboratory experiment with three test walls with an exterior insulation finishing system was built. The difference between the three walls was the insulation. One wall was built with mineral wool with a horizontal cut, one with cellular plastic with a horizontal cut and the third with cellular plastic with a cut of 45 degrees. Simulations of pelting rain and measurements of dampness were carried out for 21 days. The measurements were taken at the same time every evening. After 21 days small samples of tree from the walls was weight, dried in an oven and then weight again to get the quantity of moisture in the samples before they were dried. A diffusion calculation of two outer walls, one with cellular plastic and one with mineral wool, was completed to examine the difference between the relative humidity in the walls. An identical calculation without a plastic film was executed too. The result of the calculations showed a minimal difference in the walls built with a plastic film. When the film was removed the result presented critical values. The result of the laboratory experiment indicates that the test wall with the cut of 45 degrees is better than the walls with a horizontal cut of the insulation. The differences were minimal but possible to read. Some critical, too high, values regarding the moisture content in wood were found and they came from the sills in the walls that had insulation with horizontal cuts. Of the two insulation types the result of calculations and laboratory experiment shows a minimal difference but they both indicates a better result for the mineral wool. The conclusion of this work indicates that cellular plastic with a 45 degree cut is slightly better than the horizontal cut. The comparison of cellular plastic and mineral wool indicates that the mineral wool is better. Another conclusion of this work is that the material on the ground next to the outer wall did not alter the dampness in the wall.
20
Sullivan, Rory Daniel. "Sound insulation of brick diaphragm walls." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318231.
21
Niedoba, Andrzej. "Fotbalový klub." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226539.
Abstract:
The project designs the new building of football club with one unit on the second floor and gym that is open to the public. The building has a flat roof. It is designed as a wall construction system with a contact thermal – insulation system. The project will also include the parking and pavements.
22
Tomíček, Dominik. "Zdravotní středisko." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372191.
Abstract:
In my diploma thesis I drafted a layout of a medical facility of emergency care in the town Kravaře. I focus on a choice of an appropriate structural design and processing of the design documentation for the construction in accordance with the laws, bylaws and the technical standard. The building is a standalone three stories building without cellar and with a flat roof. There are 16 medical units, a pharmacy and an optician. The construction is based on reinforced concrete foundation slab and walled with sand-lime blocks. The ceiling is constructed from cast-in-place reinforced slab. The façade is made of combination of ventilated façade with fibre-cement board paneling, insulation system and a glazed area with sunscreen. The construction is roofed with a warm flat roof. The openings in the external walls are designed as aluminum infills.
23
Pánková, Aneta. "Mateřská školka." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265502.
Abstract:
This thesis solves the desing documentation for implementation of kidsgarden. The land is situated in the village Kramolna. Land is oriented to the southwest. The kidsgarden is detached as two-store building without basement. In kidsgarden there are designed three departments for children´s stay and multipurpose hall. The total projected number of children is 60. The building is founded on footings and covered with a flat roof. The building project is completed in accordance with layout, architecture and structural design and safety in use.
24
Filipčík, Martin. "Polyfunkční dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409991.
Abstract:
The aim of the diploma thesis is composition of project documentation for construction of multifunctional building. Object is situated on the cadastral area of Třebíč in the location Na kopcích on the eastern part of city. Terain is slightly sloping. In the multifunctional bulding there are four above-ground floor and one below-ground floor. In the below-ground floor there are situated technical and storage spaces. In the first below-ground floor there are two entrances, the first one for administrative part and second one for residential part. The first and second above-ground floor is used for administrative purposes. The third and fourth above-ground floor is used for living in flats. Above part of the third above-ground floor there is roof made of extensive green roof and above the fourth above-ground floor there is roof made of a flat roof with a classical order of layers with waterproofing layer made of PCV-P. There is a lift in the part of object with flats. The vertical construction system of the building is wall-mounted, supplemented with girders and columns. The ceiling structures are made of reinforced concrete monolithic slabs. The staircase is monolithic reinforced concrete.
25
Juríková, Veronika. "Penzion pro seniory." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392230.
Abstract:
The diploma thesis deals with a new building of retirement home. This thesis aims to elaborate a project documentation for the construction of the building. It is a self-standing object on a flat land. The retirement home has one underground floor and three above ground floors. On the underground floor there are the retirement home’s technical equipment and warehouses. On the ground floor there are public services: patisserie and café, hairdresser, dining room. The first floor and the second floor are designed for the accommodation of seniors in single and double apartments. There are also a common room and retirement home’s equipment. The bearing construction consists of ceramic masonry of thickness 300 mm and reinforced concrete columns. The masonry and the columns are based on a concrete bases and concrete beads. The retirement home is roofed with a mono-pitched roof. The object is insulated by a contact thermal insulation system.
26
Pánek, Martin. "Víceúčelový dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226543.
Abstract:
The main concern of this thesis is to design a five-storey multifunctional house. The house is divided into the main living area to which it belongs especially residential units accessible by stairs from the ground floor and also basement boxes and room for prams. On the ground floor are also located the individual garage, store room and technology. The house has four floors and a basement, the basement are located mass garages. The house has a sloping wooden roof trusses.
27
Tušl, David. "Novostavba ústavu sociální péče - Bílá voda." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372148.
Abstract:
The subject of my master’s thesis deals with design of a new social care institution building. The building is located on land with spectacular view in Kratochvilka village. The building has four floors and basement. The building has forty beds for seniors and limited options of catering service. The building consists dining room, offices and nurse room on the first floor. Surgery, massage saloon and technical background is located in the basement. On the second, third and fourth floor are senior’s rooms. The walls will consist of bricks with an additional contact thermal insulation system ETICS, the ceiling will be reinforced concrete constructions and the house will have a walkable flat green roof. Design documentation was processed using the program AutoCAD 2014.
28
Rolinc, Martin. "Sportovní centrum Všechovice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392051.
Abstract:
This diploma thesis deals with the design of a new sports center, which is situated in the cadastral unit of the village Všechovice 787086 (district of Přerov), on the plot number 163/1. The land is a planar character. It is a three floor building with two above-ground and partial basement. The construction is a square ground plan. The building is based on the strips foundation and foundation pads. The wall structural system consists of sandstone km beta sendwix blocks. The frame structural system is made up of reinforced concrete columns and beams, with the brickwork made of ytong classics. The external walls are insulated with a mineral wool insulation etics contact system. Ceiling structures are made of reinforced concrete slabs and wooden ceiling beams. The building is roofed with 3% flat roofs and part of the multipurpose hall is roofed with a curved, rolled roof. The diploma thesis is performed as a design documentation for the building process.
29
Kárníková, Iva. "Požární stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226556.
Abstract:
Project documentation of new P3 type firehouse is presented in this master thesis. Firehouse’s design is in accordance with ČSN 73 5710 Požární stanice a požární zbrojnice and includes premises for: administration, teaching, day and night emergency, gymnasium, firehouse’s workshop and garrage. Its structure is made of sand-lime brickwork wall system combined with system of reinforced concrete pillars. Ceilings are designed using prestressed hollow core slabs. Firehouse is completed by external wall insulation and single-coated roof.
30
Karlsson, Sofie, and Agnes Geijersson. "Optimering av en ytterväggsprodukt : En undersökning av alternativa isoleringsmaterial." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76446.
Abstract:
AquaVillas CasaBona väggsystem innehåller i dagsläget isoleringsmaterialet EPS, vilket har visat svagheter vid brand. Målet med denna studie var att föreslå ett alternativt isoleringsmaterial till EPS med hänsyn till brand, energianvändning och U-värde, samt energiåtgång och koldioxidutsläpp vid tillverkning. Syftet var att det föreslagna alternativa isoleringsmaterialet skall kunna användas av tillverkare i väggprodukter som ett alternativ till EPS. I denna studie undersöktes fyra olika isoleringsmaterial genom kritisk granskning av vetenskapliga artiklar och litteratur, samt genom fältstudie och beräkningar i energiberäkningsprogrammet VIP-energy. De isoleringsmaterial som undersöktes var expanderad polystyren, polyuretan, polyisocyanurat och stenull. Resultaten visade att EPS, PUR och PIR är avsevärt sämre ur brandsynpunkt än stenull. Vid tillverkning av de olika isoleringsmaterialen fick EPS bäst resultat när det gäller koldioxidutsläpp. För energiåtgång vid tillverkning fick EPS bäst resultat då isoleringsskiktet i det undersökta väggsystemet var 200 mm tjockt, men då utgångspunkten istället var att väggen skulle ha ett U-värde på 0,112 W/m2K, fick stenull bäst resultat i denna kategori. PUR och PIR fick sämst resultat gällande både energiåtgång och koldioxidutsläpp vid tillverkning. Stenull gav väggen den bästa energianvändningen men samtliga material klarade kraven i Boverkets Byggregler. Vid sammanvägning av samtliga undersökta egenskaper för de olika isoleringsmaterialen anses det mest lämpliga materialet för en vägg vara stenull.The AquaVilla CasaBona wall system currently contains the insulation material EPS, which has shown weaknesses while exposed to fire. The aim for this study was to suggest an alternative insulation material to EPS regarding fire, energy use and U-vale as well as energy use and carbon dioxide emissions for manufacturing. The purpose was that the suggested alternative insulation material should be able to be used by manufacturers in wall products as an alternative to EPS. In this study, four different insulation materials were examined by critically reviewing scientific articles and literature, as well as field studies and calculations with the energy calculation program VIP-energy. The insulation materials investigated were expanded polystyrene, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate and rockwool. The findings showed that EPS, PUR and PIR were not nearly as good as rockwool regarding fire. When manufacturing the various insulation materials, EPS gives the best results in terms of carbon dioxide emissions. EPS gives the best results regarding energy use for manufacturing when the insulation layer in the investigated wall system was 200 mm thick, but when the wall was given a U-value of 0,112 W/m2K, rockwool got the best results in this category. PUR and PIR gave the worst results regarding both energy use and carbon dioxide emissions at manufacturing. Rockwool generated the best results regarding energy use, but all of the materials met the requirements from Boverkets Byggregler. When comparing all the investigated characteristics of the various insulation materials, the most suitable material for an external wall was considered to be rockwool.
31
Hladký, Adam. "Hasičská stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265360.
Abstract:
This diploma thesis „Firehouse“ is processed in the form of design documentation for building construction. It´s a new building of firehouse, JPO IV category, P type, for firefighters of Správa železniční dopravní cesty. Object is composed from three parts - administrative and operational part, garage for fire vehicles and maintenance part. Main entrance and exits from the garages are situated on west. Administrative and operational part has two floors and it´s roofed by double-shell roofs. The garage and maintenance have one floor and they are roofed by single-shell roof. Structural system is partly masonry and partly reinforced concrete. Object is located in flat terrain in peripheral locality of the Přerov city.
32
Ruiz, Margot. "Modélisation des transferts hygrothermiques à travers les parois dans un modèle de climat urbain : application aux centres-villes historiques à réhabiliter." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAT0045.
Abstract:
Améliorer l'efficacité énergétique des bâtiments et limiter l'ilot de chaleur urbain est une priorité, en particulier dans les centres-villes historiques, composés de bâtiments peu isolés. Un des leviers d’action envisagés est l'isolation des parois. Cependant, la rénovation des parois anciennes rencontre de nombreux obstacles (technologiques, architecturaux, urbains). Ces parois ont notamment un comportement hygrothermique spécifique, qu’il convient de prendre en compte pour éviter l’apparition de pathologies et estimer correctement les déperditions énergétiques. Il est donc primordial d’intégrer les transferts hygrothermiques à travers les parois pour simuler efficacement le bâti ancien. Néanmoins, la plupart des modèles à l’échelle urbaine négligent les transferts hydriques à travers les parois.Cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode de résolution numérique pour les transferts hygrothermiques, qui est adaptée aux différentes contraintes de la modélisation à l’échelle urbaine (résolutions spatio-temporelles, méthode numérique etc.). La validation est réalisée en deux temps : une partie numérique et une partie expérimentale. La validation numérique est effectuée par une comparaison inter-modèle, en s’appuyant sur quinze compositions de parois et trois climats. La validation expérimentale utilise les données enregistrées dans plusieurs bâtiments rénovés à partir de matériaux biosourcés et instrumentés dans le centre médiéval de la ville de Cahors.Ensuite, les transferts couplés de masse et de chaleur dans les parois sont intégrés dans le modèle de climat urbain TEB (Town Energy Balance), en utilisant la méthode développée et validée. La pertinence de cette nouvelle version de TEB pour représenter le centre-ville médiéval de Cahors est évaluée par comparaison avec des mesures in-situ. Une amélioration significative est constatée pour la simulation de l’humidité relative intérieure. L’impact des transferts d’humidité est discuté à plusieurs échelles.Finalement, la réhabilitation des parois anciennes des bâtiments du centre-ville de Cahors est étudiée à partir de plusieurs types d’isolant thermique positionnés à l’intérieur ou à l’extérieur. Ces scénarios de réhabilitation sont simulés en utilisant la version modifiée de TEB incluant les transferts d’humidité à travers les parois. Leur pertinence est comparée, vis-à-vis des enjeux énergétiques, du confort intérieur et extérieur, de la conservation du patrimoine et de la durabilité des parois. Des recommandations sont formulées en fonction du type de paroisImproving the energy efficiency of buildings and mitigating the urban heat island is a priority, particularly in historical city centres, which are composed of poorly insulated buildings. One of the levers of action envisaged is wall insulation. However, the retrofit of old walls faces numerous obstacles (technological, architectural, urban). In particular, these walls have a specific hygrothermal behavior, which needs to be taken into account to avoid the appearance of pathologies and to correctly estimate energy losses. It is therefore essential to integrate hygrothermal transfers through the walls to effectively simulate old buildings. However, most urban-scale models neglect moisture transfer through walls.This thesis proposes a new numerical method for solving hygrothermal transfers, which is adapted to the various constraints of urban-scale modeling (spatio-temporal resolutions, numerical method, etc.). Validation is carried out in two steps: a numerical part and an experimental part. Numerical validation is based on an inter-model comparison, using fifteen wall compositions and three climates. Experimental validation uses data recorded in several buildings retrofitted with bio-based materials and instrumented in the medieval city centre of Cahors.Then, coupled heat and mass transfer through walls are integrated into the TEB (Town Energy Balance) urban climate model, using the developed and validated method. The suitability of this new version of TEB to represent the medieval town center of Cahors is assessed by comparison with in-situ measurement. A significant improvement is observed when simulating indoor relative humidity. The impact of moisture transfer is discussed at several scales.Finally, the retrofit of the old walls of buildings in the city center of Cahors is studied using several types of thermal insulation positioned inside or outside. These retrofitting scenarios are simulated with the modified version of TEB, including moisture transfer through the walls. Their relevance is compared with regard to energy issues, indoor and outoor comfort, heritage conservation and wall durability. Recommendations are given according to the type of wall
33
Pigeon, Valentin. "Laser induced fluorescence study of plasma-insulator wall interaction involving secondary electron emission." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0307.
Abstract:
Dans les propulseurs à effet Hall, l’interaction entre le plasma et les parois en céramique a un impact sur la durée de vie et les performances de ces machines. Ceci est dû en partie à l’émission d’électrons secondaires (EES), capable de refroidir le plasma et peut déclencher de la turbulence et des instabilités. Pour ces raisons, il est nécessaire de comprendre l’interaction plasma-céramique et d’évaluer l’impact de l’EES. Cette étude est destinée principalement à caractériser les gaines plasma faisant face aux céramiques des propulseurs à effet Hall. Celles-ci sont comparées aux gaines d’autres matériaux utilisés en physique des plasmas en précisant l’influence de l’EES. La partie expérimentale de cette étude repose principalement sur le diagnostic de fluorescence induite par laser permettant de sonder les gaines plasmas de manière non-intrusive. La structure des gaines, les variations de la densité ionique et la forme des fonctions de distribution ionique sont présentées et discutées. Il apparaît que la gaine varie d’un matériau à l’autre et que l’EES des céramiques de propulseurs est plus faible que celle des autres céramiques étudiées. Ce dernier résultat est cohérent avec de précédentes études. D’autre part, la densité ionique atteint un maximum près de l’entrée de la gaine, un résultat non prédit par les théories de gaine. Les résultats expérimentaux sont comparés à un modèle de gaine 1D cinétique et à des simulations cinétiques, qui tous deux utilisent des taux d’émission secondaire disponibles dans la littérature. Enfin, la première étape pour la mesure de gaines plasma hautement émissive par fluorescence induite par laser est présentéeIn Hall-effect ion thrusters, the interaction between the plasma and the ceramic walls has an impact on the devices’ lifetime and performances. This is partially due to the secondary electron emission (SEE), a phenomenon that may cool down the plasma, resulting in a lower ionization rate, and may trigger turbulence and instabilities. For these reasons, it is necessary to understand the plasma-ceramic wall interaction and evaluate the impact of the SEE. This study mainly focuses on plasma sheaths – the fundamental mechanism involved in plasma-wall interaction – standing in front of Hall thrusters’ ceramics. Those sheaths are compared to other materials’ ones used in plasma devices, and the influence of the SEE on them is studied. The experimental part of the study mainly relies on the laser induced fluorescence diagnostic that allows to probe plasma sheaths in a non-intrusive way. The sheaths’ structure, the ion density variations and the ion distribution functions’ shape are presented and discussed. It is shown that the sheath is material dependent and that the thrusters’ ceramics’ SEE is lower than for the other studied ceramics, which is coherent with previous measurements. Also, a peak in the ion density is observed near the sheath entrance, a result not captured by the classical sheath theory. These experimental results are compared with a 1D kinetic sheath model and kinetic simulations that use the SEE yields found in the literature. Finally, the first step of highly emissive plasma sheath measured with laser induced fluorescence is presented
34
Kropáč, Petr. "Polyfunkční dům v Šumperku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265598.
Abstract:
The subject of this thesis is the implementation of the project documentation construction of polyfunctional house. The future object will be located in Šumperk Street Šumavská and fits seamlessly into the surrounding buildings. The building is detached, it has five floors and no basement. Construction system is primarily wall, only some elements of the framed. The roof of the object is flat and will not be operational. On the first floor there is a snack bar and two shops are also located on the first floor of technical facilities and common areas for residential units. On the second floor is office space for the two companies. In the amounts of ground floors for living spaces. Altogether there will be located fifteen housing units.
35
Bednář, Jiří. "Bytový dům ve svahu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226789.
Abstract:
The aim of my master's thesis is a project of a new apartment building on a sloped site at a level of the documentation for the structure realization. The building is partly basement with four above-ground floor. Individual floors up recede and are roofed with flat roofs. The structural system of the basement part is made up of permanent shuttering and the above-ground part is made up wall of cross laminated timber construction panels KLH. The project of the building is in accordance with the development plan of Kopřivnice and with the current street built. The work puts great emphasis on layout including security of the construction in terms of statics, architecture, energy savings and safety at utilizing the structure.
36
Uhrinec, Marek. "Rekonstrukce budovy kina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240477.
Abstract:
The diploma thesis is focused on a reconstruction of a cinema building in the town Gbely. It’s complete reconstruction of exterior and interior too. Original function, cinema, is change to sport and cultural centrum now. Object is consist of cafe, squash hall, climbing wall and sauna with rest room. Several thermal insulations are used to isolate object and satisfy a norm terms. The foundations are post insulated too. The interior is divided into functional spaces with Heluz system. New finishes in the object is created by brick paving, klinker, ceramic tiles and tiling. All windows and doors are replaced by new ones in the object. Sliding doors are used in interior for save space. The windows and doors are plastic between interior and exterior. All sanitations are replaced by new ones too. The reinforced concrete floor is used instead of lead bearing lintels. The wheelchair conditions are satisfied on ground floor.
37
Hasoň, Václav. "Objekt občanské vybavenosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409999.
Abstract:
The diploma thesis elaborates on the design of a new building of freestanding retirement home in the town of Litomyšl. The design of the retirement home is in the form of project documentation for the construction. The new building includes a partial basement and three floors. The main purpose is to build a building for housing with flats for seniors and to provide health care to seniors living here and from the surrounding area. On the 1st floor, there is an administrative part, a doctor's office with the possibility of rehabilitation and a dining room with facilities for food preparation, which is imported into the home. The dining room serves both the guests and the public. The remaining part of the first floor consists of social, administrative and utility rooms. On the 2nd and 3rd floors, there are individual apartments for clients with a common room for visits and spending their free time. On the 1st floor, there is a maintenance center, boiler room, server room, furniture store, and estate depository. Basement walls are monolithic, made of reinforced concrete. The construction system of the above-ground floors is wall-mounted, bidirectional and made of ground brick blocks. The ceilings and staircases are monolithic, made of reinforced concrete. External walls are insulated with a contact thermal insulation systems. The building is mainly based on footings or foot anchors. The retirement home is located on the edge of the town near the Litomyšl Hospital. The land is suitable for construction, as it is located in the area for the construction of civil buildings.
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Houška, Petr. "Rezidenční bydlení: bytový dům Žirovnice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225750.
Abstract:
The diploma thesis is a project of an apartment block with a total number of 10 apartments. The building is located in the cadastral areas of Žirovnice 797154 on the numbers of parcels 653/1, 634/1, 634/2. The building is a five-storey building with four floors above the ground and one underground floor. Floors are designed as a brick system with the contact insulation. Underground floor consists of a reinforced concrete wall monolith which is based on the footings. Horizontal structures are made up of prefabricated ceramic system Miako and a reinforced concrete monolithic slab. The roof is flat and single-layer. The floors are connected by monolithic reinforced concrete staircase and an elevator which is located in the shaft.
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Grigarová, Karolína. "Domov pro seniory." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265656.
Abstract:
The aim of my diploma thesis is to elaborate project documentation for the execution of a new building home for elderly people. The intention is to construct a new apartment building for pensioners who are able to do activities of daily living. There can be found 24 lease flats for a maximum of 30 accommodated people. The home offers 12 hours care service and has rooms for carers, dining rooms, places for rehabilitation, outpatient care and stores for keeping accommodated people’s things. The whole area has wheelchair access and counts with the movement of people with reduced mobility. The building is designed as brick, using clay blocks which are put on concrete foundation strips. Thermal insulation is a combination of contact thermal insulation system and ventilated facade with hanging plates. The roofing is designed partly as a float double-shell roof with timber truss girder, and partly as a single-shell roof with concrete load-bearing structure. The drawing documentation has been created using computer programs AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, and the programs by doc. Dr. Ing. Zbyněk Svoboda (Teplo, Area, Stabilita, Simulace) and another simple computer programs like Excel were used for the thermal assessment.
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Černý, Dávid. "Novostavba hotelu u Přehrady." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371832.
Abstract:
The subject of this diploma thesis was to process the study and the design documentation for a newly built hotel in Brno, in city district “Kníničky” near the artificial dam “Přehrada” in a rest area. The hotel will serve as temporary accommodation for up to 64 hotel guests in single, double and four bed rooms. The object also contains training rooms, offices, a meeting room, a café, a small grocery store and a restaurant with kitchen. Parking is possible in one of the two mass garages and there is an outdoor parking possibility in front of the hotel too. The building has a cast-in-place concrete frame with longitudinal beams and sway bracings. The external wall consists of aerated concrete bricks with contact thermal insulation system ETICS (insulation material mineral wool), the ceilings will be cast-in-place reinforced concrete ceilings and the roof flat green roof or flat roof with gravel on it above the 5th floor. The foundation construction consists of reinforced concrete foundation strips, which expand to foundation pads under the load-bearing columns and will be supported by piled foundations under the most exposed elements. As long as the hotel is situated into a fairly steep slope, the vertical alignment of some building parts is various so part of the project is the design of landscaping works. Design documentation was processed using the program AutoCAD 2017, the study and the visualization using both SketchUp 2015, LayOut 2015 and Lumion 5.
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Uhlíř, Karel. "Bytový dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226196.
Abstract:
Diploma thesis develops comprehensive documentation of the new building construction of residential house on the level of the implementation of the project construction. Proposal emphasizes layout of linked to ensure the technical design, structural, fire safety, protection against noise, energy saving, safety in use. Work is performed in an electronic format using AutoCAD and Microsoft Word (PDF Creator).
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Pavlíček, Jan. "Rekonstrukce bytového domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240304.
Abstract:
The subject of this final thesis is prepared detailed project documentation for the reconstruction of apartment building on Karáskovo Square in Brno - Židenice. The existing building is rectangular and is a part of a apartment terraced buildings. Residential building has a basement and three floors and an attic. The main entrance is oriented to the southwest. Foundation structures are concrete, vertical support system is a brick wall, roof structure is wooden roof standing stool with pleated ceramic tiles.
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Kuznetsova, O. O. "Reduction of thermal bridge effects caused by junctions between external walls and balcony slabs." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9733.
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Staňová, Monika. "Bytový dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240402.
Abstract:
The aim of this master´s thesis is a project of a new building of a flat house situated in the cadastral area of Kunstat. The building site is sloping towards south and east. The building is sitting on the suburb of the village and contains three floors above ground level and it partitially includes basement. The purpose of this building is to accommodate foreign pensioners (German, Austrian) as there is demand on the market and in future when the trend changes it will be converted in to normal flat house for young families. The roof is constructed as a flat single skin roof. In the ground floor (basement) there is a surgery, food shop and newsagent, gym, swimming room and utility rooms. A restaurant, kitchen, social room, chapel, utility rooms and employees dressing rooms are situated in the first floor. The flats are accessible only for the flat owners through a door. The following other two storeys includes only flats. For the main wall structural system we have used a shuttered wall system. Documentation has been prepared for this building construction. The graphical part of this documentation has been processed in the AUTOCAD software.
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Wrana, Lukáš. "Hasičská stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265476.
Abstract:
The subject of this thesis is to create a project documentation of the design of new construction of fire station in Šumperk. The fire station is designed according to ČSN 73 5710 as a C type station that will be used by professional fire brigade of Olomouc district. The object is structurally divided into two parts - a masonry building, and a reinforced concrete frame. The administrative part of the building together with the base of the fire brigade, technical room, and a fire tower are designed as a masonry building made of Ytong cellular concrete units. One of the parts is designed as a two-level object, while the technical room and the fire tower are designed as a sigle-level object. The circumferential masonry is insulated by contact thermal insulation system. The floor construction is made of Spiroll prestressed floor slabs. The roof is designed as a warm flat roof. The garage is a single-level building with built-in structure of storerooms in part of the garage. The precast reinforced concrete frame is set on foundation pads and foundation sills. The horizontal and vertical supporting structure consists of reinforced concrete parts – columns, Spiroll floor slabs, floor girders, sway frames, purlins and small purlins. The whole object is covered by a warm flat roof. The external cladding consists of PUR isolating sanwich panels.
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Bíza, Petr. "Společenský dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227523.
Abstract:
The diploma thesis focuses on project of new building of social house in Mutěnice in Hodonín district in South Moravian region. The project is in accordance with official assignment and with contemporary Czech standards and legislation. The building is placed in inner part of the town close to the town centre. It’s designed on an empty plot owned by town. Object should serve to the town citizens as cultural and social meeting point. The building plan is irregullarly-shaped with maximum dimensions 29,5 X 52,0 m and has two floors. Inside the social house there is a dance hall, restastaurant with kitchen and rooms for cultural and social activities of citizens of Mutěnice. Structural system can be divided into two parts. The part of the building with dance hall consists of feinforced concrete frames combined with infill masonry walls. The other part with restaurant and other rooms is made of masonry walls. The foundations of the building are made of concrete strip foundations and reinforced concrete square footings with grade beams. Bearing walls are made of sand-lime blocks KM Beta. Ceilings are made of prestressed concrete floor slabs Spiroll. Partition walls consist of plasterboard panels. The building is roofed by flat extensive green roof. All external walls are insulated with mineral wool. Doors and windows have wooden frames and triple glazing. As result there’s structurally, operationally and aesthetically functional complex, that will be benefit for the town and its citizens, especially for their cultural and social life.
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Wilkonský, Roman. "Autosalon se servisem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227284.
Abstract:
This diploma thesis is being solved for documentation of building in the stage of execution. The building is designed as a showroom with car repair shop. The building site is located in the land registry of Ostrava – Vítkovice. Project documentation is designed accordingly to the valid Czech Republic’s laws, bills and building standards. The building is divided into two objects the first one is showroom with administration and the second one is the car repair shop with washing room and restrooms. These two objects are structurally and operationally connected. The largest plan dimensions are 68,56 x 38,36 m. The building is designed as a reinforced concrete frame in the administrative part and a reinforced concrete wall system in the car repair part. The roof is in both cases realized by using steel trusses. The reinforced concrete frame is lined with aerated concrete masonry. In the roof part it is cladded with sandwich steel panels. The building is founded on reinforced concrete foundation pads with combination of strip foundations. The car repair shop is designed as one floor building, whereas the administrative part is designed as two floor.
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Pulgretová, Kateřina. "Sportovně-relaxační centrum." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227480.
Abstract:
The aim of the project is a new building of a sport and wellness center in the cadastral area Brno-Židenice, South Moravian Region. Sport and wellness center is designed as a detached building with two floors and basement with a flat single skin vegetation roof. In the 1st floor there is a reception, cafe, children's play area, central changing rooms and a technical facilities. In the 2nd floor is a fitness center, solarium, massage rooms and sports nutrition and diagnostics. In the basement is a wellness center, facilities for employees and lasergame arena. The main structural system of the building consists of reinforced concrete columns and reinforced concrete slabs. The facade is designed as a contact thermal insulation system and glazed curtain wall.
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Křenek, Vojtěch. "Mateřská škola." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372005.
Abstract:
The aim of my diploma thesis is to elaborate project documentation for the execution of a new building of kindergarten. The intention is to construct a new kindergarten which access preschool-age children has visual contact with nature and space of outside. This is purpose why all main windows face south. In the second floor is situated schoolroom for minor activity. The building is designed as brick, using clay blocks which are put on concrete foundation strips. Basement walls are from formwork brick fill concrete and steel armature. Thermal insulation is from contact thermal insulation system and ventilated facade with wood clapboard from pine (Thermowood). The roofing is designed partly as single-shell vegetative (extensive) roof and partly as a float double-shell roof with timber truss girder. Ceiling construction in the basement and the first floor is from concrete load-bearing structure.
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Vyhnálek, Lukáš. "Polyfunkční dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372092.
Abstract:
Subject of this final thesis is to develop project documents of a new mixed - use building in Prague in Žižkov. The building has 5 above - ground and 2 underground floors. The last floor is partially receding and on the rest of the floor plan, there is a terrace. Automated parking system, cellars and technical background are situated on the second underground floor. On the first underground a above ground floor there is a café and on the second floor there are office spaces. The others floors are designed as residential. Structural sytem of building is cast in place concrete bearing wall system. Exterior building envelope is made of combination of contact thermal insulation system with ventilated facade with thermal insulation of mineral wool insulation. The roof of the building is designed as a nonwalkable warm flat roof.