Journal articles: 'Walking as performance'

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Cremer, Ingo. "Pulling more performance by walking." Metal Powder Report 62, no. 6 (June 2007): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(07)70123-6.

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Lindemann, U., J. Klenk, C. Becker, and R. Moe-Nilssen. "Assessment of adaptive walking performance." Medical Engineering & Physics 35, no. 2 (February 2013): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.11.005.

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D'Hour, P., A. Hauwuy, JB Coulon, and JP Garel. "Walking and dairy cattle performance." Annales de Zootechnie 43, no. 4 (1994): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/animres:19940406.

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Habibzadeh, Nasim. "The Comparison of Walking Performance in Cold and Warm Biologically Conditions in Physiology." International Physiology Journal 1, no. 4 (November 25, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2578-8590.ipj-18-2493.

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Walking is the best possible exercise to promote fitness. However, ambient temperature has an impact on walking regimen and performing exercise in different biological conditions can be challenging tasks. For example, both cold and hot temperatures can impair walking performance. In fact, walking in different cold and warm ambient can be challenging physical activity. But suitable sport wears and drinks during walking performances can protect of the body in cold and warm conditions. In this relation, different cold and warm weathers although can challenge walking performance but they account for opportunities for body to adapt to the different seasonal conditions. Thus, performing regular walking in different cold and warm weathers can help individual to stay active as well as fit.

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Brouillard, Cynthia, Véronique Pepin, Sally Singh, Sue Revill, Yves Lacasse, and François Maltais. "Interpreting Changes in Endurance Shuttle Walking Performance." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 30, no. 3 (June 1, 2007): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i3.1722.

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Rationale: The endurance shuttle walk has recently been shown to be highly responsive to both bronchodilation and pulmonary rehabilitation. The degree to which changes in endurance shuttle walking performance are perceptible to patients is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between objective and subjective measures of change in endurance shuttle walking performance. Methods: 129 comparison points were obtained from 69 patients with COPD (FEV1: 47±16%) who completed two or more endurance shuttle walking tests as part of a bronchodilation study. Patients were asked to rate their performance of the day in comparison to their previous performance on a 7&S209; point scale ranging from -3 (large deterioration) to +3 (large improvement). These ratings were related to changes in walking distance and endurance time, expressed both as delta and percent change. Results: Patient ratings of change were significantly correlated with delta walking distance (r=0.44, P < 0.001), delta endurance time (r=0.46, P < 0.001), percent change in walking distance (r=0.54, P < 0.001), and percent change in endurance time (r=0.55, P < 0.001). Deteriorations in walking performance were perceived in 34% of cases, while improvements were detected in 81% of cases. Conclusion: Changes in endurance shuttle walking performance, especially improvements, are well perceived by patients with COPD. From this set of data, it should be possible to identify the smallest change in walking performance with a high likelihood of being perceived by the patients (MCID).

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Grindle, Daniel M., Lauren Baker, Mike Furr, Tim Puterio, Brian Knarr, and Jill Higginson. "The Effects of Walking Workstations on Biomechanical Performance." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0124.

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Prolonged sitting has been associated with negative health effects. Walking workstations have become increasingly popular in the workplace. There is a lack of research on the biomechanical effect of walking workstations. This study analyzed whether walking while working alters normal gait patterns. A total of 9 participants completed 4 walking trials at 2.4 and 4.0 km·h−1: baseline walking condition, walking while performing a math task, a reading task, and a typing task. Biomechanical data were collected using standard motion capture procedures. The first maximum vertical ground reaction force, stride width, stride length, minimum toe clearance, peak swing hip abduction and flexion angles, peak swing and stance ankle dorsiflexion, and knee flexion angles were analyzed. Differences between conditions were evaluated using analysis of variance tests with Bonferroni correction (P ≤ .05). Stride width decreased during the reading task at both speeds. Although other parameters exhibited significant differences when multitasking, these changes were within the normal range of gait variability. It appears that for short periods, walking workstations do not negatively impact gait in healthy young adults.

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Solomonow, M. "Performance of walking orthosis for paraplegics." Gait & Posture 3, no. 2 (June 1995): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(95)93465-o.

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Hayakawa, Yasuhiro, Shogo Kawanaka, Kazuma Kanezaki, Kosei Minami, and Shigeki Doi. "Study on Presentation System for Walking Training Using High-Performance Shoes." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 27, no. 6 (December 18, 2015): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2015.p0706.

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<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00270006/13.jpg"" width=""300"" /> Proposed walking training system</div>The number of accidental falls has been increasing among the elderly as society has aged. The main factor is a deteriorating center of balance due to declining physical performance. Another major factor is that the elderly tend to have bowlegged walking and their center of gravity position of the body tend to swing from side to side during walking. To find ways to counteract falls among the elderly, we developed walking training system to treat the gap in the center of balance. We also designed High-Performance Shoes that showed the status of a person’s balance while walking. We also produced walk assistance from the insole in which insole stiffness corresponding to human sole distribution could be changed to correct the person’s walking status. We constructed our High-Performances Shoes to detect pressure distribution during walking. Comparing normal sole distribution patterns and corrected ones, we confirmed that our assistance system helped change the user’s posture, thereby reducing falls among the elderly.

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Shumway-Cook, Anne, Jack M. Guralnik, Caroline L. Phillips, Antonia K. Coppin, Marcia A. Ciol, Stefania Bandinelli, and Luigi Ferrucci. "Age-Associated Declines in Complex Walking Task Performance: The Walking InCHIANTI Toolkit." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, no. 1 (January 2007): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00962.x.

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Kellermann, Martin. "WALKING THE LINE." New Electronics 55, no. 3 (March 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0047-9624(22)60109-3.

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Brenner, Ingrid K. M., C. Ann Brown, Sylvia M. J. Hains, Joan Tranmer, David Zelt, and Peter Brown. "Effects of a Low-Intensity Walking Intervention on Walking Performance Measures in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease." Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences 9, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.9-2-3.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a low-intensity (pain-free) walking intervention on walking performance and self-report measures in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Thirty-three participants who experienced intermittent claudication were assigned to either a walking group (n = 18) or a comparison group (n = 15). The walking group performed a structured walking program (pain-free walking, 5 days per week for 12 weeks). The comparison group maintained their usual daily activities. Tests of walking performance included a treadmill test (pain-free, functional and maximal walking distances were measured) and the 6-minute walk test. Self-perception of walking ability was determined using the walking impairment questionnaire. Circulatory measures were obtained from the ankle-brachial index, (ABI). Participants were assessed at the beginning (Week 1) and end of the study (Week 12). Members of the walking group significantly increased their walking performance and self-perception of walking ability, whereas the ABI remained the same. These results show that participation in a 12-week, low-intensity (pain-free) exercise program can enhance physical performance, perception of walking ability and maintain the ABI suggesting that a home-based exercise program is a viable alternative to traditional exercise programs prescribed for patients with symptomatic PAD. Keywords: peripheral artery disease, exercise, walking performance, ankle-brachial index, walking impairment questionnaire

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Nicolai, Simone, Petra Benzinger, Dawn A. Skelton, Kamiar Aminian, Clemens Becker, and Ulrich Lindemann. "Day-to-Day Variability of Physical Activity of Older Adults Living in the Community." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 18, no. 1 (January 2010): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.18.1.75.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate whether a 24-hr recording period is sufficient to describe physical activity (PA) of 1 week for intraindividual comparison in older adults. Furthermore, the authors analyzed whether physical performance can be used as a surrogate marker of PA. PA was captured on 7 consecutive days by a body-fixed sensor in 44 community-dwelling older adults (80.75 ± 4.05 yr). Mean times of walking and of “time on feet” of the group were 10.2 hr (± 3.5) and 35.1 hr (± 9.43), respectively. Intraindividual variabilities of walking and of time on feet were 31.9% ± 10.79% and 19.4% ± 8.76%, respectively. Accumulated time of variables of PA showed no differences between weekdays, with variabilities of 3.8% and 1.8% for walking and time on feet, respectively. Association between Short Physical Performance Battery and PA was limited (walkingr= .397, time on feetr= .41).

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Franceschini, Marco, Anais Rampello, Maurizio Agosti, Maurizio Massucci, Federica Bovolenta, and Patrizio Sale. "Walking Performance: Correlation between Energy Cost of Walking and Walking Participation. New Statistical Approach Concerning Outcome Measurement." PLoS ONE 8, no. 2 (February 28, 2013): e56669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056669.

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Thirumalesh, Priyanka, P. Malarvezhi, Ankita Mahato, and Meghna Choudhury. "Hexapod Performance." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.24 (April 25, 2018): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.24.12091.

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The purpose of this project is to build a six legged walking robot, which is able to perform basic tasks like walking in the forward direction, backward, moving it’s body up and down and rotating. This project involves designing the hexapod on CAD software Solid Works followed by fabrication and required electronic connections and testing. Due to the stability and its wide flexibility to move in irregular surfaces, hexapod can be very useful in the zones where the natural disasters and also in the aftereffects of the war scenario. The complexity and performance of the hexapod can be widely increased by adding additional sensors and also it can be modified in such a way that it can be used in fields of defense, manufacturing automation and can widely replace the humans in hazardous environment.

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Akhtari, Nazli. "Diaspora Walks: Small Lessons in Unlearning." Performing (in) Place: Moving on/with the Land 7, no. 1-2 (January 20, 2022): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1085313ar.

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This essay is a thought experiment that explores walking’s potential in enacting recognition of Indigenous and territorial lands with the hope of rendering pedagogies of citizenship anew. More precisely, I ask whether walking can offer everyday lessons in unlearning Canada’s settler colonial frameworks of citizenship. This essay, attempting to respond to the question, also hopes to add to conversations in diaspora studies and the ways diaspora performance studies can learn from Indigenous recognition and care of territorial lands as relations and Indigenous methodological interventions to unsettle colonialism. Using a feminist and critical Muslim studies positionality, I bring together research in performance studies, walking methodologies, and politics of diasporic subjects in order to explore how walking as an everyday and citational form might offer diaspora subjects affective ways to home in on a relational politics.

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Kelly, Valerie E., Alexis J. Eusterbrock, and Anne Shumway-Cook. "The Effects of Instructions on Dual-Task Walking and Cognitive Task Performance in People with Parkinson's Disease." Parkinson's Disease 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/671261.

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Gait impairments are prevalent among people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Instructions to focus on walking can improve walking in PD, but the use of such a cognitive strategy may be limited under dual-task walking conditions, when walking is performed simultaneously with concurrent cognitive or motor tasks. This study examined how dual-task performance of walking and a concurrent cognitive task was affected by instructions in people with PD compared to healthy young and older individuals. Dual-task walking and cognitive task performance was characterized under two sets of instructions as follows: (1) focus on walking and (2) focus on the cognitive task. People with PD and healthy adults walked faster when instructed to focus on walking. However, when focused on walking, people with PD and young adults demonstrated declines in the cognitive task. This suggests that dual-task performance is flexible and can be modified by instructions in people with PD, but walking improvements may come at a cost to cognitive task performance. The ability to modify dual-task performance in response to instructions or other task and environmental factors is critical to mobility in daily life. Future research should continue to examine factors that influence dual-task performance among people with PD.

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Awosika, Oluwole O., Dorothy Chan, Heidi J. Sucharew, Pierce Boyne, Amit Bhattacharya, Kari Dunning, and Brett M. Kissela. "Backward Locomotor Treadmill Training Differentially Improves Walking Performance across Stroke Walking Impairment Levels." Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020133.

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Background: Post-stroke walking impairment is a significant cause of chronic disability worldwide and often leads to loss of life roles for survivors and their caregivers. Walking impairment is traditionally classified into mild (>0.8 m/s), moderate (0.41–0.8 m/s), and severe (≤0.4 m/s), and those categorized as “severe” are more likely to be homebound and at greater risk of falls, fractures, and rehospitalization. In addition, there are minimal effective walking rehabilitation strategies currently available for this subgroup. Backward locomotor treadmill training (BLTT) is a novel and promising training approach that has been demonstrated to be safe and feasible across all levels of impairment; however, its benefits across baseline walking impairment levels (severe (≤0.4 m/s) vs. mild–moderate (>0.4 m/s)) have not been examined. Methods: Thirty-nine adults (>6 months post-stroke) underwent 6 days of BLTT (3×/week) over 2 weeks. Baseline and PRE to POST changes were measured during treadmill training and overground walking. Results: Individuals with baseline severe walking impairment were at a more significant functional disadvantage across all spatiotemporal walking measures at baseline and demonstrated fewer overall gains post-training. However, contrary to our working hypothesis, both groups experienced comparable increases in cadence, bilateral percent single support times, and step lengths. Conclusion: BLTT is well tolerated and beneficial across all walking impairment levels, and baseline walking speed (≤0.4 m/s) should serve as a covariate in the design of future walking rehabilitation trials.

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Bastos, Alana Maria Ferreira Guimarães, Carolina Souza Neves da Costa, and Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira Rocha. "Do sit-to-stand performance changes during gait acquisition?" Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 20, no. 2 (June 2014): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742014000200008.

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In a child's daily routine, sit-to-stand (STS) is a prerequisite activity for many functional tasks. The relationship between gait and other abilities has been pointed out by many authors, but there is no study investigating the changes in STS during gait acquisition in children. The purpose of this study was to analyse, in healthy children, changes that occur in STS performance during gait acquisition. Five healthy children were initially assessed with an average age of 13.6 months. The kinematics in STS movement performance of the children was evaluated longitudinally during different periods of walking experience: children who have not acquired independent walking, 8.2 (±8.4) days of independent walking experience, and 86.2 (±8.7) days of independent walking experience. At the gait acquisition period we found a significant decrease in the final trunk flexion angle and an increase in amplitude of the trunk flexion. The walking experience may have changed the execution of the STS movement.

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Wookey, Sara, and Kaitlin Drisko. "Walking Los Angeles: from documentation to performance." International Journal of Arts and Technology 2, no. 3 (2009): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijart.2009.028928.

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Huynh, Karina. "Cocoa might improve walking performance in PAD." Nature Reviews Cardiology 17, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0358-z.

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Mastroianni, George R., Donna M. Chuba, and Michael O. Zupan. "Self-pacing and cognitive performance while walking." Applied Ergonomics 34, no. 2 (March 2003): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-6870(03)00008-5.

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McCulloch, K. L., T. E. Shubert, and C. A. Giuliani. "WALKING DUAL TASK PERFORMANCE IN OLDER ADULTS." Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy 29, no. 3 (December 2006): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00139143-200612000-00041.

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Sessford, James D., Mary Jung, Lawrence R. Brawley, and Jennifer L. Forbes. "Do Older Adults’ Beliefs About Their Community Mobility Predict Walking Performance?" Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 23, no. 2 (April 2015): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2013-0235.

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Among older adults, preserving community mobility (CM) is important for maintaining independent living. We explored whether perceptions of the environment and self-efficacy for CM (SE-CM) would predict walking performance for tasks reflecting CM. We hypothesized that perceptions of the environment and SE-CM would be additive predictors of walking performance on tasks reflecting the complexity of CM. Independent living older adults (N = 60) aged 64-85 completed six complex walking tasks (CWTs), SE-CM, and the environmental analysis of mobility questionnaire (EAMQ). Multiple regression analyses indicated that for each CWT, the EAMQ scales predicted walking performance (range: model R2Adj. = .078 to .139, p < .04). However, when SE-CM was added to the models, it was the sole significant predictor (p < .05). Contrary to our hypotheses, SE-CM was the best predictor in the additive models. SE-CM may be more correspondent to walking tests and thus a more sensitive predictor of CM walking performance.

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Gonzales, Joaquin U., Jordan Shephard, and Neha Dubey. "Steps per Day, Daily Peak Stepping Cadence, and Walking Performance in Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 23, no. 3 (July 2015): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2014-0049.

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We tested the hypothesis that the intensity of daily ambulation would relate with functional walking capacity in older adults. Forty-three women (n = 25) and men (n = 18) between the ages of 60-78 years wore an accelerometer for measurement of average daily steps and 30-min peak stepping cadence. A 400-m walk test was used to measure walking speed. No sex difference was found for average daily steps (p = .76), average peak cadence (p = .96), or walking speed (p = .89). Daily steps (women: r = .68, p < .01; men: r = .04) and peak cadence (women: r = .81, p < .01; men: r = −.16) were positively correlated with walking speed in women but not in men. After controlling for daily steps, peak cadence remained significantly associated with walking speed in women (partial r = .61, p < .01). Walking intensity during daily ambulation is independently related to functional walking capacity in older adults, albeit this relation may be more significant for women than men.

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Selamaj, G. "Impacts of Mobile Phone Distractions on Walking Performance." Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering and Design (IJoCED) 2, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35806/ijoced.v2i1.101.

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This work studies the effect of playing mobile phones while walk-ing to pedestrian safety. Thirty young-adults were observed while walking around Skanderbeg square with and without playing Pokemon GO. Results show that the walking performance deteri-orated when the participants played Pokemon GO as can be seen from the average number of laps decreased from 2.47 to 1.58 laps, the average number of collisions increased from 0.27 to 3.93, and the average number of slip, trip and fall increased from 0.03 to 2.07. It can be concluded that using mobile phone while walking could be dangerous for pedestrian safety.

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Tuan Chik, Tuan Norhayati, Shurl Yabi, Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim, Nor Azizi Yusoff, Taksiah A. Majid, and Rachel Alexius Asiew. "Influence of People Walking on Floor Performance due to Low Level Vibration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.208.

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Abstract. Vibration in building is one of the important problems which need to consider, especially in designing the floor. Floor vibrations are generally caused by dynamic loads applied particularly by human activity especially walking. Although it is specified as low level amplitude, walking induced vibrations can cause discomfort to human occupants and alarming for a certain items of precision sensitive equipment. This paper investigates the vibration response on floor performance due to one, three and five of people walking. Laser Doppler Vibrometer was used to obtain vibration data when people are walking. Further analysis was carried out by using finite element software package ANSYS to simulate the floor under vibration inputs to obtain natural frequency and mode shapes of the floor structure. The vibration data was then analysed in ModalV analysis to generate the vibration response. Then, the results were checked against the vibration criteria level guideline as a crude tool comparison. As a result, the numbers of people walking were influenced the floor performance, which indicated five peoples walking show the highest response up to ISO level due to vibration compared with one people walking.

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Grossman, G. E., R. J. Leigh, E. N. Bruce, W. P. Huebner, and D. J. Lanska. "Performance of the human vestibuloocular reflex during locomotion." Journal of Neurophysiology 62, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.62.1.264.

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1. The stability of gaze was measured in nine normal subjects during 30-s epochs of standing, walking in place, and running in place. The angle of gaze and head rotations in horizontal and vertical planes were measured using the magnetic search coil technique. Subjects visually fixed on a stationary object located at a distance of 100 m; thus measurements of gaze indicated the stability of images on the retina. 2. During standing, walking, or running in place, the standard deviation of the angle of gaze was less than 0.4 degrees, both horizontally and vertically. During standing and walking in place, peak gaze velocity (Gp) was less than 3.0 degrees/s. During running in place, Gp was less than 3.0 degrees/s horizontally but ranged up to 9.3 degrees/s vertically. 3. Visual acuity was measured during standing, walking, and running in place. During walking in place, five of nine subjects showed a small but significant (P = 0.03) decline in visual acuity compared with standing. During running in place, all nine subjects showed a small but significant (P = 0.002) decline in visual acuity compared with standing. 4. Stability of gaze was also measured during vigorous, voluntary head rotations in the horizontal (yaw) or vertical (pitch) planes, for 15-s epochs. Gp ranged as high as 70 degrees/s horizontally and 41 degrees/s vertically. All subjects reported illusory movement of the seen environment during these head rotations. 5. The suitability of linear systems techniques for analysis of the horizontal and vertical vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) during walking and running in place was assessed using coherence spectral analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Gotowski, Rafal, and Marta Anna Zurawik. "Participation and performance trends: Polish Nordic marathoners." International Sports Studies 43, no. 1 (November 9, 2021): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/iss.43-1.03.

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For the last two decades, the physical activity of the Poles has increased dynamically. Nevertheless, there has been a decline in the number of Polish athletes running marathons compared with an increase in participation in a variety of competitions not directly associated with running. The purpose of this study was to investigate participation and performance trends in Nordic walking marathons in Poland between 2014 and 2019. A total of 490 Polish Nordic walking marathoners, who completed races between 2014 and 2019 were included. Participation and performance were analysed with an emphasis on the demographics of the age and gender of the athletes. The results suggest that overall male participation in Nordic walking marathons was high, yet the number of female finishers increased over the period of the study. Though men also had significantly better finishing times over the same period. In terms of age, middle-aged competitors were the biggest and the fastest age-group between 2014 and 2019.The strength of this study lies in its novelty. It is the first research project to directly examine the participation and performance of Nordic walking marathoners between 2014 and 2019 in terms of gender and age.

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Mizumoto, Atsushi, Hikaru Ihira, Keitaro Makino, Shigeyuki Saitoh, Hirofumi Ohnishi, and Taketo Furuna. "Physical Activity during Winter in Old-Old Women Associated with Physical Performance after One Year: A Prospective Study." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/253451.

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Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the decline of physical activity during winter influences physical performances (after 1 year) in old-old women.Methods. Fifty-three Japanese women (mean age: 78.4 ± 3.2 years) participated in this study. Data of physical activity was collected by using an accelerometer at baseline and 3-month follow-up, and participants who decreased step counts in this period were defined as declining groups. We measured grip strength, knee extensor strength, total length of the center of gravity, hip walking distance, and maximum walking speed to evaluate physical performances at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Repeated-measures analysis of variance determined the difference in physical performance between declining groups and maintenance group with maintained or improved step counts.Results. Daily step counts for 22 older women (41.5%) decreased during winter. A statistically significant interaction effect between group and time was found for maximum walking speed (F(1,50)=5.23,p=0.03).Post hoccomparisons revealed that walking speed in the maintenance group significantly increased compared with baseline (p=0.01); the declining group showed no significant change (p=0.44).Conclusion. Change of physical activity during winter influences the physical performance level after 1 year in community-dwelling old-old women, particularly its effect on maximum walking speed.

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Lam, Tania, and Volker Dietz. "Transfer of Motor Performance in an Obstacle Avoidance Task to Different Walking Conditions." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 4 (October 2004): 2010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00397.2004.

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The aim of this study was to examine whether subjects who have learned a skilled locomotor task can transfer the acquired performance to conditions involving either a change in the external coordinates or in the sensory input from one leg. Subjects were trained to step over an obstacle with minimal foot clearance without visual information about either the obstacle or their legs during treadmill walking. Leg muscle activity and joint kinematics were recorded and analyzed. Acoustic signals provided feedback about foot clearance over the obstacle. After successful training, the transfer of learning between level and downhill walking and to walking with additional weight attached to the leg was examined. It was found that once subjects learned to step over the obstacle at an optimal foot clearance, they could transfer their performance within the first step over the obstacle in the new walking conditions. Closer examination of the transfer between level and downhill walking revealed no consistent kinematic strategy across subjects. To transfer the learned performance to walking with additional weight, subjects consistently and automatically increased biceps femoris muscle activation. The results are discussed in the context of emerging concepts in the neural control of walking and motor learning.

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Gault, Mandy, Richard Clements, and Mark Willems. "Effect of Wearing the Cosmed K4b2 Metabolic System on 1 Mile Walking Performance in Older Adults." Journal of Human Kinetics 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-09-0005-6.

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Effect of Wearing the Cosmed K4b2Metabolic System on 1 Mile Walking Performance in Older AdultsThis study examined in older adults the effects of wearing the Cosmed K4b2 metabolic system with face mask during the 1-mile Rockport Fitness Walking Test (RFWT). A randomised cross-over design was used (13 males, 12 females, age: 67±4 (yrs). Walking time, walking speed and final heart rate were recorded and predicted VO2max calculated. Participants had a constant walking speed during the RFWT (P = 0.24) not influenced by wearing the Cosmed K4b2. Using Bland-Altman analysis, bias for walking time, heart rate and predicted VO2max was not significant. The predicted VO2max wearing the Cosmed K4b2 was within 0.05±0.36 L·min-1. Wearing the Cosmed K4b2 metabolic system with face mask did not influence 1-mile walking performance in older adults. This observation allows the Cosmed K4b2 metabolic system to be used during walking tests in older adults to examine metabolic and physiologic adaptations by controlled exercise interventions.

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Clifton, Glenna T., David Holway, and Nicholas Gravish. "Vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ants." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): jeb228460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.228460.

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ABSTRACTMany walking insects use vision for long-distance navigation, but the influence of vision on rapid walking performance that requires close-range obstacle detection and directing the limbs towards stable footholds remains largely untested. We compared Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) workers in light versus darkness while traversing flat and uneven terrain. In darkness, ants reduced flat-ground walking speeds by only 5%. Similarly, the approach speed and time to cross a step obstacle were not significantly affected by lack of lighting. To determine whether tactile sensing might compensate for vision loss, we tracked antennal motion and observed shifts in spatiotemporal activity as a result of terrain structure but not illumination. Together, these findings suggest that vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ant workers. Our results help contextualize eye variation across ants, including subterranean, nocturnal and eyeless species that walk in complete darkness. More broadly, our findings highlight the importance of integrating vision, proprioception and tactile sensing for robust locomotion in unstructured environments.

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Ura, Daisuke, Yasuhiro Sugimoto, Yuichiro Sueoka, and Koichi Osuka. "Asymptotic Realization of Desired Control Performance by Body Adaptation of Passive Dynamic Walker." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, no. 3 (June 20, 2017): 480–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p0480.

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[abstFig src='/00290003/03.jpg' width='300' text='Schematic of the proposed design method' ] This article proposes a design method of legged walking robot hardware capable of performing passive dynamic walking with its desirable characteristics. Passive dynamic walking has a relatively good energy efficiency, and is said to be similar to the walking style of animals. However, most legged robot hardware capable of passive dynamic walking is designed through trial and error on the basis of experience. One of the major problems of designing through trial and error is the difficulty of verifying walking for the legged robot hardware that has many degree of freedom. It is relatively easy to determine the initial condition for compass-type robot hardware. However, it often takes long time to determine the appropriate initial conditions and slope angles for complicated robots such as legged robots with knees. We proposed and verified a method to design a legged robot with knees that has a desired leg length and leg mass from a compass-type legged robot. In this article, we propose a method to design a passive dynamic walker that has a desired leg angle, step length, leg mass, etc., and verify the resulting design. More specifically, the physical parameters, such as the leg length, leg mass, and joint friction, are defined as “physical parameters” and the parameters acquired as the result of walking, such as the leg angle, step length, and walking cycle, are defined as “variable parameters.” By observing variable parameters while the robot is walking and by changing the physical parameters according to the observed variable parameters, the variable parameters are indirectly changed to desired values.

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Mate, Kedar K. V., and Nancy E. Mayo. "Clinically Assessed Walking Capacity Versus Real-World Walking Performance in People with Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 22, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2019-047.

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CME/CNE Information Activity Available Online: To access the article, post-test, and evaluation online, go to http://www.cmscscholar.org. Target Audience: The target audience for this activity is physicians, physician assistants, nursing professionals, and other health care providers involved in the management of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Learning Objectives: 1) Differentiate between measurement tools for clinical walking capacity and for real-world performance. 2) Describe discrepancies between performance on a walking capacity test and real-world performance, and how these discrepancies vary between patients with high versus low walking capacity. Accreditation Statement: In support of improving patient care, this activity has been planned and implemented by the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (CMSC) and Delaware Media Group. The CMSC is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. Physician Credit: The CMSC designates this journal-based activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Nurse Credit: The CMSC designates this enduring material for 1.0 contact hour (none in the area of pharmacology). Disclosures: Francois Bethoux, MD, Editor in Chief of the International Journal of MS Care (IJMSC), has served as Physician Planner for this activity. He has disclosed relationships with Springer Publishing (royalty), Qr8 (receipt of intellectual property rights/patent holder), Biogen (receipt of intellectual property rights/patent holder, speakers’ bureau), GW Pharma (consulting fee), BioRhythms (consulting fee, contracted research), and Adamas Pharmaceuticals (contracted research). Laurie Scudder, DNP, NP, has served as Reviewer for this activity. She has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Kedar K.V. Mate, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Nancy E. Mayo, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. One peer reviewer for IJMSC has disclosed a relationship with Biogen (advisory board consultant, fee paid to institution); the other peer reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. The staff at IJMSC, CMSC, and Delaware Media Group who are in a position to influence content have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Note: Financial relationships may have changed in the interval between listing these disclosures and publication of the article. Method of Participation: Release Date: June 1, 2020 Valid for Credit Through: June 1, 2021 In order to receive CME/CNE credit, participants must: 1) Review the continuing education information, including learning objectives and author disclosures.2) Study the educational content.3) Complete the post-test and evaluation, which are available at http://www.cmscscholar.org Statements of Credit are awarded upon successful completion of the post-test with a passing score of >70% and the evaluation. There is no fee to participate in this activity. Disclosure of Unlabeled Use: This educational activity may contain discussion of published and/or investigational uses of agents that are not approved by the FDA. CMSC and Delaware Media Group do not recommend the use of any agent outside of the labeled indications. The opinions expressed in the educational activity are those of the faculty and do not necessarily represent the views of CMSC or Delaware Media Group. Disclaimer: Participants have an implied responsibility to use the newly acquired information to enhance patient outcomes and their own professional development. The information presented in this activity is not meant to serve as a guideline for patient management. Any medications, diagnostic procedures, or treatments discussed in this publication should not be used by clinicians or other health care professionals without first evaluating their patients’ conditions, considering possible contraindications or risks, reviewing any applicable manufacturer’s product information, and comparing any therapeutic approach with the recommendations of other authorities.

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Shimada, Hiroyuki, Takashi Hirata, Yuichi Kimura, Takako Naka, Keishiro Kikuchi, Keiichi Oda, Kenji Ishii, Kiichi Ishiwata, and Takao Suzuki. "Effects of a robotic walking exercise on walking performance in community-dwelling elderly adults." Geriatrics & Gerontology International 9, no. 4 (December 2009): 372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2009.00546.x.

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Karavirta, Laura, Heidi Leppä, Timo Rantalainen, Johanna Eronen, Erja Portegijs, and Taina Rantanen. "Physical Activity Scaled to Preferred Walking Speed as a Predictor of Walking Difficulty in Older Adults: A 2-Year Follow-up." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 77, no. 3 (October 11, 2021): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glab277.

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Abstract Background The usual accelerometry-based measures of physical activity (PA) are dependent on physical performance. We investigated the associations between PA relative to walking performance and the prevalence and incidence of early and advanced walking difficulties compared to generally used measures of PA. Methods Perceived walking difficulty was evaluated in 994 community-dwelling participants at baseline (age 75, 80, or 85 years) and 2 years later over 2 km (early difficulty) and 500 m (advanced difficulty). We used a thigh-mounted accelerometer to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA, daily mean acceleration, and relative PA as movement beyond the intensity of preferred walking speed in a 6-minute walking test (PArel). Self-reported PA was assessed using questionnaires. Results The prevalence and incidence were 36.2% and 18.9% for early and 22.4% and 14.9% for advanced walking difficulty, respectively. PArel was lower in participants with prevalent (mean 42 [SD 45] vs 69 [91] min/week, p < .001) but not incident early walking difficulty (53 [75] vs 72 [96] min/week, p = .15) compared to those without difficulty. The associations between absolute measures of PA and incident walking difficulty were attenuated when adjusted for preferred walking speed. Conclusions The variation in habitual PA may not explain the differences in the development of new walking difficulty. Differences in physical performance explain a meaningful part of the association of PA with incident walking difficulty. Scaling of accelerometry to preferred walking speed demonstrated independence on physical performance and warrants future study as a promising indicator of PA in observational studies among older adults.

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Chisholm, Amanda E., Taha Qaiser, Alison M. M. Williams, Gevorg Eginyan, and Tania Lam. "Acquisition of a precision walking skill and the impact of proprioceptive deficits in people with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 1078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00432.2018.

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Many people with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury (m-iSCI) experience difficulty navigating obstacles, such as curbs and stairs. The ability to relearn walking skills may be limited by proprioceptive deficits. The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of participants to acquire a precision walking skill, and to evaluate the influence of proprioceptive deficits on the skill acquisition in individuals with m-iSCI. Sixteen individuals with m-iSCI and eight controls performed a precision walking task that required matching their foot height to a target during the swing phase. Proprioceptive deficits were quantified at the hip and knee for joint position and movement detection sense. Participants completed 600 steps of training with visual feedback. Pretraining and posttraining tests were conducted without visual feedback, along with a transfer test with an ankle weight. Posttraining and transfer tests were repeated 1 day later. Participants returned to the laboratory 1 wk later to repeat the training. Performance was calculated as the vertical distance between the target and actual foot height for each step. The posttraining and transfer performances were similar between groups. However, participants with m-iSCI had a slower rate of acquisition to achieve a similar performance level compared with controls. Acquisition rate and posttraining performance of the precision walking task were related to lower limb joint position sense among SCI participants. Although they can achieve a similar level of performance in a precision walking task, proprioceptive deficits impair the rate of learning among individuals with m-iSCI compared with able-bodied controls. NEW & NOTEWORTHY People with motor-incomplete spinal cord injuries are able to achieve the same level of performance accuracy on a precision walking task as able-bodied controls; however, the rate of learning is slower, indicating that more practice is required to stabilize performance. Our findings also show a relationship between impaired sensory function and reduced accuracy when performing a precision walking task after spinal cord injury.

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Gijbels, Domien, Geert Alders, Elke Van Hoof, Caroline Charlier, Machteld Roelants, Tom Broekmans, Bert Op 't Eijnde, and Peter Feys. "Predicting habitual walking performance in multiple sclerosis: relevance of capacity and self-report measures." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 16, no. 5 (March 5, 2010): 618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458510361357.

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The objective was to establish the extent to which physical functioning capacity and self-report measures are able to predict the habitual walking performance in ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis. Fifty persons with multiple sclerosis (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS, 1.5—6.5) were tested on leg muscle strength as well as walking and balance capacity, and completed self-report indices on perceived physical functioning. Habitual walking performance, that is, the real amount of steps that is performed in the customary living environment, was registered by means of an ambulant accelerometer-based monitor during seven consecutive days. Mild (EDSS 1.5—4.0, n = 29) and moderate (EDSS 4.5—6.5, n = 21) multiple sclerosis subgroups were additionally distinguished as predictor variables and values were hypothesized to differ depending on multiple sclerosis severity and concomitant ambulatory function. Multiple regression analyses yielded a single most significant predictor for each (sub)group with other variables making no independent contribution to the variation in habitual walking performance. For the total study sample, this was the 6-Minute Walking Test ( R2 = 0.458, p < 0.01). In the mild multiple sclerosis subgroup, the 6-Minute Walking Test was again most predictive, yet to a modest degree ( R2 = 0. 187, p = 0.02). In the moderate multiple sclerosis subgroup, the 2-Minute Walking Test explained over half of the variance ( R2 = 0.532, p < 0.01). Habitual walking performance is best reflected by longer walking capacity tests. The extent to which it can be predicted based on clinical testing is larger in a multiple sclerosis patient sample with more severe walking disability. Ambulatory monitoring, however, includes aspects of community ambulation not captured in the clinic, and must be considered as an additional outcome for evaluating interventions in multiple sclerosis.

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Almuklass, Awad M., Leah Davis, Landon D. Hamilton, Taian M. Vieira, Alberto Botter, and Roger M. Enoka. "Motor unit discharge characteristics and walking performance of individuals with multiple sclerosis." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 1273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00598.2017.

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Walking performance of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) is strongly influenced by the activation signals received by lower leg muscles. We examined the associations between force steadiness and motor unit discharge characteristics of lower leg muscles during submaximal isometric contractions with tests of walking performance and disability status in individuals who self-reported walking difficulties due to MS. We expected that worse walking performance would be associated with weaker plantar flexor muscles, worse force steadiness, and slower motor unit discharge times. Twenty-three individuals with relapsing-remitting MS (56 ± 7 yr) participated in the study. Participants completed one to three evaluation sessions that involved two walking tests (25-ft walk and 6-min walk), a manual dexterity test (grooved pegboard), health-related questionnaires, and measurement of strength, force steadiness, and motor unit discharge characteristics of lower leg muscles. Multiple regression analyses were used to construct models to explain the variance in measures of walking performance. There were statistically significant differences (effect sizes: 0.21–0.60) between the three muscles in mean interspike interval (ISI) and ISI distributions during steady submaximal contractions with the plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles. The regression models explained 40% of the variance in 6-min walk distance and 47% of the variance in 25-ft walk time with two or three variables that included mean ISI for one of the plantar flexor muscles, dorsiflexor strength, and force steadiness. Walking speed and endurance in persons with relapsing-remitting MS were reduced in individuals with longer ISIs, weaker dorsiflexors, and worse plantar flexor force steadiness.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The walking endurance and gait speed of persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) were worse in individuals who had weaker dorsiflexor muscles and greater force fluctuations and longer times between action potentials discharged by motor units in plantar flexor muscles during steady isometric contractions. These findings indicate that the control of motor unit activity in lower leg muscles of individuals with MS is associated with their walking ability.

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Chen, Nemin, Theodore Huppert, Robert Krafty, and Andrea Rosso. "Patterns of Prefrontal Activation and Performance During Walking Tasks Among Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2869.

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Abstract Differences in prefrontal cortex (PFC) control of walking in older age likely arise from changes in neural capacity and compensation. PFC activation by changes in oxygenated hemoglobin from functional near infra-red spectroscopy was examined in 29 older adults (mean age=76). Tasks included standing with cognitive challenge and walking with and without cognitive challenge on even and uneven surfaces. Three PFC activation-performance patterns were identified using K-means clustering: 1) low activation during walking tasks and high activation during standing cognitive task, with the best performance in terms of walking speed and cognitive performance (n=10); 2) low activation on all tasks, with the lowest performance (n=15); 3) high activation during walking and low activation during cognitive, with intermediate performance (n=5). Associations of patterns with cognitive function and structural neuroimaging were explored, with results informing interpretation of functional changes of PFC during aging process, including compensatory mechanisms for primary network impairment.

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Ivanyi, Barbara, Marja Schoenmakers, Natasja van Veen, Karel Maathuis, Frans Nollet, and Marc Nederhand. "The effects of orthoses, footwear, and walking aids on the walking ability of children and adolescents with spina bifida: A systematic review using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) as a reference framework." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 39, no. 6 (August 8, 2014): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364614543550.

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Background: To date no review has been published that analyzes the efficacy of assistive devices on the walking ability of ambulant children and adolescents with spina bifida and, differentiates between the effects of treatment on gait parameters, walking capacity, and walking performance. Objectives: To review the literature for evidence of the efficacy of orthotic management, footwear, and walking aids on gait and walking outcomes in ambulant children and adolescents with spina bifida. Study design: Systematic literature review. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed to identify studies that evaluated the effect of any type of lower limb orthoses, orthopedic footwear, or walking aids in ambulant children (≤18 years old) with spina bifida. Outcome measures and treatment results for gait parameters, walking capacity, and walking performance were identified using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) as the reference framework. Results: Six case-crossover studies met the criteria and were included in this systematic review. Four studies provided indications of the efficacy of the ankle–foot orthosis in improving a number of kinematic and kinetic properties of gait, stride characteristics, and the oxygen cost of walking. Two studies indicated that walking with forearm crutches may have a favorable effect on gait. The evidence level of these studies was low, and none of the studies assessed the efficacy of the intervention on walking capacity and walking performance. Conclusions: Some data support the efficacy of using ankle–foot orthosis and crutches for gait and walking outcomes at the body functions and structures level of the ICF-CY. Potential benefits at the activities and participation level have not been investigated. Clinical relevance This is the first evidence-based systematic review of the efficacy of assistive devices for gait and walking outcomes for children with spina bifida. The ICF-CY is used as a reference framework to differentiate the effects of treatment on gait parameters, walking capacity, and walking performance.

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Moul, Jamie L., Bert Goldman, and Beverly Warren. "Physical Activity and Cognitive Performance in the Older Population." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 3, no. 2 (April 1995): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.3.2.135.

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The effect of exercise on cognitive performance in an older population was studied. Thirty sedentary men and women 65–72 years of age were randomly assigned to a walking group, a weight training group, or a placebo control group. Intervention groups exercised 30–60 min 5 days per week for 16 weeks, with the walking group training at 60% heart rate reserve, the weight training group employing the DAPRE method of weight progression, and the placebo control group engaging in mild range-of-motion and flexibility movements that kept their heart rates close to resting levels. At baseline and 16 weeks posttraining each subject completed the Ross Information Processing Assessment (RIPA), a maximal graded treadmill test, and a strength assessment of the knee extensors and elbow flexors. Sixteen weeks of walking improved VO2peak of the sedentary subjects 15.8%; VO2peak did not improve in the other two groups. Additionally, the RIPA scores of the walking group increased 7.5%, while those of the weight-training and control groups showed little change.

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Liang, Chiawei, and Tesheng Hsiao. "Walking Strategies and Performance Evaluation for Human-Exoskeleton Systems under Admittance Control." Sensors 20, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 4346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154346.

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Lower-limb exoskeletons as walking assistive devices have been intensively investigated in recent decades. In these studies, intention detection and performance evaluation are important topics. In our previous studies, we proposed a disturbance observer (DOB)-based torque estimation algorithm and an admittance control law to shape the admittance of the human-exoskeleton system (HES) and comply with the user’s walking intention. These algorithms have been experimentally verified under the condition of no ground reaction force (GRF) in our previous studies. In this paper, we devised and integrated with the exoskeleton control system a sensing and communication module on each foot to measure and compensate for GRF. Rigorous theoretical analysis was performed and the sufficient conditions for the robust stability of the closed-loop system were derived. Then, we conducted level ground assistive walking repeatedly with different test subjects and exhaustive combinations of admittance parameters. In addition, we proposed two tractable and physically insightful performance indices called normalized energy consumption index (NECI) and walking distance in a fixed period of time to quantitatively evaluate the performance for different admittance parameters. We also compared the energy consumption for users walking with and without the exoskeleton. The results show that the proposed admittance control law reduces the energy consumption of the user during level ground walking.

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Lalonde-Parsi, Marie-Jasmine, and Anouk Lamontagne. "Perception of Self-Motion and Regulation of Walking Speed in Young-Old Adults." Motor Control 19, no. 3 (July 2015): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2014-0010.

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Whether a reduced perception of self-motion contributes to poor walking speed adaptations in older adults is unknown. In this study, speed discrimination thresholds (perceptual task) and walking speed adaptations (walking task) were compared between young (19–27 years) and young-old individuals (63–74 years), and the relationship between the performance on the two tasks was examined. Participants were evaluated while viewing a virtual corridor in a helmet-mounted display. Speed discrimination thresholds were determined using a staircase procedure. Walking speed modulation was assessed on a self-paced treadmill while exposed to different self-motion speeds ranging from 0.25 to 2 times the participants’ comfortable speed. For each speed, participants were instructed to match the self-motion speed described by the moving corridor. On the walking task, participants displayed smaller walking speed errors at comfortable walking speeds compared with slower of faster speeds. The young-old adults presented larger speed discrimination thresholds (perceptual experiment) and larger walking speed errors (walking experiment) compared with young adults. Larger walking speed errors were associated with higher discrimination thresholds. The enhanced performance on the walking task at comfortable speed suggests that intersensory calibration processes are influenced by experience, hence optimized for frequently encountered conditions. The altered performance of the young-old adults on the perceptual and walking tasks, as well as the relationship observed between the two tasks, suggest that a poor perception of visual motion information may contribute to the poor walking speed adaptations that arise with aging.

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Hausdorff, Jeffrey, Nofar Schneider, Marina Brozgol, Pablo Cornejo Thumm, Nir Giladi, Rachel Katz, Anat Mirelman, and Brad Manor. "Combining tDCS With a Motor-Cognitive Task to Reduce the Negative Impact of Dual-Tasking on the Gait of Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.921.

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Abstract The simultaneous performance of a secondary task while walking (i.e., dual tasking) increases motor-cognitive interference and fall risk in older adults. Combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with the concurrent performance of a task that putatively involves the same brain networks targeted by the tDCS may reduce the negative impact of dual-tasking on walking. We examined whether tDCS applied while walking reduces the dual-task costs to gait and whether this combination is better than tDCS alone or walking alone (with sham stimulation). In 25 healthy older adults (aged 75.7±10.5yrs), a double-blind, within-subject, cross-over pilot study evaluated the acute after-effects of 20 minutes of tDCS targeting the primary motor cortex and the dorsal lateral pre frontal cortex during three separate sessions:1) tDCS while walking on a treadmill in a virtual-reality environment (tDCS+walking), 2) tDCS while seated (tDCS+seated), and 3) walking in the virtual-reality environment with sham tDCS (sham+walking). The complex walking condition taxed motor and cognitive abilities. During each session, single- and dual-task walking and cognitive function were assessed before and immediately after stimulation. Compared to pre-tDCS performance, tDCS+walking reduced the dual-task cost to gait speed (p=0.004) and other gait features (e.g., variability p=0.02), and improved (p<0.001) executive function (Stroop interference score). tDCS+seated and sham+walking did not affect the dual-task cost to gait speed (p>0.17). These initial findings demonstrate that tDCS delivered during challenging walking ameliorates dual-task gait and executive function in older adults, suggesting that the concurrent performance of related tasks enhances the efficacy of the neural stimulation and mobility.

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Vanderhoof, Heather R., Emily A. Chavez, and Jeffrey D. Eggleston. "Gait Symmetry Is Unaffected When Completing a Motor Dexterity Task While Using a Walking Workstation in Healthy, Young Adults." Biomechanics 2, no. 3 (August 24, 2022): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics2030033.

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Walking workstations may counteract sedentarism in working adults; however, performing dual-task walking may affect gait or work performance. The purpose of this study was to examine gait symmetry parameters and work performance while completing a fine motor dexterity task during walking workstation use. Gait function, quantified as gait symmetry, was used to identify attentional resource allocation of the co-occurring tasks during the dual-task conditions. Eighteen college-aged students performed the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) with left and right hands separately while using a walking workstation at a self-selected speed. Gait symmetry indices were computed on stride length and lower extremity angular joint positions and were analyzed for a comparison of the baseline and PPT dual-task conditions. No asymmetries were found in stride length or lower extremity angular joint positions at any sub-phase of gait during walking workstation use. PPT scores decreased significantly in the walking condition compared to the seated and standing conditions. Overall, gait symmetry did not change at any lower extremity angular joint position at any sub-phase; however, there was a decrease in PPT performance, which may relate to decreased work performance. However, increased exposure to the PPT task while using a walking workstation may improve work performance over time.

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Ney, Barbara, Stefano Lanzi, Luca Calanca, and Lucia Mazzolai. "Multimodal Supervised Exercise Training is Effective in Improving Long Term Walking Performance in Patients with Symptomatic Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102057.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a multimodal supervised exercise training (SET) program on walking performance for 12 months in patients with symptomatic lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). Consecutive patients with Fontaine stage II PAD participating in the SET program of our hospital were retrospectively investigated. Walking performance, assessed using a treadmill with measures of the pain-free and maximal walking distance (PFWD, MWD, respectively), and 6 min walking distance (6MWD), were tested before and following SET, as well as at 6 and 12 months after SET completion. Ninety-three symptomatic patients with PAD (65.0 ± 1.1 y) were included in the study. Following SET, the walking performance significantly improved (PFWD: +145%, p ≤ 0.001; MWD: +97%, p ≤ 0.001; 6MWD: +15%, p ≤ 0.001). At 6 months, PFWD (+257%, p ≤ 0.001), MWD (+132%, p ≤ 0.001), and 6MWD (+11%, p ≤ 0.001) remained significantly improved compared with the pre-SET condition. At 12 months, PFWD (+272%, p ≤ 0.001), MWD (+130%, p ≤ 0.001), and 6MWD (+11%, p ≤ 0.001) remained significantly improved compared with the pre-training condition. The walking performance remained significantly improved in both women and men for up to 12 months (p ≤ 0.001). Multimodal SET is effective at improving walking performance in symptomatic patients with PAD, with improvements lasting up to 12 months.

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Rosenberg, Marissa J., Matthew Koslovsky, Matthew Noyes, Millard F. Reschke, and Gilles Clément. "Tandem Walk in Simulated Martian Gravity and Visual Environment." Brain Sciences 12, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101268.

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Astronauts returning from long-duration spaceflights experience visual-vestibular conflicts that causes motion sickness, perceptions that the environment is moving when it is not, and problems with walking and other functional tasks. To evaluate whether astronauts will have similar decrements after they land on Mars following exposure to weightlessness, participants were held by a device that offloads their weight, first entirely (0 G), and then partially (0.38 G) or not at all (1 G). Tandem (heel-to-toe) walk on a medium-density foam surface was used to assess the subject’s walking performance. Two visual conditions in virtual reality were investigated: normal vision and a visual-vestibular conflict generated by disorienting optokinetic stimulation (DOS). Tandem walking performance with DOS was better in 0.38 G compared to 1 G. Tandem walking performance in DOS in 1 G was not significantly different from tandem walking performance after spaceflight or bed rest. The increased tandem walking performance in 0.38 G compared to 1 G was presumably due to an increased cone of stability, allowing a larger amplitude of body sway without resulting in a fall. Tandem walking on a compliant foam surface with a visual-vestibular conflict is a potential analog for simulating postflight dynamic balance deficits in astronauts.

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Singh, SJ, MD Morgan, AE Hardman, C. Rowe, and PA Bardsley. "Comparison of oxygen uptake during a conventional treadmill test and the shuttle walking test in chronic airflow limitation." European Respiratory Journal 7, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 2016–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.94.07112016.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between performance on the shuttle walking test and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during a conventional treadmill test in patients with chronic airflow limitation. Two different techniques were used to measure oxygen consumption, i.e. conventional Douglas bag techniques (treadmill test) and a portable oxygen consumption meter (shuttle test). Initially, 19 patients performed a shuttle walking test (after one practice walk) and a maximal treadmill walking test, in a randomized, balanced design. Subsequently, 10 patients, (after one practice) completed an unencumbered shuttle walking test and one supporting the portable oxygen consumption meter, in random order. The results of the first experiment revealed a strong relationship between performance during the shuttle walking test and VO2max during the treadmill walking test (r = 0.88). The results of the second experiment consistently demonstrated an incremental increase in oxygen consumption and ventilation in response to the increasing intensity of the shuttle walking test. Again, a strong relationship between VO2max and performance on the shuttle test was demonstrated (r = 0.81). We concluded that the shuttle walking test is a valid field exercise test of functional capacity. Performance on the test relates strongly to VO2max, the traditional indicator of cardiorespiratory capacity.

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Wajda, Douglas A., Brian M. Sandroff, John H. Pula, Robert W. Motl, and Jacob J. Sosnoff. "Effects of Walking Direction and Cognitive Challenges on Gait in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis International 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/859323.

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Declines in walking performance are commonly seen when undergoing a concurrent cognitive task in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of walking direction and simultaneous cognitive task on the spatiotemporal gait parameters in persons with MS compared to healthy controls. Ten persons with MS (Median EDSS, 3.0) and ten healthy controls took part in this pilot study. Participants performed 4 walking trials at their self-selected comfortable pace. These trials included forward walking, forward walking with a cognitive task, backward walking, and backward walking with a cognitive task. Walking performance was indexed with measures of velocity, cadence, and stride length for each testing condition. The MS group walked slower with significantly reduced stride length compared to the control group. The novel observation of this investigation was that walking differences between persons with MS and healthy controls were greater during backward walking, and this effect was further highlighted during backward walking with added cognitive test. This raises the possibility that backward walking tests could be an effective way to examine walking difficulties in individuals with MS with relatively minimal walking impairment.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Walking as performance'

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