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Herrmann, Andrew F. "Walking in Kierkegaard's Instant and Walking out of American Christendom." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/760.
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In the life of Søren A. Kierkegaard “the instant” had two distinct meanings. The first use of the phrase “the instant” is the point of intersection of time and eternity. It is the split second of decision, and the flash of a personal revolutionizing vision: a decisive “glint of an eye” to live in the existential moment. However, The Instant was also the title of a broadsheet Kierkegaard published at the end of his life that directly attacked “Christendom” and the idea of a Christian Nation. Through a layered account using narrative vignettes, I examine how “instants” and Kierkegaard's The Instant impacted my ideas of identity, community, and Christianity, leading me to a place of exile.
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Krukowski, Samantha Henriette. "Performing history : walking along Ulay and Abramovic's The lovers /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Holt, Kirsten Michelle. "Performance of the Flat Walking Tennessee Walking Horse Yearling Before and After a 60-Day Strength Training Regime." MSSTATE, 2006. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03312006-114924/.
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The influence of a 60-day strength training regime on the flat walking Tennessee Walking Horse (TWH) yearling performance was determined using behavioral, physiological, and biomechanical measurements. Four TWH yearlings participated in a 60-day strength training regime. Documentation was made on behavioral responses, and measurements were taken on respiratory rates and standing and flat walking kinematics. Means (SD) were determined for physiological and biomechanical variables, and paired t-tests (P=0.05) were performed. Morphometrics, kinematics, and temporal variables remained constant through training. The flat walk shared similar kinematics and temporal variables with the walk, except for the rhythm, bipedal support, head displacements, and hind fetlock joint motion. While respiratory rates were not significantly different in training response, the TWH yearling demonstrated more efficient respiration compared to the non-gaited trot. Training impact was limited to improved, desirable behavioral responses. Through survey responses by TWH trainers, additional training variables were indicated for future training protocols.
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Burgon, Ruth Amy. "Pace, rhythm, repetition : walking in art since the 1960s." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25512.
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In recent years, there has been a noticeable rise in the use of walking in artistic practice. Artists explore, map, narrate, draw, follow and procrastinate through the use of pedestrianism. This rise in an artistic output that uses the walking body has coincided with a burgeoning literature in this field; a literature that, I argue, has yet to find its feet, frequently repeating, and so depoliticising, the dominant narrative that casts walking as a strategy of resistance to the high-speed technological demands of late capitalism. Beyond its role as emancipatory gesture, I show, walking is enmeshed in histories of gender, labour, punishment, power and protest; something that a focus on the art of the 1960s and ‘70s can help to uncover. Accordingly, this thesis seeks to place the recent rise of ‘walking art’ in a specific historical context, positing that the uses of walking by artists today find the key to their legitimation in moving image and performance work of the 1960s and ‘70s. Through chapters on the work of the Judson Dance Theater (1962-7) and Trisha Brown (early 1970s), Bruce Nauman’s studio films and videos (1967-9) and Agnes Martin’s only film Gabriel (1976), I argue that these artists used walking not only to deconstruct the mediums out of which they worked (dance, sculpture, painting), but also to negotiate the wider socio-political issues of the era, from protest marching and the moon landings to much more clandestine concerns such as surveillance and controlled viewership. These chapters reveal a walking body as supported by technology, subject to self-discipline, and negotiating a new relationship with the natural world. A final chapter on Janet Cardiff’s audio walks, which she first developed in the late 1990s, makes explicit a feminist problematic, as I ask where the female body resides in a long history of male walkers, and explore the broader question of how we write the history of ‘walking art’. Via Cardiff, I reflect on the place of the 1960s and ‘70s in our historical imagination today, arguing for a more uneasy reading of the art of these decades than we have previously been used to.
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MICHAEL, EMILY. "Using Goal-Setting and Performance Feedback to Increase Adults' Daily Walking." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/477711.
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Applied Behavioral AnalysisM.S.Ed.
Obesity has become a problem of social significance in the United States, particularly among adults. Physical activity, such as walking, can help combat the negative health effects of obesity and is a suitable target for intervention. The package intervention of goal-setting and performance feedback have emerged as a promising tool to increase physical activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of goal-setting and performance feedback with a pedometer as a method of increasing daily walking and step counts of adults. This study used the range-bound changing criterion design and the traditional changing criterion design to examine the effects of the package intervention for adults in their natural day-to-day settings. This study extended previous research implementing goal-setting and performance feedback as a package intervention. Keywords: Goal-setting, performance feedback, walking, steps, adults, pedometer, range-bound changing criterion design.
Temple University--Theses
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Lee, Chelsea Megan. "The Walking Dead: Rhetorical Manipulations of Death in Early Modern Performance." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8604.
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Death's presence on the Renaissance stage, and in Renaissance life, has been noticed and remarked upon by scholars in the past. The role of death in the early modern period was in flux due to major changes in religious and social life. During this time, the relationship between the living and dead was put into question, and the way the culture handled preparing for death began to change in significant, if subtle, ways. Renaissance drama became a stage for exploring and confronting the presence of death in life. King Lear and Hamlet remain two of Shakespeare's most enduring meditations on death, though the interpretations of the deaths and the meaning gleaned from the texts varies. My project involves presenting an alternative reading of the deaths that can only be found when one reads the performances in relation to primary documents of the time that deal with similar preparations for death. By reading Hamlet in relation to execution rhetoric and King Lear in relation to will-writing in the early modern period, we can begin to understand the value of their deaths in accordance with the societies they represent. Ultimately, Hamlet succeeds in satisfying the demands of an execution and creates a death that serves both himself and his community. On the other hand, Lear fails to adequately prepare for death and compose a considerate will, which leaves his kingdom in ruins. Both are monarchs whose bodies represent the states they leave behind, but only one manages to satisfy a monumentality that maintains the stability of his kingdom.
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Darby, Kristofor James. "Pedestrian performance : a mapped journey." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/9924.
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This thesis is located within the discourse of pedestrian performance, an area of research which has emerged from a recent proliferation of site-based works that are concerned with walking as an aesthetic and performative practice. However, my research seeks to expand the field beyond studies of site-based performances. Through placing emphasis on the action of walking itself within performance, I argue that pedestrian performance is an umbrella term for a host of performances that utilise walking. Beginning at the turn of the twentieth century, I present a mapped journey of pedestrian performance, with each chapter in my thesis acting as a waymarker. Each waymarker is shaped by a distinctive spatial arrangement, plotting a journey from the theatre to the site. Although there is a sense of chronology in this journey, its structure lies principally in the subtle shifting of the spatial arrangement of the performer and audience. The first waymarker is that of the theatre, where I examine the manner in which the journey has been staged and the kinesthetic empathy of a seated audience. I then move to the overlooked staging of promenade performance, exploring the varying tensions incurred by putting an audience on their feet. From here I investigate the familiar territory of site and how walking allows us to distinguish between site-specific and situation-specific performances. Finally I address the non-site, illustrating how this theory of land artist Robert Smithson, can enhance our understanding of a recent wave of pedestrian performances which involve journeys to sites that cannot be reached. I close this thesis by presenting a more cohesive illustration of pedestrian performance, illustrating its varying incarnations within an expanded field. Such an expansion of the landscape allows the pedestrian performance scholar to discern between the different ways in which walking and the journey motif has been utilised in performance. Furthermore, it also reveals a legacy of this mode of performance which predates its popularity in site-based works, enabling a dialogue to occur between scholars of both theatre and performance studies.
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Swilling, Benjamin John. "Human walking adaptations to distant limb mass disturbances : investigating biomimetic performance objectives." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33911.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-103).
Online optimal trajectory planning is required in the control of humanoid robots, advanced prostheses, and impaired human limbs via functional neuromuscular stimulation . Optimization problems that involve complex, high degree of freedom simulations of the musculoskeletal system require extensive computational effort to solve. A methodology for generating optimal gait patterns in an online and computationally efficient manner is needed. It is the goal of this thesis to work towards the development of biologic performance criteria that can be utilized in finding solutions to reduced order walking optimization problems. Toward the development of biologically realistic performance criteria, human subjects were inertially-perturbed and the reorganization of gait quantitatively measured. Ten subjects walked at a self-selected speed with and without a 5 kg mass attached to the right ankle. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected for the weighted and unweighted conditions using ground force platforms and a multi-camera infrared tracking system, respectively. A 16 segment model of the body was built for each subject and a variety of kinematic, kinetic, and total system parameters calculated throughout the gait cycle.
(cont.) Additionally, the normal kinematic dataset was analyzed with a 5 kg mass virtually placed on the right ankle. The virtual mass dataset served as a known suboptimal solution as a basis for comparison. A Wilcoxon rank sign test was performed, and the ankle-weighted dataset was compared to normal. There were no significant changes in stride frequency, step length, stride length, or self-selected walking speed between the weighted and unweighted walking conditions. There were significant deviations in the kinematics of the right leg, but most were generally small with the exception of a decrease in maximum flexion angle of the affected leg during swing. In comparison to the virtual mass case to the true weighted case, it was determined that the reorganization of gait yields an increase in gait efficiency, a decrease in work to move the body center of mass, and a general reduction in reaction torque of the affected leg. It is suggested that the biologic performance objective consists of some function comprising of the energetic costs to move the body center of mass, gait efficiency, and joint reaction torques.
by Benjamin John Swilling.
S.M.
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MacPherson, Sandra. "From Spectator to Citizen: Urban Walking in Canadian Literature, Performance Art and Culture." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37321.
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This dissertation examines urban walking in Canada as it deviates from a largely male peripatetic tradition associated with the flâneur. This new incarnation of the walker—differentiated by gender, race, class, and/or sexual orientation—reshapes the urban imaginary and shifts the act of walking from what is generally theorized as an individualistic or simply transgressive act to a relational and transformative practice. While the walkers in this study are diverse, the majority of them are women: writers Dionne Brand, Daphne Marlatt, Régine Robin, Gail Scott, and Lisa Robertson and performance artists Kinga Araya, Stephanie Marshall, and Camille Turner all challenge the dualism inscribed by the dominant (masculine) gaze under the project of modernity that abstracts and objectifies the other. Yet, although sexual difference is often the first step toward rethinking identities and relationships to others and the city, it is not the last. I argue that poet Bud Osborn, the play The Postman, the projects Ogimaa Mikana, [murmur] and Walking With Our Sisters, and community initiatives such as Jane’s Walk, also invite all readers and pedestrians to question the equality, official history and inhabitability of Canadian cities. As these peripatetic works emphasize, how, where and why we choose to walk is a significant commentary on the nature of public space and democracy in contemporary urban Canada. This interdisciplinary study focuses on Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal, cities where there has been not only some of the greatest social and economic change in Canada under neoliberalism but also the greatest concentration of affective, peripatetic practices that react to these changes. The nineteenth-century flâneur’s pursuit of knowledge is no longer adequate to approach the everyday reality of the local and contingent effects of global capitalism. As these walkers reject an oversimplified and romanticized notion of belonging to a city or nation based on normative identity categories, they recognize the vulnerability of others and demand that cities be more than locations of precarity and economic growth. This dissertation critically engages diverse Canadian peripatetic perspectives notably absent in theories of urban walking and extends them in new directions. Although the topic of walking suggests an anthropocentrism that contradicts the turn to posthumanism in literary and cultural studies, the walkers in this study open the peripatetic up to non-anthropocentric notions as the autonomous subject of liberal individualism often associated with the male urban walking tradition is displaced by a new focus on the interdependent, affective relation of self and city and on attending to others, to the care of and responsibility for others and the city.
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Yu, Jie. "The significance of walking speed in physical function among a group of community dwelling older adults." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6049.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "May 2008" Includes bibliographical references.
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Herrmann, Andrew F. "Walking in Kierkegaard’s Moment: Love and Loathing in the Church." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/823.
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Costa, Nelson Rafael Simoes. "Lower Body Exoskeleton for Walking Gait Assistance and Performance Augmentation using Compliance Controlled Actuators." Thesis, University of Salford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502780.
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King, Audrey E. "Effects of Age on Cognitive Performance While Sitting and Walking at a Treadmill Workstation." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1527848728899635.
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Veloso, Verônica Gonçalves. "Percorrer a cidade a pé: ações teatrais e performativas no contexto urbano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27155/tde-29082017-143339/.
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A presente pesquisa visa observar o modo de operar da arte contemporânea fundada no caminhar e investigar o quanto ela se faz acessível ao espectador, o quanto ela é inclusiva, relacional e horizontal. Contrariamente a um entendimento de que a arte contemporânea é de difícil acesso, nosso objetivo é relacionar a dissolução de certos estatutos da cena contemporânea com a aproximação do espectador de sua estrutura de funcionamento, a ponto de ele se tornar mais indispensável para sua realização do que o próprio artista. No primeiro capítulo, apresento esse contexto de dissolução (como linhas invisíveis do mapa), inicialmente no campo do teatro e, posteriormente, na configuração das performances, campo no qual as noções de cena, encenação e espectador já não operam. No segundo capítulo apresento o ato de caminhar em relação ao pensar e ao criar; uma prática estética e política a ser desdobrada nos três capítulos seguintes. Desse modo, do segundo ao quinto capítulo observo modalidades do caminhar: passeios, derivas, fugas, perseguições e travessias realizadas por artistas de diversas procedências (do teatro à land art, da dança à arte conceitual, da performance ao real) e, em alguns casos, por espectadores ou passantes. Todas essas ações, sobretudo as performances, resultam em outras materialidades (fotografias, vídeos, desenhos e narrativas) que são igualmente compartilhadas com espectadores ausentes do ato de sua execução. No último capítulo, trato desses rastros ou vestígios - bem como do acesso aos programas dessas ações - como um importante material para os espectadores, que conhecendo os \"modos de fazer\" dessas modalidades artísticas, compreendem seus \"modos de usar\". Assim, caminhar como prática estética configura-se como um ato de transgressão do sistema vigente, uma vez que se trata não apenas de uma ação, mas de uma atitude ao alcance de toda e qualquer pessoa. Ao ocupar o contexto urbano por sua dimensão mais baixa, o chão, o sujeito que caminha experimenta outras formas de sociabilidade e outras configurações para o real, inventando micro-poéticas do devir.This research aims to observe the way contemporary art founded on walking works and to investigate how much it is accessible to the public, how much it is inclusive, relational and horizontal. Contrary to an understanding that contemporary art is difficult to access, our goal is to relate the dissolution of certain contemporary scenes statutes with the spectator\'s approach of its functional structure, to the point that he becomes more indispensable for its accomplishment than the artist himself. In the first chapter, I present this context of dissolution (as invisible lines of the map) initially in the theater field and, posteriorly, in the configuration of the performances, a field in which the notions of scene, staging and spectator no longer operate. In the second chapter, I present the act of walking in relation to thinking and creating; an aesthetic and political practice to be deployed in the three following chapters. Thus, from the second to the fifth chapters, I observe walking modalities: strolls, drifts, escapes, persecutions and crossings by artists of different origins (from theater to land art, from dance to conceptual art, from performance to real) and, in some cases, by spectators or bystanders. All these actions, particularly the performances, result in other materialities (photographs, videos, drawings and narratives) which are equally shared with spectators absent from the act of its realization. In the last chapter, I deal with these traces or vestiges - as well as the access to the programs of these actions - as an important material for the spectators, who getting to know the \"ways of doing\" of these artistic modalities, understand their \"ways of using\". Therefore, walking as an aesthetic practice configures itself as an act of transgression of the current system, since it is not only an action, but an attitude within the reach of any person. By occupying the urban context in its lower dimension, the ground, the subject who walks experiences other forms of sociability and other settings for the real, inventing micro-poetics of devenir.
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Tremonte, Fabio Rogerio de Mello. "Redflag: caminhadas e territórios." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27159/tde-17052013-164441/.
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Durante o processo de desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, uma série de trabalhos intitulada Redflag foi produzida. Esse grupo torna-se, então, o eixo principal da dissertação. É composta por trabalhos que lidam com a vivência no espaço urbano, principalmente, através de caminhadas e a criação de territórios, e, a partir disso, colocando em pauta questões que permeiam a configuração da cidade. Concomitantemente, são apresentados textos e trabalhos de artistas e de outros autores que relacionam-se diretamente com o tema da pesquisa, (Werner Herzog, Francis Alÿs, Robert Smithson, Hélio Oiticia, entre outros) propondo um percurso onde algumas veredas da arte contemporânea e da literatura abertas pela prática da caminhada se encontram, se bifurcam e se distanciam, tornando a chegada, o ponto de partida.During the development process of this research, a serie of artwork called Redflag was produced. This group becomes then the main shaft of the dissertation. It is composed of artworks that deal with living in urban areas, mainly through walkings and creating territories, and, from there, putting on the agenda issues that permeate the city configuration. Concomitantly, presented texts and works of artists and other authors that relate directly to the subject of the research, (Werner Herzog, Francis Alÿs, Robert Smithson, Helio Oiticia, among others) proposed a course where some paths of contemporary art and literature were opened for practicing walking meet, bifurcate and move away, making arrival, the starting point.
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Adkins, Denise Rene. "Individual Differences in Spatial Memory Performance at 12 Months of Age: Contributions from Walking Experience and Brain Electrical Activity." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9922.
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This study examined individual differences in spatial memory performance in 12-month-old infants using brain electrical activity and walking experience. Greenough's experience-expectant and experience-dependent model of development was used to examine EEG power values among infants with different levels of walking experience (non-walkers, novice, experienced). In accordance with this model, a trend was shown for novice walkers to have higher EEG power values than both non-walkers and experienced walkers only in the central region. Walkers were also found to score higher on an object retrieval (OR) spatial memory task than non-walkers, with amount of walking experience being inconsequential. In addition, infants who scored higher on the OR spatial memory task showed a trend for higher EEG power values in medial frontal, central and parietal areas than infants scoring lower on the OR task. This was not the case for the manual search spatial memory task (AB). There was no interaction among spatial memory performance, walking experience and brain electrical activity. The utility of OR as a spatial memory task that requires the integration of relevant perceptual-motor integration is discussed.Master of Science
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Sansom, Jane A. "Contested authenticity, identity and the performance of the Anastenaria /." Title page, contents and synopsis only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs2289.pdf.
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Horák, Petr. "Po modré." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232361.
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Intervention into the public space / hoax - Forged tourist signs in the fields (obora = game preserve/park) Holedná(Brno Jundrov - Bystrc). Against standard practices, the trail is marked off any existing paths, through fences, signs are extremely frequent Work bordering with political art. The trail was handed over to Mayor Onderka at the occassion of his birthday.
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Way, Deirdre Helen. "Does movement facilitate memory for prose? a study of the effect of walking on actors' verbal memory performance." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492458.
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Memory is important in everyday life, forming the key to learning of many kinds. Leaming to speak, understanding language, recalling events experienced, telling stories and conversations rely on the cognitive operations of verbal processing and memory. Previous research has demonstrated that memory for prose can be facilitated by various means, such as by adding meaning to words by gesture, or by maintaining the context of leaming and recall.
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Law, Nok-Yeung. "Kinetics and Kinematics of the Lower Extremity During Performance of Two Typical Tai Chi Movements by the Elders." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23632.
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Tai Chi Chuan is a safe alternative for those who wish to improve balance and physical wellbeing. It is a popular form of exercise that is supported by a growing body of research aimed towards improving the health of a sedentary elderly population. The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical features of the lower extremity during performance of two Tai Chi movements, the “Repulse Monkey (RM)” and “Wave-hands in clouds (WHIC).” The study’s parameters included quantitative measures of the temporospatial, kinematic, and kinetic characteristics of the lower extremities. A group of experienced male Tai Chi practitioners (n = 15) between the ages of 65 to 75, performed “Repulse Monkey (RM)”, “Wave-hand in Cloud (WHIC)”, and forward walking. Three-dimensional (3-D) kinematic and kinetic data was collected using VICON motion analysis system with 10 infrared cameras and 4 force plates. The following variables were examined: stride width, step length, step width, single- and double-support times, centre of mass (COM) displacement, peak joint angles, range of motion, peak joint moments, time to peak moment, and ground reaction force (GRF). The differences in the measurements of the two Tai Chi movements were compared with walking using two-way ANOVA. The study’s results showed that the two Tai Chi movements elicit gentle and fluid changes to position of the upper body mass and the joints in the lower extremity. In terms of joint kinematics, the knee remained flexed throughout RM and WHIC. Unlike walking, RM had larger abduction and adduction angles at the knee joints and large plantar- and dorsiflexion ROM at the ankle. Reduced posterior, mediolateral, and vertical GRF were seen; the loading joints at the ankle and hip were gentle and smaller than walking. Varus/valgus moments were notably larger at the knee joint during RM and eversion moment was larger at the ankle joint during WHIC movement. A large, but slow loading rate at the knee joint has implication towards the viscoelastic properties of the knee. A better understanding of RM and WHIC would facilitate the improvement of balance, physical capacity, and joint flexibility for the elders.
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Kaemmerling, Astrid. "Walking the Gentrifying Streetscape: Artistic Practice in San Francisco's Mission District (2006-2016)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1466446720.
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Bradshaw, Elizabeth J., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Information-based regulation of high-velocity foot-targeting tasks." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050826.114057.
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Judging time-to-contact with a target is an important criterion for avoiding harm in everyday walking and running tasks, and maximizing performance in high-velocity sporting tasks. The information-based regulation of step length and duration during target-directed locomotion was examined in relation to gait mode, approach velocity, target task, expertise, and sporting performance during a series of four experiments. The first three experiments examined novice performers (Each n=12, 6 males, 6 females), whilst the last experiment examined expert gymnasts (n=5). Two reference strips with alternating 50cm black and white intervals were placed on either side of the approach strip for all of the experiments. One 50Hz-panning video camera filmed the approach from an elevated position. In Experiment 4, two stationary 250Hz cameras filmed the post-flight performance of the gymnastic vaults and, in addition, two qualified judges provided a performance score for each vaulting trial. The panning video footage in each experiment was digitized to deduce the gait characteristics. In Experiment 4, the high-speed video footage was analyzed three-dimensionally to obtain the performance measures such as post-flight height. The utilization of visual stimulus in target-directed locomotion is affected by the observer's state of motion as characterized by the mode of locomotion and also often the speed of locomotion. In addition, experience plays an important role in the capacity of the observer to utilize visual stimulus to control the muscular action of locomotion when either maintaining or adjusting the step mechanics. The characteristics of the terrain and the target also affect the observer's movement. Visual regulation of step length decreases at higher approach speeds in novice performers, where as expert performers are capable of increasing visual regulation at higher approach speeds. Conservatism in final foot placement by female participants accounts for the observed increase in distance from the critical boundary of the
obstacle relative to toe placement. Behavioural effects of gender thus affect the control of final foot placement in obstacle-directed locomotion. The visual control of braking in target-directed locomotion is described by a tau-dot of-0.54. When tau-dot is below -0.54 a hard collision with the obstacle will occur, however, when tau-dot is above -0.54, a soft collision with the target will occur. It is suggested that the tau-dot margin defining the control of braking reveals the braking capacity of the system. In the target-directed locomotion examined a tau-dot greater than -0.70 would possibly exceed the braking capacity of the system, thus, leading to injury if performed. The approach towards the take-off board and vaulting horse in gymnastics is an example of target-directed locomotion in sport. Increased visual regulation of the timing and length of each step is a requirement for a fast running approach, a fundamental building block for the execution of complex vaults in gymnastics. The successful performance of complex vaults in gymnastics leads towards a higher judge's score. Future research suggestions include an investigation of visual regulation of step length in curved target-directed locomotion.
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Davenport, Philip. "Performance evaluation of an ensemble neural network system of estimating transtibial prosthetic socket pressures during standing, walking and condition perturbation." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2018. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/30420/.
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Providing suitable prosthetic sockets for the restoration of function following lower-limb amputation remains a significant issue in medical device prescription. Poorly designed sockets are associated with discomfort, poor quality function and injury, with quality linked to the capability of the socket to adequately distribute the forces from ambulation. Despite this link, systems of measuring stump-socket interface pressure have not seen use in clinical practice, in part due to limitations in functional performance. A technique using neural networks to relate external socket deformation to the internal pressure distribution was recently developed: this method has several advantages over contemporary systems but had not been evaluated in detail in dynamic situations. A wireless system estimating transtibial socket pressure distribution was produced. When supplied with simulated socket loads, an estimate produced from a group of networks (an ensemble) demonstrated improved accuracy and reduced variance. Work was undertaken to identify optimal design in terms of input data conditioning and post-estimate correction. This demonstrated that these can provide significant accuracy and reliability improvements. Measurements were taken from two transtibial amputees during standing, walking, walking on slopes, walking with coronal plane misalignment and walking with an alternative socket liner. An evaluation of the contributions to variance confirmed the applicability of ensembles in this application. The system proved capable recording significant differences in socket load distribution between different prosthesis configurations. For future investigation, this demonstrates that the technique is sensitive enough to examine the changes in the application of force which are present during daily use, device set-up and common fault conditions. The results of this study support further development of the practical aspects of the system, future work in producing a realistic load training system and extrapolation of results to other sockets, structures and engineering problems.
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Agarwaal, Akkshhey. "Performance Evaluation of a Public Bus-transit System based on Accessibility to the People." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1603646337091268.
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Qaiser, Taha. "The effects of a novel lower limb proprioception training intervention on skilled walking performance for individuals with a spinal cord injury." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62226.
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Introduction: Proprioception gives us the ability to know the location of our limbs in space. It plays a critical role in movement control, including walking. After a spinal cord injury (SCI), individuals experience not only weakness or paralysis, but also proprioceptive deficits, which further compound difficulties with movement control. In this study, we tested the effects of a new robotic-based protocol to train proprioceptive sense in the lower limbs and assessed whether improvements in proprioceptive sense could also improve performance of a skilled walking task in people with SCI.
Methods: Skilled walking performance was assessed by participants’ accuracy in matching their heel position during the swing phase of walking to a virtual target presented on a monitor. Proprioceptive sense was assessed by knee joint position sense with a validated protocol using the Lokomat robotic exoskeleton. Subjects then underwent proprioceptive training. The training protocol required subjects to detect whether their heel position was higher or lower compared to an initial position. After each trial, visual feedback about their accuracy was provided. The assessments of skilled walking and knee joint position sense were assessed post-training as well as 24-hours later.
Results and Conclusion: Our results showed that the training protocol was effective, with a significant improvement in knee joint position sense post-training that was also evident 24-hours later. A slight trend in improvement was also observed in skilled walking performance post-training. These findings indicate that it is possible to improve lower limb proprioceptive acuity following sensory training and that such improvements could further influence skilled walking performance.Education, Faculty of
Kinesiology, School of
Graduate
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Ramos, Isabella. "Walking in The City: Koji Nakano’s Reimagining and Re-Sounding of The Tale Of Genji." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1037.
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Imagined Sceneries is a work written by composer Dr. Koji Nakano of Burapha University, Thailand for two sopranos, koto, light percussion, narrations, soundscapes recorded in Kyoto, Japan in December 2015, and digital projections of Ebina Masao’s 1953 print series Tale of Genji. Imagined Sceneries’ reimagining and “re-sounding” of Heian Kyoto relies on a balance between what is imagined and what is experienced in performance. Its many elements collectively explore multiple layers of Japanese histories, soundscapes, environments, and sensibilities. Using Michel de Certeau’s concepts of the city, this thesis journeys through Nakano’s imagined spaces.
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Phillips, Megan P. "THE EFFECTS OF BODY ARMOR ON LOWER BACK AND KNEE BIOMECHANICS DURING BASIC AND MILITARY INSPIRED TASKS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/24.
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With increased military personal protection equipment, body armor, comes the addition of carried load. Such person protection in recent history has been instrumental in combating the imminent threats (e.g., improvised explosive devices) of hostile environments, preventing otherwise lethal injuries. However, body armor has been suggested to degrade warfighters’ performance and compound the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Both performance and risk of injury are intensely related to joint biomechanics. Therefore the objective of this project was set to determine the immediate and prolonged effects of wearing body armor on biomechanics of the lower back and knee. A randomized cross-over study design, wherein 12 sex-balanced, physically fit, young participants completed a series of tests before and after 45 min of treadmill walking with and without body armor. Tests included two simple tests (i.e., toe-touch and two-legged squat), two military inspired tests (i.e., box drop and prone to standing) and four knee torque tests (i.e., maximum isometric contraction of knee flexors and extensors, and concentric and eccentric isokinetic contraction of knee flexors and extensors. During these tests, kinematic, kinetic and torque measurements were used to investigate the immediate and prolonged effects of exposure to body armor on several measures of knee and lower back mechanics related to performance and risk of injuries.
For the simple tests, the immediate effects of body armor were an increase of > 40 ms (p ≤ 0.02) in flexion duration of the dominant joint and an ~1 s (p ≤ 0.02) increase in overall test duration as well as an ~18% (p = 0.03) increase in the lumbopelvic rhythm ratio near mid-range trunk flexion. For the military inspired tests, the immediate effects of body armor were an increase of ≥ 0.02 s (p ≤ 0.001) in temporal test durations and an increase of ~158 N (p = 0.01) box drop peak ground reaction force. Finally during the dynamometer testing, the BA condition was found to cause a greater reduction, ~10 N•m, in the maximum isometric strength of knee flexors (p = 0.04) and an increase (p ≤ 0.03) of strength ratios compared to the no armor condition.
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Seenan, Christopher. "Laboratory and clinical investigation into lower limb ischaemic pain, and the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (Tens) on measures of pain and walking performance." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2013. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7417.
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Aims: The aims of this programme of research are to investigate the subjective description of ischaemic pain and to investigate the effects of TENS on lower limb ischaemic pain and walking performance in patients with Intermittent Claudication (IC). Methods: Four studies were conducted: two in the laboratory and two clinical trials. Laboratory- The first study investigated the reliability of a method of inducing lower limb ischaemic pain in healthy volunteers, the modified Submaximal Effort Tourniquet Test (mSETT). The second investigated the effects of High Frequency TENS (HF-TENS) and Placebo TENS (P-TENS) on lower limb ischaemic pain induced using the mSETT in healthy volunteers. Clinical- The first clinical study investigated the effects of HF-TENS and Low Frequency TENS (LF-TENS) on measures of pain and treadmill walking performance in patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) and IC. The second examined patients’ experiences of using TENS at home for PAD and IC. Results: The mSETT was found to have good test-retest reliability and induce pain similar in quality to that experienced by patients with IC. The pain experience induced with the mSETT was reduced by both HF- and P-TENS compared to baseline. HF-TENS however was more effective compared to P-TENS in this regard, prolonging time to pain threshold and tolerance whilst reducing the levels of pain reported throughout. In patients with PAD and IC, HF and LF-TENS interventions were found to increase maximum walking distance on a treadmill compared to P-TENS. HF-TENS was also found to increase pain-free walking distance. The experience of using TENS in daily life was characterised by feelings of both benefit and disappointment. This was interpreted through the following themes: (i) ‘masking, but not taking the pain away’ and (ii) ‘walking further, but not far enough’. Conclusions: The mSETT is a reliable method of inducing lower limb, ischaemic pain in healthy volunteers and could be useful for the purposes of pre-clinical analgesic trials and investigation of the ischaemic pain experience. HF-TENS was found to reduce mSETT pain indicating hypoalgesic effects of TENS in experimentally induced, lower limb ischaemic pain. HF and LF-TENS have potential as interventions that increase walking performance for patients with IC. If using TENS at home for IC, expectations of treatment effect need to be managed to avoid disappointment and feelings of frustration.
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Hochman, Lori. "Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling versus Cycling Only on Walking Performance and Quality of Life in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized, Clinical Pilot Study." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/75.
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Background: Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) stimulates peripheral nerves via electrical current to evoke muscle contractions and when combined with lower extremity cycling (LE), creates patterned leg movements. Previous studies demonstrated FES cycling is safe and effective in the spinal cord injury and stroke populations with improvements seen in walking speed, muscle mass, and bone density. Few studies have applied FES cycling to a neurodegenerative disorder, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study is to assess the effect of an 8-week training program using FES cycling, compared to Cycling Only, in people with MS (PWMS). Methods: Using a sample of convenience, PWMS were recruited to participate and randomized to the FES Cycling group or the Cycling Only group. Both groups received training three-times per week for 8- weeks using a LE ergometer. Scores on the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Times 25-Foot Walk Test (T25FW), Five Times Sit-to-Stand (5XSST), and Timed Up and Go (TUG), and spatiotemporal measure of gait were collected at baseline, (before the 1st session), 4-weeks (before the 13th session), 8-weeks (after the 24th training session), and at 4-week follow-up. Scores on the MS Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) were collected at baseline, 8-weeks, and at 4-week follow-up. Results: Fourteen participants (8 female, 6 male, mean age = 53.64 ± 10.16 years; Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) mean = 3.71 ± .091) completed the training. Cycling power output significantly increased in both groups over time (FES Cycling, p = 0.03; Cycling only p = 0.004), but no differences were found between groups (p = 0.08). The Cycling Only group demonstrated a slightly larger effect size for power output than the FES Group (d = 0.72 vs. 0.66). Immediately after the intervention period, scores on the 6MWT, 5XSST, and MFIS, and subscores of the MSQOL-54 improved significantly, but changes did not consistently favor one group over the other (p >0.05). There were no significant differences between groups on any of the outcome measures. Conclusions: FES Cycling or Cycling Only may be an effective intervention for improving walking endurance, sit-to-stand, and QOL in PWMS. This unique pilot study compared FES cycling versus Cycling Only for PWMS using a customized progression protocol. Further research with larger sample sizes are needed to better understand the effects of FES Cycling on PWMS.
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Wilson, Louise Ann. "Emplacing, re-imaging and transforming 'missing' life-events : a feminine sublime approach to the creation of socially engaged scenography in site-specific walking-performance in rural landscapes." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/85071/.
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The aim of this practice-as-research project is to contribute to the emerging field of ‘socially engaged scenography’ through the creation of site-specific walking-performance pursued in tandem with theoretical inquiry giving particular emphasis to notions of pilgrimage for rites of passage. These notions are however, reframed and reworked through the lens of the concept of the feminine sublime, which allows me to work with notions of transformation in such a way that is non prescriptive and open-ended. The practical elements of the thesis embraced two specifically designed site-specific landscape walking-performances. The underlying subject matter of those performances was biological childlessness-by-circumstance and the ‘missing’ life-event of biological motherhood. The Gathering (2014) revealed the day-to-day and seasonal workings of Hafod y Llan, an upland sheep farm in Snowdonia, Wales. It was evolved through an extended period of research at the farm. In the performance the reproductive cycles of the ewes became a metaphor for human fertility and infertility, biological and non-biological motherhood and other pathways to, and types of, mothering and parenting. Warnscale: A Land Mark Walk Reflecting On Infertility and Childlessness (Warnscale) (2015-on-going), is a self-guided walking-performance specific to the Warnscale fells in Cumbria that is mediated through a published multi-layered walking-guide/art-book and aimed at women who are biologically childless-by-circumstance. This practice-as-research project proposes that by emplacing ‘missing’ life-events, for which traditional rites of passage or ceremonies do not exist, into a rural landscape scenographic-led walking-performance can enable participants to reflect upon, re-image and transform, even in the smallest of ways, their relation to and understanding of those ‘missing’ life-events. I argued that this ‘transformation’ is achieved through an applied use of the theoretical concept of the feminine sublime, which I interpreted and evolved into six scenographic principles. I then applied these six principles to the creation and performing of The Gathering and Warnscale, which, I suggest, functioned/function as ‘socially engaged contemporary scenography’. The six principles were developed through a close study of Dorothy Wordsworth’s (1771-1855) approach to, way of engaging with and writing about landscape (her ‘mode’) documented in her Grasmere Journals (1800-1803). This ‘mode’ can, I suggest, be understood and analysed through the concept of the feminine sublime and offers a counterpoint to the ‘masculine’ or ‘transcendent sublime’, which was dominant in the Early Romantic period in which she, and some of her female contemporaries who also informed the principles, were writing. This ‘mode’ parallels my scenographic-led process. To be clear: the concept of the feminine sublime is not about the female gender but a sensibility that manifests as a way of engaging with, walking through, or dwelling in and observing the landscape. My written thesis reveals that the performances had personal (for participants) and wider social effects in relation to the underlying subject matter of biological childlessness-by-circumstance. This is evidenced in the way they enabled individuals to transform positively their personal experiences of that ‘missing’ life-event and in their contribution to the growing networks of communication about this social issue, which carries the potential for social and cultural change, in matters relating to the underlying subject.
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Alves, Danilo Leonel. "Estratégia de ritmo e advertências técnicas na Copa Brasil de Marcha Atlética." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2591.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Conhecer a estratégia de ritmo (ER) em diferentes distâncias na marcha atlética tem-se mostrado apropriado para contornar problemas associados ao desempenho físico e a execução técnica dos movimentos. Partindo de três diferentes artigos, os objetivos deste trabalho são: 1) Descrever a estratégia de ritmo geral, em diferentes sexos, categorias, desempenhos obtidos e provas; 2) Verificar a associação das advertências com a velocidade em provas de marcha atlética; 3) Comparar a estratégia de ritmo planejada pelo atleta com a executada durante um evento competitivo de marcha atlética. Participaram 89 atletas (45 homens e 44 mulheres) de nível nacional e internacional, competidores na Copa Brasil de Marcha Atlética 2015, sendo distribuídos nas categorias sub 18, sub 20 e adulto. Dos 89 atletas participantes, 53 completaram a prova, 27 foram desclassificados e 9 abandonaram. Filmadoras digitais e cones foram posicionados a cada 10 % da distância total da prova, para a aquisição dos tempos parciais a fim de elaborar posteriormente as variações do ER de cada atleta. A ER foi dividida em três trechos, inicial (0% a 10% da distância total da prova), intermediária (10% a 90%) e final (90% a 100%) com a finalidade de verificar a alteração da velocidade entre estes trechos. Para a avaliação das advertências recebidas pelos atletas nas provas de marcha atlética, foram obtidas as súmulas das provas. Posteriormente, foi determinado em qual quilômetro da prova o atleta foi advertido e qual punição recebeu. Para a avaliação da estratégia planejada, um questionário com gráficos demonstrativos das principais curvas de ER existentes em provas de média e longa distância foi apresentado aos atletas antes do início da prova, e estes assinalavam qual estratégia planejou para a prova que iria disputar. Os resultados principais encontrados indicam que: 1) a ER em marchadores brasileiros seguiu um padrão positivo, no qual os atletas iniciam a competição em alta velocidade e diminuem progressivamente o ritmo até a linha de chegada. Não houve influência significativa dos fatores sexo ou desempenho obtido sobre a ER; 2) Os atletas recebem maior quantidade de advertências por ausência de bloqueio, sendo que estas concentraram-se entre as parciais 20% e 60% da prova. A velocidade mediana (Vmed) e a menor velocidade (Vmenor) observada ao longo da prova se correlacionaram com as advertências de ausência de bloqueio; 3) Observa-se que grande parte dos sujeitos planejaram estratégias constante ou negativa, porém, na análise da estratégia executada, constata-se que a maioria dos sujeitos realizou estratégia positiva.
Knowing the pacing strategy (PS) at different distances in race walking has been shown to be appropriate to outline problems associated with physical performance and the technical execution of the movements. Starting from three different articles, the objectives of this work are: 1) Describe the overall pace strategy in different genders, classes, performances in race walking; 2) Check the association of warnings with the speed in race walking tests; 3) Compare the pace strategy planned by the athlete to run during a competitive event race walking. Participated 89 athletes (45 men and 44 women) of national and international competitors in Brazil Cup Race Walking 2015 being distributed in the categories sub 18, sub 20 and adult. Of the 89 participating athletes, 53 finished the race, 27 were disqualified and 9 abandoned. Digital cameras and cones were positioned every 10% of the total distance of the race for the acquisition of split times in order to further elaborate the variations of PS of each athlete. The PS was divided into three sections, the initial (0% to 10% of the total distance of race), intermediate (10% to 90%) and final (90% to 100%) in order to verify the change of speed between these parts. For the evaluation of warnings received by athletes in tests of race walking, the dockets of the race were obtained. It was later determined that kilometer from the race the athlete was warned and what warning received. For the evaluation of the planned strategy, a questionnaire with graphs showing the main PS curves existing averaged medium and long distance was presented to the athletes before the start of the race, and they marked what strategy planned for race that would dispute. The main results indicate that: 1) the PS in Brazilian athletes followed a positive pattern in which athletes begin competition at high speed and gradually slow down until the finish line. There was no significant influence of gender factors or performance on ER; 2) The athletes are higher amount of bent knee, and these concentrated between the session 20% to 60% of the race. The average speed and the slower speed observed over the test correlated with the bent knee; 3) It is observed that most of the subjects planned constant or negative pacing strategy, however, the analysis of the executed strategy, it appears that most of the subjects made positive pacing strategy.
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Soong, Grace Pik-Yin. "The effect of orientation and mobility training on vision and mobility performance in visually impaired adults." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36754/1/36754_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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A number of studies have investigated various visual functions of visually impaired subjects and how their visual functions relate to the subjects' ability to travel in their environment. Most studies have shown that visual field and contrast sensitivity are the most important visual factors in determining how well visually impaired subjects travel in their environment. From the outcome of the studies, some aspects of vision are known to play important roles in mobility performance of visually impaired subjects. However, in all these studies, researchers have used visually impaired subjects with differing degrees of mobility skills. The mobility performance measured in previous studies may differ among subjects depending on the level of their mobility skills rather than differences in visual function. One of the main factors which may affect subjects' mobility skills is whether or not they have had orientation and mobility (O&M) training. Anecdotal evidence reported by mobility instructors and visually impaired clients suggests that O&M instruction does improve independent travel skills. In view of the limitations of previous studies, the current study attempted to determine the effect of O&M training on vision and mobility performance of visually impaired adults. Vision and mobility performance of a group of visually impaired subjects were examined before and after O&M training. As the same group of subjects were investigated, the effects of other factors which influenced their mobility skills may be controlled. Based on the best predictors of mobility performance, vision criteria for O&M training referral were recommended. Methods. Vision and mobility performance of 2 groups of visually impaired subjects with various ocular diseases were assessed: the experimental group T who were referred and received mobility training and the control group NT with no previous mobility training and were not referred for training. Visual performances were measured binocularly as high and low contrast visual acuities, letter and edge contrast sensitivities and kinetic visual fields. The subjects' mobility performance was measured on an indoor mobility course: 1) walking efficiency was assessed as percentage preferred walking speed (PPWS) 2) mobility incidents were assessed as errors made during travel on the course. Vision and mobility performances were measured before training and approximately 4 weeks after completion of training for group T whilst group NT was assessed at two visits with a similar time period between visits as for group T. A questionnaire was administered to each group at both visits and six months after the second visit. Results. Walking efficiency of group T improved with short-term practice immediately following O&M training but there was no improvement due to long-term practice or training. On the other hand, there was no improvement in error score either due to practice or training immediately after O&M training. Error score of all subjects improved as a result of prior experience. Self-reported mobility performance did not improve immediately after O&M training but improved six months after training. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that visual field was a significant predictor before and after O&M training; it accounted for 20.4 percent and 31.2 percent of the variance in PPWS and error score respectively before training whilst accounting for 20.0 percent and 16.8 percent of the variance in PPWS and error score respectively after training. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of groups T and NT together showed that LCV A and inferior remaining visual field were best predictors of PPWS and error score respectively; PPWS began to deteriorate when LCVA was 6/150 or worse whilst error score began to decline when inferior remaining visual field was 45 degrees radius or less (between the field extent of 225 and 315 degrees). Conclusions. Mobility performance of visually impaired adults may be improved following O&M training, however, further research needs to be conducted to ascertain the level of improvement in performance over time. Visual field was shown to play a significant role in mobility performance of visually impaired adults regardless whether or not they have had O&M training, however, further research is required to ascertain the role of LCV A in walking efficiency. Tentative criteria for O&M training referral were recommended: LCVA 61150 or worse and/or inferior remaining binocular visual field of 45 degrees or less using the target IV 4 E.
However, further research is needed to ascertain if these criteria are applicable to other visually impaired groups.
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Smith, Karen Mary. "In momentum : the navigation, narration, and negotiation of continuing professional development by mid-career artists in south west England." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/305.
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This thesis explores the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) of mid-career artists in England and the South West of England in particular during 2000 to 2010. It identifies what their needs are and asks what CPD means to them; how they navigate their careers through their practice; how they articulate their needs; and how they negotiate to fulfil those needs. It examines to what extent the providers’ thinking about, and provision of, CPD in the region is aligned with the needs of the artists themselves. The individual narratives of artists are represented at the centre of this research. The research was developed in collaboration with University of Plymouth and the CPD agency, ArtsMatrix Ltd. Research methods used to collect data included extended dialogues with the artists Alyson Hallett, Mariele Neudecker, Helen Poynor and Phil Smith, via a series of walking interviews, using walking as an ethnographic research tool. By walking I engaged with a literal momentum of movement paralleling the physical and theoretical momentums of the artists’ practices. Policy and literature reviews; group interviews; artist interviews; desk-based research; observation and attendance at artist-led seminars and practice groups were also used. The research contrasts two CPD Schemes: The Contemporary Craft Fellowship Scheme, and The Artist as Cultural Agent: DIY. The thesis includes a policy and provision review of CPD literature in the UK and South West of England over the past ten years; a mapping of South West CPD provision for artists; and the identification and application of relevant theoretical and critical approaches to place, space, language and momentum in order to consider CPD provision in relation to the articulation, situation and concept of a career. This thesis argues that the language of CPD can constrain as much as enable artists’ development; that the terms “mid-career” and “South West” are open to contestation and can affect provider conceptualisations of artists in the region; and that artists need professional development throughout their careers but may not name it as such. I advocate for policy and provision to understand artists’ need to be supported “throughout” their practices rather than at certain points in a career, and advocate walking as both a research method and as one of a number of facilitative practices for those who provide CPD with or for experienced artists. I also advocate for artist-led CPD initiatives and an administrative support agency for artists.
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Fabbri, Andrea. "Il trattamento fisioterapico conservativo nei pazienti ortopedici attraverso i principi della Blood Flow Restriction: ambiti di applicazione, modalita ed efficacia. Una scoping review." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24550/.
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Background: La blood flow restriction therapy (BFRT) è una tecnica di allenamento nata per migliorare le performance degli atleti che si sta diffondendo anche in ambito riabilitativo per i suoi benefici nell’aumentare la forza ed il trofismo muscolare con un minor stress muscoloscheletrico.
Obbiettivo: definire e sintetizzare in maniera chiara la letteratura disponibile al fine di capire gli ambiti di applicazione, le modalità e le prove di efficacia della BFRT nell’ambito del trattamento fisioterapico conservativo.
Metodi: revisione della letteratura completata il 7/11/2021 consultando i database di MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase e Pedro. Sono stati inclusi studi su pazienti con disturbi muscoloscheletrici non operati in trattamento conservativo sottoposti a BFRT con outcome principali su riduzione del dolore, aumento della forza e trofismo muscolare, recupero funzionale e recupero dell’articolarità.
Risultati: In totale 103 articoli sono stati identificati e tramite il processo di selezione 14 sono stati inclusi nel presente elaborato di cui 7 revisioni sistematiche e 7 studi clinici. I soggetti erano prevalentemente affetti da osteoartrite (OA) e dolore femoro-rotuleo. La maggior parte degli studi ha valutato gli effetti sulla forza muscolare e sulla percezione del dolore con prove di efficacia discordanti. I parametri di allenamento e dei bracciali sono stati stabiliti in modo eterogeneo e nella maggior parte dei casi non è stato utilizzato un device per stabilire il grado di occlusione.
Conclusioni: Il trattamento conservativo secondo la BFRT risulta essere studiato principalmente nei soggetti con gonalgia. Le prove esistenti non sono sufficienti per trarre conclusioni definitive sull’efficacia a causa dei risultati contrastanti. Sono necessari studi futuri che prevedano metodiche di allenamento con BFR standardizzate, utilizzo di device automatici per il calcolo dell’occlusione arteriosa, omogeneità nella scelta delle cuffie, popolazioni più omogenee e più numerose.
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Sosnowski, Molly. "DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE PERFORMANCES WHILE WALKING, STANDING & SITTING." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1462280084.
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Chen, Lin. "Dynamic analysis of musculoskeletal system performances during human standing and walking." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dynamic-analysis-of-musculoskeletal-system-performances-during-human-standing-and-walking(e1f81cce-cf44-4f62-99e7-0a1d104bc797).html.
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The objective of this thesis is to develop the computational methodologies for investigating the musculoskeletal system performance during human standing and walking, which can lead to a better understanding of the musculoskeletal functions in standing balance and locomotion, and hence to improve clinical diagnosis, treatments and also rehabilitation interventions. Firstly, an improved Hill-type muscle model was developed to describe the dynamic response of a musculotendon unit subjected to neural excitation by considering more physiological characteristics of skeletal muscles. The dynamic process from neural input through to muscular force generation was represented using two processes: neural excitation dynamics and muscle activation dynamics. The improved muscle model has been used throughout the thesis for musculoskeletal analysis. An inverted pendulum model driven by a pair of antagonistic muscles was developed to stimulate human standing in the sagittal plane. A set of dynamic simulations has been used to investigate the effect of muscle intrinsic properties on system stability. It is found that the force-velocity relationship of the muscle contractile element has the most significant impact on the dynamic stability of the musculoskeletal system. Thereafter, a musculoskeletal model with six ankle flexor and extensor muscles, which was combined with a multi-objective optimization scheme had been constructed to investigate the interplay between energy cost and body stability during standing balance. The simulation results suggest that there is a very strong dependence between energy expenditure and body stability during standing postural control, and energy expenditure appears to be a primary consideration in standing balance. To simulate human walking biomechanics, a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model with 13 body segments and 98 muscle groups was constructed using OpenSim software. The gait measurement database provided by Grant Challenge Competition was used to support the modelling. A set of bone scaling and inverse kinematics procedures was used to refine the model to fit the subject-specific anthropometric and kinematic dataset. The refined model generated reasonable muscle moment arm and net muscle moment data over a complete walking cycle. Finally, a novel computational framework has been developed to evaluate the mechanical loadings at each individual skeletal muscle group during human walking by integrating a forward dynamics formulation of the muscle contraction dynamics into an inverse dynamics based static optimization scheme. The experimental validation against the measured force sensor data suggested that the approach proposed here provided more accurate estimation of the muscular loadings than the conventional static optimization method and also the OpenSim software.
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Dumurgier, Julien. "Conséquences et déterminants du déclin moteur chez le sujet âgé : analyses transversales et longitudinales dans la cohorte des 3 Cités." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635892.
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Le déclin des performances motrices du sujet âgé est associé à un risque accru de morbimortalitéet représente une problématique majeure pour nos sociétés vieillissantes. Son origine est le plus souvent multifactorielle et nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés au rôle des facteurs de risque vasculaire à partir des données longitudinales et transversales de la cohorte dijonnaise de l'étude des 3 Cités. Les performances motrices ont été évaluées à travers la mesure de la vitesse de marche sur 6 mètres chez des sujets âgés de 65 à 85 ans à l'inclusiondans l'étude.Nous avons ainsi observé que l'hypertension artérielle à l'inclusion dans l'étude était associée à une vitesse de marche plus lente et à un déclin de la vitesse de marche plus important au cours du suivi. Parmi les participants ayant eu une IRM cérébrale à l'inclusion, nous avons observé une relation entre la vitesse de marche et les volumes sous-corticaux de substance grise cérébrale, en particulier le volume du noyau caudé. Une vitesse de marche plus lente à l'inclusion était associée à un risque accru de mortalité toutes causes 5 ans plus tard, avec une association plus forte pour la mortalité cardiovasculaire.Ces résultats sont en faveur d'une contribution cérébrovasculaire au déclin des fonctions motrices du sujet âgé, et participent à une meilleure compréhension de ce processus.
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Franchina, Loreley. "Entre braises et ciel : théâtres de feu. Étude du cycle rituel de la marche sur le feu à l’île de La Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0003.
Full textAbstract:
À l’île de La Réunion, la marche sur le feu est un cycle rituel hindou annuel qui dure dix-huit jours. Rythmé par des prières et des mises en scène, son acmé est la spectaculaire traversée pieds nus d’un tapis de braises ardentes. Les individus choisissent délibérément de se soumettre à l’épreuve du feu, ils se sacrifient en l’honneur de la divinité. Dans le cadre de l’anthropologie de la performance, par l’analyse du cycle rituel et des paroles des pratiquants, cette recherche propose d’appréhender les motivations qui exhortent un individu à s’engager dans cette pratique à l’intérieur de l’univers créole. Elle propose de découvrir les modalités par lesquelles l’individu abandonne l’espace sécure et fait face au risque. L’idée directrice de cette thèse est que l’implication dans le rituel n’est jamais sans réserve, elle est un choix entériné par un désir sous-jacent, plus ou moins conscient, de changement d’une situation que le pratiquant souhaite améliorer ou d’un problème qu’il entend régler. La préparation à l’épreuve demande de plonger dans l’intime, de scruter l’être au plus profond. Le rituel, dans son efficacité, a un impact sur la vie future. La marche sur le feu est, in fine, une réponse à un besoin de l’individu en quête de sens, un outil pour devenir l’artisan de sa propre vieIn La Réunion fire-walking is an annual Hindu ritual which lasts for eighteen days. Rhythmed by prayers and representations, its acme is the spectacular barefoot walk across a pit filled with hot embers. The individuals choose deliberately to submit themselves to the trial by fire, they sacrifice themselves in honour of a divinity. Within the framework of the anthropology of the performance, by the analysis of the ritual and the words of the practitioners, this research analyses the motivations which exhort an individual to commit themselves to this practice in the Creole universe. It suggests exploring the modalities by which the individual abandons a secure space and faces risk. The leading idea of this thesis is that the implication in the rite is never without reserve, it is a choice confirmed by an underlying desire – more or less conscious – of changing a situation which the devout wishes to improve, or of a problem which the devout wants to solve. In preparation for the event, the devout dives deep into the intimate and scrutinises the inner self. The rite, in its efficacy, has an impact on the future life. Fire-walking is, in fine, an answer to a need for the individual who is in search of meaning and a tool to become the artisan of one’s own life
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Rosas, Blanch Faye, and faye blanch@flinders edu au. "Nunga rappin: talkin the talk, walkin the walk: Young Nunga males and Education." Flinders University. Yunggorendi First Nations Centre, 2009. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090226.102604.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
This thesis acknowledges the social and cultural importance of education and the role
the institution plays in the construction of knowledge in this case of young Nunga
males. It also recognizes that education is a contested field. I have disrupted
constructions of knowledge about young Nunga males in mainstream education by
mapping and rapping - or mappin and rappin Aboriginal English - the theories of
race, masculinity, performance, cultural capital, body and desire and space and place
through the use of Nunga time-space pathways. Through disruption I have shown
how the theories of race and masculinity underpin ways in which Blackness and
Indignity are played out within the racialisation of education and how the process of
racialisation informs young Nunga males experiences of schooling. The cultural
capital that young Nunga males bring to the classroom and schooling environment
must be acknowledged to enable performance of agency in contested time, space and
knowledge paradigms. Agency privileges their understanding and desire for change
and encourages them to apply strategies that contribute to their own journeys home
through time-space pathways that are (at least in part) of their own choosing.
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Borghesi, Francesco. "Effetti del training con treadmill perturbato rispetto a training con treadmill convenzionale sulla performace del cammino e sul controllo posturale in persone affette da morbo di Parkinson: revisione sistematica della letteratura." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21963/.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: il morbo di Parkinson è una patologia neurodegenerativa caratterizzata da un ampio spettro di sintomi clinici; tra questi i deficit del cammino e del controllo posturale rappresentano la componente preminente dell’alterato quadro motorio tipico di questa patologia. Tra gli interventi non farmacologici il treadmill rappresenta un’opzione terapeutica dalla quale si stanno sviluppando nuovi approcci, quali l’aggiunta di destabilizzazioni posturali.
OBIETTIVO: confrontare l’efficacia del training tramite treadmill perturbato, con il training convenzionale tramite treadmill, in soggetti affetti da morbo di Parkinson, per quanto concerne gli outcome del cammino e del controllo posturale.
DISEGNO DI STUDIO: revisione sistematica di Randomized Controlled Trials, redatta secondo la checklist del PRISMA statement.
FONTI DEI DATI: banche dati elettroniche indagate PubMed, CENTRAL, PEDro, Trip Medical Database, CINAHL. Ricerche aggiuntive sono state condotte tramite l’analisi delle citazioni bibliografiche di articoli trattanti i medesimi argomenti. La ricerca è stata condotta da Marzo 2020 al 15 Ottobre 2020.
CRITERI DI ELEGGIBILITA’: sono stati consultati RCT che indagassero la comparazione tra il PTT e il CTT, in soggetti affetti da morbo di Parkinson, per quanto concerne gli outcome riguardanti il miglioramento del cammino e del controllo posturale.
RISULTATI: 5 studi inclusi. L’analisi complessiva dei risultati non indica una superiore efficacia PTT, rispetto al CTT, nella riabilitazione di pazienti affetti da morbo di Parkinson. Entrambe le tipologie di intervento mostrano miglioramenti significativi relativamente al cammino, e miglioramenti non rilevanti riguardo al controllo posturale. Risultano però delle “tendenze positive” a favore dell’intervento con PTT per alcuni parametri sia del cammino, sia del controllo posturale.
CONCLUSIONI: il riscontro di “tendenze positive” nel PTT fornisce uno spunto rilavante per la pratica clinica e per ricerche future.
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AN, TSAI-FU, and 安財福. "The Change of BaiShaTun- Mazu’s Pilgrimage By Walking Performance." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20712057732941775142.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺南大學
台灣文化研究所
105
Baishatun Gong tian Temple is the main worship of Matsu lactated near the ocean in Tongxiao Township, Miaoli County. This temple goes on a pilgrimage every year to Beigang Chaotian Temple, so far still follow this traditional. “Baishatun Matsu’s pilgrimage performance through walking " was designated as intangible culture assets in 2010. The festival attracts lots followers from all over the country to go on a pilgrimage that called "Journey on foot". It developed into a religion network organization, and then blossom with specialization and efficiency. Thus, we can learn the cultural content through participating in the ceremony. In the same time, young people involved in pilgrimage performance by the community website, that brings about the effect of cultural heritage. Does the high quality of invisible culture treasure still exist? Baishatun Matsu pilgrimage performance route is not fixed, that Matsu goes by is depend on determining of palanquin performance (meaning of language). The bearers just convey the will of the Matsu. The palanquin is the word transmission; Journey on foot is the recipient of the word. Baishatun-Matsu’s belief sphere is recognized as mobile belief sphere in real-time. Nowadays, the cultural preservation of the development trend is focused on the localization, emphasizing the local empowerment is the important part of cultural preservation. Therefore Baishatun residents should be involved in this course. How to do the culture inherited? Perhaps there are arguments on measures of cultural preservation, but the thinking is open. If we can take the strategic for "Franchise" and "Total Control", we may able to re-create a sense of honor for Baishatun residents. Also, an issue “Can you accept the preservation of cultural assets for a charge?” is worthy of exploring.
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YU, HAIANG-TENG, and 游庠騰. "Intervention of music and movie on treadmill walking performance." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35252488143926372378.
Full textAbstract:
碩士華梵大學
工業工程與經營資訊學系碩士班
105
With the advance of technology, most of manual activities were taken over by robots. Lower physical activity level resulted in obesity which has been demonstrated that the main cause induced many diseases, e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, lower back pain, and so on. The findings of previous studies indicated that fast walk can effectively improve the problem of obesity. The weather in summer and winter, too hot and raining, were not suitable to walk at outdoor since Taiwan is located in subtropical area. Therefore indoor gyms are popular everywhere. However, people cannot take a fast walk long in an indoor gym because of boring. To keep people walking longer, playing music or movie were the common ways. The music intervention in exercise has been proved to longer the endurance time. But lack of studies has evaluated the effect of watching video on the endurance of fast walk. Thus, this study aims to investigate the watching video effect on fast-walk endurance time. Twelve male subjects were recruited from Huanan University. Experiment 1 is to study the effect of subject, music preference (preference, non-preference), stimulus presentation modality (listening music, watching MV) on fast-walk endurance time, HR, HRV and EFI. Experiment 2 evaluates the effect of subject and image content (none, MV, movie) on fast-walk endurance time, HR, HRV and EFI. The results showed that music preference were significantly influenced on fast-walk endurance time, HR and EFI. Preferred music induced significantly greater endurance time, HR and positive feelings of EFI. Stimulus presentation modality has a significant effect on HR. Listening music has significantly higher HR than watching MV. The effect of image content was significant on fast-walk endurance time and EFI. Watching movie has significantly longer endurance time and higher positive feeling of EFI than watching MV and none. In order to enlarge the endurance time of fast walk and gain more positive feelings of EFI, watching preferred movie or MV were recommended for fast walking in indoor gyms.
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Sagar, Stephen Peter. "Clinical validation of the Walking Impairment Questionnaire in patients with peripheral arterial disease: defining high and low walking performance values." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6672.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The validity of the Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) as a clinical tool for use by clinicians in the conservative management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has not been well established. The objective of this study was to determine the validity of the WIQ as a tool to identify high and low walking ability (performance) in patients with PAD.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and enrolled 132 new and existing PAD patients who consecutively attended the vascular clinic at Kingston General Hospital between May 2010 and May 2011. Patients with an Ankle Brachial Index ≤0.9 were approached for study inclusion. Participants were excluded if they had (a) severe ischemia requiring intervention; (b) comorbid conditions that limited walking (angina, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or severe arthritis); (c) wheel chair, cane or walker requirement; (d) non-compressible arteries; and/or (e) severe cognitive impairment. Walking performance was assessed with the Walking Impairment Questionnaire (surrogate measure) and a standardized graded treadmill test (gold standard measure). Other study variables were obtained via questionnaire (age, sex, comorbid conditions and smoking status) or direct measurement (weight, height, waist circumference).
Results: 123 patients completed the treadmill test (70.7% males, mean age of 66.5 and mean ABI of 0.6 with range 0-0.9). The scores on the WIQ ranged from 0 to 100 and absolute claudication distance (ACD) ranged from 0.03 to 0.98 miles. All WIQ subscale and overall scores were positively and moderately associated with the ACD (r values 0.63 to 0.68, p<0.05). Based on the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, an overall WIQ score of 42.5 or less identified low performers (sensitivity 0.9, specificity 0.7, area under the curve 0.89) while a combined distance and stair score of 75.5 or more identified high performers (sensitivity 0.4, specificity 0.9, area under the curve 0.81).
Conclusions: Based on these findings, the WIQ, an easily administered self-report questionnaire, and the cutoffs identified could be used to quantify and classify walking ability in PAD patients, making this a potentially useful tool for clinicians to manage PAD patients.Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2011-08-25 13:03:34.694
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Shepertycky, MICHAEL. "The Development and Performance Evaluation of an Energy Harvesting Backpack." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8212.
Full textAbstract:
In the past decade, society has become increasingly dependent on portable electronic devices that are almost exclusively powered by batteries. The performance and duration of operation of these devices are constrained by the limited energy per unit mass of batteries. Recent advances in the field of energy harvesting have led to the development of efficient and sustainable technologies that are capable of collecting mechanical energy from human motion, and producing the electrical power required to operate portable devices. This thesis focuses on the design and evaluation of a motion-based biomechanical energy harvester that collects energy from the user’s lower limbs. Two lower-limb energy-driven harvesting backpacks, a belt-driven prototype and a gear-driven prototype, were developed. Human treadmill walking testing showed that the belt-driven prototype was able to produce 19.3-12.2W of electrical power with a device efficiency of 34.4-48.4%. The belt-driven prototype had a low metabolic cost of carrying the device, approximately 18W, but had a large metabolic cost of producing electrical power, approximately 188W. This large metabolic cost of energy production is likely a consequence of the large mechanical power required to drive the device, namely to overcome the moment of inertia and the frictional loss of the device. Preliminary testing of the gear-driven prototype showed that the device was able to produce 7-11.2W of electrical power with a device efficiency of 58-78%. A theoretical model was developed that was able to predict the harvester0s electrical power output and the respective load on the user, from a given input motion wave-form. This model was able to predict the peak voltage and peak force with a percent difference of 2% ± 2% and 6.4% ± 4% respectively. Further reduction of the volume, weight, and number of parts of the energy harvester is essential in making the harvester a viable commercial product for powering portable devices.Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-08-27 10:46:27.16
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陳怡君. "The Effects of Walking Exercise on the Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Walking Performance for Vocational Senior High School Students with Intellectual Disabilities." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vpwxvc.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄師範大學
復建諮商研究所
97
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of walking exercise on the cardiorespiratory endurance and walking performance for students with intellectual disabilities in a vocational senior high school. The quasi-experimental design method was adopted 26 participants from a special school in Kaohsiung city were recruited. 13 participants were assigned to the experimental group, and the other 13 participants were the control group. The experimental group received 10 weeks of walking exercise training, at 50 minuets per session, 5 days per week (Monday to Friday) and at a exercise intensity limit between 60% and 70% maximum heart rate. The control group received ordinary special education curriculums. All participants completed three times of the PACER（Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run）20-Meter Shuttle Run test and test for the average walking speed during 1600 meters：before the experiment started , after the experiment and the follow-up test at the fourteenth week of the experiment started. All results from these tests were recorded and analyzed by descriptive statistics; repeated measure t-test; the one way analysis of covariance . The major findings of this study were as follows. The results of the effects of walking exercise training indicated that the post-training scores of PACER and results of the average walking speed during 1600 meters were better than pre-training in the experimental group, and the post-training score of experimental group were better than the control group significantly. The results showed that the walking exercise training for students with intellectual disabilities in the vocational senior high school could improve their cardiorespiratory endurance and walking performance. The maintenance effects of walking exercise training revealed that the follow-up test scores of PACER and results of the average walking speed during 1600 meters were better than the pre-test results in the experimental group and, significantly, better than the post-test scores of the control group. The results showed that the walking exercise training for students with intellectual disabilities in the vocational senior high school can improve and maintain their cardiorespiratory endurance and walking performance. Finally, several suggestions were proposed for the application of the walking exercise training on the school for students with intellectual disabilities, and for future study.
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Kim, Chin-Ah Maria. "Biomechanical and strength factors contributing to walking performance in persons with stroke." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11555.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The most often stated goal by persons with stroke is improved walking function,
therefore it is important to understand the biomechanical mechanisms of gait and the factors
that may improve its performance. The purpose of this study was to 1) describe three-dimensional
(3-D) gait patterns, 2) examine the relationship between gait speed and
kinematic/kinetic variables and 3) determine the effect of maximal strength training on
walking performance, in addition to muscle strength and health-related quality of life, in
chronic stroke survivors.
Methods: Twenty individuals with chronic stroke (61.2 ± 8.4 years) were randomized into
two six week (three times a week) training programs on the basis of age, sex, and time since
onset of stroke (stratified randomization). An optoelectronic system and forceplates were
used to generate 3-D kinematic and kinetic profiles during walking. The experimental group
undertook maximal concentric isokinetic strength training o f the paretic lower limb flexors
and extensors with the use of the Kin-Corn dynamometer. The control group received
passive range of motion exercises using the same instrument. The Mann-Whitney LTest was
used to compare the changes in score (posttraining-baseline) between the control and
experimental groups: composite lower extremity strength score, walking speed (level and
stair-walking) and health-related quality of life measure (SF-36). Correlations were used to
assess the relationship between gait speed and biomechanical gait variables.
Results: Twenty-five kinematic and twenty-five kinetic patterns were identified across three
joints (hip, knee, ankle), three planes and two sides among the 20 participants. Kinetic, more
so than kinematic variables were correlated with gait speed, particularly in the sagittal and
frontal planes for both the paretic and non-paretic sides. No differences in the change of
walking speed or SF-36 scores was found between groups despite the trend (p = 0.06)
towards greater strength improvement in the experimental group following training.
Conclusions: Strength training of the flexors/extensors of the paretic limb did not result in
improvements in walking performance or health-related quality of life. The results of the
biomechanical gait analysis suggest that in addition to these muscle groups, training
programs that include hip abductors and the non-paretic limb may improve gait performance.
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Chen, Wei-Ying, and 陳威穎. "Optimizing Visual Cues to Improve Walking Performance for Patients with Parkinson’s disease." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27945547782574866347.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
物理治療暨輔助科技學系
100
The current aging society is a global issues, represent of Parkinson’s disease patients will be more and more in the future. Parkinson’s disease patients often face the disturbance of gait, the main reason is unable self-generate a proper stride length, resulting in increased number of patients falls and reduce their quality of life. Our laboratory developed a wheeled posterior walker equipped with a visual cue generating system, the study tested the different of visual cues, visual cue distances, and instructions for the Parkinson’s disease patients, then compared gait performance before and after use. The objective was to verify the using effect, and wanted to understand the optimum setting of the walking device for improve parkinson’s patient’s gait performance. The results showed that the visual cues device can actually increase the strike length and ankle dorsiflexion angle , but also reduce the walking cadence. As each patient’s gait characteristics were different, so we didn’t find the common visual distance that suitable for all patients with parkinson’s disease. Besides, we found that the stepping distance of visual cue was different with other researcher’s findings. They often suggested that the 40% of subject’s height as the distance would be suitable for patients with better ambulatory capacity, but for those with lower walking ability, the distance should be modified in the range of 20 to 30% of height. That is, we need to consider the patient’s walking ability for better adjustment of stepping distance of visual cue so as to enhance Parkinson’s patients’ walking performance.
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Routson, Rebecca Linn. "An analysis of modular patterns in healthy and post-stroke hemiparetic gait." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/27149.
Full textAbstract:
Recent studies have suggested the biomechanical subtasks of walking can be produced using a reduced set of co-excited muscles or modules. Individuals post-stroke often exhibit poor inter-muscular coordination characterized by poor timing and merging of modules that are normally independent in healthy individuals. However, whether locomotor therapy can influence module quality (timing and composition) and whether these improvements lead to improved walking performance is unclear. Further, it is unknown whether the same modules that produce self-selected walking can also produce the execution of different mobility tasks. In this study, experimental analyses were used to compare module quality pre- and post-therapy. In subjects with four modules pre- and post-therapy, locomotor training resulted in improved timing of the ankle plantarflexor module and a more extended paretic leg angle that allowed the subjects to walk faster with more symmetrical propulsion. In addition, subjects with three modules pre-therapy increased their number of modules and improved walking performance post-therapy. Thus, locomotor training was found to influence module composition and timing, which can lead to improvements in walking performance. Experimental and simulation analyses were then used to characterize modular organization in specific mobility tasks (walking at self-selected speed with maximum cadence, maximum step length, and maximum step height). We found that the same underlying modules (number and composition) in each subject that contribute to steady-state walking also contribute to the different mobility tasks. In healthy subjects, module timing, but not composition, changed when the task demands were altered. This adaptability in module timing, in addition to the ability to adapt to the changing task demands, was limited in the post-stroke subjects. The primary difference in the execution of the walking biomechanical subtasks occurred in the control of the leg during pre-swing and swing. To increase cadence, the ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors contributed more power to the ipsilateral leg in pre-swing and swing, respectively. To increase step height, the hamstrings provided energy to the ipsilateral leg that accelerated the leg into swing in pre-swing and swing. These results provide a first step towards linking impaired module patterns to mobility task performance in persons post-stroke.text
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YANG, SHUOZHI. "Inertial Sensors in Estimating Spatio-Temporal Parameters of Walking: Performance Evaluation and Error Analysis." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6664.
Full textAbstract:
The portability, ease of use and improved accuracy of miniature inertial sensors brought by current microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology has inspired researchers to develop human movement monitoring system with body-fixed sensors. Although a large number of studies have attempted to explore the use of miniature inertial sensors in estimating walking speed for the past two decades, there still remain some questions regarding applying inertial sensors in estimating walking speed under different walking conditions and for different subject populations. In this thesis, I focus on evaluating and improving the performance of a shank-mounted mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) based walking speed estimation method. My research can be divided into four parts. The first part was a systematic review regarding the state of the art of current development of the inertial sensor based walking speed estimation method. A total of 16 articles were fully reviewed in terms of sensor specification, sensor attachment location, experimental design and spatial parameter estimation algorithm. In the second part, a comprehensive performance evaluation was conducted, which included the treadmill and overground walking experiments with constraint on the walking speed, stride length and stride frequency. A systematic error was observed in the error analysis of this study, which was adjusted by subtracting the bias by linear regression. In the third part, a post-stroke subject overground walking experiment was carried out with an improved walking speed estimation method that reduced the systematic error caused by previous false initial speed assumption. In addition to walking speed estimation, the gait asymmetry for post-stroke hemiparetic gait was also evaluated with the proposed method. The last part was the sensor error model analysis. We elaborately analyzed and discussed the estimation errors involved in this method in order to completely understand the sensor error compensation in walking speed estimation algorithm design. Two existing sensor error models and one newly developed sensor error model were compared with the treadmill walking experiment, which demonstrated the effect of each sensor error component on the estimation result and the importance of the sensor error model selection.Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2011-08-23 19:38:16.965
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Pei-YunLee and 李佩芸. "Influence of different visual conditions on backward walking performance in young and older adults." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74d7xv.
Full text