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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wald Entropy

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Academic literature on the topic 'Wald Entropy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wald Entropy"

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Parikh, Maulik, and Sudipta Sarkar. "Generalized Einstein’s Equations from Wald Entropy." Entropy 18, no. 4 (March 31, 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e18040119.

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Astaneh, Amin Faraji, and Sergey N. Solodukhin. "The Wald entropy and 6d conformal anomaly." Physics Letters B 749 (October 2015): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.07.077.

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Krishnan, Chethan, and Stanislav Kuperstein. "A comment on Kerr–CFT and Wald entropy." Physics Letters B 677, no. 5 (June 2009): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2009.05.056.

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SEN, ASHOKE. "QUANTUM ENTROPY FUNCTION FROM AdS2/CFT1 CORRESPONDENCE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 23 (September 20, 2009): 4225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09045893.

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We review and extend recent attempts to find a precise relation between extremal black hole entropy and degeneracy of microstates using AdS 2/ CFT 1 correspondence. Our analysis leads to a specific relation between degeneracy of black hole microstates and an appropriately defined partition function of string theory on the near horizon geometry — named the quantum entropy function. In the classical limit this reduces to the usual relation between statistical entropy and Wald entropy.

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MYUNG, YUN SOO. "ENTROPY OF EXTREMAL WARPED BLACK HOLES." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 19 (June 21, 2009): 1485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230903093x.

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We study the entropy of extremal warped black hole obtained from the topologically massive gravity with a negative cosmological constant of Λ = -1/l2. We compare the entropy Se = πα/3G from the Wald formalism with Sw = πl u /3G from the entropy function approach. These are the same if α = l u. Also we obtain the same Cardy formula when Je = l3 q with Je the angular momentum and q the conserved quantity.

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PADMANABHAN, T. "EQUIPARTITION OF MICROSCOPIC DEGREES OF FREEDOM, SPACE–TIME ENTROPY AND HOLOGRAPHY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 14 (December 2010): 2275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271810018323.

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One can identify the number density of the microscopic space–time degrees of freedom in any diffeomorphism-invariant theory of gravity by using the principle of equipartition, applied to the area elements of a surface [Formula: see text] which are at the local Unruh temperature. The entropy associated with these degrees of freedom, which matches with the Wald entropy for the theory, can be used to obtain the field equations of the theory through an extremization priciple. When the microscopic degrees of freedom are in local thermal equilibrium, the entropy of a bulk region of space–time resides on its boundary. These facts support an emergent perspective of gravity.

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GERŠL, JAN. "THE BOUSSO ENTROPY BOUND FOR AN IDEAL GAS OF MASSIVE PARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 05 (May 2009): 763–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271809014741.

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The Bousso entropy bound is investigated for static, spherically symmetric configurations of an ideal gas with a Bose–Einstein or Fermi–Dirac distribution function. Gas of massive particles is considered. This paper is continuation of the previous work concerning the massless case. Special attention is devoted to light sheets generated by spheres. Conditions under which the Bousso bound can be violated are discussed and it is shown that a possible violating region cannot be arbitrarily large and that it is contained inside a sphere of unit Planck radius if the number of independent spin states gs is small enough. It is also shown that the central temperature must exceed the Planck temperature in order to get a violation of the Bousso bound for gs which is not too large. The situation for higher-dimensional space–times is also discussed and the conditions of Flanagan, Marolf and Wald are investigated.

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GHANAATIAN, MOHAMMAD, and AFSANEH BAZRAFSHAN. "NONLINEAR CHARGED BLACK HOLES IN AdS QUASI-TOPOLOGICAL GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 22, no. 13 (October 20, 2013): 1350076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271813500764.

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In this paper, we present the static charged solutions of quartic quasi-topological gravity in the presence of a nonlinear electromagnetic field. Two branches of these solutions present black holes with one or two horizons or a naked singularity depending on the charge and mass of the black hole. The entropy of the charged black holes of fourth-order quasi-topological gravity through the use of Wald formula is computed and the mass, temperature and the charge of these black holes are found as well. We show that black holes with spherical, flat and hyperbolical horizon in quasi-topological gravity are stable for any allowed quasi-topological parameters. We also investigate the stability of nonlinear charged black holes.

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Celso-Arellano, Pedro, Victor Gualajara, Semei Coronado, Jose N. Martinez, and Francisco Venegas-Martínez. "Impact of the Global Fear Index (COVID-19 Panic) on the S&P Global Indices Associated with Natural Resources, Agribusiness, Energy, Metals, and Mining: Granger Causality and Shannon and Rényi Transfer Entropy." Entropy 25, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25020313.

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The Global Fear Index (GFI) is a measure of fear/panic based on the number of people infected and deaths due to COVID-19. This paper aims to examine the interconnection or interdependencies between the GFI and a set of global indexes related to the financial and economic activities associated with natural resources, raw materials, agribusiness, energy, metals, and mining, such as: the S&P Global Resource Index, the S&P Global Agribusiness Equity Index, the S&P Global Metals and Mining Index, and the S&P Global 1200 Energy Index. To this end, we first apply several common tests: Wald exponential, Wald mean, Nyblom, and Quandt Likelihood Ratio. Subsequently, we apply Granger causality using a DCC-GARCH model. Data for the global indices are daily from 3 February 2020 to 29 October 2021. The empirical results obtained show that the volatility of the GFI Granger causes the volatility of the other global indices, except for the Global Resource Index. Moreover, by considering heteroskedasticity and idiosyncratic shocks, we show that the GFI can be used to predict the co-movement of the time series of all the global indices. Additionally, we quantify the causal interdependencies between the GFI and each of the S&P global indices using Shannon and Rényi transfer entropy flow, which is comparable to Granger causality, to confirm directionality more robustly The main conclusion of this research is that financial and economic activity related to natural resources, raw materials, agribusiness, energy, metals, and mining were affected by the fear/panic caused by COVID-19 cases and deaths.

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Daye, Dania, Sophia C. Kamran, Azadeh Tabari, Mark Michalski, Jeffrey W. Clark, David P. Ryan, Jill N. Allen, Janet E. Murphy, Theodore S. Hong, and Michael S. Gee. "Quantitative MR imaging biomarkers of tumor heterogeneity predict prognosis in metastatic colorectal lesions." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e15121-e15121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e15121.

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e15121 Background: Intra-tumor heterogeneity is an independent determinant of patient survival outcomes in several tumor subtypes. Spatial variations in tumor enhancement on MRI is a macroscopic imaging marker of tumor heterogeneity. The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential role of MRI-based enhancement heterogeneity measures as predictors of survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI images of metastatic hepatic lesions in 41 patients (mean age 57.2 ±14.2 years) who were diagnosed with stage IV colorectal cancer between 2007 and 2013. Tumor Kras mutation status and patient survival data for up to 95 months was available for all patients. The largest metastatic hepatic lesion was identified by a radiologist and manually segmented. 14 Haralick texture features were extracted from each lesion. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess the association between the enhancement heterogeneity measures and patient survival, with adjustment for Kras mutation status as a potential confounder. Backward stepwise feature selection was performed using p > 0.1 (Wald test) to select for statistically significant features. Results:Mean survival time was 39±3.9 months for the study population (51±4.1 months for Kras-wildtype and 37±5.1 for Kras-mutants). 68% of the patients had left-sided colon cancer; 21% had concurrent pulmonary metastases and 0.5% had concurrent brain metastasis. 61%, 27% and 12% of patients were on Flofox, Folfiri or other chemotherapeutic regimen, respectively. Texture matrix homogeneity (HR > 10; p = 0.016), inverse difference moment (HR < 0.1; p = 0.020), entropy (HR < 0.1; p = 0.033) and standard deviation (HR > 10; p = 0.006) exhibited significant independent association with patient survival. With the exception of entropy, these features maintained significant contribution to survival prediction independent of Kras mutation status. Conclusions: MRI-based quantitativeintra-metastasis heterogeneity measures are associated with patient survival and may add information beyond genetic mutation status to optimize prognosis prediction in metastatic colon cancer.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wald Entropy"

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Kaimanovich, Vadim A., Wolfgang Woess, and woess@TUGraz at. "Boundary and Entropy of Space Homogeneous Markov Chains." ESI preprints, 2001. ftp://ftp.esi.ac.at/pub/Preprints/esi1010.ps.

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Chandrasekaran, Venkat. "Modeling and estimation in Gaussian graphical models : maximum-entropy methods and walk-sum analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40521.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-86).
Graphical models provide a powerful formalism for statistical signal processing. Due to their sophisticated modeling capabilities, they have found applications in a variety of fields such as computer vision, image processing, and distributed sensor networks. In this thesis we study two central signal processing problems involving Gaussian graphical models, namely modeling and estimation. The modeling problem involves learning a sparse graphical model approximation to a specified distribution. The estimation problem in turn exploits this graph structure to solve high-dimensional estimation problems very efficiently. We propose a new approach for learning a thin graphical model approximation to a specified multivariate probability distribution (e.g., the empirical distribution from sample data). The selection of sparse graph structure arises naturally in our approach through the solution of a convex optimization problem, which differentiates our procedure from standard combinatorial methods. In our approach, we seek the maximum entropy relaxation (MER) within an exponential family, which maximizes entropy subject to constraints that marginal distributions on small subsets of variables are close to the prescribed marginals in relative entropy. We also present a primal-dual interior point method that is scalable and tractable provided the level of relaxation is sufficient to obtain a thin graph. A crucial element of this algorithm is that we exploit sparsity of the Fisher information matrix in models defined on chordal graphs. The merits of this approach are investigated by recovering the graphical structure of some simple graphical models from sample data. Next, we present a general class of algorithms for estimation in Gaussian graphical models with arbitrary structure.
(cont.) These algorithms involve a sequence of inference problems on tractable subgraphs over subsets of variables. This framework includes parallel iterations such as Embedded Trees, serial iterations such as block Gauss-Seidel, and hybrid versions of these iterations. We also discuss a method that uses local memory at each node to overcome temporary communication failures that may arise in distributed sensor network applications. We analyze these algorithms based on the recently developed walk-sum interpretation of Gaussian inference. We describe the walks "computed" by the algorithms using walk-sum diagrams, and show that for non-stationary iterations based on a very large and flexible set of sequences of subgraphs, convergence is achieved in walk-summable models. Consequently, we are free to choose spanning trees and subsets of variables adaptively at each iteration. This leads to efficient methods for optimizing the next iteration step to achieve maximum reduction in error. Simulation results demonstrate that these non-stationary algorithms provide a significant speedup in convergence over traditional one-tree and two-tree iterations.
by Venkat Chandrasekaran.
S.M.

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Jobe, Jeffrey M. "Blast resistant forced entrty [sic] steel stud wall design." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5850.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (January 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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Zhang, Yu. "Investigating Key Techniques to Leverage the Functionality of Ground/Wall Penetrating Radar." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/799.

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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been extensively utilized as a highly efficient and non-destructive testing method for infrastructure evaluation, such as highway rebar detection, bridge decks inspection, asphalt pavement monitoring, underground pipe leakage detection, railroad ballast assessment, etc. The focus of this dissertation is to investigate the key techniques to tackle with GPR signal processing from three perspectives: (1) Removing or suppressing the radar clutter signal; (2) Detecting the underground target or the region of interest (RoI) in the GPR image; (3) Imaging the underground target to eliminate or alleviate the feature distortion and reconstructing the shape of the target with good fidelity. In the first part of this dissertation, a low-rank and sparse representation based approach is designed to remove the clutter produced by rough ground surface reflection for impulse radar. In the second part, Hilbert Transform and 2-D Renyi entropy based statistical analysis is explored to improve RoI detection efficiency and to reduce the computational cost for more sophisticated data post-processing. In the third part, a back-projection imaging algorithm is designed for both ground-coupled and air-coupled multistatic GPR configurations. Since the refraction phenomenon at the air-ground interface is considered and the spatial offsets between the transceiver antennas are compensated in this algorithm, the data points collected by receiver antennas in time domain can be accurately mapped back to the spatial domain and the targets can be imaged in the scene space under testing. Experimental results validate that the proposed three-stage cascade signal processing methodologies can improve the performance of GPR system.

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Bonakele, King Tembinkosi. "Entry of Wal-Mart into South Africa : a stakeholder management perspective." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25419.

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The growing importance of emerging markets in the global economy leads many multinationals (MNEs) to explore and expand into them. Saturation and slow growth in home markets, coupled with rising incomes in emerging markets, has also accelerated retail internationalisation. These markets are generally unfamiliar to the predominantly western firms, and they come with intractable social problems, where resultant stakeholder activism abounds.The purpose of this study was to investigate stakeholder management during entry of a retailer, Wal-Mart, into an emerging market, South Africa, in order to draw lessons that could be of use to other MNEs seeking to enter similar emerging markets. The method used for the study was a qualitative archival analysis that relied on publicly available sources, namely the regulatory bodies, parliament, press releases and the print media.The research found that the key stakeholders during the entry of Wal-Mart into South Africa were the government and trade unions. Government and trade unions were concerned that Wal-Mart’s entry would lead to an increase in imports and displace local producers, in turn worsening South Africa’s unemployment crisis. It was also feared that Wal-Mart would seek to change the existing labour regime in order to marginalise trade unions and lower labour standards. The research found that stakeholder management was poor and highlights the importance of integrating stakeholder management strategy into the broader entry strategy into developing markets.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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Parisini, Enrico. "L'atmosfera termica e il suo ruolo nell'entropia dei buchi neri." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11463/.

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Con il testo presente, si intende mostrare come i gradi di libertà associati all'entropia di un buco nero possano essere ricercati in parte fruttuosamente nell'interazione dei campi quantistici con la struttura causale e geometrica esibita da un buco nero. Nel Capitolo 1, si affrontano le principali caratteristiche dei buchi neri alla luce della teoria classica di Relatività Generale: sono analizzate la soluzione di Schwarzschild e la struttura causale nello spazio-tempo conseguente, discutendo le definizioni di orizzonte e di singolarità e il rapporto che le lega, con riferimento ai risultati di Penrose e Hawking. Introdotto, all'inizio del Capitolo 2, il concetto di gravità superficiale e la metrica di Kerr-Newman, si studia il significato delle Quattro Leggi dei buchi neri, valide per soluzioni stazionarie. Il Capitolo 3 espone quali motivazioni spingano a proporre una caratterizzazione termodinamica dei buchi neri, attribuendovi una temperatura e un'entropia (detta “di Bekenstein-Hawking”) di natura geometrica, dipendente dall'area dell'orizzonte; si trattano qui i problemi che si incontrano nel costruire una corrispondente Meccanica Statistica. Si descrive dunque in quali termini il processo di radiazione di Hawking riesca a dare una spiegazione fisica della temperatura, e si rileva la presenza, secondo osservatori statici, di un'atmosfera termica nei pressi dell’orizzonte. Infine, si esamina la possibilità di attribuire alla radiazione di Hawking i gradi di libertà relativi all'entropia di Bekenstein-Hawking. In particolare, si illustra il modello a muro di mattoni di 't Hooft, che lega i gradi di libertà all'atmosfera termica. Considerando infine la deformazione dell'orizzonte dovuta a fluttuazioni quantistiche, si giunge alla conclusione che l'entropia dell'atmosfera termica rappresenta non un'interpretazione dell'entropia di Bekenstein-Hawking, bensì una sua correzione al secondo ordine.

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7

Tedesco, Patricia. "Interplay: Studies in Rowhouse Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34355.

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This thesis began as an exploration of the idea of home, a study that revealed the importance of place. Seeking to understand what makes a successful place, I studied neighborhoods with which I was familiar, identifying characteristics of both the vital and the lifeless. As a foundation for architectural exploration, this study helped me to recognize the dynamic qualities of denser, more urban neighborhoods, and to establish rowhousing as the vehicle through which to undertake my exploration of urban living. While providing the genesis for the project and further defining certain elements as worthy of further study, this initial exploration was nonetheless lacking. I had to do more than just speak of the conditions I hoped to achieve and of the characteristics of the elements with which to make the conditions manifest. I had to make the conditions, make the elements. It was essential for me to establish a clear order, so that these conditions could be brought together to form a cohesive whole. I was able to arrive at a fully conceived expression of the project by structuring the conditions that I identified through the application of three dimensional grids. The interrelationships among the grids helped structure the relationships among various conditions, ensuring that they enhanced one another, and were, in fact, stronger together than separately. Working with the grids taught me that in order for them to be effective regulators the grids had to be intelligible while still being flexible; that they should help define but never dictate. It exposed the tension between the regulating devices we, as architects, utilize as tools for design and the three-dimensional material with which the designs are constructed, as well as the obligation of reconciling the two. Not only must the device accommodate the material and the material reveal the device, but indeed all facets of the design must be considered in relation to one another and to the whole. When philosopy, device, and material work in service of one another the possibility for architectural expression rather than simple building is created. One does not revere great architects solely for their philosophies of design, the functionality of the spaces they create, the materials with which they construct them, or the regulating devices they employ, but rather for the complexity with which these elements are brought together to form a whole so well designed that it seems that it could have been done no other way.
Master of Architecture

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8

Kuklik, Robert G. "Capital Asset Prices Modelling - Concept VAPM." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196945.

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The key objective of this thesis is the outline of an alternative capital market modeling framework, the Volatility Asset Pricing Model, VAPM, inspired by the innovative dual approach of Mandelbrot and Hudson using the method based on synthesis of two seemingly antagonistic factors -- the volatility of market prices and their serial dependence determining the capital markets' dynamics. The pilot tests of this model in various periods using the market index as well as a portfolio of selected securities delivered generally satisfactory results. Firstly, the work delivers a brief recapitulation regarding the concepts of a consumer/investor choice under general conditions of hypothetical certainty. Secondly, this outline is then followed by a description of the "classical" methodologies in the risky environment of uncertainty, with assessment of their corresponding key models, i.e. the CAPM, SIM, MIM, APTM, etc., notwithstanding results of the related testing approaches. Thirdly, this assessment is based on evaluation of the underlying doctrine of Efficient Market Hypothesis in relation to the so called Random Walk Model. Fourthly, in this context the work also offers a brief exposure to a few selected tests of these contraversial concepts. Fifthly, the main points of conteporary approaches such as the Fractal Dimension and the Hurst Exponent in the dynamic framework of information entropy are subsequently described as the theoretical tools leading to development of the abovementioned model VAPM. The major contribution of this thesis is considered its attempt to apply the abovementioned concepts in practice, with the intention to possibly inspire a further analytical research.

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Polk, David Glen. "Borders and Bandaids." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56570.

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thresh-old noun `thresh-`hold, `thre-`shold _the sill of a doorway _the entrance to a house or building _any place or point of entering or beginning A threshold can be understood as the visible or invisible division and demarcation of space. It is an age-old concept tracing back even to the first notions of urban space. The largest scaled gestures of thresholds are those lines and walls that divide nations and territories. All complexities of past and current geopolitical tensions simply derive from the interpretations and implementation of the walls and geopolitical lines or lineaments. It is therefore crucial to comprehend the concept of lineaments on every scale, as it is the base idea that permeates all design. It is design in its purest form. The following architectural argument will explore Leon Battista Albert's theory of lineaments, particularly the wall as an architectural element, as he spells out in his architectural treatise On the Art of Building in Ten Books. A closer look at Alberti's treatise and the idea of lineaments will help to better refine the definition and implementation of international borders and treatises. Reconsideration of a lineament in the slightest form has the potential to drastically change the execution and enforcement of a lineament in tangible materials and their assembly during construction. The chosen design proposes a new U.S.-Mexico Joint Land Port of Entry along the border of Columbus, New Mexico, United State of America, and Puerto Palomas, Chihuahua, Mexico
Master of Architecture

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Schulzky, Christian Berthold. "Anomalous Diffusion and Random Walks on Fractals." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2000. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200000705.

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In dieser Arbeit werden verschieden Ansätze diskutiert, die zum Verständnis und zur Beschreibung anomalen Diffusionsverhaltens beitragen, wobei insbesondere zwei unterschiedliche Aspekte hervorgehoben werden. Zum einen wird das Entropieproduktions-Paradoxon beschrieben, welches bei der Analyse der Entropieproduktion bei der anomalen Diffusion, beschrieben durch fraktionale Diffusionsgleichungen auftritt. Andererseits wird ein detaillierter Vergleich zwischen Lösungen verallgemeinerter Diffusionsgleichungen mit numerischen Daten präsentiert, die durch Iteration der Mastergleichung auf verschiedenen Fraktalen produziert worden sind. Die Entropieproduktionsrate für superdiffusive Prozesse wird berechnet und zeigt einen unerwarteten Anstieg beim Übergang von dissipativer Diffusion zur reversiblen Wellenausbreitung. Dieses Entropieproduktions-Paradoxon ist die direkte Konsequenz einer anwachsenden intrinsischen Rate bei Prozessen mit zunehmendem Wellencharakter. Nach Berücksichtigung dieser Rate zeigt die Entropie den erwarteten monotonen Abfall. Diese Überlegungen werden für generalisierte Entropiedefinitionen, wie die Tsallis- und Renyi-Entropien, fortgeführt. Der zweite Aspekt bezieht sich auf die anomale Diffusion auf Fraktalen, im Besonderen auf Sierpinski-Dreiecke und -Teppiche. Die entsprechenden Mastergleichungen werden iteriert und die auf diese Weise numerisch gewonnenen Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen werden mit den Lösungen vier verschiedener verallgemeinerter Diffusionsgleichungen verglichen.

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Books on the topic "Wald Entropy"

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author, Davis Amanda Beth, ed. Sunset Play Center bath house, first floor interior, consisting of the domed entry foyer, and the fixtures and interior components of this space, including but not limited to, wall surfaces, floor surfaces, ceiling surfaces, doors, railings, ticket booth, chimney stack, signage, hanging lamps and clock : Seventh Avenue between 41st Street and 44th Street, Brooklyn: Constructed 1934-1936; Herbert Magoon, lead architect; Aymar Embury II, Henry Ahrens and others, consulting architects. New York, N.Y.]: Landmarks Preservation Commission, 2007.

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author, Most Jennifer L., ed. Jackie Robinson (Colonial Park) Play Center bath house interior, first floor interior consisting of the vaulted entry foyer and the two staircases leading to the second floor locker rooms, and the fixtures and interior components of these spaces, including but not limited to, wall surfaces, floor surfaces, ceiling surfaces, doors, railings, ticket booth, bas-reliefs, signage and metal grilles, Bradhurst Avenue between West 146th Street and West 147th Street, Borough of Manhattan: Constructed 1935-1937; Aymar Embury II, Henry Ahrens and others, Architects. New York, N.Y.]: Landmarks Preservation Commission, 2007.

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Kahn, S. Lowell. Alternative Subintimal Entry and True Lumen Re-entry Techniques. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0016.

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Subintimal arterial revascularization has a high technical success rate, but requires the ability to navigate between different planes/lumens of the arterial wall. While most failures are attributable to the inability to re-enter the true lumen distal to the occlusion, there are times where entering the subintimal lumen can be challenging as well. This chapter describes alternative strategies for both entering and exiting the subintimal plane during lower extremity revascularization.

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Helfman, Mark. Bitcoin or Bust: Wall Street's Entry into Cryptocurrency. Independently Published, 2019.

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Fox, Alistair. Art-cinema, Cultural Dislocation, and the Entry into Puberty: Vigil (Vincent Ward, 1984). Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429443.003.0006.

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This chapter explores how Vincent Ward exploits a characteristic coming-of-age story as a vehicle for addressing cultural dislocation on one hand, and Oedipal tensions and ambivalent attachments on the other, so that these personal issues are turned into a paradigmatic exemplification of a more general predicament faced by settlers living in a postcolonial situation. Ward’s use of techniques imitated from European art cinema is examined, along with the origins of the film in Ward’s own biography.

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Bi, Xiaojun, Brian Smith, Tom Ouyang, and Shumin Zhai. Soft Keyboard Performance Optimization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799603.003.0006.

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Optimization techniques have played a vital role in improving the performance (i.e., input speed and accuracy) of soft keyboards. This chapter introduces the challenges, methodologies, and results of keyboard performance optimization. Leveraging the robust human motor control phenomena manifested in text entry, we used the Metropolis random walk algorithm, and Pareto multi-objective optimization method to optimize the keyboard layout and a soft keyboard decoder. The optimization led to layouts that shorten finger travel distance and improve the input speed as well as accuracy over the Qwerty layout, and a soft keyboard decoder with improved correction and completion ability.

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Lukeman, Josh. Market Maker's Edge : a Wall Street Insider Reveals How to: Time Entry and Exit Points for Minimum Risk, Maximum Profit; Combine Fundamental and Technical Analysis; Control Your Trading Environment Every Day, Every Trade. McGraw-Hill Companies, The, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wald Entropy"

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Cencini, Massimo, Andrea Puglisi, Davide Vergni, and Angelo Vulpiani. "Entropy." In A Random Walk in Physics, 71–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72531-0_12.

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Brocki, Lennart, Michele Arzano, Jerzy Kowalski-Glikman, Marco Letizia, and Josua Unger. "Quantum Ergosphere and Brick Wall Entropy." In Einstein Equations: Local Energy, Self-Force, and Fields in General Relativity, 123–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21845-3_5.

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Tamburro, A. M. "Random Walk Between Order and Disorder." In Entropy and Energy Dissipation in Water Resources, 131–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2430-0_6.

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Aziz, Furqan, Edwin R. Hancock, and Richard C. Wilson. "Graph Entropy from Closed Walk and Cycle Functionals." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 174–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49055-7_16.

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Kassem, Hassan, and Diogo Queiros-Conde. "A Scale-Entropy Diffusion Equation for Wall Turbulence." In ERCOFTAC Series, 249–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9603-6_26.

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Schneider, Tom A. J. "Anatomy of the Abdominal Wall and Vaginal Entry in Relation to Complications of Access and Injury in Laparoscopy." In Laparoscopic Entry, 1–18. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-980-2_1.

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Pan, Jing, Yajun Yang, Qinghua Hu, and Hong Shi. "A Label Inference Method Based on Maximal Entropy Random Walk over Graphs." In Web Technologies and Applications, 506–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45814-4_41.

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van der Maarel, Eric, and Barry Koren. "Entropy Errors in the Numerical Approximation of the Euler Flow along a Kinked Wall." In Integration of Theory and Applications in Applied Mechanics, 315–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2125-2_23.

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Loke, Andrew. "Arguments for a First Cause." In The Teleological and Kalam Cosmological Arguments Revisited, 195–245. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94403-2_5.

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AbstractCosmological models which postulate an infinite past, such as eternal inflation model, Ekyroptic universe, and Penrose’s conformal cyclic cosmology, face various difficulties related to the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics (Aron Wall), and arguments against an infinite regress of causes and events: (1) The argument from the impossibility of concrete actual infinities. (2) The argument from the impossibility of traversing an actual infinite. (3) The argument from the viciousness of dependence regress. (4) The argument from the Grim Reaper paradox. Any one of these arguments would be sufficient. Bounce cosmologies which postulate entropy reversal (Sean Carroll) neglect the problem of causal dependence at the interface. I show that Linford’s suggestion that the universes to either side of the interface might be interpreted as the simultaneous causes of each other entails a vicious circularity. Likewise, a closed causal loop (Gott and Li) is viciously circular. Given that an infinite causal regress and a closed loop is not the case, there is a First Cause.

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Basavarajaiah, D. M., and Bhamidipati Narasimha Murthy. "Large Data Matrices: Random Walk Model and Application of Entropy in HIV Mother to Child Transmission (MTCT)." In HIV Transmission, 127–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0151-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wald Entropy"

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Bazargan, Majid, and Mahdi Mohseni. "Effect of Wall Heat Flux on Entropy Generation in Turbulent Mixed Convection Heat Transfer of a Pipe Flow With Highly Variable Properties." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22876.

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There are many engineering systems with working fluids which have properties varying significantly with temperature. This causes the effect of the wall heat flux on the velocity and temperature fields to become larger with respect to the constant property flows. In this study the effect of the wall heat flux on the entropy generation in the mixed turbulent convection heat transfer of a fluid flow with high property variations has been investigated. The local and total entropy generation is calculated. In addition, the region in which the entropy production is larger has been determined. Furthermore, the contribution of each of the mechanisms of entropy production which is depended on the wall heat flux is determined. It should be noted that the implementation of different heat fluxes at the tube wall affects all mechanisms of entropy generation. The results show that the bulk entropy generation reaches a minimum value when the heat transfer coefficient has a maximum value. The wall heat flux also has an opposite effect on the heat transfer coefficient and entropy generation which is a favorable result.

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Sciubba, Enrico. "Entropy Generation in Isothermal Laminar Flow Through Bifurcated Tubes With Wall Suction." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39911.

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The paper presents an analysis of the entropy generation in the bifurcation of a fluid-carrying tube in the presence of wall suction. The objective is to minimize the entropy generation rate due to the viscous flow within the tubes. Several simplifying assumptions are made to reduce the problem to a multi-objective optimization in 3 independent variables: the aspect ratio of the domain served by the flow, the diameter ratio of the primary and secondary branches, and the length of the secondary branch (the location of both the “source” of the fluid and the “sink”, i.e. the place of desired delivery of the fluid, being a datum). The wall suction is assumed to be proportional to the wetted area. For three different initial assumptions (constant Re, constant fluid velocity, constant fluid volume) it is shown that an “optimal shape” exists and is identified by the minimum entropy generation. But, this minimum is always higher than the value pertaining to the unsplit tube with no wall suction. The study demonstrates that, for a given design goal (i.e., for an assigned “function” the configuration is called to perform) Entropy Generation Minimization is a feasible “topological Lagrangian” for the bifurcation geometry.

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Brizuela, E. A. "Numerical Modelling of Entropy Generation and Transport in the Blade-Tip Gap Layer of a Radial Impeller." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-085.

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Entropy generation in the blade-tip gap layer of a radial impeller is studied by means of simple physical models solved numerically. It is shown that entropy is generated in two regions, i.e., near the shroud wall and at the fluid boundary between the gap layer and the impeller, in comparable amounts. Entropy generated near the shroud wall is carried by the flow in the gap, either upstream to the impeller inlet or downstream to the discharge. Most of the entropy generated at the fluid boundary is incorporated into the bulk flow in the channel. Operating conditions for minimal entropy generation within the tip gap are identified.

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Camberos, Jose. "Nonlinear entropy stability and random walk gas dynamics." In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-764.

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Davies, Mark R. D., and Francis K. O’Donnell. "Local Measurement of Loss Using Heated Thin Film Sensors." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-380.

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A calibration equation is derived linking the non-dimensional entropy generation rate per unit area with the non-dimensional aerodynamic wall shear stress and free stream pressure gradient. It is proposed that the latter quantities, which can be measured from surface gauges, be used to measure the profile entropy generation rate. It is shown that the equation is accurate for a wide range of well-defined laminar profiles. To measure the dimensional entropy generation rate per unit area requires measurement of the thickness of the boundary layer. A general profile equation is given and used to show the range of accuracy of a further simplification to the calibration. For flows with low free stream pressure gradients, the entropy generation rate is very simply related to the wall shear stress, if both are expressed without units. An array of heated thin film sensors is calibrated for the measurement of wall shear stress, thus demonstrating the feasibility of using them to measure profile entropy generation rate.

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Kaluri, Ram Satish, Tanmay Basak, and A. R. Balakrishnan. "Effects of Thermal Boundary Conditions on Entropy Generation During Natural Convection in a Differentially Heated Square Cavity." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23112.

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Natural convection is a widely occurring phenomena which has important applications in material processing, energy storage devices, electronic cooling, building ventilation etc. The concept of ‘entropy generation minimization’, which is a thermodynamic approach for optimization, may be very useful in designing efficient thermal systems. In the current study, entropy generation in steady laminar natural convection flow in a square cavity is studied with following isothermal boundary conditions: (1) Bottom wall is uniformly heated (2) Bottom wall is sinusoidally heated. The side walls are maintained cold and the top wall is maintained adiabatic. The thermal boundary condition in non-uniform heating case (case 2) is such that the dimensionless average temperature of the bottom wall is equal to that of uniform heating case (case 1). The prime objective of this work is to investigate the influence of uniform and non-uniform heating on entropy generation. The governing mass, momentum and energy equations are solved using Galerkin finite element method. Streamlines, isotherms, contour maps of entropy generation due to heat transfer and fluid friction are studied for Pr = 0.01 (molten metals) and 7 (water) in range of Ra = 103–105. Detailed analysis on the effect of uniform and non-uniform thermal boundary conditions on entropy generation due to heat transfer and fluid friction has been presented. Also, the average Bejan’s number which indicates the relative dominance of entropy generation due to heat transfer or fluid friction and the total entropy generation are studied for each case.

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Wang, Liantao, Ji Zhao, Xuelei Hu, and Jianfeng Lu. "Weakly supervised object localization via maximal entropy random walk." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025323.

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Mukohyama, Shinji. "Entanglement/brick-wall entropy’s correspondence." In GENERAL RELATIVITY AND RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS. ASCE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1301572.

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Sadeghi, Arman, Abolhassan Asgarshamsi, and Mohammad Hassan Saidi. "Second Law Analysis of Slip Flow Heat Transfer in Annulus Microchannel." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88383.

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In the present work, the second law of thermodynamics analysis has been carried out for steady state hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed laminar gas flow in annulus microchannels with asymmetrically heated walls. The rarefaction effects are taken into consideration using first order slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions. Viscous heating is also included for both the hot wall and the cold wall cases. Using the velocity distribution obtained in earlier works, the energy equation is solved to get analytically the temperature distribution and consequently to compute the entropy generation rate. The effects of rarefaction and the annulus geometrical aspect ratio on velocity distribution are discussed. The complicated interactive effects of rarefaction, viscous dissipation, the ratio of Brinkman number to dimensionless temperature difference, annulus geometrical aspect ratio and asymmetry on entropy generation rate and Bejan number are shown in graphical form and also discussed in details. The analytical results obtained are compared with those available in the literature and an excellent agreement is observed. It is realized that the effect of the wall heat fluxes ratio on entropy generation is negligible at great values of the ratio of Brinkman number to dimensionless temperature difference, while the effect of increasing values of the annulus geometrical aspect ratio is to severely increase entropy generation. The entropy generation decreases as Knudsen number increases, however the effect of increasing values of Brinkman number and the ratio of Brinkman number to dimensionless temperature difference is to increase entropy generation.

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Emami, Mostafa, Mohammad H. Rahimian, and Saeed Alem Varzane Esfehani. "Second Law Analysis of Fully Developed Convection in a Helical Coiled Tube Under Constant Wall Temperature Using a CFD-ANN Approach." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24402.

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The present paper analyses the second law of thermodynamics in a fully developed forced convection in the horizontal helical coiled tube under constant wall temperature. The influence of non-dimensional parameters such as Reynolds number (Re), coil-to-tube ratio (δ) and coil pitch (λ) are inspected on the entropy generation. According to the literature, the coil pitch has a minor effect on the entropy generation compared with Re and δ. Using a CFD tool is a common classical method to find the optimal Reynolds Number and coil-to-tube ratio (δ) based on the entropy generation minimization principal. This approach requires lots of time and resources while the innovative implementation of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) reduces the simulation time considerably. The data pool generated by the CFD tool is used to train the ANN. As less data is needed to train the ANN in comparison to classical CFD based method, the performance of ANN-CFD optimization approach enhances. As entropy generation minimization principal is applied during the optimization, Nusselt number and friction factor are required to evaluate the entropy generation; these parameters are obtained through a numerical simulation and then are used to train the ANN. The ANN can predict these parameters as a function of different Re numbers and coil-to-tube ratios during optimization. Several different architectures of ANNs were evaluated and parametric studies were performed to optimize network design for the best prediction of the variables. The results obtained from the ANN are compared with the available experimental data to show the network reasonable accuracy.

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Reports on the topic "Wald Entropy"

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Manulis-Sasson, Shulamit, Christine D. Smart, Isaac Barash, Laura Chalupowicz, Guido Sessa, and Thomas J. Burr. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-tomato interactions: expression and function of virulence factors, plant defense responses and pathogen movement. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594405.bard.

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Clavibactermichiganensissubsp. michiganensis(Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The goal of the project was to unravel the molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato. The genome of Cmm contains numerous genes encoding for extracellular serine proteases and cell wall degrading enzymes. The first objective was to elucidate the role of secreted serine proteases in Cmm virulence. Mutants of nine genes encoding serine proteases of 3 different families were tested for their ability to induce wilting, when tomato stems were puncture-inoculated, as compared to blisters formation on leaves, when plants were spray-inoculated. All the mutants showed reduction in wilting and blister formation as compared to the wild type. The chpCmutant displayed the highest reduction, implicating its major role in symptom development. Five mutants of cell wall degrading enzymes and additional genes (i.e. perforin and sortase) caused wilting but were impaired in their ability to form blisters on leaves. These results suggest that Cmm differentially expressed virulence genes according to the site of penetration. Furthermore, we isolated and characterized two Cmmtranscriptional activators, Vatr1 and Vatr2 that regulate the expression of virulence factors, membrane and secreted proteins. The second objective was to determine the effect of bacterial virulence genes on movement of Cmm in tomato plants and identify the routes by which the pathogen contaminates seeds. Using a GFP-labeledCmm we could demonstrate that Cmm extensively colonizes the lumen of xylem vessels and preferentially attaches to spiral secondary wall thickening of the protoxylem and formed biofilm-like structures composed of large bacterial aggregates. Our findings suggest that virulence factors located on the chp/tomAPAI or the plasmids are required for effective movement of the pathogen in tomato and for the formation of cellular aggregates. We constructed a transposon plasmid that can be stably integrated into Cmm chromosome and express GFP, in order to follow movement to the seeds. Field strains from New York that were stably transformed with this construct, could not only access seeds systemically through the xylem, but also externally through tomato fruit lesions, which harbored high intra-and intercellular populations. Active movement and expansion of bacteria into the fruit mesocarp and nearby xylem vessels followed, once the fruit began to ripen. These results highlight the ability of Cmm to invade tomato fruit and seed through multiple entry routes. The third objective was to assess correlation between disease severity and expression levels of Cmm virulence genes and tomato defense genes. The effect of plant age on expression of tomato defense related proteins during Cmm infection was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Five genes out of eleven showed high induction at early stages of infection of plants with 19/20 leaves compared to young plants bearing 7/8 leaves. Previous results showed that Cmm virulence genes were expressed at early stages of infection in young plants compared to older plants. Results of this study suggest that Cmm virulence genes may suppress expression of tomato defense-related genes in young plants allowing effective disease development. The possibility that chpCis involved in suppression of tomato defense genes is currently under investigation by measuring the transcript level of several PR proteins, detected previously in our proteomics study. The fourth objective was to define genome location and stability of virulence genes in Cmm strains. New York isolates were compared to Israeli, Serbian, and NCPPB382 strains. The plasmid profiles of New York isolates were diverse and differed from both Israeli and Serbian strains. PCR analysis indicated that the presence of putative pathogenicity genes varied between isolates and highlighted the ephemeral nature of pathogenicity genes in field populations of Cmm. Results of this project significantly contributed to the understanding of Cmm virulence, its movement within tomato xylem or externally into the seeds, the role of serine proteases in disease development and initiated research on global regulation of Cmm virulence. These results form a basis for developing new strategies to combat wilt and canker disease of tomato.

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Walk-through survey report: potential options for the control of border agents exposure to vehicle emissions at United States Port of Entry, Calexico, California. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshectb01003a.

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