Academic literature on the topic 'Wairakei'

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Journal articles on the topic "Wairakei"

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GRANT, MALCOLM A. "MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF WAIRAKEI GEOTHERMAL FIELD." ANZIAM Journal 50, no. 3 (January 2009): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181109000212.

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AbstractMathematical modelling of Wairakei geothermal field is reviewed, both lumped-parameter and distributed-parameter models. In both cases it is found that reliable predictions require five to ten years of history for calibration. With such calibration distributed-parameter models are now used for field management. A prudent model of Wairakei, constructed without such historical data, would underestimate field capacity and provide only general projections of the type of changes in surface activity and subsidence.
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Lichiti,, Keith A., and Lewis G. Bacon,. "Corrosion in Wairakei Steam Pipelines." Corrosion Reviews 17, no. 3-4 (August 1999): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev.1999.17.3-4.219.

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Herzer, Richard H. "Editorial." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 6, no. 2 (April 1988): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878800600201.

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Esteva, Luis. "Earthquake engineering research and practice in Mexico after the 1985 earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 20, no. 3 (September 30, 1987): 159–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.20.3.159-200.

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Glynn-Morris, Trystan, Tom King, and Ralph Winmill. "Drilling history and evolution at Wairakei." Geothermics 38, no. 1 (March 2009): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2008.11.001.

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Hunt, Trevor M., Chris J. Bromley, George F. Risk, Steve Sherburn, and Suprijadi Soengkono. "Geophysical investigations of the Wairakei Field." Geothermics 38, no. 1 (March 2009): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2008.11.002.

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Bibby, H. M., and A. W. Hurst. "Tilt monitoring at wairakei geothermal field." Geothermics 19, no. 4 (January 1990): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(90)90040-i.

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Self, Stephen, and James Healy. "Wairakei Formation, New Zealand: Stratigraphy and correlation." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 30, no. 1 (January 1987): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1987.10422194.

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Froggatt, Paul, Russell Howorth, Colin Vucetich, James Healy, C. J. N. Wilson, and Stephen Self. "Wairakei Formation, New Zealand: Stratigraphy and correlation." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 31, no. 3 (July 1988): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1988.10417786.

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Brown, Kevin L., and Lew G. Bacon. "Pilot plant experiments at Wairakei Power Station." Geothermics 38, no. 1 (March 2009): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2008.11.004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wairakei"

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Newson, Juliet. "Models of geothermal surface features at Wairakei." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5957.

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Analytical and numerical models of heat and mass transfer in geothermal soils are calibrated using soil temperature time series, porosity, and saturation data from four sites at the Karapiti Thermal Area, Wairakei. The Karapiti data were collected by Bromley and Hochstein (2001). They measured temperature at several sites over periods of four to seven days at the soil surface and at depths of 0.0 I, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 m. Thermal conductivity estimates for Karapiti soils as a function of saturation show that the dry and wet thermal conductivities for these soils is 0.1 W/mK, and 0.8 W/mK respectively. Fourier analysis of the soil temperature data shows that the diurnal term is dominant in all cases. The Fourier analysis gives, at each depth, the mean temperature and the amplitude and phase shift of the diurnal component of the temperature. The analytical models are used to derive estimates of thermal diffusivity which range from 2.8 x 10������ to 6.1 X 10������ m��/s for the pumice soils sampled. The mean temperature versus depth profiles are non-linear and indicate that mass flow and associated advective heat transfer is imp011ant in warm ground. Numerical modelling results show that mass flows and total heat flows are between 0.00065 and 0.00175 kg/s/m�� and 148 and 917 W/m��, respectively, for the Karapiti sites. The heat flows are comparable to calorimeter measurements from Karapiti (Hochstein el al. (2005��. The second pat1 of this study uses flow data from three geothermal features at the Alum Lakes, Wairakei, and Wairakei reservoir data, to calibrate a two-dimensional model of the Wairakei geothermal system. The model is based on an existing tlu'ee-dimensional computer model ofWairakei system, but uses a finer grid in the vicinity of the Alum Lakes. The results show that pressure decline in the Wairakei reservoir has resulted in a cessation of the geothermal up-flow to the overlying Alum Lakes, and the Alum Lakes feeder conduit now hosts a down-flow of groundwater.
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Cattell, Hamish. "Volcanic evolution of the Huka Group at Wairakei-Tauhara Geothermal Field, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10850.

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Basin-hosted stratigraphy in volcanic arc settings reflects the interplay between ancient environments, volcanism, magmatism and tectonism. Lithostratigraphic variations within basins can be used to identify the location and timing of the processes contributing to their evolution. However, when deposits are hydrothermally altered, the use of many traditional analytical techniques for assessing their volcanic origin become impracticable, making analysis challenging. Examination then relies on an integrated mix of detailed macroscopic assessment and techniques utilising remaining stable magmatic phases. The Huka Group at Wairakei-Tauhara Geothermal Field (Wairakei-Tauhara) is primarily comprised of volcanic deposits preserving ~300 kyr of evolution in the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand. Intensive geothermal well drilling in the field has identified the distribution and variation comprising its Waiora and Huka Falls Formations. The volcanic, structural and environmental history of the Huka Group, however, remains poorly understood. This thesis is concerned with identifying the stratigraphic and geothermal significance of the Huka Group from recent drill core samples at Wairakei-Tauhara. Drill core facies analysis confirm a spatially and temporally complex depositional history at the site. Deposits forming Waiora Formation were sourced from local explosive and effusive eruptions over ~100 kyrs within extensional basins hosting paleo-Lake Huka. Lacustrine and fluvial deposition prevailed for the following ~200 kyrs, as volcanism ceased, depositing the Huka Falls Formation. Frequent drilling of Huka Falls Formation has identified and thoroughly constrained facies variations of a local pyroclastic member, the Middle Huka Falls Formation. This eruption evolved as a series of water-supported, eruption-fed density currents from a sublacustrine vent in Tauhara transported beneath Lake Huka. Examined Huka Group core samples were hydrothermally altered and required the use of novel assessment techniques for comprehensive stratigraphic assessment. This alteration provided an opportunity to locally date the geothermal system within the Huka Group reservoir. Stratigraphic variations of resistant magmatic phenocrysts (feldspar) and immobile elements (Ti, Zr, V and Y) added new details of depositional processes and lithostratigraphy. Regional magmatic immobile element comparisons identified geochemical similarities within Huka Group ignimbrites that may have implications for the longevity and recurrence of caldera magma systems in TVZ. Geothermal activity in the Waiora Formation reservoir was dated using pristine hydrothermal adularia and 40Ar/39Ar dating methods. Results recognised a young phase of the system’s evolution (<30 ka) and the applicability of 40Ar/39Ar dating for use in geothermal chronology. Lastly, a conceptual evolutionary model for the Huka Group presents ~300 kyr of depositional processes, landscapes and structural events at Wairakei-Tauhara. The long-lived lacustrine setting is recognised to have been continually modified by episodic volcanism and gradual tectonism. Variations in Huka Group stratigraphy between the Wairakei and Tauhara Fields identify contemporaneous, but separate evolution of the underlying controlling horst (ridge) and graben (basin) structure. This study highlights the unique tectonic, magmatic, volcanic and sedimentary processes forming basins in the TVZ and improve our understanding on the geological evolution of geothermal systems. Techniques trialled in the study are demonstrated to be suitable for investigating altered volcanic materials and can be utilised elsewhere in the TVZ or other geothermal settings.
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Mitchell, Peter Ashley. "Geology, hydrothermal alteration and geochemistry of the Iamalele (D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua New Guinea) and Wairakei (North Island, New Zealand) geothermal areas." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5561.

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The geothermal system at Iamalele is hosted by a series of late Quaternary high-silica dacite to rhyolite ignimbrite, air-fall tuff and related volcaniclastic rocks. The ignimbrite flows are intercalated with calc-alkalic andesite and low-silica dacite lavas, some of which are high-Mg varieties. The Iamalele Volcanics may be related to caldera collapse and post-caldera volcanism. Geothermal activity occurs over 30 km2 of the Iamalele area. Chemical analyses of water from hot springs indicate that the near-surface reservoir is dominated by an acid-sulphate fluid, and that the deeper reservoir fluid probably has a significant seawater component. Analyses of rock and soil samples within the limits of geothermal activity identified several areas of above background values in Au, Hg, As and Sb. A diamond drill hole was completed to a depth of ~200m in one of these areas. Hydrothermal alteration identified in the drill core indicates that the upper 200 m of the geothermal reservoir is well-zoned and contains a trace element signature characteristic of high-level, epithermal precious metal deposits. With increasing depth mineral assemblages indicative of advanced argillic, intermediate argillic and potassic alteration were observed in the recovered core. The Wairakei geothermal system is hosted by a voluminous sequence of late Quaternary rhyolitic ignimbrite, air fall tuff and related volcaniclastic rocks intercalated with andesite to rhyolite lavas. The volcanic sequence was deposited during formation of the Maroa and Taupo caldera volcanoes, and geothermal activity is localized within a diffuse border zone between these two volcanic centres. The high-temperature reservoir at Wairakei is primarily restricted to porous pyroclastic rocks of the Waiora Formation. Geothermal activity is exposed over ~25 km2 of the Wairakei area. Chemical analyses of well discharge indicate that the fluid is a low salinity, low total sulphur, near-neutral pH chloride water with a local meteoric source. Temperature profiles for ~60% of the Wairakei wells were used to construct a c. 1950 view of the thermal zoning of the reservoir. When compared to the estimated preproduction isotherms, reconnaissance fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures indicated that the deeper portion of the reservoir had cooled by ~45ºC prior to production discharge. Hydrothermal rock alteration within the reservoir is systematically zoned and may be separated into four principal assemblages: propylitic, potassic, intermediate argillic and advanced argillic. Calcium zeolites, mainly wairakite, mordenite and laumontite, occur throughout the reservoir and, with the exception of laumontite, form an integral part of either the propylitic or potassic assemblage. Intermediate argillic alteration is widespread but is not strongly developed. The distribution of advanced argillic alteration is sporadic and restricted to depths less than 65 m. Below a depth of ~500 m potassic alteration commonly overprints propylitic alteration. The location of the "average" Wairakei fluid on several activity diagrams drawn for 100°, 200°, 250° and 300°C indicates that propylitic and potassic alteration probably formed in equilibrium with a hydrothermal fluid chemically equivalent to the modern reservoir fluid at temperatures between ~275° and ~210°C. Assays of drill samples indicate that trace amounts of gold (<0.04 g/t) and other metals permeate the reservoir. Samples of siliceous sinter collected from wellhead production equipment contain significant quantities of precious metals and also platinum group and base metals. Metal-rich scale from a back pressure plate (well 66) was analysed by optical microscopy and by electron microprobe analysis. The scale is composed of several discrete mineral phases which show a distinct paragenesis. Hydrothermal alteration and metallization identified within the reservoirs at Iamalele and Wairakei are similar to hydrothermal alteration and metallization identified within the epithermal precious metal deposits of Rawhide and Round Mountain (Nevada, U.S.A.). The major difference between these systems is the much greater abundance of gold and silver at Rawhide and Round Mountain. Conclusions drawn from these comparisons include: (1) within high-temperature active systems gold remains in solution or is dispersed at low grades; (2) boiling does not appear to be a viable means of producing a gold ore deposit within deep (>500 m) hydrothermal reservoirs and (3) the formation of a major precious metal ore deposit may require the superposition of a structural event on a waning geothermal system to initiate an extended period of fluid mixing. High-Mg lavas similar to ones identified at Iamalele occur elsewhere in the late Cenozoic arc-type volcanic associations of south-eastern Papua New Guinea. Detailed geochemical studies of these rocks have revealed the presence of relatively aphyric lavas which are high in MgO, Cr, and Ni and form an integral part of the arc-type association. The high concentrations of these elements relative to typical arc-related rocks are thought to reflect the chemical composition of the initial melt. High-Mg lavas occur in other volcanic arcs of Papua New Guinea as well as in several other circum-Pacific volcanic arcs, and it is likely that high-Mg lavas form a fundamental component of most, if not all, volcanic arcs.
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Books on the topic "Wairakei"

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Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering (1987 Wairakei, N.Z.). Proceedings: Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Wairakei, New Zealand, 5-8 August 1987. [Wellington]: New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 1987.

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Veterinary, Nursing Seminar (1998 Wairakei New Zealand). Proceedings from the annual Veterinary Nursing Seminar 1997, Wairakei, 29 June - 4 July, 1997. Palmerston North (New Zealand): Massey University, 1997.

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New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering. Technical Conference. Future directions: A vision for earthquake engineering in New Zealand; Wairakei, 23-25 March, 2001. Upper Hutt, New Zealand: NZNSEE, 2001.

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New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering. Technical Conference. Technical Conference and AGM: Wairakei Resort Hotel, Friday/Sunday 23-25 March, 2001 : conference technical papers. Upper Hutt, N.Z: NZSEE, 2001.

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Wairakei), Society of Sheep and Beef Cattle Veterinarians NZVA (27th 1997. Proceedings of 27th Seminar of the Society of Sheep and Beef Cattle Veterinarians NZVA, 29 June - 4th July, 1997, Wairakei Resort Hotel. Palmerston North (New Zealand): Massey University, 1997.

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New Zealand Veterinary Association. Society of Sheep and Beef Cattle Veterinarians. Seminar. Proceedings from the 27th Seminar of the Society of Sheep and Beef Cattle Veterinarians, NZVA: NZVA Conference Week 1997, 29 June-4th July 1997, Wairakei Resort Hotel. Palmerston North, N.Z: Veterinary Continuing Education, Massey University, 1997.

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Society of Sheep and Beef Cattle Veterinarians NZVA. (27th 1997 Wairakei). Focus on farm working dogs: [proceedings of farm working dog session of] 27th Seminar of the Society of Sheep and Beef Cattle Veterinarians NZVA, 29 June - 4th July, 1997, Wairakei Resort Hotel. Palmerston North (New Zealand): Massey University, 1997.

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Sakthaisong, Suriyan. Dǣng Bailē: Yuk wairun wairāi khanō̜ng krung pī 2498 thưng pī 2506. [Bangkok]: Čhatčhamnāi dōi Bō̜risat Ngān Dī, 1990.

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Hydraulic gates and mechanical equipment: Proceedings of the symposium, Wairakei, 1985. Wellington, N.Z: Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand, 1985.

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Watkin, Trevor. Wairaka Point: An African - New Zealand Journal. Product Research Pty, Limited, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wairakei"

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Grant, Malcolm A. "Reservoir Engineering of Wairakei Geothermal Field." In Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, 197–212. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3691-1_14.

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Bromley, Chris J. "Groundwater Changes in the Wairakei–Tauhara Geothermal System." In Renewable Energy, 289–307. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315793245-137.

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Pender, M. J., and B. Y. Lynne. "Compressibility of geothermal reservoir rocks from the Wairakei-Tauhara fields with insights gained from geotechnical laboratory testing and scanning electron microscope imaging." In Volcanic Rocks and Soils, 109–10. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18897-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wairakei"

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Harvey, Mark C., and Julie V. Rowland. "CO2 FLUX INVESTIGATION AT WAIRAKEI, A LOW-CO2 GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM IN THE TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE, NEW ZEALAND." In 113th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017cd-292857.

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Reports on the topic "Wairakei"

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McNabb, A., and G. Dickinson. Pressures in the Wairakei Geothermal Field (NZ) in its Natural State. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895962.

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Bruton, C. J. Testing EQ3/6 and GEMBOCHS using fluid-mineral equilibria in the wairakei geothermal system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/641095.

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