Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wages Victoria History

Academic literature on the topic 'Wages Victoria History'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wages Victoria History"

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Seltzer, Andrew J., and Jeff Borland. "The Impact of the 1896 Factory and Shops Act on the Labor Market of Victoria, Australia." Journal of Economic History 78, no. 3 (September 2018): 785–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050718000359.

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This article examines the effects of the Victorian Factory and Shops Act, the first minimum wage law in Australia. The Act differed from modern minimum wage laws in that it established Special Boards, which set trade-specific minimum wage schedules. We use trade-level data on average wages and employment by gender and age to examine the effects of minimum wages. Although the minimum wages were binding, we find that the effects on employment were modest, at best. We speculate that this was because the Special Boards, which were comprised of industry insiders, closely matched the labor market for their trades.
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Phimister, Ian, and Alfred Tembo. "A Zambian Town in Colonial Zimbabwe: The 1964 “Wangi Kolia” Strike." International Review of Social History 60, S1 (September 8, 2015): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859015000358.

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AbstractIn March 1964 the entire African labour force at Wankie Colliery, “Wangi Kolia”, in Southern Rhodesia went on strike. Situated about eighty miles south-east of the Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River, central Africa’s only large coalmine played a pivotal role in the region’s political economy. Described byDrum, the famous South African magazine, as a “bitter underpaid place”, the colliery’s black labour force was largely drawn from outside colonial Zimbabwe. While some workers came from Angola, Tanganyika (Tanzania), and Nyasaland (Malawi), the great majority were from Northern Rhodesia (Zambia). Less than one-quarter came from Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) itself. Although poor-quality food rations in lieu of wages played an important role in precipitating female-led industrial action, it also occurred against a backdrop of intense struggle against exploitation over an extended period of time. As significant was the fact that it happened within a context of regional instability and sweeping political changes, with the independence of Zambia already impending. This late colonial conjuncture sheds light on the region’s entangled dynamics of gender, race, and class.
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Miller, Judith A. "The Virtuous Marketplace: Women and Men, Money and Politics in Paris, 1830–1870. By Victoria E. Thompson. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Pp. viii, 229. $32.00." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 4 (December 2001): 1120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701005630.

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Victoria Thompson's study of the French market begins with the Richard Terdiman's premise that societies faced with rapid change engage in “semiotic activity” (Discourse/Counter Discourse: The Theory and Practice of Symbolic Resistance in Nineteenth-Century France. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985). In other words, the tensions surrounding political, economic, and social upheaval send individuals scurrying to categorize and explain the new world confronting them. Certainly, the boom-and-bust economy of nineteenth-century France generated such anxieties. Interestingly, many of those fears focused on female sexuality, a topic that might seem remote from the debates over living wages for working-class men or the appearance of new credit mechanisms. The problem that interests Thompson is twofold. First, how did French society cope with the potentially destructive power of early capitalism, a power that could dissolve familial bonds and up-end social hierarchies? Second, how did new gender norms work within the new market framework? The French answer to both problems was the creation of a “virtuous marketplace,” one in which honor and self-control shaped men's economic practices, and in which distinct gender roles kept women a respectable distance from the temptations of material gain.
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Haveric, Dzavid. "Muslim Memories in Victoria." Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 2, no. 3 (October 18, 2017): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v2i3.55.

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There is no history of Islam in Australia without a history of Muslim communities; there is no history of these Muslim communities without the memories of Australian Muslims. Within Australia’s religiously pluralistic mosaic there is no history of the Muslim faith without sharing universal values with other faiths. This paper is primarily based on empirical research undertaken in Victoria. It is a pioneering exploration of the building of multiethnic Muslim communities and interfaith relations from the 1950s to the 1980s. It is part of much broader research on the history of Islam in Australia. It is kaleidoscopic in its gathering of individual and family migrant memories from Muslims in all walks of life. It includes an older Muslim generation as well as those who came later, in subsequent waves. Muslim interviewees in the research were migrants of various ethnicities from Albania, Bosnia, Cyprus, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Pakistan, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Syria, Turkey, Tanzania and Kenya. Muslim men and women are represented, and also those born in Australia. This research was enhanced by consulting Islamic and Christian archival sources.
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Gardner, WK, RG Fawcett, GR Steed, JE Pratley, DM Whitfield, Hvan Rees, and Rees H. Van. "Crop production on duplex soils in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920915.

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The environment, duplex soil types and trends in crop production in South Australia, southern New South Wales, north-eastern and north-central Victoria, the southern Wimmera and the Victorian Western District are reviewed. In the latter 2 regions, pastoral industries dominate and crop production is curtailed by regular and severe soil waterlogging, except for limited areas of lower rainfall. Subsurface drainage can eliminate waterlogging, but is feasible only for the Western District where subsoils are sufficiently stable. The other regions all have a long history of soil degradation due to cropping practices, but these effects can now be minimised with the use of direct drilling and stubble retention cropping methods. A vigorous pasture ley phase is still considered necessary to maintain nitrogen levels and to restore soil structure to adequate levels for sustainable farming. Future productivity improvements will require increased root growth in the subsoils. Deep ripping, 'slotting' of gypsum, and crop species capable of opening up subsoils are techniques which may hold promise in this regard. The inclusion of lucerne, a perennial species, in annual pastures and intercropping at intervals is a technique being pioneered in north-central and western Victoria and may provide the best opportunity to crop duplex soils successfully without associated land degradation.
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Assanto, Gaetano, and Noel F. Smyth. "Nonlinear guided waves: Preface." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 25, no. 04 (December 2016): 1650041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863516500417.

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This special issue presents a collection of experimental and theoretical research in nonlinear waves, with emphasis on nonlinear optics, which were presented at the conference Nonlinear Guided Waves VIII held at the Hotel Victoria, Oaxaca, Mexico in April 2016. This preface provides a short history of the conference series Nonlinear Guided Waves and short introductions to the contributed papers which puts them in context.
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McCarthy, Helen. "Flexible Workers: The Politics of Homework in Postindustrial Britain." Journal of British Studies 61, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2021.126.

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AbstractThis article opens up a new perspective on market liberalism's triumph in the late twentieth century through an examination of the political battles that were fought in Britain over the regulation of homework. Ubiquitous in the late Victorian era, this form of waged labor was curtailed by Edwardian wage regulations but resurged in the 1970s as a result of competition from low-wage economies abroad and fast-changing consumer tastes. Alongside growing use of homeworkers in consumer industries, new information technologies made it increasingly possible for some forms of professional work to move into the home. This article explores the debates that swirled around these different forms of homework, pitting antipoverty campaigners, feminists, and activists against ministers, employers, and civil servants. It shows how Conservative and New Labour governments failed to recognize the structural similarities between Victorian-style “sweated” labor and the emerging world of telework, freelancing, and self-employment, and how the intellectual excitement generated by Britain's transition toward a postindustrial future dovetailed with the New Right commitment to deregulation and the creation of “flexible” labor markets. A brief comparison with homework in the United States underlines the value of local, particular histories to our larger understanding of ideological change in modern societies.
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Dupree, M. W. "The Demography of Victorian England and Wales." English Historical Review 117, no. 471 (April 1, 2002): 414–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/117.471.414.

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Woods, Robert, and Nicola Shelton. "Disease Environments in Victorian England and Wales." Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 33, no. 2 (January 2000): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01615440009598951.

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Metcalf, Bill. "Lady Parachutists and the End of Civilisation in Queensland." Queensland Review 13, no. 1 (January 2006): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600004268.

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Brisbane was wiped off the face of the Earth and Queensland ceased to exist as a political entity under the combined military forces of Victoria and New South Wales during violent conflict at the end of the twentieth century. Brisbane was annihilated because of the un-Christian sins of its people, and the moral corruption of its leaders. The Queensland Defence Force was incapable of defending even itself, let alone defeating the invading troops. The pivotal event in this collapse concerned the alluring performances by a group of ‘lady parachutists’ who entertained the Queensland military forces, thereby distracting them and allowing the opposing forces to easily defeat them at the Battle of Fort Lytton.That, at least, is the key to the plot of Dr Thomas Pennington Lucas's 1894 dystopian novel The Ruins of Brisbane in the Year 2000. The origin of this ‘lady parachutists’ myth, and the connections between this myth and the end of Queensland civilisation, led me to research a fascinating episode in Queensland's cultural history, and in particular Victorian notions of sexual propriety, ‘true manhood’ and the combined — albeit veiled — threats posed by unfettered female sexuality and male masturbation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wages Victoria History"

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Orrin, Geoffrey. "Church building and restoration in Victorian Glamorgan, 1837-1901." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683172.

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Elliott, Jane E. "The colonies clothed : a survey of consumer interests in New South Wales and Victoria, 1787-1887 /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe462.pdf.

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Wesson, Sue C. 1955. "The Aborigines of eastern Victoria and far south-eastern New South Wales, 1830-1910 : an historical geography." Monash University, School of Geography and Environmental Science, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8708.

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Vick, Malcolm John. "Schools, school communities and the state in mid-nineteenth century New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv636.pdf.

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Nicholls, Philip Herschel. "A review of issues relating to the disposal of urban waste in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide : an environmental history." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn6153.pdf.

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Bibliography: p. 367-392. This thesis takes an overview of urban waste disposal practices in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide since the time of their respective settlement by Europeans through to the year 2000. The narrative identifies how such factors as the growth of representative government, the emergence of a bureaucracy, the visitation of bubonic plague, changed perceptions of risk, and the rise of the environmental movement, have directly influenced urban waste disposal outcomes.
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Norrie, Philip Anthony. "An Analysis of the Causes of Death in Darlinghurst Gaol 1867-1914 and the Fate of the Homeless in Nineteenth Century Sydney." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1862.

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Master of Arts (Research)
This thesis examines a ledger which listed all the causes of death in Darlinghurst Gaol, Sydney’s main gaol, from 1867 to 1914 when the gaol was closed and all the prisoners were transferred to the new Long Bay Gaol at Maroubra. The ledger lists the name of the deceased prisoner, the date of their death, the age of the prisoner at the time of their death and the cause of death along with any special comments relevant to the death where necessary. This ledger was analysed in depth and the death rates and diseases causing the deaths were compared to the general population in New South Wales and Australia as well as to another similar institution namely Auburn Prison, the oldest existing prison in New York State and the general population of the United States of America (where possible). Auburn Prison was chosen because it was the only other prison in the English speaking world (British Empire and United States of America) that had a similar complete list of deaths of prisoners in the same time frame – in this case beginning in 1888. The comparison showed that the highest death rates were in the general population of the United States of America (statistics on New York State alone could not be found) followed by Auburn Prison followed by the general population of Australia then the general population of New South Wales (the latter two were very similar) and the lowest death rates were in Darlinghurst Gaol. The analysis showed that individuals were less likely to die in the main prison, compared to the relevant general population in New South Wales and New York State despite the fact that 8 – 9% of these prison deaths were due to executions, a cause of death not encountered in the general population. This thesis explores the reasons why mortality rates were lower in prison despite the popular perception was that Victorian era gaols were places of harshness, cruelty and death (think of the writings of Charles Dickens, the great moralist writer who was the conscience of the era) compared to the general free population.
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Ritchie, Samuel Gordon Gardiner. "'[T]he sound of the bell amidst the wilds' : evangelical perceptions of northern Aotearoa/New Zealand Māori and the aboriginal peoples of Port Phillip, Australia, c.1820s-1840s : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/928.

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Oakshott, Stephen Craig School of Information Library &amp Archives Studies UNSW. "The Association of Libarians in colleges of advanced education and the committee of Australian university librarians: The evolution of two higher education library groups, 1958-1997." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Information, Library and Archives Studies, 1998. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18238.

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This thesis examines the history of Commonwealth Government higher education policy in Australia between 1958 and 1997 and its impact on the development of two groups of academic librarians: the Association of Librarians in Colleges in Advanced Education (ALCAE) and the Committee of Australian University Librarians (CAUL). Although university librarians had met occasionally since the late 1920s, it was only in 1965 that a more formal organisation, known as CAUL, was established to facilitate the exchange of ideas and information. ALCAE was set up in 1969 and played an important role helping develop a special concept of library service peculiar to the newly formed College of Advanced Education (CAE) sector. As well as examining the impact of Commonwealth Government higher education policy on ALCAE and CAUL, the thesis also explores the influence of other factors on these two groups, including the range of personalities that comprised them, and their relationship with their parent institutions and with other professional groups and organisations. The study focuses on how higher education policy and these other external and internal factors shaped the functions, aspirations, and internal dynamics of these two groups and how this resulted in each group evolving differently. The author argues that, because of the greater attention given to the special educational role of libraries in the CAE curriculum, the group of college librarians had the opportunity to participate in, and have some influence on, Commonwealth Government statutory bodies responsible for the coordination of policy and the distribution of funding for the CAE sector. The link between ALCAE and formal policy-making processes resulted in a more dynamic group than CAUL, with the university librarians being discouraged by their Vice-Chancellors from having contact with university funding bodies because of the desire of the universities to maintain a greater level of control over their affairs and resist interference from government. The circumstances of each group underwent a reversal over time as ALCAE's effectiveness began to diminish as a result of changes to the CAE sector and as member interest was transferred to other groups and organisations. Conversely, CAUL gradually became a more active group during the 1980s and early 1990s as a result of changes to higher education, the efforts of some university librarians, and changes in membership. This study is based principally on primary source material, with the story of ALCAE and CAUL being told through the use of a combination of original documentation (including minutes of meetings and correspondence) and interviews with members of each group and other key figures.
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Elliott, Jane E. "The colonies clothed : a survey of consumer interests in New South Wales and Victoria, 1787-1887 / J. Elliott." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18785.

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Vick, Malcolm John. "Schools, school communities and the state in mid-nineteenth century New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria / Malcolm John Vick." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19413.

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Books on the topic "Wages Victoria History"

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Grigg, Russell. Golwg ar Gymru yn oes Victoria =: Wales in the Victorian age. Caerdydd: Uned Iaith Genedlaethol Cymru CBAC, 2000.

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Jones, Ieuan Gwynedd. Communities: Essays in the social history of Victorian Wales. Llandysul, Dyfed: Gomer Press, 1987.

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Mid-Victorian Wales: The observers and the observed. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1992.

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The demography of Victorian England and Wales. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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Thomas, W. S. K. Georgian and Victorian Brecon: Portrait of a Welsh county town. Llandysul: Gomer, 1993.

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Webster, J. R. Old College, Aberystwyth: The evolution of a high Victorian building. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1995.

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London, Museum of, ed. In royal fashion: The clothes of Princess Charlotte of Wales & Queen Victoria, 1796-1901. London: Museum of London, 1997.

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Patt, Judith. World tea party, Victoria: An exhibit of tea wares and tea-related art. Victoria, B.C: Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, 2004.

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Secord, James A. Controversy in Victorian geology: The Cambria-Silurian dispute. Oxford: Princeton University Press, 1990.

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Wesson, Sue C. An historical atlas of the Aborigines of Eastern Victoria and far South-Eastern New South Wales. Melbourne, Vic: School of Geography and Environmental Science, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wages Victoria History"

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"Decline and Collapse." In The Oxford History of the Third Reich, edited by Robert Gellately, 282–318. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192886835.003.0011.

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Abstract The Third Reich rode a wave of ‘lightning’ military victories in 1939 and 1940 that made the regime look stronger than ever. Despite continuing victories into 1941 against the Soviet Union, those in charge of armaments and munitions told Hitler to his face, in late November, that the war could ‘no longer be won militarily’. Thereafter, the dictator became determined to find a victory that would give him the necessary political leverage to seek peace. Yet he grew more ambitious and determined to find space up to the Ural Mountains for the ‘colonial land’ of his dreams. Victory escaped Hitler’s grasp in the vicious war that ensued, particularly in the east. The fighting provided the context for massive human rights abuses and the Holocaust. Although the Wehrmacht reached the distant Caucasus Mountains in mid-1942, already by early the next year the tide had turned with the defeat at Stalingrad. Despite some grumblings, the German people, mobilized into a fighting ‘community of the people’ on the Home Front remained remarkably faithful to the cause. Nor did the armed forces turn on their leaders, apart from the small number of plotters in July 1944. The end came, not so much by Germany’s ‘self-destruction’, as through the determination and concerted efforts of the world’s remaining great powers, who together resolutely waged war, at enormous cost in blood and treasure, to terminate the Third Reich and to discredit the ideas of which it was a product.
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L. Brown, Roger. "The Age of Saints to the Victorian Church." In A New History of the Church in Wales, 9–26. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108583930.004.

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Pryce, Huw. "‘Living in the Past’ and the Challenges of Modernity, 1848–80." In Writing Welsh History, 265–98. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746034.003.0012.

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This chapter analyses the responses of writers in the mid-Victorian period to the challenge of interpreting the Welsh past in a manner fit for a modern Welsh people. It begins by contextualizing these responses with reference especially to continuing demographic growth and industrialization in Wales and to efforts, notably by Henry Richard, to make Nonconformity a political force by claiming that it represented the Welsh people against an alien Anglican elite. There follows, second, a discussion of differing views on where to draw a line between legend and history in interpreting the ancient and medieval Welsh past. After considering the defence of legendary interpretations by the Revd John Williams (Ab Ithel) and others, the discussion focuses on works that sought, in varying degrees, to adopt a critical approach, including the histories of Wales published in English by B. B. Woodward (1853) and Jane Williams (1869) as well as, above all, The Literature of the Kymry (1848) and other writings of the Merthyr pharmacist Thomas Stephens and the substantial Welsh-language history of Wales edited, and mostly written, by R. J. Pryse (Gweirydd ap Rhys) (1872–4). Third, attention turns to another kind of historiographical response to modernity, namely the greater emphasis on post-medieval history in histories of Nonconformity, Welsh-language histories of Great Britain, and histories of the Welsh in the United States.
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Perillán, José G. "Myth-Historical CRISPR Edits." In Science Between Myth and History, 107–57. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864967.003.0004.

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History is not always written by the victors. Competing histories often become ssbattlegrounds for those who want to declare themselves victors. Emerging from the frontiers of molecular biology, today’s caustic patent dispute over gene-editing technology is being waged partly through published myth-histories. The revolutionary gene-editing technology CRISPR-Cas9 has quickly become a vehicle for patent and priority controversies to determine who cashes in on billions of dollars in licensing fees, a Nobel Prize, and scientific immortality. This chapter examines competing myth-histories in the context of larger socioeconomic forces, as well as the lack of an international regime of ethical guidelines for this work. Careful study is necessary to grasp the background and impact of these narratives.
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Eklund, Erik. "Creating a Global Industry?" In Global History of Gold Rushes, 184–206. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294547.003.0008.

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This chapter, by Erik Eklund, focuses on the gold-mining industry from the middle of the nineteenth century through to the 1930s, with a focus on the role of company formation, working conditions, and state intervention. Utilizing case studies from Canada, South Africa, Ghana, Fiji, and the Australian colony of Victoria, it explores the rise of “industrial mining” over this period. Industrial mining involved larger, more heavily capitalized enterprises, in which workers became wage laborers and owners became shareholders. Industrial mining gendered and racialized the workforce in different ways according to local circumstances, which are explored in each case study. State intervention either underpinned the rise of industrial mining or worked to create uneasy accommodations between industrial work and older traditional patterns of subsistence.
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Austin, Peter K. "Going, Going, Gone? The Ideologies and Politics of Gamilaraay-Yuwaalaraay Endangerment and Revitalization." In Endangered Languages. British Academy, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265765.003.0006.

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The history of indigenous Aboriginal languages in eastern Australia for the 200 years following first European settlement in 1788 has been one of loss and extinction. By 1988 it appears that none of the approximately 70 languages originally spoken in what is now New South Wales and Victoria had fully fluent speakers who had acquired them as a first language as children. However, the last 25 years have seen the development of language revitalization projects in a number of communities across this region that have achieved remarkable outcomes, and have introduced Aboriginal languages into schools and other domains. This chapter is an exploration of the social, cultural, political, and attitudinal factors that relate to these developments, drawing on a case study of Gamilaraay-Yuwaalaraay from north-west New South Wales. The importance of local, regional, and national politics is also explored.
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Goldman, Lawrence. "Social Statistics in the 1880s." In Victorians and Numbers, 296–310. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847744.003.0015.

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The penultimate chapter demonstrates a key theme in the history of Victorian statistics: the central and continuing role played by arguments over living standards and the extent of poverty. It concerns the Industrial Remuneration Conference, held in London in January 1885. This brought together leading representatives from politics, intellectual life, business, and working-class organizations, to discuss the maldistribution of wealth and the proceeds of industry in Britain. It also considered the reforms required to give working people higher incomes and better life-chances. The statistics of daily life and working-class consumption dominated discussion. The recent Presidential Address to the Statistical Society of London by the civil servant Robert Giffen on ‘The Progress of the Working Class’ was roundly condemned for its roseate and optimistic views of material progress over the past half-century in Britain. Many delegates contested Giffen’s statistics on wage rates and prices. The Conference reached no consensus and conclusions. It was a further example of the so-called ‘re-discovery of poverty’ in the 1880s, however, and an important context for the origins of Charles Booth’s great inquiry into the Life and Labour of the People of London, one of the most important of all British social investigations, which began in the following year.
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Andreas, Joel. "Lessons and Prospects." In Disenfranchised, 220–36. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052607.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 looks back over China’s history since 1949 and considers prospects for the future. Chinese workers are beginning to reorganize, this time largely outside the confines of party-controlled institutions, and their strikes and protests have won important victories. Until they are able to regain some form of workplace citizenship rights, however, their gains will be limited and precarious. The chapter closes with an overview of parallel developments around the globe. It first examines three waves of labor unrest during the twentieth century that gave rise to the participatory institutions that characterized the era of industrial citizenship, before describing the subsequent demise of these institutions.
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Mathew, John, and Pushkar Sohoni. "Teaching and Research in Colonial Bombay." In History of Universities: Volume XXXIV/1, 259–81. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844774.003.0013.

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Bombay did not play the kind of administrative nodal role that first Madras and later Calcutta did in terms of overarching governance in the Indian subcontinent, occupying instead a pivotal position for the region’s commerce and industry. Nonetheless, the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Bombay were a formative age for education and research in science, as in the other Presidencies. A colonial government, a large native population enrolled in the new European-style educational system, and the rise of several institutions of instruction and learning, fostered an environment of scientific curiosity. The Asiatic Society of Bombay (1804), which was initially the hub of research in all disciplines, became increasingly antiquarian and ethnographic through the course of the nineteenth century. The Victoria and Albert Museum (conceived in 1862 and built by 1871 and opened to the public in 1872), was established to carry out research on the industrial arts of the region, taking for its original collections fine and decorative arts that highlight practices and crafts of various communities in the Bombay Presidency. The University of Bombay (1857) was primarily tasked with teaching, and it was left to other establishments to conduct research. Key institutions in this regard included the Bombay Natural History Society (1883) given to local studies of plants and animals, and the Haffkine Institute (1899), which examined the role of plague that had been a dominant feature of the social cityscape from 1896. The Royal Institute of Science (1920) marked a point of departure, as it was conceived as a teaching institution but its lavish funding demanded a research agenda, especially at the post-graduate level. The Prince of Wales Museum (1922) would prove to be seminal in matters of collection and display of objects for the purpose of research. All of these institutions would shape the intellectual debates in the city concerning higher education. Typically founded by European colonial officials, they would increasingly be administered and staffed by Indians.
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Goldman, Lawrence. "Britain in the 1880s." In Reform and Its Complexities in Modern Britain, 140–59. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863423.003.0007.

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This chapter explores a key theme in the history of Victorian social investigation and social contestation: the centrality of arguments over living standards and the extent of poverty. It concerns the Industrial Remuneration Conference, held in London in January 1885. This brought together leading representatives from politics, intellectual life, business, trade unions and other working-class organizations, to discuss the maldistribution of wealth and the proceeds of industry in Britain. It also considered the reforms required to give working people higher incomes and better life-chances. The statistics of daily life and working-class consumption dominated discussion. The recent Presidential Address to the Statistical Society of London by the civil servant Robert Giffen on ‘The Progress of the Working Class’, delivered in 1883, was roundly condemned for its roseate and optimistic views of material progress over the past half-century in Britain. Many delegates contested Giffen’s statistics on wage rates and prices. The Conference reached no consensus and conclusions. It is a further example, however, of the so-called ‘re-discovery of poverty’ in the 1880s and an important context for the origins of Charles Booth’s great inquiry into the Life and Labour of the People of London, one of the most significant of all British social investigations, which began in the following year.
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Conference papers on the topic "Wages Victoria History"

1

Marfella, Giorgio. "Seeds of Concrete Progress: Grain Elevators and Technology Transfer between America and Australia." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4000pi5hk.

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Modern concrete silos and grain elevators are a persistent source of interest and fascination for architects, industrial archaeologists, painters, photographers, and artists. The legacy of the Australian examples of the early 1900s is appreciated primarily by a popular culture that allocates value to these structures on aesthetic grounds. Several aspects of construction history associated with this early modern form of civil engineering have been less explored. In the 1920s and 1930s, concrete grain elevator stations blossomed along the railway networks of the Australian Wheat Belts, marking with their vertical presence the landscapes of many rural towns in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia. The Australian reception of this industrial building type of American origin reflects the modern nation-building aspirations of State Governments of the early 1900s. The development of fast-tracked, self-climbing methods for constructing concrete silos, a technology also imported from America, illustrates the critical role of concrete in that effort of nation-building. The rural and urban proliferation of concrete silos in Australia also helped establish a confident local concrete industry that began thriving with automatic systems of movable formwork, mastering and ultimately transferring these construction methods to multi-storey buildings after WWII. Although there is an evident link between grain elevators and the historiographical propaganda of heroic modernism, that nexus should not induce to interpret old concrete silos as a vestige of modern aesthetics. As catalysts of technical and economic development in Australia, Australian wheat silos also bear important significance due to the international technology transfer and local repercussions of their fast-tracked concrete construction methods.
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