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Academic literature on the topic 'Wages Thailand'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wages Thailand"

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Wittawat Pherng, Piyaluk Buddhawongsa, Supanika Leurcharusmee, and Paravee Maneejuk. "MINIMUM WAGES AND WAGE DISTRIBUTION IN THAILAND." Journal of Technology and Operations Management 17, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jtom2022.17.2.4.

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Minimum wage policies were designed to raise the wages of low-skilled workers. In this study, we use data from the Thai Labor Force Survey (2011-2020) to examine the impact of the minimum wage policy on the wage distribution using a quantile regression model corrected for sample selection with a copula. We find that the minimum wage has the strongest effect on the lowest quantile and the effect decreases toward the higher quantiles. This confirms the effectiveness of the minimum wage policy in raising the wages of low-income individuals. In addition, there is also a spill-over effect on individuals in higher wage quantiles. The effect of the minimum wage estimated by our model is smaller compared to the standard quantile regression. This suggests that without correcting for sampling bias, the estimated effect of the minimum wage leads to an upward bias.
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Li, Hongbin, Lei Li, Binzhen Wu, and Yanyan Xiong. "The End of Cheap Chinese Labor." Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.4.57.

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In recent decades, cheap labor has played a central role in the Chinese model, which has relied on expanded participation in world trade as a main driver of growth. At the beginning of China's economic reforms in 1978, the annual wage of a Chinese urban worker was only $1,004 in U.S. dollars. The Chinese wage was only 3 percent of the average U.S. wage at that time, and it was also significantly lower than the wages in neighboring Asian countries such as the Philippines and Thailand. The Chinese wage was also low relative to productivity. However, wages are now rising in China. In 2010, the annual wage of a Chinese urban worker reached $5,487 in U.S. dollars, which is similar to wages earned by workers in the Philippines and Thailand and significantly higher than those earned by workers in India and Indonesia. China's wages also increased faster than productivity since the late 1990s, suggesting that Chinese labor is becoming more expensive in this sense as well. The increase in China's wages is not confined to any sector, as wages have increased for both skilled and unskilled workers, for both coastal and inland areas, and for both exporting and nonexporting firms. We benchmark wage growth to productivity growth using both national- and industry-level data, showing that Chinese labor was kept cheap until the late 1990s but the relative cost of labor has increased since then. Finally, we discuss the main forces that are pushing wages up.
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Prasertsoong, Nutchapon, and Nattapong Puttanapong. "Regional Wage Differences and Agglomeration Externalities: Micro Evidence from Thai Manufacturing Workers." Economies 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10120319.

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The large and persistent wage gap between the Bangkok Metropolitan Region and its peripheries remains a major concern for policymakers and civil society. Theoretically, these regional disparities exist due to differences in workforce skills and the local characteristics of the regions. This study empirically investigates the sources of spatial wage disparity in Thailand using data sets from the Labor Force Survey, the Industrial Census, geospatial data, and satellite imagery for the years 2007, 2012, and 2017. The two-stage estimation method was applied, and the soil clay content was used as the instrumental variable for correcting endogeneity and variable bias omission. The results show that workers’ education and experience affect the wage differential. Other than individual skills, workers also benefited from the agglomeration externalities of large cities. Specifically, the effect of agglomeration externalities on wages in Thailand was found to be statistically significant. To overcome the paradox of a low urbanization rate and high urban primacy in Thailand, this study suggests the establishment of multiple regional cities that create high agglomeration externalities.
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Hutchinson, Francis Edward. "Multinational Corporations in Indonesia and Thailand: Wages, Productivity, and Exports." Asean Economic Bulletin 25, no. 3 (December 2008): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae25-3j.

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Putri, Aning Kesuma, and Ratu Eva Febriani. "ANALISA (MIS) MATCH TENAGA KERJA DI ASIA TENGGARA." Convergence: The Journal of Economic Development 2, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/convergence-jep.v2i2.13936.

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The mismatch between jobs and skills indicates the match model in the job market is not going well, which is referred to as (e.g.) labor match, which leads to overeducation and undereducation in the job market. This research was conducted to find the influence of growth, overeducation and undereducation on wages in Southeast Asia. The data used is secondary data sourced from https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/ data in 2010-2019, especially in 8 Southeast Asian countries consisting of Brunai Darusalam, Philippines, Laos, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, Timor Leste and Vietnam. The results found that the workers with the highest undereducated levels were in Timor Laste, then Laos and Cambodia. Worker conditions in developing countries such as Southeast Asia have more undereducation conditions than overeducation. Economic growth, overeducation and undereducatio affect workers' wages. Keywords: overeducation, undereducation, mismatch, labor
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Campbell, Stephen. "State illegibility in the containment of labour unrest on the Thai-Myanmar border." Critique of Anthropology 37, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x17719989.

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In the literature on governmentality, rights have been posited as technologies of rule, encouraging individual self-government, as well as active participation in the institutions of the liberal state. In the context of globalised industrial production, however, a realisation of justiciable rights may, by raising wages and other labour costs, challenge the ability of states to attract capital investment. In the present article, I take as a point of departure this apparent contradiction – between the liberal promise of rights through governmental incorporation and the reality that a realisation of such rights threatens profitability, and potentially viability, in domestic capitalist production. Empirically, my research is grounded in an ethnographic study of the garment sector at the Mae Sot industrial zone in north-west Thailand. Over the past decade-plus this site has seen an expansion of governmental interventions targeting the local Myanmar migrant population. Yet the vast majority of these migrants continue to earn wages far below the legal minimum, and face other egregious violations of labour rights. This gap, between the promise and the realisation of rights, leads to the state's illegibility. This illegibility is, I argue, of significance for theorising state regulatory regimes and the containment of labour unrest at sites of low-waged industrial production embedded in contemporary global supply chains.
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Ilhamdi, Ilhamdi, Rina Oktaviani, and Yeti Lis Purnamadewi. "PENGARUH FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DAN AFTA TERHADAP KESEMPATAN KERJA SEKTORAL DI ASEAN 5." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 4, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.4.2.2015.140-152.

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This study aims to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) ‎and ‎ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) on sectoral employment in ASEAN ‎‎5. The analysis ‎focused on five main sectors, namely agriculture, mining, ‎manufacturing, ‎construction and service sectors. This paper uses panel data ‎approach with Fixed Effect Model. Variable used include employment as an ‎edogenous variable, while GDP, wages and AFTA as exogenous variables. Cross section data that are used in this study consist of ASEAN 5 countries, ‎namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam with periods of ‎observation as much as 9 years, from 2006 until 2014.‎The result of this paper that FDI, GDP, wages and AFTA have different ‎impacts in each sector. FDI has positive impact on employment in service sector. ‎GDP has positive impact on employment in manufacturing, construction and ‎service sectors. While GDP in the agricultural and mining sectors has negative ‎impact on employment. The wage has a positive impact on employment in the ‎mining and agricultural sectors. ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) that took ‎place in 2010 has a positive impact on employment in the manufacturing and ‎mining sectors.‎Foreign Direct Investment is one factor to overcome employment issues in ‎ASEAN 5, especially in service sector. While GDP becomes an important variable ‎in enhancing ASEAN 5 employment in the manufacturing, construction and ‎services. Increasing wages can be applied on agriculture and mining as it has a ‎positive impact on employment. AFTA that has taken place is proper policy for the ‎ASEAN 5 to encourage economic growth in the mining and manufacturing ‎sectors that have an impact on increasing demand of labor in the sector.‎
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Ilhamdi, Ilhamdi, Rina Oktaviani, and Yeti Lis Purnamadewi. "PENGARUH FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DAN AFTA TERHADAP KESEMPATAN KERJA SEKTORAL DI ASEAN 5." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 4, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.4.2.140-152.

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This study aims to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) ‎and ‎ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) on sectoral employment in ASEAN ‎‎5. The analysis ‎focused on five main sectors, namely agriculture, mining, ‎manufacturing, ‎construction and service sectors. This paper uses panel data ‎approach with Fixed Effect Model. Variable used include employment as an ‎edogenous variable, while GDP, wages and AFTA as exogenous variables. Cross section data that are used in this study consist of ASEAN 5 countries, ‎namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam with periods of ‎observation as much as 9 years, from 2006 until 2014.‎The result of this paper that FDI, GDP, wages and AFTA have different ‎impacts in each sector. FDI has positive impact on employment in service sector. ‎GDP has positive impact on employment in manufacturing, construction and ‎service sectors. While GDP in the agricultural and mining sectors has negative ‎impact on employment. The wage has a positive impact on employment in the ‎mining and agricultural sectors. ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) that took ‎place in 2010 has a positive impact on employment in the manufacturing and ‎mining sectors.‎Foreign Direct Investment is one factor to overcome employment issues in ‎ASEAN 5, especially in service sector. While GDP becomes an important variable ‎in enhancing ASEAN 5 employment in the manufacturing, construction and ‎services. Increasing wages can be applied on agriculture and mining as it has a ‎positive impact on employment. AFTA that has taken place is proper policy for the ‎ASEAN 5 to encourage economic growth in the mining and manufacturing ‎sectors that have an impact on increasing demand of labor in the sector.‎
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Nidhiprabha, Bhanupong. "Lessons from Thailand's Fiscal Policy." Asian Economic Papers 14, no. 3 (October 2015): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00384.

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If rules of fiscal sustainability are observed, available fiscal space permits effective countercyclical fiscal programs. The importance of automatic fiscal stabilizers should not be underestimated. The discretionary impact of increased public spending and tax cuts can be amplified if implemented when consumer confidence investor sentiments are high. There is no evidence to support non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy in Thailand. Unwarranted fears of unsustainable public debt and ultra-conservative fiscal policy has cost the country a lost opportunity for achieving high growth. After the military coups in 2006 and 2014, the Thai economy experienced the lowest economic growth among ASEAN countries. The budget spent on economic services was diverted into defense, increases in public sector's wages, and income transfer payments. The opportunistic political budget model predicts higher fiscal spending by incumbent democratic governments before an election to gain votes. In the case of Thailand, such spending comes after military coups, akin to a military business cycle spending.
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Nayagam, James. "Migrant Labor Absorption in Malaysia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100303.

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Malaysia's labor shortages can be attributed to rapid industrialization; higher educational attainment leading to external and internal migration and labor shortages; and poor wages and working conditions in plantations, the construction industry and the service sector. Such shortages have been met largely through the use of illegal migrant workers from Indonesia, south Thailand and the southern Philippines. Implementation of the government's plan for economic restructuring, 1971–1990, was assisted by such workers; however, the government has also recognized the socioeconomic problems engendered by illegal migration. Policies to facilitate temporary labor migration in key sectors are being developed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wages Thailand"

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Voravarangkurl, Napa. "Wages and Education in Thailand: On th ereturns to Education and demand and supply Issues." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494341.

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Jones, Sara A. "Framing the Violence in Southern Thailand: Three Waves of Malay-Muslim Separatism." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179351296.

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Nilsson, Erik. "Waves of change : traditional religion among the Urak Lawoi, sea nomads of Ko Lanta, Thailand." Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för kultur- och religionsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6359.

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This essay is the result of a field study in Ko Lanta in Thailand, during October-December 2009. The purpose of the study was to document the traditional religion of Urak Lawoi and to analyze in what way their life and beliefs have changed during the last 20 years.

Urak Lawoi is the name of one of the sea nomadic ethnic groups who lives along the shores of Myanmar, Thailand and Malaysia. They are spread on many of the islands in the Andaman Sea archipelago and Ko Lanta is the main settlement. Ural Lawoi is regarded as the indigenous people of the island and they live there as a minority with Muslims and Thai-Chinese.

The traditional religion of Urak Lawoi is built upon the animistic belief of their ancestors. The religious leader and link between the spirit world and the humans is the To Maw. The family bonds are strong in the Urak Lawoi community and the elders play an important role in life and after death, when they can keep on watching out for their offspring. For the living it is important to do the rituals and ceremonies in the right way to obtain good luck and avoid bad luck.

In the last 20 years Ko Lanta has experienced a tremendous process of change caused by the increasing tourism. The conditions of the Urak Lawoi and their way of life have dramatically changed. The modern society with money economy, new technical solutions and a rationalized large-scale fishing has rapidly changed their way of life. The tsunami catastrophe, and the following attention from help organizations and missionary activities, has escalated the process. The traditional religion and culture of the Urak Lawoi is still present on the island but it is declining and changing under the influence of the constant pressure from other interests.

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Phasuk, Suvaporn. "Modeling the behavior of labor migration in Thailand : does the wage play an important role in labor migration." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61735.

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This dissertation uses individual-level data from Thailand’s Labor Force Survey to explain labor migration, with special attention to the effect of wage rates. By using the nested logit model, and dividing the provinces into four regions, the model fits well with regard to the flexibility of independent irrelevant alternatives for migrants who move to a province to look for a job. The results show that wage rates have the largest effect of all factors on labor migration decisions. A 1% increase in wages in a province leads to an average increase of 3% in the probability of single male migrants in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors moving to such a province to find a new job. Nonetheless, in a struggling economy, food and housing expenses become dominant factors. For single male migrants in the agricultural sector moving to a province, the effect of rice prices on that decision is statistically insignificant. The effect of the non-agriculture sector wage on labor migration was significant, positive, and relatively large. If there is a 1% increase in non-agriculture sector wages of a province, it raises the probability of single male migrants migrating to that province by 4.63%, an impressively elastic response. This research also found that agricultural workers had zero benefit in terms of their wage rate from raising rice prices, and thus raising prices of agricultural products did not induce workers to move to the agricultural sector.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Lathapipat, Dilaka. "Essays on wage gap decomposition and trends in the Thai educational wage structure." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149708.

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Kulkolkarn, Kiriya. "The impact of immigration on labor market outcomes and foreign direct investment." 2007. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.

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Sukummasawasdie, Pasokporn, and 成富鳳. "The Multivariate Granger Causality Study on the Relationship of Economic Growth, FDI Inflows, Average Wages, Exchange Rate, Human Development index and Energy Consumption —Evidence from Thailand and Indonesia." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73598191557327076926.

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碩士
中國文化大學
國際貿易學系
102
This thesis investigates the causal relationship between energy consumption (EC) and economic development related variables including economic growth (EG), foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, average wages (AW), exchange rate (ER), human development index (HDI) for Thailand and Indonesia based on annual data (1980-2012) to test the Granger causality. Before testing the causality, several steps needed to be applied, including Unit Root tests, SIC, AIC, and HQ criteria to obtain the optimal lag, VAR models test, Johansen co-integration test, VECM models built, and Granger causality test. In Thailand, there are five unidirectional causalities running from AW to EC, GDP, and ER, starting from HDI to EC, and flowing from GDP to ER. Furthermore, there are two bidirectional causalities between GDP and EC and between ER and EC. In Indonesia, there are four unidirectional causalities in the long run flowing from AW to FDI, GDP, and ER, and flowing from EC to HDI. From the results, the author suggests that both governments and policy makers of Thailand and Indonesia should deliberately maintain the average wages level to lead positive development of GDP and lowering other costs, or government may increase average wages at a steady phase. For the case of Indonesia, this measurement can even attract more FDI inflows. Moreover, policy makers of energy bureau of these two countries should promote laws and regulations regarding green technology to reduce energy consumption without sacrificing economic development. Furthermore, Thailand should take necessary action to intervene its exchange rate of currency in order to smooth the energy consumption. Finally, based on the results, average wages are the key factor for economic development in these two countries. It deserves much more attention for the government of Thailand and Indonesia to interfere policy making of average wages. Key words: Average Wages, Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Exchange Rate, FDI Inflows, Human Development index, Granger causality
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Kanma, Patcharapron, and 康嘉蘭. "Major Factors Affecting Thailand GDP and Wage Premium by Sectors across Regions and Countries." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26351958683078388827.

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碩士
國立中興大學
應用經濟學系所
104
This research analyzed the major factors affecting Thailand GDP and wage premium in manufacturing and service sectors by utilizing Generalized Least Squares (GLS) approach. The main objective of this study was to create a model in order to explain Thai economic growth and wage premium through exploring policy suggestion. The data was collected from quarter period during 2005-2014, obtaining from FDI inflow of six regions and countries, wage premium and GDP of Manufacturing and Service sectors, skilled-labor and exchange rate. In addition, the dummy variable was used in quarter. The estimation was estimated into the two results. Firstly, estimated results show that there are factors affecting wage premium. In manufacturing sector, it was found that skilled-labor had a significant effect in China and Japan. Exchange rate had a significant effect only in Hong Kong. In the first quarter, all regions and countries had a negative effect with statistical significance. In the second quarter, they also had a negative effect with statistical significance, except Hong Kong. In terms of service sector, only skilled-labor of ASEAN, EU, Hong Kong, Japan, US were related significant effect. However, in the second quarter, EU, Japan, Hong Kong, and US were statistically significant. Secondly, estimated results show that there are factors affecting GDP. In manufacturing sector, FDI of Japan, EU and US had a significant effect to the GDP. Wage Premium of all regions and countries, except Japan, presented a significant effect to the GDP. Exchange rate had a negative significant effect in all regions and countries. Dummy variable had statistically significant effect in primarily of all quarters. All regions and countries were found significant in the first and third quarter while in the second quarter, there were only ASEAN, EU, Hong Kong and Japan had a significant
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Books on the topic "Wages Thailand"

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1956-, Ramstetter Eric D., and Sjöholm Fredrik 1966-, eds. Multinational corporations in Indonesia and Thailand: Wages, productivity and exports. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

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Grootaert, Christiaan. The role of employment and earnings in analyzing levels of living: A general methodology with applications to Malaysia and Thailand. Washington, D.C., U.S.A: World Bank, 1986.

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Tubpun, Somnuk. Shadow wage rate for urban public project evaluation in Thailand. Bangkok: Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University, 1985.

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International Conference on Advanced Materials in Microwaves and Optics (2011 Bangkok, Thailand). Advanced materials in microwaves and optics: Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2011 International Conference on Advanced Materials in Microwaves and Optics (AMMO2011), September 30-October 1, 2011, Bangkok, Thailand. Durnten-Zurich: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd, 2012.

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(Editor), Eric D. Ramstetter, and Frederik Sjoholm (Editor), eds. Multinational Corporations in Indonesia and Thailand: Wages, Productivity and Exports. Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

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Bangkok Wakes to Rain. Sceptre, 2019.

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Sudbanthad, Pitchaya. Bangkok Wakes to Rain: A Novel. Penguin Publishing Group, 2020.

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Bangkok Wakes to Rain: A Novel. Riverhead Books, 2019.

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Sudbanthad, Pitchaya. Bangkok Wakes to Rain: A Novel. Penguin LCC US, 2019.

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Sudbanthad, Pitchaya. Bangkok Wakes to Rain: A Novel. Hodder & Stoughton, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wages Thailand"

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Ayudhya, Sakdina Chatrakul Na. "Thailand." In Minimum Wages, Collective Bargaining and Economic Development in Asia and Europe, 156–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137512420_9.

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Saksiriruthai, Siriwan. "Impact of Foreign Worker Migration on Wage and Labor Market in Thailand." In Urbanization and Migration as Factors Affecting Global Economic Development, 66–79. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7328-1.ch004.

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This chapter focuses on Thailand's foreign labor migration, which has played a critical role in the economic development of Thailand. Emphasizing both positive and negative effects of foreign migration to the Thai labor market, Thailand economy, and sustainability in economic development, this chapter separates foreign migrant workers into two types, legal and illegal, and analyzes the impact of each type of migrant worker on wages, labor market, Thai economy, innovation, and sustainability. While foreign skilled laborers, who usually receive formal work permits from the Thai government, as well as capital and native workers are complements, the unskilled or low-skilled workers, usually from neighbor countries, as well as capital and native workers, are substitutes. Furthermore, the impact of each group of foreign migrants on economic development and government reactions (as reflected in migration policies) is also elaborated before discussion for migration and development in the long term.
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Glassman, Jim. "Internationalization of the State under Japanese Quasi-Hegemony: Marginalizing Northern Workers, 1980–2000." In Thailand at the Margins. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199267637.003.0012.

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The internationalization of the Thai economy and the Thai state analysed in the last two chapters was—like all processes of internationalization—highly uneven. The modern Thai state was formed historically through collaboration between the Siamese monarchy, based in Bangkok, and British colonial officials, with Chinese merchants playing an important subsidiary role (Suehiro 1989; Chaiyan 1994; Thongchai 1994). By the early twentieth century, internationalization of capital and the state under this triple alliance had already led to the emergence of the Bangkok-centred political economy and strongly centralized state that has characterized Thailand throughout the past one hundred years (Dixon and Parnwell 1991). Thus, by the time rapid agrarian and industrial transformation began to take hold in the post-World War II period, it did so against a backdrop of already substantial Bangkok primacy and political dominance. The patterns of internationalization that have developed in the post-World War II period have largely strengthened this primacy and political dominance. Bangkok was the centre of the new triple alliance based on collaboration between military capitalists, Chinese merchants, and the US Cold War state (Suehiro 1989). As Cold War counter-insurgency and development projects proceeded, significant numbers of displaced peasants left agrarian society to seek urban-industrial employment and, as the overwhelmingly dominant centre of industry, Bangkok received a disproportionate share of the rural-tourban migration stream, with secondary cities remaining small and economically underdeveloped (Tables 4.1 and 4.2; London 1980; 1985). Consequently, the transformation of urban-industrial labour and the labour relations system described in Chapter 3 took place fundamentally in and around Bangkok, which remained the core area of manufacturing growth. For most of the post-World War II period up to 1985, the BMR’s industrial development was centred on low-wage, low value-added products such as textiles, garments, and low end electronics components, and though there were a number of very large firms in these lines, most manufacturers remained very small in scale, this being the case even among investment-constrained exporting firms. Small size was even more the norm with firms in upcountry regions, where manufacturing development was largely very rudimentary and generally centred in industries such as textiles, garments, and food processing (Table 4.3; Department of Labour 1985–6).
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Cohen, Erik. "Chapter 2 Tourism and Disaster: The Tsunami Waves in Southern Thailand." In Tourism Social Science Series, 23–51. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-5043(07)00002-1.

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Goff, James, and Walter Dudley. "Boxing Day." In Tsunami, 189–202. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197546123.003.0016.

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It had been well over 100 years since a major tsunami had struck the Indian Ocean, an event lost from living memory. The world’s only tsunami warning system operated exclusively in the Pacific Ocean, leaving the Indian Ocean neglected. On the day after Christmas 2004, a major earthquake struck off the coast of Indonesia, creating a tsunami that would ultimately leave more than 230,000 dead. The tsunami waves would spread across the Indian Ocean, causing massive death and destruction in Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and even along the east coast of Africa. This chapter presents survivor stories to add a unique perspective to this devastating event. The Indian Ocean now has a tsunami warning system, but it is being seriously neglected. What that portends no one yet knows.
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Lansdowne, Helen, and James Lawson. "Southeast Asian Workers in a Just-in-Time Pandemic." In Covid-19 in Asia, 445–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197553831.003.0030.

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This chapter looks at the modern just-in-time (JIT) economy, a novel economic context for producing goods—and facilitating pandemics. It examines points where the global economy, Covid-19, and Southeast Asian labour interact. These intersections reveal some important truths both about the JIT economy and about more general consequences of the mobility of humans and their “fellow-travellers.” Southeast Asian workers, whether labouring as migrant workers in Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand or labouring at home, supply relatively cheap wares for the world. Many experience confined living and working conditions, where disease transmission can accelerate. The chapter then considers some Southeast Asian workers’ experiences in production, care, and transport. It concludes with the often-forgotten material connectedness of humans to other plants and animals. Either inter-species disruption and sudden new interconnections will diminish, or they will pose ongoing challenges to this just-in-time world.
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"3. Preliminary Study of Indian and Indian Style Wares from Khao Sam Kaeo (Chumphon, Peninsular Thailand), Fourth-Second Centuries BCE." In Early Interactions between South and Southeast Asia, 47–82. ISEAS Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/9789814311175-006.

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Searle, Mike. "The Day the Earth Shook: The Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake 2004." In Colliding Continents. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199653003.003.0018.

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At 00.58 GMT (7.58 local time) on Sunday, 26 December 2004 a massive earthquake occurred off the north-west coast of Sumatra. The earthquake measured between magnitude 9.0 and 9.3 on the Richter scale with its epicentre at 3.32oN, 95.85oE, and occurred at a depth of approximately 30 kilometres. It was the second largest earthquake recorded since instrumental records began and was the deadliest natural disaster in recorded history. The earthquake and the resulting tsunami are estimated to have killed at least 228,000 people across fifteen countries bordering the Indian Ocean. The worst affected countries were Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Burma, the Maldives, and Somalia. The earthquake occurred on the subduction zone interface between the down-going Indian Ocean plate and the overriding Burma–Andaman–Sumatra plate. It ruptured approximately 1600 kilometres’ length of the plate boundary from Sumatra all the way north to the Burmese coast, travelling at 2–3 kilometres per second. Aftershocks continued unrelentingly for over four months after the earthquake, several reaching magnitude 7.5 as far north as the northern Andaman Islands. The seismic waves indicated a thrust fault earthquake that tilted the surface up to the south-west and down to the north-east. The ground surface was elevated as much as 11 metres at the epicentre, with the tilted surface sinking up to one metre further to the north-east, offshore Sumatra. During the rupture, the Burma plate slipped as much as 15 metres horizontally as the Indian Ocean plate slipped beneath. The force of the quake perceptibly shifted the Earth’s axis, raised sea level globally and speeded Earth’s rotation. It has been suggested that the earthquake shortened the length of the day by 2.68 microseconds, because of the decrease in oblateness of the Earth. The earthquake caused the Earth to wobble on its axis by up to 2.5 cm in the direction of 145o east longitude. The natural ‘Chandler wobble’, a small motion in the Earth’s axis of rotation (the motion that occurs when the spinning object is not a perfect sphere) can be up to 9 metres over 433 days, so this eventually offsets the comparatively minor wobble produced by the earthquake.
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Conference papers on the topic "Wages Thailand"

1

Wutyi Hnin, Su, Amna Javed, Chawalit Jeenanunta, Jessada Karnjana, and Youji Kohda. "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on electricity load demand in Thailand." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002556.

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Electricity demand is typically affected by many exogenous and endogenous factors to which utility generation, transmission, and distribution systems respond accordingly. The outbreak of COVID -19 caused a sudden change in every aspect in many countries. The number of cases increased exponentially from mid-March 2020 in Thailand. The Thai government has taken many pandemic-prevention measures such as requiring people to stay home to reduce human-to-human transmission of the virus. Many human activities stopped, such as businesses, services, and transportation. The preventive measures taken to curb the spread of COVID -19 have drastically changed the behavioral patterns of people. The energy sector is one of the sectors most affected by COVID-19. After the government-imposed restrictions to prevent COVID -19 within the country, there were extreme fluctuations in demand for electricity on the grid. We compared the electricity load patterns before and after introducing the countrywide restrictions by the government. Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand provided the daily 30-minute load data. This study provides valuable insights into the Thai power system during the global crisis. This is to support decision making, especially for policy-makers, grid operators, and regulators, by quantifying the short-term impact and identifying the long-term impact of pandemic waves on the power system.
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Posrithong, Natanaree. "The Unprecedented Social Response to the Emergence of Femtwits in Thailand’s Waves of Pro-democratic Movement." In 2nd International Conference on Gender Studies and Sexuality. Acavent, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icgss.2022.07.010.

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Reports on the topic "Wages Thailand"

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Stride, Josh. Precarity and the Pandemic: A survey of wage issues and Covid-19 impacts amongst migrant seafood workers in Thailand. Oxfam, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7628.

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This report presents findings from an extensive survey of migrant workers in the Thai seafood industry conducted by the CSO Coalition. The report focuses on the issue of low wages, the gender pay gap and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on these issues and the workers who experience them. It also aims to develop a national discussion around the issues of a living wage and a decent living for the hardworking migrant workers who generate wealth and produce food for wealthy companies and consumers around the world.
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