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Academic literature on the topic 'Wages – Portugal'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wages – Portugal"

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Mendes, Raquel. "Glass Ceilings in Portugal?" International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals 1, no. 2 (April 2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcitp.2010040101.

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Despite the evidence of female progress with regard to women’s role in the labor market, gender inequality remains. Women are still less likely to be employed than men, occupational gender segregation continues, and females continue to earn less than males. The gender wage gap remains wide in several occupational sectors, among which is the information technology (IT) sector. This paper focuses the determinants of gender wage inequality. More precisely, it investigates for statistical evidence of a glass ceiling effect on women’s wages. Based on the quantile regression framework, the empirical analysis extends the decomposition of the average gender wage gap to other parts of the earnings distribution. The main objective is to empirically test whether gender-based wage discrimination is greater among high paid employees, in line with glass ceiling hypothesis. Larger unexplained gaps at the top of the wage distribution indicate the existence of a glass ceiling effect in Portugal.
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Hartog, Joop, Pedro T. Pereira, and Jos� A. C. Vieira. "Bargaining regimes and wages in Portugal." Portuguese Economic Journal 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2002): 237–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10258-002-0013-0.

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Carneiro, Anabela, Paulo Guimarães, and Pedro Portugal. "Real Wages and the Business Cycle: Accounting for Worker, Firm, and Job Title Heterogeneity." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.4.2.133.

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Using a longitudinal matched employer-employee dataset for Portugal over the 1986–2007 period, this study analyzes the wage responses to aggregate labor market conditions for newly hired workers and existing workers within the same firm. Accounting for worker, firm, and job title heterogeneity, the data support the hypothesis that entry wages are more procyclical than wages of stayers. A one point increase in the unemployment rate decreases wages of newly hired workers within a given firm-job title by around 2.7 percent and by 2.2 percent for stayers within the same firm-job title. Finally, the results reveal a one-for-one wage response to changes in labor productivity. (JEL: E24, E32, J64)
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Carrington, William J., and Pedro J. F. De Lima. "The Impact of 1970s Repatriates from Africa on the Portuguese Labor Market." ILR Review 49, no. 2 (January 1996): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900210.

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This paper examines the labor market effect of the retornados who immigrated to Portugal from Angola and Mozambique in the mid-1970s following Portugal's loss of its African colonies. The retornados increased the Portuguese labor force by roughly 10% in just three years. Two analyses suggest contrasting conclusions. First, comparisons of Portugal with Spain and France indicate that any adverse effect of the retornados was quantitatively swamped by the Europe-wide downturn in labor market conditions in the 1970s. Second, comparisons between districts within Portugal indicate that the retornados may have had a strong adverse effect on Portuguese wages, suggesting that immigration may be considerably more harmful than previous case studies have concluded. The authors, however, regard the results of the within-Portugal analysis as less reliable than those of the comparison across countries.
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Kraciuk, Jakub. "THE IMPACT OF OFFSHORING ON THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2017.16.3.31.

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This study shows the differences in wages of workers from the EU countries according to various levels of education. It also shows the level of offshoring in the analysed countries and its impact on the salaries. It was found that the largest wage gap between the high-skilled and the low-skilled workers exists both in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and in the countries such as Germany and Portugal. Results of the analysis show that offshoring contributes to a decrease in wages of workers in the countries of the European Union. Nonetheless, the highest decrease in wages is visible among workers with the lowest skills, and the lowest decrease can be seen among workers with the highest skills.
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Damas de Matos, Ana. "Immigrant Language Fluency in the Low-Skilled Labor Market." ILR Review 70, no. 5 (December 1, 2016): 1176–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793916682448.

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Using longitudinal linked employer-employee data, the author investigates the returns to being a native speaker for immigrant men in the low-skilled labor market. She compares the two main recent immigrant groups in Portugal: Brazilians, who are Portuguese native speakers, and Eastern Europeans, who are not. Findings show that both wage level and wage growth of the two groups are similar. To better understand this surprising result, the author studies two mechanisms through which language fluency may lead to higher wages: sorting across occupations and across firms. Brazilians do sort into occupations that require greater language skills; however, this does not translate into a wage premium. Considerable workplace segregation occurs in Portugal, but Brazilians are not less segregated from natives than are Eastern Europeans. Evidence in this article suggests that language skills are not a major driver of economic assimilation in the low-skilled labor market.
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Card, David, Ana Rute Cardoso, and Patrick Kline. "Bargaining, Sorting, and the Gender Wage Gap: Quantifying the Impact of Firms on the Relative Pay of Women *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 2 (October 26, 2015): 633–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv038.

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Abstract There is growing evidence that firm-specific pay premiums are an important source of wage inequality. These premiums will contribute to the gender wage gap if women are less likely to work at high-paying firms or if women negotiate (or are offered) worse wage bargains with their employers than men. Using longitudinal data on the hourly wages of Portuguese workers matched with income statement information for firms, we show that the wages of both men and women contain firm-specific premiums that are strongly correlated with simple measures of the potential bargaining surplus at each firm. We then show how the impact of these firm-specific pay differentials on the gender wage gap can be decomposed into a combination of sorting and bargaining effects. We find that women are less likely to work at firms that pay higher premiums to either gender, with sorting effects being most important for low- and middle-skilled workers. We also find that women receive only 90% of the firm-specific pay premiums earned by men. Importantly, we find the same gender gap in the responses of wages to changes in potential surplus over time. Taken together, the combination of sorting and bargaining effects explain about one-fifth of the cross-sectional gender wage gap in Portugal.
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Pereira, Sonia C. "The impact of minimum wages on youth employment in Portugal." European Economic Review 47, no. 2 (April 2003): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2921(02)00209-x.

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Jung, Moon-Kie. "No Whites, No Asians: Race, Marxism, and Hawai‘i’s Preemergent Working Class." Social Science History 23, no. 3 (1999): 357–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200018125.

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By the close of the nineteenth century, Hawai‘i had become a newly annexed territory of the United States and was tightly controlled by a cohesive oligarchy ofhaolesugar capitalists. The “enormous concentration of wealth and power” held by the Big Five sugar factors of Honolulu up until statehood was unparalleled elsewhere in the United States (Cooper and Daws 1985: 3–4). In contrast, native Hawai‘ians and immigrants recruited from China, Portugal, Japan, and the Philippines—in successive and overlapping waves—endured the low wages and poor working and living conditions characteristic of other agricultural export regions.
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Card, David, and Ana Rute Cardoso. "Can Compulsory Military Service Raise Civilian Wages? Evidence from the Peacetime Draft in Portugal." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2012): 57–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.4.4.57.

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We provide new evidence on the long-term impacts of peacetime conscription, using longitudinal data for Portuguese men born in 1967. These men were inducted at age 21, allowing us to use pre-conscription wages to control for ability differences between conscripts and nonconscripts. We find a significant 4–5 percentage point impact of service on the wages of men with only primary education, coupled with a zero effect for men with higher education. The effect for less-educated men suggests that mandatory service can be a valuable experience for those who might otherwise spend their careers in low-level jobs. (JEL J24, J31, J45)
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wages – Portugal"

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Figueiredo, Hugo. "Is mass higher education working in Portugal? : occupational restructuring, wages and skill utilisation among young university graduates, 1995-2006." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505394.

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This thesis provides a fresh look at the relative success of the agenda of mass higher education in Portugal by monitoring how the value that employers attach to universitylevel degrees has changed since the mid-1990s. In doing so, I explicitly address the shortcomings of human capital theory as a suitable framework for understanding the implications of this agenda and argue for the need to take directly into account the possibility of a non-linear and increasingly polarised structure of demand for graduatelevel skills. The thesis then uses a variety of datasets - moving from a macro- towards a micro-oriented approach - to describe the sources of this increasing polarisation regarding both the monetary benefits associated with completing a degree and the likelihood of finding adequate and challenging work. Through these analyses, I show that, despite the large increases in the supply of young university graduates during this period, graduates' earnings premia are still relatively high and that a large majority are still employed in knowledge (-creating) jobs or in new specialisms which appear to require graduate-level qualifications. Graduates' relative earnings within these occupations are also found to have remained stable or to have even increased. However, this shift in the supply of skills is shown to have resulted since 1995 in a significant decrease of the average value of a degree, with particular sharp fall for those graduates who have been relatively unsuccessful in processes of job assignment and who are in jobs for which they are over-educated. I also show that an already sizeable and growing share of graduates is employed in jobs which appear to significantly under-utilise their productive and learning potential. This evidence of increasing polarisation among young university graduates is used not to argue against mass higher education per se but to raise serious doubts regarding the cost-effectiveness of the strategy implemented so far. In particular, I argue that following a strategy of educational expansion that disregards the need of a complementary industrial policy and of a strategy to eliminate current sources of segmentation among university students may prove to be particularly wasteful of public resources.
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Fernandes, Ana Filipa Martins. "O que determina as desigualdades salariais em Portugal?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5480.

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Mestrado em Economia
A desigualdade da distribuição dos rendimentos provenientes do trabalho é uma das principais responsáveis pela desigualdade económica na sociedade actual. Tendo como base os Quadros de Pessoal referentes ao ano de 2009, este trabalho procura perceber qual o panorama português no que diz respeito à desigualdade salarial, efectuando três análises distintas. Após a caracterização da distribuição dos ganhos, da aplicação de uma metodologia de decomposição da desigualdade e da estimação de equações salariais foi possível concluir que Portugal é um país que apresenta uma distribuição dos rendimentos muito desigual, onde os 10% mais bem remunerados obtêm cerca de 30% dos ganhos totais enquanto metade dos trabalhadores recebem essa mesma fatia no seu conjunto; onde o nível de educação representa um factor com um impacto considerável nos salários e, ainda, onde variáveis como as Qualificações e as Profissões dos trabalhadores se revelam como as principais determinantes da desigualdade.
The unequal distribution of labor income is one of the most important causes of the economic inequality in the modern society. Based on Quadros de Pessoal of 2009, this paper aims to understand the Portuguese picture of wage inequality. After the characterization of the distribution of earnings, the application of a methodology of inequality decomposition and the estimation of wage equations, it is possible to conclude that in Portugal the 10% with the highest wages have about 30% of the global earnings, whereas half of the workers receive this same share, education level has a substantial impact on salaries and workers’ Qualifications and Occupations are the main determinants of wage inequality.
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Oliveira, Sofia Carina dos Santos. "Returns to vocational education in Portugal." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11534.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
In a context of increasing investment in vocational education, it is highly relevant to investigate the impact of this type of education over labor market outcomes. Following a panel of individuals with upper secondary attainment born between January 1974 and December 1990, this study assesses the wage returns to vocational education and general education, between 1993 and 2009. Estimates from a random effects model revealed a wage advantage for workers with vocational education vis-à-vis workers with general education, in the beginning of the career. However, the earnings of the former group grow at a slower rate and are surpassed by the earnings of the latter group at around eight years of experience.
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Pereira, Joana Margarida Calado Quinta Passos. "Os efeitos redistributivos do salário mínimo em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20905.

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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas Públicas
A existência de um sistema de salário mínimo constitui em grande parte das economias desenvolvidas um instrumento de política económica que visa a regulamentação do mercado de trabalho, assegurar uma valorização digna da remuneração do trabalho e atenuar as situações de pobreza e de desigualdade. A sua implementação tem um efeito sobre o conjunto da distribuição salarial que não se confina aos trabalhadores que o auferem, mas que se propaga e influencia o salário de muitos trabalhadores. Neste estudo procede-se a uma análise aprofundada dos trabalhadores que auferem o salário mínimo em Portugal e, através de um modelo de microssimulação simples, pretende-se estudar os efeitos redistributivos associados a um aumento do salário mínimo. A comparação entre os níveis de desigualdade pré-existentes e os resultantes da simulação do incremento do salário mínimo permite quantificar a eficácia redistributiva desta medida e os seus efeitos sobre diferentes categorias de trabalhadores. A relação entre o valor do salário mínimo e o salário mediano é igualmente analisada de forma a verificar em que medida a sua proximidade pode constituir uma restrição a políticas redistributivas assentes no crescimento do salário mínimo.
The existence of a minimum wage system acts, in most developed economies, as a tool of economic policy. Such tool secures labour market regulation, ensures a worthy remuneration and mitigates poverty and inequality. Minimum wage implementation affects wage distribution, not just for the workers that earn the minimum wage, but also for others, influencing their wage. In this study does an in-depth analysis of minimum wage earners in Portugal. The study of redistributive effects, which result from a rise in minimum wage, is achieved using a simple microsimulation model. By comparing pre-existing inequality levels and the new levels after the increase in minimum, it is possible to quantify the redistribution effectiveness of this increase and its effects on different worker categories. The relation between the minimum wage value and median wage is analysed, in order to verify if the proximity between them, can work as a restriction to redistribution policies based on minimum wage growth.
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Semedo, Alvaro A. M. "The North Atlantic oscillation influence on the wave regime in Portugal : an extreme wave event analysis /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FSemedo.pdf.

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Oliveira, Ana Isabel Moura Frias de. "O aumento da quota salarial em Portugal : que efeitos?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6350.

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Mestrado em Economia
Desde o final dos anos 80, a quota salarial tem vindo a diminuir na maioria dos países desenvolvidos. Ao contrário das expectativas neoclássicas e os seus fundamentos teóricos, esta tendência não se tem traduzido em forte crescimento económico nem no aumento do emprego. Estando sob um programa de consolidação orçamental, Portugal enfrenta, há mais de dois anos, uma profunda recessão económica e um empobrecimento generalizado da população. A conjuntura económica, o baixo nível salarial e a elevada desigualdade na distribuição do rendimento exigem, no curto prazo, políticas que aumentem os rendimentos do trabalho e dinamizem o consumo e o mercado interno. Embora o aumento do consumo não seja sustentável no longo-prazo sem o reforço da produção e do investimento produtivo, deverá ser o ponto de partida para uma rápida recuperação económica. Utilizando a metodologia proposta por autores pós-keynesianos, a presente dissertação pretende provar que o aumento marginal da quota salarial tem efeitos positivos do PIB Português.
The wage share has been decreasing in most of developed countries since the late 80’s. Against the neoclassical beliefs and its theoretical background, this trend has not been translated into strong economic growth nor higher employment. Under a fiscal consolidation programme, Portugal has faced economic recession and generalized impoverishment for more than two years. The economic developments in the country, along with low wage level and high inequality in income distribution, demand short-run policies which increase workers’ income and foster consumption and the internal market. Although an increase in consumption cannot be sustainable in long-run without an enhancement of production and productive investment, it should be the root for economic recovery in the short-run. Using the methodology proposed by post-keynesian authors, this dissertation aims to prove that a marginal increase in wage share has positive effects on Portuguese GDP.
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Alcobia, João André Ferreira. "Functional and interpersonal distribution of income and economic growth in Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16383.

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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira
O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é estudar a relação de longo prazo entre a distribuição funcional e interpessoal do rendimento e o crescimento do PIB em Portugal para o período entre 1985 e 2016. O modelo econométrico escolhido é ARDL-bounds test. Há evidências de que a transferência de rendimento do fator capital para o fator trabalho tem efeitos positivos no crescimento de longo prazo de Portugal. O aumento nos rendimentos de topo (TOP 0,01%) também tem efeitos positivos, mas menores no crescimento de longo prazo. As razões invocadas para o aumento do peso do profit share são essencialmente as mesmas que o aumento dos rendimentos de topo. Conclui-se que os governos devem concentrar-se em medidas para aumentar o wage share e, consequentemente, propiciarão a aceleração do crescimento económico de longo prazo.
The objective of this master's thesis is to study the long-term relationship between the interpersonal and functional distribution of income and GDP growth in Portugal for the period between 1985 and 2016.The econometric model chosen is the ARDL-bounds test.There is evidence that the transfer of income from the capital to the labor factor has positive effects on the long term growth of Portugal. The increase in top yields (TOP 0,01%) also have positive but smaller effects.As the reasons given for the increase in the weight of profit share are essentially the same as the increase in top income, it is concluded that governments should be focused on measures to increase wage share and consequently reduce income inequality, having positive long-term economic growth effects.
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Souto, Matilde Lino Meyrelles do. "Inclusão e diversidade em Portugal : análise da discrepância salarial e grupos sub-representados." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20779.

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Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos Humanos
O objetivo do presente estudo é estudar se existem indícios de práticas discriminatórias em relação a determinados grupos minoritários ou sub-representados. Para tal, procedeu-se à analise da prática de discriminação através da verificação de dois fenómenos dela constituintes, a sub-representação e a discrepância salarial, em três setores diferentes, numa tentativa de traçar algumas conclusões sobre o grau discriminatório existente em cada uma destas indústrias, ao mesmo tempo que se estabeleceram comparações ou relações com o seu nível de contribuição para com a geração de emprego em Portugal e com o nível de inclusão praticado por cada um destes setores no plano mundial, fundamentados na literatura. Para isso, foram requisitados ao Gabinete de Estratégia e Planeamento do Ministério do Trabalho, Solidariedade e Segurança Social (GEP/MTSSS) dados sobre a Secção I (Alojamento, restauração e similares), a K (Atividades financeiras e de seguros) e a M (Atividades de consultoria, científicas, técnicas e similares), pertencentes ao CAE (Código de Atividade Económica), em 2018, que foram analisados através do Microsoft Excel e do SPSS. Este estudo permitiu, desta maneira, concluir que, relativamente a estas três indústrias em Portugal, a Secção K (Atividades financeiras e de seguros) constitui-se como a mais inclusiva, na medida em que se verifica nela uma menor prática das duas formas de discriminação em análise, sendo seguida pela Secção M (Atividades de consultoria, científicas, técnicas e similares) e, por fim, pela I (Alojamento, restauração e similares).
The aim of this study is to analyze whether there are indications of discriminatory practices in relation to certain minority or underrepresented groups. For this, the practice of discrimination was analyzed through the verification of two phenomena considered as that, being those the underrepresentation of groups and wage discrepancy, in three different sectors, in an attempt to draw some conclusions about the level of discrimination that exists in each one of these industries. At the same time, some comparisons were established relations with their level of contribution to job creation in Portugal and with the level of inclusion practiced by each one of these sectors in the world, based on the literature. For this, data from Section I (Accommodation, catering and similar), K (Financial and insurance activities) and M (Consulting, scientific, technical and similar activities), belonging to CAE (Economic Activity Code), from 2018, were requested from GEP/ MTSSS (Gabinete de Estratégia e Planeamento/Ministério do Trabalho, Solidariedade e Segurança Social), which were then analyzed through Microsoft Excel and SPSS. This study allowed to conclude that, for these three industries in Portugal, Section K (Financial and insurance activities) constitutes the most inclusive, as there is less practice of the two forms of discrimination under analysis, followed by Section M (Consulting, scientific, technical and similar activities) and, finally, by I (Accommodation, catering and similar).
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Matos, Patrícia Andreia Arneiro Vicente de. "O aumento do salário mínimo nacional (SMN) produz efeitos positivos no emprego?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17317.

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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas Públicas
Uma avaliação temporal assume-se como essencial para averiguar a relevância do Salário Mínimo Nacional (SMN) no emprego em Portugal. A estimação de um modelo econométrico de Vetor Autorregressivo (VAR) possibilita testar a correlação e causalidade entre as diferentes variáveis, permitindo concluir, com algum grau de fiabilidade, acerca dos resultados alcançados. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho podem indicar que a correlação entre as variáveis em análise é relativamente baixa, o que, potencialmente, pode significar que apesar do SMN ter aumentado ao longo dos últimos anos e a taxa de desemprego ter vindo a diminuir, não existe uma relação de causalidade relevante entre ambos. O mesmo acontece no caso do consumo privado, atividade económica e inflação, cujas respostas são não significativas face a impulsos do SMN. Desta forma, o aumento do SMN não parece ter um efeito positivo, ou negativo, nos níveis de emprego em Portugal.
A time-framed analysis is essential to assess the relevance of the minimum-wage (SMN) to employment in Portugal. The estimation of an Vector Autoregressive (VAR) econometric model gives the possibility to test the correlation and causality between different variables, allowing to take reliable conclusions concerning the achieved results. The results obtained in this study suggest that the correlation between the analysed variables is relatively low, wich might mean that the rise of the minimum wage over recent years and the fall of the unemployment rate are not correlated. This is also true for the levels of private comsumption, economic activity and inflation rate, which respond non significantly to impulses in the minimum wage. As such, the rise of the minimum wage does not seem to have a positive efect in the rise of the employment levels in Portugal.
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CARDOSO, Ana Rute. "Earnings Inequality in Portugal: The relevance and the dynamics of employer behaviour." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4881.

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Defence date: 12 September 1997
Examining board: Prof. Stephen Machin, University College London ; Prof. John Micklewright, EUI and UNICEF, Florence, Supervisor ; Prof. Stephen Nickell, University of Oxford ; Prof. Robert Waldmann, EUI
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Books on the topic "Wages – Portugal"

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Pimenta, Carlos. Os salários em Portugal. Lisboa: Editorial Caminho, 1989.

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Barros, Carlos Pestana. Low-wage employment in Portugal: A mixed logit approach. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2005.

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Budria, Santiago. On the returns to training in Portugal. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.

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Andini, Corrado. Full-time schooling, part-time schooling, and wages: Returns and risks in Portugal. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2007.

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Branco, Fernando. Why are wages in Portugal lower than elsewhere in EEC? Cambridge, Mass: Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991.

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Almedia, Maria Henriqueta de. O ganho médio do operário na indústria transformadora em Portugal e noutros países da OCDE de 1972 a 1982. Lisboa: Ministério do Trabalho e Segurança Social, 1985.

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Card, David E. Can compulsory military service increase civilian wages?: Evidence from the peacetime draft in Portugal. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011.

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Ventura, José Eduardo. Influência das gotas de ar frio no ritmo e na repartição espacial das chuvas em Portugal: Estudo de climatologia. Lisboa: Centro de Estudos Geográficos, 1986.

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Portugal. Ministério do Trabalho e da Solidariedade, ed. Estudo sobre a estrutura e a distribuição das remunerações: Explicar a desigualdade salarial em Portugal, 1995, 2002 e 2006. Lisboa: Gabinete de Estratégia e Planeamento do Ministério do Trabalho e da Solidariedade Social, GEP-MTSS, 2009.

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Making waves: The continuing Portuguese adventure. Montréal: Véhicule Press, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wages – Portugal"

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Branco, Fernando, and António S. Mello. "Why Are Wages in Portugal Lower than Elsewhere in the EEC?" In The Portuguese Economy Towards 1992, 131–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3638-3_5.

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Mendes, Raquel, and Laurentina Cruz Vareiro. "Gender, Wages, and Productivity: An Analysis of the Tourism Industry in Northern Portugal." In Quantitative Methods in Tourism Economics, 253–69. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2879-5_14.

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Calado, Rui Manuel D., Jaime da Silveira Botelho, Judite Catarino, and Mário Carreira. "Portugal, Summer 2003 Mortality: the Heat Waves Influence." In Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses, 89–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28862-7_9.

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Bradshaw, Laura. "Surfing the Innovation Waves: Surf Tourism in Portugal." In Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management, 149–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80733-7_9.

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"Portugal." In Taxing Wages 2021. OECD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/0475ca41-en.

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Mendes, Raquel. "Glass Ceilings in Portugal?" In Professional Advancements and Management Trends in the IT Sector, 46–63. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0924-2.ch004.

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Despite the evidence of female progress with regard to women’s role in the labor market, gender inequality remains. Women are still less likely to be employed than men, occupational gender segregation continues, and females continue to earn less than males. The gender wage gap remains wide in several occupational sectors, among which is the information technology (IT) sector. This paper focuses the determinants of gender wage inequality. More precisely, it investigates for statistical evidence of a glass ceiling effect on women’s wages. Based on the quantile regression framework, the empirical analysis extends the decomposition of the average gender wage gap to other parts of the earnings distribution. The main objective is to empirically test whether gender-based wage discrimination is greater among high paid employees, in line with glass ceiling hypothesis. Larger unexplained gaps at the top of the wage distribution indicate the existence of a glass ceiling effect in Portugal.
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Soylu, Özgür Bayram, Ayhan Orhan, and Murat Emikönel. "Measuring the Effect of Wage Inequality on Income Distribution via Theil Index in the Manufacturing Industry of Spain-Portugal." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 208–24. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7391-4.ch013.

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Income distribution is defined as sharing income arising from the sale of products among persons, groups, or production factors in a country within specific periods. Income inequality is the wage gaps between persons, groups, or regions. Increasing income inequality is accepted as the primary problem of economies in terms of bringing along many problems. This is because the fair distribution has continued to remain on the agenda of economic policies. There are several methods in measuring the inequality in the distribution of income as well as this study utilized Theil index because of the sensitivity of related index to super and subgroups of the income distribution. Spain and Portugal, in this chapter, were accepted as a single county; Spain and Portugal (each) were accepted as the regions of this presumptive country. Under this assumption, the course of wages inequality in time was revealed by the inequality analysis that was performed for eight sub-sectors of the manufacturing sector of Spain and Portugal for the years between1995 and 2015.
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Vieira de Andrade, José Carlos, João Carlos Loureiro, and Suzana Tavares da Silva. "Legal Changes and Constitutional Adjudication in Portuguese Social Law in Consequence of the European Financial Crisis." In European Welfare State Constitutions after the Financial Crisis, 208–39. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851776.003.0008.

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Portugal was affected simultaneously by an economic, financial, and budgetary crisis. It is in this context that in 2011 the country signed an MoU on Specific Economic Policy Conditionality with the EU, the ECB, and the IMF, which prescribed cuts on social expenses in wages, pensions, and other benefits of an ‘assistentialist’ nature. The legal measures adopted in this respect focused mostly on the social security scheme and introduced changes in the legal framework for future pensions and unemployment benefits, new contributions for pensions in payment, and former non-contributory benefits, as well as cuts in pensions and benefits. Throughout the years, the President of the Republic, members of the parliament, and the Ombudsman have asked the Constitutional Court to assess many of the rules included in the State Budget Laws, arguing a violation of fundamental social rights and basic principles such as human dignity, equality, and the protection of legitimate expectations. This led to the issuance of new and important constitutional case law in Portugal, concerning mainly the assessment of legislative measures under the fundamental principles of legitimate expectations, proportionality, and ‘equal proportionality’.
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Baccaro, Lucio. "Is There a “Mediterranean” Growth Model?" In Mediterranean Capitalism Revisited, 19–41. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501761072.003.0002.

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This chapter intends to determine whether the Mediterranean countries—Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain—have a common “growth model” and the features of which, if there is. A growth model can be identified by examining the components of aggregate demand—household consumption, investment, government expenditure, and exports—that account for the greatest contribution to growth in a particular country over the business cycle. The chapter differentiates the debt- and consumption-led growth model, export-led growth model, “balanced” growth model, and the fourth model which is characterized by stagnation due to the absence of a sufficiently powerful driver of growth. By examining data on growth contribution of aggregate demand components, wages, productivity, household debt, and housing prices, the chapter concludes that the Mediterranean growth model is of the consumption-led variety and that at best, the Mediterranean economies can turn themselves into peripheral export-led models.
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Newcomb, Robert Patrick. "“Across the Waves”: The Luso-Brazilian Republic of Letters at the Fin de Siècle." In Transatlantic Studies, 148–56. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620252.003.0013.

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The fin de siècle does not immediately spring to mind as a period sympathetic to supranational Luso-Brazilian literary and cultural bonds. The period witnessed a sequence of events that distanced Portugal and Brazil politically, and destabilized both countries. Brazil’s republican coup (1889) put the final nail in the coffin of the Luso-Brazilian empire and led to a transatlantic financial crisis; Britain’s “Ultimatum” (1890) to Portugal regarding its African claims undermined the monarchy; and Portugal’s limited intervention in Brazil’s Revolta da Armada (1893-94) led to a temporary suspension of diplomatic relations. Further, the aggressive nationalism of the early years of Brazil’s Old Republic was marked by a pronounced lusofobia. And negative stereotypes about Brazil and brasileiros (nouveau riche Portuguese returnees) remained popular comic fodder in Portugal. I contend that this agitated state of affairs prompted a cohort of Brazilian and Portuguese writers to affirm enduring Luso-Brazilian ties despite their political unpopularity. I will focus on three moments of Luso-Brazilianist activity during the period: Joaquim Nabuco’s 1880 and 1888 speeches in Rio de Janeiro’s Gabinete Português de Leitura, the publication of Oliveira Martins’s O Brasil e as Colônias Portuguesas (1888), and the 1916 visit to Portugal of Brazilian poet Olavo Bilac.
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Conference papers on the topic "Wages – Portugal"

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Lopes, João. "LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY, WAGES AND FUNCTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME IN PORTUGAL: A SECTORAL APPROACH." In 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.048.034.

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Konya, Sevilay, Zeynep Karaçor, and Mücahide Küçüksucu. "Panel Estimation for the Relationship between Real Wage, Inflation and Labor Productivity for OECD Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02305.

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There are studies examining the relationship between real wage, inflation and labor productivity in the economic literature. Increase in real wages causes to an increase in labor productivity. On the other hand, productivity increases also induce inflation to fall. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between real wage, inflation and labor productivity in the 22 OECD countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, United States) in the period of 1995-2017 by panel data methods. According to results, the cointegration relationship between real wage, inflation and labor productivity was found. In addition, mutual causality was determined between the variables we discussed.
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Cruz, Pedro. "Adapted dorling cartogram on wage inequality in Portugal." In 2017 IEEE VIS Arts Program (VISAP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/visap.2017.8282365.

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MENGUAL, Baptiste, Xavier BERTIN, Marc PEZERAT, Thibault COULOMBIER, Diogo MENDES, André Bustorff FORTUNATO, Kévin MARTINS, and Rui TABORDA. "Wave-current interactions and infragravity waves at the Tagus Estuary mouth (Portugal)." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Editions Paralia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2020.013.

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Rusu, Eugen, and C. Guedes Soares. "Wave Energy Assessments in the Coastal Environment of Portugal Continental." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57820.

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The potential for wave energy extraction can be obtained from the analysis of the wave climate which can be determined with numerical models. The wave energy devices can be deployed in offshore, nearshore and shoreline. From this reason, it is important to be able to assess properly the spatial distribution of the wave energy in various locations from the offshore to the coastline in a specific area. The methodology proposed here considers a SWAN based wave model system focusing in the Portuguese continental coastal environment from deep water towards the nearshore. An analysis of the average and high energetic conditions was first performed for a ten-year period, between 1994 and 2003, considering the most relevant in situ measurements available in the Portuguese nearshore. In this way both the average and high energetic conditions corresponding to the Portuguese continental costal environment have been properly defined. For the most relevant average wave conditions, SWAN simulations were performed in some medium resolution areas covering the northern and central parts of Portugal continental, which are traditionally considered richer in wave power resources. The present work allows the identification of some locations in the continental coastal environment of Portugal with greater potential from the point of view of wave power resources. An important observation is related to the fact that the wave power depends on the product between the energy density spectrum and the group velocity of waves. This means that, although the significant wave height is a relevant parameter when assessing the wave power in a specific site, a location having in general higher wave heights is not necessarily also the richest in wave power.
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Mørch, Hans Jørgen, Thomas Larsen, Erik Mostert, Karl Marius Norschau, and Gunnar Semb. "Full Scale Measurements and Flow Analysis on a High Speed Rescue/Patrol Boat." In SNAME 13th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/fast-2015-042.

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Through use of state of the art tools for flow analysis the aims to establish a methodology to determine the performance of a high speed planing craft both in calm water and in waves. Verification against full scale measurements is conducted. The ability to maintain speed in waves is of great interest -both with respect to added resistance and with respect to safe operation and loads on the crew from accelerations. Full scale measurements and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) were conducted on a Norsafe Magnum 850fast patrol boat. The measurements have been conducted during a boat challenge along the Iberian coast. The challenge was run in advance of the HSBO (High Speed Boat Forum) which was held in Lisbon, Portugal, May2015.CFD simulations at similar conditions to the measurements are used for validation. It is further shown how CFD can be used to expand operational envelopes beyond the point where full scale measurements are applicable. This is especially relevant for the acceleration loads on the crew which is often the limiting factor of small HSC (High Speed Crafts). Pressure loads are extracted from the CFD and are evaluated against the current standards for life boats. Various criteria are discussed and the most relevant are analyzed for the measurement results and the CFD simulation. An operational envelope where the different criteria are combined is suggested.
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Arena, Felice, Alessandra Romolo, Giovanni Malara, and Alfredo Ascanelli. "On Design and Building of a U-OWC Wave Energy Converter in the Mediterranean Sea: A Case Study." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11593.

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Since the nineties, the OWC (Oscillating Water Column) plants were developed at full scale to produce electrical power from ocean waves [1]. A prototype was built into a caisson breakwater of the Sakata Port, in Japan; other plants were built in India, in Scotland at Islay, in Portugal at the Azores. A new plant was built in Mutriku (Spain) recently. A new kind of OWC caisson, named U-OWC or REWEC3, was proposed by Boccotti [2]. With respect to a traditional OWC, a U-OWC plant includes an additional vertical duct, which enables to tune the eigenperiod of the plant to the peak period of the wave pressures acting on the converter-breakwater. In this way, resonance conditions can be reached without phase control devices and the wave pressures into the air pocket are increased in amplitude, amplifying the performance of the plant. In 2012, a full scale U-OWC (REWEC3) breakwater has been designed in Italy, for the harbour of Civitavecchia (the port of Rome – Port Authority of Civitavecchia). Such a breakwater embodies 19 caissons, each including 8 cells, 34m long. The paper disseminates the key issues pertaining the design stage. Further, it describes the main phases of the construction stage. The building of the caisson started in October 2012. The first caisson has been completed at the end of 2012. It is the first device for wave energy in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the biggest in the world.
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Keefe, Douglas J., and Joseph Kozak. "Tidal Energy in Nova Scotia, Canada: The Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Perspective." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49246.

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Ocean energy developments are appearing around the world including Scotland, Ireland, Wales, England, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, Norway, France Portugal, Spain, India, the United States, Canada and others. North America’s first tidal energy demonstration facility is in the Minas Passage of the Bay of Fundy, near Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) is a non-profit institute that owns and operates the facility that offers developers, regulators, scientists and academics the opportunity to study the performance and interaction of instream tidal energy converters (usually referred to as TISECs but called “turbines” in this paper.) with one of the world’s most aggressive tidal regimes. FORCE provides a shared observation facility, submarine cables, grid connection, and environmental monitoring at its pre-approved test site. The site is well suited to testing, with water depths up to 45 meters at low tide, a sediment -free bedrock sea floor, straight flowing currents, and water speeds up to 5 meters per second (approximately 10 knots). FORCE will install 10.896km of double armored, 34.5kV submarine cable — one for each of its four berths. Electricity from the berths will be conditioned at FORCE’s own substation and delivered to the Provincial power grid by a 10 km overhead transmission line. There are four berth holders at present: Alstom Hydro Canada using Clean Current Power Systems Technology (Canada); Minas Basin Pulp and Power Co. Ltd. with technology partner Marine Current Turbines (UK); Nova Scotia Power Inc. with technology partner OpenHydro (Ireland) and Atlantis Resources Corporation, in partnership with Lockheed Martin and Irving Shipbuilding. In November 2009, NSPI with technology partner OpenHydro deployed the first commercial scale turbine at the FORCE site. The 1MW rated turbine was secured by a 400-tonne subsea gravity base fabricated in Nova Scotia. The intent of this paper is to provide an overview of FORCE to the international marine energy community during OMAE 2011 taking place in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Tapia Olivas, Juan Carlos, René Delgado Rendón, Emilio Hernández Martínez, Felipe Noh Pat, Eric Efrén Villanueva Vega, and María Cristina Castañón Bautista. "Evaluation of Wave Energy in the Pacific Ocean for Baja California State in Mexico." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52857.

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According to the World Energy Council (WEC) the estimated energy of the wave power in the world is in the range of 8,000 to 80,000 TWh/year to depths of 100 meters or higher and actually the utilization of wave energy resource it is possible because it has been implemented in countries like Australia, Indonesia, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Norway, Portugal and Colombia evaluating different types of marine technologies that take the advantage of the kinetic energy in the ocean waves. Mexico according to the National Institute of Statistics and Information (INEGI) has a land area of 1,972,550 km2 of which has a coastline of 11,150 km having potential for the use of their coasts. Baja California with a land area of 71,445 km2 (3.6% of the country) is located on a peninsula in northwest Mexico and has 720 km of coastline on the Pacific Ocean (6.4% nationally) with a range of depths of 25.6 m to 650 m at a distance of the coastline of 15 km, which makes it suitable to evaluate the use of wave energy at local sites. With the completion of this work will contribute to the characterization of the sites that will present the best technical and economic conditions for its implementation, considering the physical characteristics of the site as well as connection points on the transmission lines operated by the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE). For the preparation of this study was carried out in three stages: a) Site Selection, b) Evaluation of Wave Energy and c) Economic evaluation of sites using RETScreen. Based on the characteristics of the coast of Baja California the results obtained are the following: 1) 18 sites were selected with a sea depth averaged of 50 m, the annual density power was 7.5 kW/m, this represents a potential of 210 MW considering an average length of 2 km in each site, 2) The economic evaluation of this type of project was for a period of 30 years in RETScreen, considers an annual inflation rate of 5% and obtains an investment cost of 9,538 US $/kW for this type of generation. We conclude that this source of energy will reduce dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to the generation of electricity in the state of Baja California diversifying the energetic matrix state by the use of clean and renewable sources, which represents an investment opportunity between the public and private sector.
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Reports on the topic "Wages – Portugal"

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Card, David, and Ana Rute Cardoso. Can Compulsory Military Service Increase Civilian Wages? Evidence from the Peacetime Draft in Portugal. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17694.

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Cantante, Frederico. Gender inequalities at the top of the wage distribution in Portugal. Observatório das Desigualdades, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/ciesodwp012014.

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