Journal articles on the topic 'Wages (Minimum)'
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1
Lukiyanova, A. L. "Minimum wage and minimum wages in Russia." Journal of the New Economic Association 37, no. 1 (2018): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2018-37-1-8.
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Draca, Mirko, Stephen Machin, and John Van Reenen. "Minimum Wages and Firm Profitability." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.3.1.129.
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We study the impact of minimum wages on firm profitability, exploiting the changes induced by the introduction of a UK national minimum wage in 1999. We use pre-policy information on the distribution of wages to implement a difference-in-differences approach. Minimum wages raise wages, but also significantly reduce profitability (especially in industries with relatively high market power). This is consistent with a simple model where wage gains from minimum wages map directly into profit reductions. There is some suggestive evidence of longer run adjustment to the minimum wage through falls in net entry rates. (JEL J31, J38, L25)
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Borgschulte, Mark, and Heepyung Cho. "Minimum Wages and Retirement." ILR Review 73, no. 1 (May 6, 2019): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793919845861.
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The authors study the effect of the minimum wage on the employment outcomes and Social Security claiming of older US workers from 1983 to 2016. The probability of work at or near the minimum wage increases substantially near retirement, and previous researchers and policies suggest that older workers may be particularly vulnerable to any disemployment effects of the minimum wage. Results show no evidence that the minimum wage causes earlier retirements. Instead, estimates suggest that higher minimum wages increase earnings and may have small positive effects on the labor supply of workers in the key ages of 62 to 70. Consistent with increased earnings and delayed retirement, higher minimum wages decrease the number of Social Security beneficiaries and amount of benefits disbursed. The minimum wage appears to increase financial resources for workers near retirement.
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Simamora, Leonardo Alexius, and Diah Widyawati. "Dampak Kenaikan Upah Minimum Terhadap Kesenjangan Upah Antar Gender: Kasus di Seluruh Provinsi di Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Statistik Indonesia 2, no. 2 (August 28, 2022): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jesi.02.02.03.
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Wage gap disparities have become polemic in almost all countries in the world, especially in developing countries. Minimum wage is present as a policy on wage system that aims to be a safety net for workers. Although this policy is not a gender-oriented policy, if the number of women and the actual wage distance of women's minimum wage is lower than that of men, then the minimum wage may raise the wage gap. This study aims to examine the impact of minimum wage increases on wage gap across all provinces in Indonesia by using counterfactual methods on wage distribution. The results of this study indicate that the impact of minimum wages in Indonesia actually widen the wage gap between the gender especially on workers in the distribution of low wages. The impact of regional minium wages varies across provinces.
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Wadsworth, Jonathan. "Minimum Wages." Economic Record 85, no. 271 (December 2009): 491–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2009.00605.x.
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Derrell, Robert, and Cecilia Winters. "Minimum Wages." Forum for Social Economics 49, no. 1 (September 30, 2016): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2016.1236029.
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Bhattacharjee, Saurabh. "Universalization of Minimum Wages As A Pipe Dream: Many Discontents of the Code on Wages, 2019." Socio-Legal Review 16, no. 2 (January 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.55496/gwpd4458.
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The Code on Wages, 2019 (‘Code’) seeks to universalize the law on minimum wages in India by removing the distinction between scheduled and non-scheduled employment that has been central to the application of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. The Union Ministry of Labour and Employment claims that the elimination of this dichotomy will extend the protection of minimum wages law to more than an estimated fifty crore workers. This paper posits that the goal of universalization of minimum wages may remain a pipe dream due to several explicit exclusions, definitional limitations, and ambiguities in the Code. As a result, not only would many wage workers still remain outside the ambit of minimum wages protection, the coverage of domestic workers, who were earlier covered under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, may also be imperilled. Further, the exclusion of employment guarantee programmes from the ambit of the provisions on minimum wages also contravenes the constitutional prohibition against forced labour under Article 23. In addition, the Code also fails to address some of the critical structural barriers in the labour economy that have impeded the implementation of minimum wages law so far. This paper argues that the Code’s failure to recognize an entitlement to minimum wages for every wage worker and address the systemic hurdles in the payment of minimum wages undermines the goal of universalization of minimum wages as well as the constitutional mandate on payment of minimum wages
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Putera, Zulfikar. "IMPLEMENTASI UPAH MINIMUM KOTA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PEKERJA DI KOTA KENDARI (Studi di Kota Kendari)." Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan 9, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/kewarganegaraan.v9i2.7555.
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The implementation of Kendari City Minimum Wage has not gone well, there is no regulation that can accommodate the interests of workers and companies, the interpretation that minimum wages are basic wages and other benefits wages need to be continued that the minimum wage is the basic wage other than the wages of other benefitsKeyword : Minimum Wage, Welfare
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Richardson, Sue. "Who Gets Minimum Wages?" Journal of Industrial Relations 40, no. 4 (December 1998): 554–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569804000404.
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There have been rising levels of inequality in the earnings distribution in some OECD countries (principally the English-speaking ones), together with stub bornly high levels of unemployment in many others. Australia has shared in the increases in earnings inequality and persistent unemployment. The increasing earnings inequality has led to renewed interest in the usefulness of legally binding minimum wages as an instrument for redressing it. The high unemployment has led to a renewed interest in removing restrictions on what employers must pay, in the hope that this will increase employment. This paper provides the first detailed examination of the low- wage group in Australia and its standing in the distribution of household equivalent income. It finds that low-wage workea s are varied in their socioeconomic characteristics. They are not typically new entrants to the labour force. They look very like all wage earners in their age distribution. A majority work full-time and are married; 40 per cent have dependent children. Most live in lower income households, but many do not. A cut in low wages that focuses on those around the Australian Industrial Relations Commission minimum would be regressive. The circumstances necessary to make the gain to the unemployed exceed the losses to low-wage workers who have a low income appear to be quite implausible.
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Skedinger, Per. "Employment effects of union-bargained minimum wages." International Journal of Manpower 36, no. 5 (August 3, 2015): 694–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-02-2013-0037.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of collectively agreed increases in minimum wages for manual workers on employment transitions and hours. Design/methodology/approach – The econometric approach relies on the identification of workers affected by minimum wage changes, depending on their position in the wage distribution and contrasts outcomes for these workers to those for unaffected workers, with slightly higher wages. Findings – The analysis suggests that separations increase as minimum wages increase and that substitution between worker groups in response to changes in minimum wages is important in retail. In general, though, hours do not change much as minimum wages increase. Research limitations/implications – Analyses that deal with employment consequences of increasing minimum wages but disregard hours may exaggerate the overall decline in employment to the extent that job losses are concentrated among low-paid, part-time workers. Practical implications – With union-bargained minimum wages, unions and employers need to carefully consider the effects of increasing rates on employment. Social implications – The findings that there is a trade-off between higher wages among the low-paid and employment loss and that employment to some extent is reshuffled between individuals should be important from a welfare perspective. Originality/value – The literature on employment effects of minimum wages is large, but very few studies are concerned with union-bargained minimum wages. The assumptions of the econometric model are tested in a novel way by imposing fictitious minimum wages on lower-level non-manuals in the same industry, with turnover characteristics similar to those of manuals but covered by a different collective agreement with non-binding actual minimum wages.
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Mangan, John, and John Johnston. "Minimum wages, training wages and youth employment." International Journal of Social Economics 26, no. 1/2/3 (January 1, 1999): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068299910229820.
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High rates of youth unemployment, worldwide, have led governments to advocate a range of policies designed to increase job offers to young workers. For example, the Australian Government is currently introducing a system of “training wages” which will see effective youth wages set well below adult award wages for a designated training period. This policy is designed to simultaneously increase the human capital of young workers as well as help to overcome the initial barriers to entry into the labour market. However, youth‐specific wages have been criticized on the basis of age discrimination and on equity grounds. Also, some US data question the employment‐boosting potential of reduced minimum youth wages. In this paper recent international findings on the relationship between youth wages and employment are presented and compared with empirical tests of the relationship using labour market data for Australia as a whole as well as the State of Queensland. The results are used to examine the likely impact of the introduction of the training wage on the youth labour market in Australia and to provide further generalizations on the wider issue of employment and youth‐specific wages.
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Prasetiyo, Arif, and Siti Hajati Hoesin. "Implementation of The Provision of Wages Below the Minimum Wage Provisions in Micro Enterprises and Small Businesses." Khazanah Hukum 4, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/kh.v4i2.19242.
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This research is based on the application of wages below the minimum wage for businesses that meet the criteria for micro and small businesses. As it is known that the provisions of the district and city minimum wages are a form of safety net for the economic life of Indonesian workers. However, often a common problem for micro and small businesses is that they cannot meet the minimum wage requirements because the economic capacity of their own businesses is different from that of large businesses. Through the Employment Creation Act, the government finally made changes to the labor cluster by providing special rules for micro and small businesses in terms of providing wages below the minimum wage. The problems that will be studied in this research are regarding the requirements to be able to provide wages below the minimum wage provisions and how to provide wages under the minimum wage provisions. The method used by the author in this study is a normative juridical research. The results of the research are an explanation of the conditions for businesses that can pay their workers' wages below the minimum wage, how to make a Collective Agreement so that they can pay wages below the minimum wage.
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Dube, Arindrajit, and Attila Lindner. "City Limits: What Do Local-Area Minimum Wages Do?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 35, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.35.1.27.
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Cities are increasingly setting their own minimum wages, and this trend has accelerated sharply in recent years. While in 2010 there were only three cities with their own minimum wages exceeding the state or federal standard, by 2020 there were 42. This new phenomenon raises the question: is it desirable to have city-level variation in minimum wage polices? We discuss the main trade-offs emerging from local variation in minimum wage polices and evaluate their empirical relevance. First, we document what type of cities raise minimum wages, and we discuss how these characteristics can potentially impact the effectiveness of city-level minimum wage policies. Second, we summarize the evolving evidence on city-level minimum wage changes and provide some new evidence of our own. Early evidence suggests that the impact of the policy on wages and employment to date has been broadly similar to the evidence on state- and federal-level minimum wage changes. Overall, city-level minimum wages seem to be able to tailor the policy to the local economic environment without imposing substantial distortions in allocation of labor and businesses across locations.
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FirmanSyah, Rachmad, and Moh Qudsi Fauzy. "Sistem Upah Minimum Kabupaten Dalam Perspekti Islam (Studi Kasus Pada Upah Minimum Kabupaten Sidoarjo)." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 4, no. 6 (December 15, 2017): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol4iss20176pp434-448.
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Islam does not allow wages under the minimum level based on the basic needs of groups of workers; nor let their wage increases that exceed a certain level determined based on his contribution to production. Employers need workers to run its business to remain in existence, while workers need the work to make ends meet. Islam tries to create a fair balance between the two, both in terms of remuneration and protection of the interests of workers and employers. There are three parameters in Islam as basis in determining the appropriate wage system of sharia, namely Justice, Feasibility and Virtue. The state has important roles in giving attention to the workers in earning sufficient wages to sustain a level of decent living and not allow wages under the minimum levels.
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Freeman, Richard B. "Minimum Wages – Again!" International Journal of Manpower 15, no. 2/3 (February 1994): 8–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437729410059305.
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Mutaqin, Muhammad Iqbal, and Choirul En Huda. "MINIMUM WAGES AND CONSTRUCTION WORKERS EARNING IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik Indonesia 8, no. 2 (November 2, 2021): 111–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/ekapi.v8i2.23670.
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This study explores the impact of minimum wages on the wages of construction workers in the informal sector. Using cross-sectional data consisting of 717 samples from 62 construction projects in 24 provinces in Indonesia, we uncover that the variation of construction worker wages across provinces follows the variation of minimum wages. On the demand variables, the magnitude of GDP and workers productivity in a province is not related to construction workers' earnings. While, on the supply side, the level of formality in a province shows a positive relation to construction workers' wages. In addition, the result also supports the previous literature that the nature of construction workers is moving from one project to another across cities as part-time workers. Lastly, another finding is that the base of estimation price in public procurement for the wage of construction workers is market wage.
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Christl, Michael, Monika Köppl-Turyna, and Dénes Kucsera. "Revisiting the Employment Effects of Minimum Wages in Europe." German Economic Review 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 426–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geer.12135.
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AbstractThe aim of this study is to estimate the relationship between the minimum wage and the employment rate of young individuals, taking into account potential non-linearity. In a cross-country setup of European countries, we find a significant nonlinear relationship between the minimum wages and employment rate of young individuals. Theoretically, while low minimum wages can indeed be positively associated with employment, after a certain level of the minimum wage, the relationship turns negative. This implies that there is an optimal level of minimum wages that maximizes the employment rate of young individuals. We additionally show that the negative relationship between minimum wages and employment of young workers is stronger if labor markets are otherwise strictly regulated and when workers are relatively unproductive. Using these results, we are able to calculate country-specific turning points and show that some European countries in our sample might in fact contribute to high unemployment rates among young individuals by setting minimum wages too high. However, in other European countries, especially the Eastern European countries, an increase in minimum wages (up to a certain level) might even lead to higher employment rates of young individuals.
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Nurhayati, Siti, Emi Wakhyuni, and Syaiful Asmi Hasibuan. "Enforcement of Labor Wages Below the Minimum Standard Reviewed from Government Regulation (PP) Number 36 of 2021 concerning Wages and Islamic Law." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230442.
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The implementation of labor wages should be adjusted to the minimum wage set by the government, but the implementation of labor wages below the minimum standard carried out by several companies is interesting to study the implementation of labor wages below the minimum standard that is justified, considering that wages are an important aspect for workers to be able to live a decent life. The suspension of the minimum wage is a way out for companies that have not been able to meet the minimum wage payments. This applies before the passing of the Job Creation Law, where companies can apply for suspension of minimum wage payments to the local Governor/Regional Head. Then in order to ensure the ability and sustainability of a company, Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation which was later clarified by PP Number 36 of 2021 concerning Wages contains new provisions, namely that the minimum wage is excluded for micro and small businesses with certain provisions and criteria. In the regulation, it is explained that companies are required to provide wages as the minimum wage that has been determined and there are sanctions for companies that do not run it.Regarding wages in Islamic law, the determination of wages (ujrah) of workers strictly upholds the principles of justice and sufficiency. The main principle of justice lies in the clarity of the contract (transaction) and commitment on the basis of willingness to do it (from the contractor). Therefore, Islam strongly prioritizes the principle of justice in all aspects including economic aspects, especially in determining wages for workers or laborers, so it is necessary to have a work agreement between workers and employers so that there is no arbitrariness of employers against their workers. The provision of time in work determined, as well as the amount of the wage payment system and the reference amount of wages that must be issued, is a very striking general difference from the concept used in Islamic Law and Government Regulation Number 36 of 2021 concerning Wages. Keywords: Wage, Labor, Government Regulation (PP), Islamic Law
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Plowman, David H. "Protecting the Low Income Earner: Minimum Wage Determination in Australia." Economic and Labour Relations Review 6, no. 2 (December 1995): 252–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469500600206.
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The Minimum Wage, in various variants, has been an important part of Australian wage determination for over a century. This paper documents the development of the minimum wage and in so doing highlights the pivotal role of the Sunshine Harvester case. That case left a number of legacies which are examined in other parts of the paper. These include the bifurcated nature of wage determination, consideration of family size, the sexual division of labour and wages, the conflict between needs and capacity to pay, wage adjustment indexes and the role of minimum wages in a decentralised wages system.
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Healy, Joshua. "The Quest for Fairness in Australian Minimum Wages." Journal of Industrial Relations 53, no. 5 (November 2011): 662–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185611419618.
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The attainment of ‘fairness’ is widely regarded as a worthy goal of setting minimum wages, but opinions differ sharply over how to achieve it. This article examines how interpretations of fairness shaped the minimum wage decisions of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission between 1997 and 2005. It explores the Commission's approaches to three aspects of fairness in minimum wages: first, eligibility for increases; second, the form of increase; and third, the rate of increase over time. The Australian Industrial Relations Commission consistently gave minimum wage increases that were expressed in dollar values and applied to all federal awards. Its decisions delivered real wage increases for the lowest paid, but led to falls in real and relative wages for the majority of award-reliant workers. Fair Work Australia, the authority now responsible for setting minimum wages in the national system, appears apprehensive about parts of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission's legacy and has foreshadowed a different approach, particularly with respect to the form of adjustment.
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Hipkin, I. B. "A comparison of actual and minimum wages in the iron and steel industry (1978-1983)." South African Journal of Business Management 21, no. 1/2 (March 31, 1990): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v21i1.915.
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In 1983 two million employees in South Africa were subject to minimum wages in terms of industrial council or wage board legislation. Studies of wage determination have been hampered by the lack of knowledge of actual wage rates. This paper compares the wage rates as laid down by the Industrial Council for the Iron. Steel, Engineering and Metallurgical Industry with the wages contained in a national salary survey, the latter representing 'actual' market wages. A job evaluation system has been used as the basis of comparison between the minimum and market rates. Both minimum and actual wages display similar characteristics in that the lowest levels have received the greatest (real) increases over the period under consideration. The upper skilled levels have seen a decrease in wages in real terms, with increases in actual wages being lower than the rates at which the minimum rates have increased. Explanations are sought both from an economic and a socio-political point of view.
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Hipkin, I. B. "A comparison of actual and minimum wages in the iron and steel industry (1978-1983)." South African Journal of Business Management 21, no. 1/2 (March 31, 1990): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v21i1/2.915.
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In 1983 two million employees in South Africa were subject to minimum wages in terms of industrial council or wage board legislation. Studies of wage determination have been hampered by the lack of knowledge of actual wage rates. This paper compares the wage rates as laid down by the Industrial Council for the Iron. Steel, Engineering and Metallurgical Industry with the wages contained in a national salary survey, the latter representing 'actual' market wages. A job evaluation system has been used as the basis of comparison between the minimum and market rates. Both minimum and actual wages display similar characteristics in that the lowest levels have received the greatest (real) increases over the period under consideration. The upper skilled levels have seen a decrease in wages in real terms, with increases in actual wages being lower than the rates at which the minimum rates have increased. Explanations are sought both from an economic and a socio-political point of view.
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Seltzer, Andrew J., and Jeff Borland. "The Impact of the 1896 Factory and Shops Act on the Labor Market of Victoria, Australia." Journal of Economic History 78, no. 3 (September 2018): 785–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050718000359.
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This article examines the effects of the Victorian Factory and Shops Act, the first minimum wage law in Australia. The Act differed from modern minimum wage laws in that it established Special Boards, which set trade-specific minimum wage schedules. We use trade-level data on average wages and employment by gender and age to examine the effects of minimum wages. Although the minimum wages were binding, we find that the effects on employment were modest, at best. We speculate that this was because the Special Boards, which were comprised of industry insiders, closely matched the labor market for their trades.
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Wittawat Pherng, Piyaluk Buddhawongsa, Supanika Leurcharusmee, and Paravee Maneejuk. "MINIMUM WAGES AND WAGE DISTRIBUTION IN THAILAND." Journal of Technology and Operations Management 17, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jtom2022.17.2.4.
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Minimum wage policies were designed to raise the wages of low-skilled workers. In this study, we use data from the Thai Labor Force Survey (2011-2020) to examine the impact of the minimum wage policy on the wage distribution using a quantile regression model corrected for sample selection with a copula. We find that the minimum wage has the strongest effect on the lowest quantile and the effect decreases toward the higher quantiles. This confirms the effectiveness of the minimum wage policy in raising the wages of low-income individuals. In addition, there is also a spill-over effect on individuals in higher wage quantiles. The effect of the minimum wage estimated by our model is smaller compared to the standard quantile regression. This suggests that without correcting for sampling bias, the estimated effect of the minimum wage leads to an upward bias.
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Lynn, Michael. "The Effects of Minimum Wages on Tipping: A State-Level Analysis." Compensation & Benefits Review 52, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886368720908959.
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Analyses of state differences in minimum wages and tip percentages found that (1) states with higher regular minimum wages have lower average tip percentages in coffee shops and higher average tip percentages in restaurants (after controlling for tipped minimum wages and cost-of-living) and (2) states with higher tipped minimum wages have lower average tip percentages in restaurants and higher average tip percentages in coffee shops (after controlling for regular minimum wages and cost of living). Although the data are only correlational and do not prove causality, these findings support the idea that paying tipped workers higher wages decreases the tip percentages those workers receive. Discussion centers on the potential processes underlying such an effect, its implications for minimum wage policy and directions for future research.
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Machin, Stephen, and Alan Manning. "The Effects of Minimum Wages on Wage Dispersion and Employment: Evidence from the U.K. Wages Councils." ILR Review 47, no. 2 (January 1994): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399404700210.
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Using data on Wages Council coverage from the United Kingdom New Earnings Survey, the authors examine the impact of mandated minimum wages on wage dispersion and employment in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. They find evidence that a dramatic decline in the toughness of the regulation imposed by the Wages Councils through the 1980s—a decline, that is, in the level of the minimum wage relative to the average wage—significantly contributed to widening wage dispersion over those years. There is, however, no evidence of an increase in employment resulting from the weakening bite of the Wages Council minimum pay rates. Instead, consistent with the conclusions of several recent U.S. studies, the findings suggest that the minimum wage had either no effect or a positive effect on employment.
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Handriyanto, Timbul, and Mahayoni Mahayoni. "DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI FORMULA UPAH MINIMUM SESUAI PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 78 TAHUN 2015 TENTANG PENGUPAHAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PEKERJA DI KABUPATEN BEKASI." Problematika Hukum 4, no. 2 (September 21, 2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/ph.v4i2.1723.
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The Constitution states that every citizen has the right to work and a decent living for humanity, reinforced by the Manpower Act that every worker/laborer has the right to earn an income that fulfills a decent living for humanity. In achieving this goal, the state establishes a "Minimum Wage" based on a survey of the basic needs of a single worker for one month called the Decent Living Needs (KHL). The Government issued Government Regulation 78 of 2015 concerning Wages which regulates the formula for setting minimum wages based on inflation and national economic growth, the components of the decent living necessities that were previously used as a basis for stipulations are no longer used. This type of research is normative juridical legal research, using the IRAC analysis approach (issue, rule, analysis, conclusion) to draw a conclusion. Data and data sources used are primary data and secondary data with the procedure of collecting literature and field studies. From the results of the study the Impact of the Implementation of the Minimum Wage Formula in Accordance with Government Regulation Number 78 Year 2015 Regarding Wages Against Workers' Welfare is the average increase in wages in Bekasi district, five years before and after the formula was put in place experienced a significant decrease. The minimum wage, which was five years earlier above the KHL, is now below the KHL. The formula also makes wage increases as a percentage flat, resulting in wider regional wage disparities. The problems studied are: 1. The mechanism for setting minimum wages before and after the birth of PP 78 of 2015 concerning wages. 2. The impact of the implementation of the minimum wage formula in accordance with PP 78 of 2015 concerning wages for workers' welfare. Keywords: Minimum Wages, PP 78/2015 Formula, and Living Needs (KHL).
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Campolieti, Michele. "Minimum Wages and Wage Spillovers in Canada." Canadian Public Policy 41, no. 1 (March 2015): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2013-060.
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Shannon, Michael. "Minimum wages and the gender wage gap." Applied Economics 28, no. 12 (December 1996): 1567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000368496327543.
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Giotis, Georgios, and Naoum Mylonas. "Employment Effect of Minimum Wages." Encyclopedia 2, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 1880–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2040130.
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The effect of minimum wages on employment is a mature, continuously researched topic. This study discusses the core theoretical approaches on the relationship between the minimum wage and employment, which is reflected by the empirical results from the international literature. Moreover, it presents the findings of the most recent research and the results of meta-analyses of this issue. While the theoretical approaches and outcomes of empirical studies vary, the meta-analysis demonstrates the lack of a significant correlation between minimum wages and employment. In light of the latest developments and meta-regressions, the literature does not provide a clear and definite sign of the relationship, but the trend seems to be driven towards a negative direction of the impact for the more sensitive groups. Therefore, further light needs to be shed onto this issue.
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Aprilsesa, Tri Dian, Muhammad Tahir, Siti Aminah, and Marnita Marnita. "Tinjauan Hukum Pemberian Upah Pada Buruh Dibawah Upah Minimum Provinsi." AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam 5, no. 1 (May 5, 2023): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i1.1997.
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Getting a decent job and livelihood is a basic right of every citizen as a citizen that must be obtained. In its implementation, it cannot be denied that there are problems in employment, one of which concerns wages. However, in principle employers are prohibited from paying wages to workers/employees lower than the minimum wage. The purpose of analyzing the implementation of the provision of the minimum wage is expressly regulated in Article 23 paragraph (3) of Government Regulation Number 36 of 2021 concerning Wages as the Implementing Regulation of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. If in the agreement, the wages paid are found to be lower or contrary to laws and regulations, the agreement may be null and void and the wage arrangements are carried out in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations. The research method is normative juridical to analyze data by means of literature studies on secondary data which specifically discusses the norms contained regarding the Minimum Wage Provisions. Obstacles in the application of wages, both the UMP (Provincial Minimum Wage) and the UMK (Regency/City Minimum Wage), namely lower and middle-level companies that are unable to carry out the provisions of the UMP and UMK provisions themselves so that there is a gap between workers and companies. Even though the UMP is smaller than the UMK, there are small and medium-sized companies that are unable to provide good wages to workers according to the stipulations of the UMP. The welfare of workers in Indonesia has always increased from time to time because the magnitude of the increase in the minimum wage as a whole is lower than the increase in the price of the minimum necessities of life, so that workers cannot live a decent life.
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Sukatrilaksana, Leo. "THE EFFECT OF MINIMUM WAGES ON EMPLOYMENT IN INDONESIA." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 5, no. 3 (October 11, 2003): 74–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v5i3.314.
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Minimum wages have been a major consideration in Indonesia in recent years, as the government has strongly pursued a minimum wage policy. The levels of regional minimum wages have been increased significantly since 1989, and there is a concern that these increases may have slowed employment growth. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the employment effects of minimum wages, using data for 26 provinces, covering the period from 1988 to 1999. The study focuses on different groups of workers within the urban formal sector. The results of graphical and statistical analysis indicate some support for the conventional theory of the negative employment effects of minimum wages.
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Pernica, Martin. "Evaluation of the adequacy of government minimum wage valorization policy in the Czech Republic in 2017 in the European context." Oeconomia Copernicana 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.v8i1.2.
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Research background: The government of the Czech Republic has agreed to an increase in the minimum monthly wage as of the beginning of 2017 to 11,000 CZK, which represents a year-over-year increase of over 11 %. The government is thus fulfilling its objective set out in February 2014 and stipulated in the Government Statement of Purpose, i.e. to approximate the minimum wage to 40 % of average wages.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to assess the adequacy of the Government Minimum Wage Valorization Policy, in particular from two points of view. Firstly, in view of selected macroeconomic indicators in the Czech Republic — the development of consumer prices, average gross wages, economic growth and workforce productivity. Secondly, in comparison with other EU member states which have introduced the institution of a minimum wage.
Methods: In order to assess the adequacy of government policy to improve the social protection of the rights of the working population, a background research was conducted into the literature of important studies on the effects of minimum wages on unemployment, while the development of average gross wages in the CR, the minimum monthly wages in the CR and the Kaitz index were also analyzed. Furthermore, an evaluation of selected macroeconomic indicators in the Czech Republic was performed by means of time lines and the percentage representation of employees in the individual gross wage bands according to sex and type of economic activity. Last, but not least, a comparison was made of minimum wages, real gross domestic product per capita and workforce productivity in Euros and in purchasing power standards between the Czech Republic and countries which have enacted the institution of minimum wages.
Findings and Value added: The minimum wage in the Czech Republic is the fifth lowest in the EU. In the long term, it is earned by approximately 3% of employees, which is less than the rate common in other EU countries. Currently, the amount of the minimum wage is below the threshold of income poverty. In comparison with the GDP per capita in PPS and real labour productivity per person employed in other EU countries, the position of the Czech Republic is significantly better, although other EU countries offer higher minimum wages. The decision of the current government to significantly increase the minimum wage as of 2017 is correct.
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Raut, Nirmal Kumar. "Setting National Minimum Wages for Nepal: A Need-Based Approach." Economic Journal of Nepal 42, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2019): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejon.v42i1-2.35900.
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Method of setting minimum wages has been a debatable issue across the world. Various countries have adopted various methods of minimum wage determination process primarily formulas, government rate setting, union bargained rates, and rate recommended by an expert body. International Labour Organization (ILO) puts forth that the process of setting-up minimum wages should be scientific and accommodative of the needs of the workers and their families. Although minimum wages remains an utmost prority as a redistributive tool, studies shows that its fixation are mostly driven by political interest of the incumbent government and the interest of the private sector. Nepal is not an exception to this. This paper attempts to propose a need based method of setting minimum wages for Nepal. In addition to the food and non-food information, unlike previous need based approaches, this study uses housing information from the nationally representative household survey to derive the minimum wages for Nepal. The minimum monthly salary/wages at 2019/20 prices per household is estimated at NRs. 21799 and daily wages is estimated at NRs. 838.43.This study is expected to guide policy makers in setting evidence-based minimum wages for Nepal.
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Ki, Matthew, and Junfeng Shang. "Prediction of minimum wages for countries with random forests and neural networks." Data Science in Finance and Economics 4, no. 2 (2024): 309–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dsfe.2024013.
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<abstract><p>Minimum wages reflect and relate to many economic indexes and factors, and therefore is of importance to mark the developmental stage of a country. Among the 195 countries in the world, a handful of them do not have a regulated minimum wage mandated by their governments. People debate as to the advantages and disadvantages of imposing a mandatory minimum wage. It is of interest to predict what these minimum wages should be for the selected nations with none. To predict the minimum wages, motivations vary with the specific country. For example, many of these nations are members of the European Union, and there has been pressure from this organization to impose a mandatory minimum wage. Open and publicly available data from Excel Geography are employed to predict the minimum wages. We utilize many different models to predict minimum wages, and the random forest and neural network methods perform the best in terms of their validation mean squared errors. Both of these methods are nonlinear, which indicates that the relationship between the features and minimum wage exhibits some nonlinearity trends that are captured in these methods. For the method of random forests, we also compute 95% confidence intervals on each prediction to show the confidence range for the estimation.</p></abstract>
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Romich, Jennifer L., Scott W. Allard, Emmi E. Obara, Anne K. Althauser, and James H. Buszkiewicz. "Employer Responses to a City-Level Minimum Wage Mandate: Early Evidence from Seattle." Urban Affairs Review 56, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 451–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087418787667.
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A growing number of cities and counties have recently raised their minimum wages. How employers respond to these mandates provides insight into the impact such policies might have on workers and local labor market. Drawing on two survey waves tracking initial responses to Seattle’s $15 Minimum Wage Ordinance by 439 employers with low-wage workers, we show how employers adjusted to higher wages. Most commonly, firms raised prices (56% reported this); smaller percentages reduced employee headcount or hours, limited internal wage progression, or took other measures. Single-site Seattle employers responded similarly to those with multiple sites. Food and accommodation sector employers were more likely to raise prices than firms in other sectors. Relative to other ownership structures, franchises disproportionately reported reducing their workforces. Very few employers reported withdrawing from Seattle. Overall, initial employer responses to this city-level minimum wage law align with predictions from the literature, findings that highlight trade-offs that policy makers must consider in future local wage regulation.
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Kamil, Roid, and Sukirno Sukirno. "Pemberian Upah di Bawah Ketentuan Minimum Kabupaten Melawi di Warung Raya Coffee." Notarius 16, no. 3 (June 3, 2022): 1768–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nts.v16i3.45049.
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AbstractMinimum wage provisions in each region vary because each region has conditions of living needs that vary. Business owners in providing wages must be in accordance with the minimum wage policy regulations of the Regency / City Government. In practice, there are problems about providing wages below the minimum wage provision standard to an employee. In determining the amount of wages given by business owners to their employees based on considerations of risks and expertise of the work by employees. The provision of wages below the minimum by business owners due to the factor of not achieving daily sales of production goods of coffee shops, the risks and workload shouldered by employees is relatively low. Researchers legal using is empirical juridical, Approaches are made to analyze the legal regulations that apply effectively in society. The conclusion is the implementation of the minimum wage agreement at Raya Coffee coffee shop is carried out verbally between the coffee shop owner and employees. The minimum wage has not been effectively run by the business owner of the Raya Coffee shop business, the owner does not follow the governor's decision on the district minimum wage.Keywords: giving; minimum wage; raya coffeeAbstrakKetentuan upah minimum pada setiap daerah berbeda-beda dikarenakan setiap daerah memiliki kondisi kebutuhan hidup yang berbeda. Pemilik bisnis usaha dalam memberikan upah harus sesuai dengan peraturan kebijakan upah minimum Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota. Praktiknya, terdapat permasalahan ketenagakerjaan salah satunya mengenai pemberian upah di bawah standar ketentuan upah minimum kepada seorang karyawan. Dalam menentukan besarnya upah yang diberikan oleh pemilik usaha kepada karyawannya didasarkan dengan pertimbangan-pertimbangan resiko dan keahlian pekerjaan yang dilakukan karyawan. Pemberian upah di bawah minimum oleh pemilik usaha bisnis karena faktor tidak tercapainya penjualan harian pada barang produksi dari warung kopi, terhadap resiko dan beban kerja yang dipikul oleh karyawan masih tergolong rendah. Dipergunakan metode yuridis empiris, pendekatan dilakukan untuk menganalisis peraturan hukum yang berlaku secara efektif dalam masyarakat. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu pelaksanaan perjanjian pemberian upah minimum di warung Raya Coffee dilakukan secara lisan antara pemilik warung kopi dan karyawan. Pemberian upah minimum belum efektif dijalankan oleh pihak pemilik usaha bisnis warung Raya Coffee, dalam hal ini pemilik warung kopi tidak mengikuti keputusan gubernur tentang upah minimum kabupaten.Kata kunci: pemberian; upah minimum; raya coffee
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Migranova, Lyudmila, and Raisa Popova. "The minimum social guarantee of employees’ wages in Russia: 2020-2021." Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia 17, no. 4 (December 10, 2021): 478–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2021.17.4.5.
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In 2021 the methodological approaches to the assessment of the minimum wage and the subsistence minimum level (SML) undergone significant changes. According to federal law No 473-FZ of December 29, 2020, these minimum social guarantees are to be calculated relative to the median wage (at 42%) and the median per capita income (at 44.2%) for the past year. This article reviews the changes in the minimum social guarantees as regards employees’ wages in Russia and its regions in the past two years. A new methodology for estimating the median wages had not been developed by the start of 2021. According to Law No 473-FZ the federal minimum wage was set using the Pension Fund data at the rate of 12792 rubles per month. The majority of regions used the federal minimum wage as the basis for defining regional minimum wages. A comparative analysis of regional minimum wages in 2020 and 2021 was carried out for two groups of regions, the regions with regular climate conditions and the regions with special (extreme) climate conditions where the regional coefficient for wages is applied. The analysis shows that in 2021 the minimum wage increased by 5,5% compared to 2020 in most regions. The exception is 11 regions of the Russian Federation, where the minimum wage was set at an increased rate compared to the federal level. The article analyses the ratio of the minimum wage and means wage of all employees in 45 regions of the Russian Federation with normal climate conditions and in 16 regions with extreme climate conditions, where a unified rayon coefficient is set up at the territory of the region. The dynamics of this indicator allows for estimating the trends in wage inequality
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Katz, Lawrence F., and Alan B. Krueger. "The Effect of the Minimum Wage on the Fast-Food Industry." ILR Review 46, no. 1 (October 1992): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204600102.
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Using a longitudinal survey of fast-food restaurants in Texas, the authors examine the impact of recent increases in the federal minimum wage on a low-wage labor market. Less than 5% of fast-food restaurants were using the new youth subminimum wage in July/August 1991, even though the vast majority paid a starting wage below the new hourly minimum wage immediately before it became effective. Although some restaurants increased wages beyond the level needed to comply with higher minimum wages in both 1990 and 1991, those federal minimum wage increases greatly compressed the distribution of starting wages in the Texas fast-food industry. Two findings at variance with conventional predictions are that (1) employment increased more in those firms likely to have been most affected by the 1991 minimum wage increase than in other firms and (2) price changes were unrelated to mandated wage changes.
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Derenoncourt, Ellora, and Claire Montialoux. "Minimum Wages and Racial Inequality*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 136, no. 1 (September 14, 2020): 169–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjaa031.
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Abstract The earnings difference between white and black workers fell dramatically in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This article shows that the expansion of the minimum wage played a critical role in this decline. The 1966 Fair Labor Standards Act extended federal minimum wage coverage to agriculture, restaurants, nursing homes, and other services that were previously uncovered and where nearly a third of black workers were employed. We digitize over 1,000 hourly wage distributions from Bureau of Labor Statistics industry wage reports and use CPS microdata to investigate the effects of this reform on wages, employment, and racial inequality. Using a cross-industry difference-in-differences design, we show that earnings rose sharply for workers in the newly covered industries. The impact was nearly twice as large for black workers as for white workers. Within treated industries, the racial gap adjusted for observables fell from 25 log points prereform to 0 afterward. We can rule out significant disemployment effects for black workers. Using a bunching design, we find no aggregate effect of the reform on employment. The 1967 extension of the minimum wage can explain more than 20% of the reduction in the racial earnings and income gap during the civil rights era. Our findings shed new light on the dynamics of labor market inequality in the United States and suggest that minimum wage policy can play a critical role in reducing racial economic disparities.
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Cuecuecha, Alfredo, Norma Fuentes-Mayorga, and Darryl McLeod. "Do minimum wages help explain declining Mexico-U.S. migration?" Migraciones internacionales 12 (December 15, 2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2326.
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This paper finds that minimumwagesof the United States and Mexicomeasured carefully in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) help explain the well-documented post-2010 fall in Mexico-U.S.migration. Declining inequality also plays a role since the purchasing power of the minimum wage increased relative to the average wage in Mexico. Using time-series data,we find two positive partial correlations between minimum wages and net migration: one driven by wage differentials between the two countries and the other by wage inequality in Mexico. However, these results are found to be mediated through migrantsocial networks. Though relative wages are a classic migration driver,this paper is the first to explore the full minimum-average wagenexus. One clear policy implication of these results is that maintaining the real purchasing power of minimum wages helps reducemigration.An in-depth analysis is needed to demonstrate the causality of these correlations.
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Aldan, Altan, and Hatice Burcu Gürcihan Yüncüler. "Real wages and the business cycle in Turkey." Acta Oeconomica 72, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2022.00006.
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Abstract The article analyzes the direction and scope of the responsiveness of real wages to the business cycle in Turkey using longitudinal data from 2005 to 2015. We found that wages in Turkey are procyclical; one percentage point increase in the unemployment rate induces a 0.6% decline in real wages. There is a variation in the patterns along the lines of wage distribution among the subgroups with relations to skills. Less-educated workers have acyclical wages. Compatible with this evidence, we found that the workers who earn around the minimum wage also have acyclical wages. High share of minimum wage earners suppresses wage cyclicality. Consistent with strict employment protection legislation and loose wage determination, wages of relatively high-income employees who mostly have formal work arrangements are procyclical.
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Ohlert, Clemens. "Gesetzlicher Mindestlohn: Auswirkungen auf Frauen und Männer." Wirtschaftsdienst 104, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wd-2024-0035.
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Abstract Since its introduction, minimum wage has led to greater increases in average hourly wages and monthly earnings for women than for men. The effects of minimum wage on the hourly wages of women and men affected by the minimum wage have been similar on average. However, women are more frequently employed in the minimum wage sector than men and therefore benefit from it more often. Reductions in working hours due to the introduction of minimum wage were lower for women than for men in the short term. Minimum wage did not have a significant effect on employment for women or men and therefore contributes to reducing pay inequality by gender.
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Safrina, Lia, and Uswatun Hasanah. "Fair Wages in Employment: Islamic Insights into Aceh Province's Minimum Wage." Malikussaleh Social and Political Reviews 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/mspr.v4i2.11267.
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The problem of wages is more than just nominal. Other things are important to note, such as the time of payment and the wage component. Likewise, eligibility and fairness must be seen from the mechanism for determining it so that inequality between workers and job providers does not occur. The philosophy of wages as a form of worker protection is needed for government intervention to issue regulations made by the government by setting a minimum limit of salary/wages to be paid by the company to its workers. The Aceh government has set the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) to ensure wage equity between workers and job providers. This research is qualitative research that uses secondary data as a data source. The data used is Aceh Governor Regulation No. 560/1539/2022. The data was analyzed by describing the UMP setting system in Aceh and its relevance to the principles of justice, eligibility, and virtue. The results indicated that the setting of Aceh's minimum wage is relevant to the concept of wages in Islam and has fulfilled the principles of wages in Islam based on justice, eligibility, and virtue principles.
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Addison, John T., and McKinley L. Blackburn. "Minimum Wages and Poverty." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 52, no. 3 (April 1999): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2525141.
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Neumark, David, and William L. Wascher. "Minimum Wages and Employment." Foundations and Trends® in Microeconomics 3, no. 1–2 (2006): 1–182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0700000015.
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Hevia, Ignacio Gutiérrez, and Pedro Schwartz. "Minimum wages in Spain." Economic Affairs 17, no. 2 (June 1997): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00021.
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Schulten, Thorsten. "Minimum wages in Europe." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 12, no. 2 (May 2006): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890601200213.
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Pond, Richard. "Minimum wages in Europe." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 12, no. 2 (May 2006): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890601200215.
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Lechthaler, Wolfgang, and Dennis J. Snower. "Minimum wages and training." Labour Economics 15, no. 6 (December 2008): 1223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2007.11.005.
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