Journal articles on the topic 'Wages Government policy Papua New Guinea'
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1
Lodewijks, John. "Employment and Wages Policy in Papua New Guinea." Journal of Industrial Relations 30, no. 3 (September 1988): 381–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218568803000303.
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Batten, Aaron. "Foreign aid, government behaviour, and fiscal policy in Papua New Guinea." Asian-Pacific Economic Literature 24, no. 2 (October 29, 2010): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8411.2010.01264.x.
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Preston, Rosemary. "Refugees in Papua New Guinea: Government Response and Assistance, 1984–1988." International Migration Review 26, no. 3 (September 1992): 843–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600305.
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Melanesian West Papuans have been seeking refuge in Papua New Guinea since Indonesia annexed the province of Irian Jaya in 1962. The slowness of the Papua New Guinean government to respond to the 12,000 who crossed the border in 1984 paved the way for subsequent policy of minimal assistance so as not to jeopardize national security, by antagonizing Indonesia or by exacerbating the jealously of local people. As in other places, the long-term effect for refugees is likely to be social and economic marginalization, combined with insecure residential status.
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Megarrity, Lyndon. "Indigenous education in colonial Papua New Guinea: Australian government policy (1945‐1975)." History of Education Review 34, no. 2 (October 14, 2005): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08198691200500009.
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MacWilliam, Scott. "Crunch-time for the University of Papua New Guinea." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i2.169.
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After a promising start as the place where many of the country’s future leaders were educated, the University of Papua New Guinea is now a shadow of its former self. With minimal international support and destructive government policies ranking tertiary education of little importance for development, UPNG now operates on a budget totally inadequate to run a contemporary university. The minimal coverage of UPNG’s decline in the national media is reflected in a poorly run journalism programme which has had a stop-start history. By comparison, the University of the South Pacific thrives and its management set targets to raise the proportion of people from member countries who attend tertiary education. International support, financial as well as supervisory, continues to make a major contribution to USP’s operations. During major crises in Fiji, where USP’s main campus is located, journalism students at the university have performed exemplary roles. Even the controversies which repeatedly surface about the programme indicate its continuing importance at USP. This essay argues that only the formation of a substantial consortium, with international donors joining a PNG government committed to a dramatic reversal of policy, can rescue what began as the country’s premier tertiary institution. The demand for skilled and managerial labour in the South Pacific’s second largest country, by population, requires a revitalised UPNG which could in turn lead a major reform of tertiary education and indeed all education.
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Nash, Sorariba. "A free ride to propaganda." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 1, no. 1 (November 1, 1994): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v1i1.522.
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MIKLOUHO-MACLAY, Niсkolay N. "DIGITALIZATION FORMATION OF THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS." Southeast Asia: Actual Problems of Development, no. 4(57) (2022): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2022-4-4-54-166-175.
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This article presents the main stages of the independent state of Papua New Guinea (PNG). It analyses the first steps in the formation of a democratic government in 1975 and subsequent political reforms, including the provincial government as a stabilization measure. The topic of crime (raskolism), the causes of corruption and intertribal conflicts that the young state faced, and the effectiveness of the fight against it are analyzed, as well as the reasons for restraining economic growth, the foreign policy of the state in the first decade of independent PNG and its relations with Australia.
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Suryanti, Made Selly Dwi, and Melpayanty Sinaga. "Indonesian Government Diplomacy on Protecting Indonesian Migrant Workers in Papua New Guinea During COVID-19 Pandemic." Nation State: Journal of International Studies 5, no. 1 (July 23, 2022): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/nsjis.v5i1.716.
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COVID-19 Pandemic that started from the end of 2019 and developed in 2020 has changed international world order. That changed felt by all countries in the world, including Indonesia. The rapid raising of casualties made the government taking a lockdown policy. It was meant to protect their citizens and prevent a more massive spreading. That protection is not only applied for the citizens in the country but also for the citizens living abroad like Indonesian migrant workers. One particular case that became the focus of this research is the migrant workers who works in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Human right is a main instrument in protecting the citizens. That is the importance of government in this case. This research aims to analyze Indonesian diplomacy strategies in protecting the rights of migrant workers who works in PNG during the Pandemic with humanity aspect as its main concern. Method that is used in this research is a descriptive qualitative using primary and secondary data through interviews and literature study from relevant and validated sources. The result of this research shows that Indonesian Government is taking the model of protection diplomacy in protecting Indonesian migrant workers in PNG.
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Harris, Hannah. "Corruption and the forestry industry in Papua New Guinea: transnational actors, local dynamics and environmental impact." Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 22, no. 1 (May 2019): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2019.01.03.
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Corruption and environmental degradation are interrelated challenges. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), the relationship between corruption and the environment can be seen in the continuing corruption that exists in the country's forestry industry. The article focuses on key actors, values and interests across geographic and institutional spheres who contribute to corrupt incentives in PNG. The PNG government, foreign corporations, customary land owners, NGOs, multilateral organizations, even foreign governments and consumers; all play a role in the PNG context. These actors and their motives must be understood and harnessed to reduce corruption and improve environmental outcomes in PNG. To balance power dynamics and incentives among these actors requires the use of multiple legal and political tools: political pressure, international law, domestic legislation, aid and technical assistance, education and enforcement of existing legal frameworks are all components of the solution. The concept of an experimentalist governance framework for environmental protection is valuable in this context, due to its fluidity, responsiveness and adaptability in complex environments with multiple stakeholders.
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Hart, John D., Viola Kwa, Paison Dakulala, Paulus Ripa, Dale Frank, Theresa Lei, Ninkama Moiya, et al. "Mortality surveillance and verbal autopsy strategies: experiences, challenges and lessons learnt in Papua New Guinea." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 12 (December 2020): e003747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003747.
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Full notification of deaths and compilation of good quality cause of death data are core, sequential and essential components of a functional civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) system. In collaboration with the Government of Papua New Guinea (PNG), trial mortality surveillance activities were established at sites in Alotau District in Milne Bay Province, Tambul-Nebilyer District in Western Highlands Province and Talasea District in West New Britain Province.Provincial Health Authorities trialled strategies to improve completeness of death notification and implement an automated verbal autopsy methodology, including use of different notification agents and paper or mobile phone methods. Completeness of death notification improved from virtually 0% to 20% in Talasea, 25% and 75% using mobile phone and paper notification strategies, respectively, in Alotau, and 69% in Tambul-Nebilyer. We discuss the challenges and lessons learnt with implementing these activities in PNG, including logistical considerations and incentives.Our experience indicates that strategies to maximise completeness of notification should be tailored to the local context, which in PNG includes significant geographical, cultural and political diversity. We report that health workers have great potential to improve the CRVS programme in PNG through managing the collection of notification and verbal autopsy data. In light of our findings, and in consultation with the main government CRVS stakeholders and the National CRVS Committee, we make recommendations regarding the requirements at each level of the health system to optimise mortality surveillance in order to generate the essential health intelligence required for policy and planning.
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Brogan, Brian. "Exchange rate and macro-economic policy in independent Papua New Guinea Ross Garnaut and Paul Baxter, in consultation with Anne Krueger Government of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, March 1983, 248 pp." Public Administration and Development 7, no. 4 (October 1987): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230070409.
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Moase, Olive M., Modi Pontio, and Collins O. Airhihenbuwa. "Nutritional Assessment of Primary School Children in Papua New Guinea: Implications for Community Health." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 8, no. 2 (July 1987): 157–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qw8d-9aee-9lqc-e997.
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The nutritional status of primary school children ( N = 1453) was assessed using weight-for-height (W/H) and twenty-four hour food recall records. Using WHO standards, 21 percent of the students were within the standard W/H. Of the remainder, 71 percent were within 5 kg. of standard W/H, and 8 percent deviated more than 5 kg. from the standard W/H (5% underweight and 3% overweight). The dietary data collected from Grades 5 and 6 ( N = 425) revealed a daily food intake of 1.6, 2.8, and 7.7 servings of protein, protective, and energy foods, respectively, as recorded in local servings. Sixty-five percent of the subjects consumed foods from all three food groups. Twenty-four percent consumed no protein, 14 percent consumed no protective food, and 2 percent consumed neither protein nor protective food. The variety of foods available varied from school to school-3-11 protein foods, 7–15 energy foods, and 8–18 protective foods. To improve nutritional status, government leadership in the areas of education, health, and primary industry will be required. All divisions adhere to the National Food and Nutrition Policy which promotes local rather than imported food.
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Latif, Muhammad Mehran. "Demand for New Provinces in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2017.0502.0025.
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In this paper main objective is to discuss how demand of new provinces is important and what are best policies for government to resolve it? Ethno-lingual movements are rising for new provinces demand because at initial stage these demands were just for rights but with the passage of time changed due to political support. Also in this paper India’s policy for new provinces is discussed to tell that why there are many provinces and less conflict. For Pakistan’s new provinces advantages and disadvantages are briefly deliberated which can provide rationale to Pakistani government for making new provinces. At the end of paper a four tiers model for new provinces is elucidated, that model was used in Papua New Guinea. Pakistan by administration has same structure like Papua New Guinea. According to model there should be an independent commission or entity, Parliament and Ministries role for decision making. However, one day we have to make decision for new provinces either it is done earlier or later. Pakistan government should realign boundaries of all provinces with political consensus .An independent commission should form for new provinces which should frame basic criteria for current and new provinces for a permanent solution. Also it is recommended that a just principle in the form of a policy decision is the need of hour, taking on board all the parties, ensuring the division to satisfy the grievances of all stakeholders. The role of higher education in the progress of a society is indispensable. It shapes up the minds, mold behaviors and develops distinctive capabilities in the human being to serve the society better. Higher Education in the Arab World began to emerge and spread after the mid-twentieth century. There is a dearth of empirical research pertinent to the employee performance in general and employee performance in higher education. This condition had therefore illuminated a significant gap in the education sector of KSA that tends to focus on overall sectoral problems and organizational level problems in respect to job performance. Thus, the present study may contribute to the existing literature on Public Sector Universities in KSA through proposed a research model which has not received much attention.
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Gould, W. T. S. "Axline, W. Andrew, "Decentralisation and Development Policy: Provincial Government and the Planning Process in Papua New Guinea" (Book Review)." Third World Planning Review 9, no. 4 (November 1987): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/twpr.9.4.0287171t3h345605.
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Polume-Kiele, Hitelai. "The governance of natural resources: Issues affecting better management of revenues and distribution of benefits within Papua New Guinea." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (September 10, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2014.3850.
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Papua New Guinea is rich in natural resources, including minerals, oil, gas, timber and fish, and cash crops such as coffee, palm oil, cocoa, copra, rubber, tea and spices which contribute significantly to Papua New Guinea’s overall development. Several mining, oil and gas companies are currently operating in Porgera, Ok Tedi, Lihir, Hidden Valley, Sinivit, Simberi, Tolukuma, Kutubu and Gobe. The operations of these companies have generated an estimated K13.42 billion to Papua New Guinea’s economy. Landowners affected by these developments also receive royalties from those operations. However this wealth has not been translated into tangible human development across the country, as shown in persistently poorly performing social indicators. Instead income from the exploitation of natural resources is being used in unplanned projects and not focused on the delivery of core social functions, such as the provision of a stable and non-distorting policy aimed at building and sustaining the development of a modern market, and legislative and regulatory frameworks, social services, social security and social infrastructure which would lead to the improvement in the delivery of essential services to all Papua New Guineans. There is widespread evidence of benefits not being distributed to all landowners. Landowners are yet to fulfil their aspirations regarding these developments and to see improvements in their living standards. This paper discusses two case studies: the Porgera and Lihir mines, outlining the landowners associations’ experiences, which illustrate issues of governance and management of the distribution of benefit flows from the exploitation of Papua New Guinea’s natural resource wealth.The focus of the article’s discussion is on governance and management issues that affect the distribution of benefits, delivery of essential services to rural areas of PNG, stability within government, and the expectations of landowners.
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Wright, Huntley. "Economic or Political Development: The Evolution of "Native" Local Government Policy in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, 1945-1963." Australian Journal of Politics and History 48, no. 2 (June 2002): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8497.00258.
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Sunarya, Abas, and Sudaryono Sudaryono. "The Strategic Issues Of Economic Development Of Border Area Of Indonesia - Malaysia." CICES 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2016): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/cices.v2i2.221.
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On the land, Indonesia is bordered by three countries: Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Timor Leste.Whereas, in Indonesia sea area bordered by 10 countries: India, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand,Vietnam, Philippines, the Republic of Palau, Australia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea. Most ofthe border region in Indonesia is still an underdeveloped area with less facilities and infrastructure ofsocial and economic. Formulation of the problem are: 1. How do the condition of the socio-economicand culture in the border of Indonesia - Malaysia? 2. What is the condition of infrastructure in theborder and what is the urgent infrastructure to be built? 3. What are policy and strategy of theIndonesian government of the border of society development between Indonesia (Entikong) andMalaysia (Sarawak)? The purpose of writing are: 1. Comparing the condition of the socio-economicand culture of border both Indonesia and Malaysia. 2. Comparing the condition of the infrastructureof border both Indonesia and Malaysia and determining the infrastructure to be built. 3. Describingthe Indonesian government policy and strategy in development acceleration of economic society in theborder between Indonesia, especially Entikong Sub-District of Sanggau Regency West Kalimantanand Malaysia (Sarawak). Although, the commitment and the governments policy have given a higherpriority in the reorientated development of border, which those of security (security approach) into awelfare orientation (prosperity approach), but overall, the issue of society development in Indonesiaborder, especially the District Entikong Sanggau Regency West Kalimantan and Malaysia (Sarawak)so far can be said that are still not getting proportional attention. The indication, though a variety ofpolicies, regulations or laws relating to efforts to accelerate economic development of border societieshave been made. Various issues and problems are faced by the border, both land and sea borders canbe solved by more focused and targeted on six aspects, these are policy, economic and socio-cultural,defense and security, natural resources management, institutional and management authority, as wellas cooperation inter nations.
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Billings, Peter. "Irregular Maritime Migration and the Pacific Solution Mark II: Back to the Future for Refugee Law and Policy in Australia?" International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 20, no. 2 (2013): 279–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02002007.
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Following a rise in the number of irregular maritime arrivals seeking refugee protection in Australia, and two successful legal challenges to their refugee processing policies, the Labor Government has resuscitated notorious aspects of the ‘Pacific Solution’ as part of a ‘no advantage’ policy. This strategy seeks to deter ‘irregular’ asylum seekers by treating them no more favourably than refugees seeking protection from overseas awaiting entry to Australia through regular refugee/humanitarian channels. In furtherance of this ‘no advantage’ policy, extra-territorial processing on Nauru and Papua New Guinea has been re-introduced and ‘excision’ provisions are to be extended to mainland Australia placing the continent outside of its ‘migration zone’ and, therefore, asylum seekers beyond the regular laws and processes for protection seekers. This article analyses the seismic shifts in asylum seeker policy that have occurred in Australia over the recent past and the politics underpinning them.
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Alunaza, Hardi, Ireng Maulana, and Adityo Darmawan Sudagung. "The Pacific Solution as Australia Policy towards Asylum Seeker and Irregular Maritime Arrivals (IMAs) in John Howard Era." Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional 14, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v14i1.2789.61-75.
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<p>This research is attempted to answer the question of why John Howard used the Pacific Solution as Australian policy towards Asylum Seekers and Irregular Maritime Arrivals (IMAS). By using the descriptive method with a qualitative approach, the researchers took a specific interest in decision-making theory and sovereignty concept to analyze the phenomena. The policy governing the authority of the Australian Government in the face of the Asylum Seeker by applying multiple strategies to suppress and deter IMAs. The results of this research indicate that John Howard used Pacific Solution with emphasis on three important aspects. First, eliminating migration zone in Australia. Second, building cooperation with third countries in the South Pacific, namely Nauru and Papua New Guinea in shaping the center of IMAs defense. On the other hand, Howard also made some amendments to the Migration Act by reducing the rights of refugees. Immigrants who are seen as a factor of progress and development of the State Australia turned into a new dimension that threatens economic development, security, and socio-cultural. </p>
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Troath, Sian. "Prospects for Australian-Led Regional Cooperation On Asylum Seeker and Refugee Issues." Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajis.5.2.105-128.2016.
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The nomination of former Refugee High Commissioner Antonio Guterres for Secretary-General, the ongoing and intensifying condemnations of Australia’s offshore detention centres on human rights grounds, and the ruling of the Papua New Guinea Supreme Court regarding detention centres on Manus Island, indicate that the Australian government needs a new policy on asylum-seekers. The domestic political demand for a deterrence-based, “no advantage”, tough on borders approach means that the only way to achieve this would be through regional cooperation, which would be impossible without the cooperation of Indonesia. Analysing why there is such strong involvement of domestic politics on this issue, even to the detriment of the bilateral relationship with Indonesia, is vital to understanding how to improve the relationship and foster regional cooperation on asylum seekers. While reaching a broad cooperative agreement on asylum seekers in general would be far too difficult, the Rohingya refugee crisis presents a specific case on which regional cooperation could be built. If successful, this would serve as a building-block for deeper and more sustained regional cooperation on asylum seekers
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Crabtree, Susan, and Hilary Clare Tolley. "Governance for maternal and neonatal health." International Journal of Health Governance 23, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-06-2017-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on a postdoctoral research study examining the importance of multi-level leadership and health governance for ensuring the implementation of national and provincial health sector strategies that aim to improve maternal and neonatal health (MNH) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design/methodology/approach A descriptive-interpretive qualitative, institutional approach was undertaken to explore the impact of provincial and district governance mechanisms on the delivery of MNH services in two districts in East New Britain Province (ENBP), Papua New Guinea (PNG). Data were collected from 12 key informants. Informants were selected on the basis of their direct involvement in health system management and deployment of health at provincial and district health governance levels. Findings The analysis revealed alignment between global strategies and national and provincial policy, suboptimal provincial government support related to implementation of policy, divergent data between districts and a disconnect between the local governance mechanisms and a donor-funded initiative for raising midwifery education. Research limitations/implications This qualitative study was limited by the small sample size and does not claim to be representative of ENBP or other provinces in PNG. Originality/value This paper contributes empirical evidence to the literature on health policy, leadership and governance for MNH, by recognising and exploring the formal and informal rules at play in a given context, and examining how they are made, changed, monitored and enforced. These insights are critical to understanding how the system actually functions (or not) to implement MNH strategies in LMICs.
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McPhail, Ken, Robert Ochoki Nyamori, and Savitri Taylor. "Escaping accountability: a case of Australia’s asylum seeker policy." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 29, no. 6 (August 15, 2016): 947–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2014-1639.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address two questions: first, what contracts, instruments and accounting activities constitute Australia’s offshore asylum seeker processing policy in practice? Second, how are notions of legitimacy and accountability mediated through the network constituted by this policy? Design/methodology/approach – The paper is located in the critical interpretivist approach to accounting research. It is based on an exhaustive documentary analysis. Policy documents, contract documents, records of parliamentary inquiries (Hansard) and legislation were analysed drawing on a network policy perspective. Findings – The paper finds that the Australian Government has sought to escape its accountability obligations by employing a range of approaches. The first of these approaches is the construction of a network involving foreign states, private corporations and non-government organizations. The second is through a watered down accountability regime and refusal to be accountable for the day-to-day life of asylum seekers in offshore processing centres through a play with the meaning of “effective control”. Yet while the policy network seems designed to create accountability gaps, the requirement within the network to remain financially accountable undermines the governments claims not to be responsible for the conditions in the detention camps. Research limitations/implications – The paper focuses largely on the period starting from when Kevin Rudd became Prime Minister to the death in Papua New Guinea of asylum seeker Reza Barati on 17 February 2014. Earlier periods are beyond the scope of this paper. Practical implications – The paper will result in the identification of deficiencies inhuman rights accountability for extra-territorialized and privatised immigration detention and may contribute towards the formulation of effective policy recommendations to overcome such deficiencies. The paper also provides empirical data on, and academic understanding of, immigration detention outsourcing and offshoring. Social implications – The paper will inform debate regarding treatment of unauthorized maritime arrivals and asylum seekers generally. Originality/value – The paper provides the first detailed and full understanding of the way Australia’s offshore asylum seeker processing policy is practiced. The paper also provides an empirical analysis of the way national policy and its associated accountability mechanisms emerge in response to the competing legitimacy claims of the international community and national electorate.
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Sharples, Rachel. "Disrupting State Spaces: Asylum Seekers in Australia’s Offshore Detention Centres." Social Sciences 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10030082.
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The Australian government has spent over a billion dollars a year on managing offshore detention (Budget 2018–2019). Central to this offshore management was the transference and mandatory detention of asylum seekers in facilities that sit outside Australia’s national sovereignty, in particular on Manus Island (Papua New Guinea) and Nauru. As a state-sanctioned spatial aberration meant to deter asylum seekers arriving by boat, offshore detention has resulted in a raft of legal and policy actions that are reshaping the modern state-centric understanding of the national space. It has raised questions of sovereignty, of moral, ethical and legal obligations, of national security and humanitarian responsibilities, and of nationalism and belonging. Using a sample of Twitter users on Manus during the closure of the Manus Island detention centre in October–November 2017, this paper examines how asylum seekers and refugees have negotiated and defined the offshore detention space and how through the use of social media they have created a profound disruption to the state discourse on offshore detention. The research is based on the premise that asylum seekers’ use social media in a number of disruptive ways, including normalising the presence of asylum seekers in the larger global phenomena of migration, humanising asylum seekers in the face of global discourses of dehumanisation, ensuring visibility by confirming the conditions of detention, highlighting Australia’s human rights violations and obligations, and challenging the government discourse on asylum seekers and offshore detention. Social media is both a tool and a vehicle by which asylum seekers on Manus Island could effect that disruption.
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Garnsey, Eliza. "The Right(s) to Remain: Art, Asylum and Political Representation in Australia." Pólemos 16, no. 2 (August 8, 2022): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pol-2022-2014.
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Abstract Thinking about artistic representation as a form of political representation enables a better understanding of what can be seen and said, who has the ability to see it and say it, and how it is possible to know and do politics in different ways. In the case of Australia’s immigration system, this understanding is critical. Australia’s treatment of people seeking asylum and refugees is widely criticised by the international community as violating international human rights and humanitarian laws and norms. The legal and bureaucratic frameworks surrounding refugees in Australia not only render their stories largely invisible but continue to perpetrate harm and suffering which goes unaddressed. In the absence of state protection, artistic representation becomes an important intervention into the practices and narratives surrounding Australia’s treatment of people seeking asylum and refugees. In this article, I explore Hoda Afshar’s video and photographic artwork Remain (2018) which documents the experiences and struggles of a group of stateless men who were left to languish on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, in the aftermath of the Australian government closing its Manus Regional Processing Centre. Remain is one of the only available avenues open to the men to share their stories and to communicate the harm caused by national policy and practices. I argue that the artistic representation of Remain becomes a crucial form of political representation in this aftermath; political representation which would not otherwise be possible.
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Ritchie, Jonathan. "Documents on Australian Foreign Policy: Australia and Papua New Guinea: The Transition to Self‐Government , 1970–1972. Edited by Bruce Hunt and Stephen Henningham (Canberra: UNSW Press: Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2020), pp. liv + 932, 54 colour images, 3 b&w images, 2 tables. AU $89.99 (hb)." Australian Journal of Politics & History 68, no. 1 (March 2022): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12834.
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Ginting, Karnida Retta, Galuh Pancawati, and Budi Priyono. "Empowering Women in Papua New Guinea as Part of the Green Economy." KnE Social Sciences, May 20, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i9.11009.
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The empowerment of women has been shown to have a positive effect on economic growth. Previous studies have established the importance of women in supporting the family economy. Indigenous Papuan women become empowerment agents who have a tangible impact on improving the family economy and society as a whole. In Papua New Guinea, the concept of the green economy has been incorporated into the process of women’s empowerment. Mama Papua, the term for a native Papuan woman from Jayapura City, is a shining example of women’s empowerment achieved through the use of natural products. Mama Papua sell natural products to the city after simple processing. Women as subjects of development, according to this concept, will provide economic benefits while also playing an active role in environmental sustainability. Women and nature play an important role. The concept of a green economy ensures that economic empowerment for women can coexist with environmental protection and preservation. This research examined the interactions that occur during the process of empowering women in Papua who use natural resources. The concept of the green economy maintains traditional ways of processing nature. The research methods used were observation and interviews which were conducted with the provincial Bappeda, representing the Papua City Government, and Mama Papua, representing the Papuan government’s empowerment policy. The researchers conducted field research in the Mama Papua market to observe empowerment practices in action. This was followed by a review of the literature on the interactions between empowerment and the green economy from a variety of sources, including policy documents and journals. Triangulation of sources and data was carried out to ensure the data’s validity and reliability. The process of empowering women was examined through four factors: access, participation, control and benefits. The findings revealed that government access is still restricted to indigenous Papuan women, also known as Mama Papua. Given that levels of poverty in women are higher than in men, this is a form of affirmative action. Women’s aspirations have been accommodated in terms of participation, as evidenced by the presence of the first Mama Papua market in Jayapura, a traditional shopping center that offers a variety of natural products. Women’s representation is a factor that influences the long-term viability of women’s empowerment in Papua New Guinea. The control factor demonstrates that women have more control over government policy than men in the Mama Papua market. With the designation of the Mama Papua market as a tourist destination by the Papua City Government, it can be concluded that the empowerment of women through the use of the green economy was successfully implemented, namely the empowerment of women based on promoting small producers and integrating Papuan businesses and local service providers into the value chain. The success of the green economy concept in empowering women must be maintained. The Government’s expansion of women’s empowerment to the interior of Papua will have a greater impact on the program’s long-term viability. The green economy is a unique idea that should be implemented, especially for Papuan native women whose assets are still underutilized. The Government’s commitment to improving the welfare of Papuan women by making policies that are sustainable and friendly to Papuan women was another finding in this study.
Keywords: poverty, women’s empowerment, green economy
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Hegarty, David. "Governance at the Local Level in Melanesia – Absent the State." Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, May 14, 2009, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/cjlg.v0i0.1099.
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At independence the three Melanesian states of the Pacific Islands region – Papua New Guinea (1975), Solomon Islands (1978) and Vanuatu (1980) – opted for decentralised systems of government. In all cases a three-tier system of national, provincial and local government was introduced, although the specific arrangements and allocation of powers differed substantially. Since that time there has been a good deal of analysis about the policy processes of decentralisation itself and about the effectiveness (or otherwise) of national-level governance in these countries; but until recently little has been written about the lower levels.This short article surveys some of the recent research and commentary on local-level governance relating particularly to Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Solomon Islands. It focuses on both the poor condition of formal local-level government as well as on the rise of informal governance-type activity at the local level which might be described as ‘civil society in formation’.
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Farquhar, Rachael, Annie Dori, Sarah MacCana, Nakapi Tefuarani, Evelyn Lavu, Alyssa Barry, Stephan Karl, Leo Makita, Leanne Robinson, and Moses Laman. "STRIVE PNG: using a partnership-based approach in implementation research to strengthen surveillance and health systems in Papua New Guinea." Health Research Policy and Systems 20, no. 1 (April 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12961-022-00840-3.
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AbstractSuccessful implementation research requires effective and equitable relationships between policy-makers, researchers and implementers to effect evidence-based systems change. However, mainstream research grant models between Global North and Global South institutions often (unintentionally) reinforce power imbalances between partners, which result in missed opportunities for knowledge and learning exchange between policy-makers, researchers and implementers.This case study, centred on the STRIVE PNG project, describes how a partnership-based approach has been used to establish, maintain and review effective and equitable relationships between 13 partner organizations (independent research institutes, government health agencies and public health laboratories) to strengthen surveillance and health systems in Papua New Guinea (PNG). We provide an overview of key terms (with supporting conceptual frameworks), describe selected partnership processes and tools used within the project, and share observations regarding early outcomes achieved through this approach.
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Nakatani, Ryota. "A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change." IMF Working Papers 2019, no. 186 (September 6, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513511047.001.
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A big challenge for the economic development of small island countries is dealing with external shocks. The Pacific Islands are vulnerable to natural disasters, climate change, commodity price changes, and uncertain donor grants. The question that arises is how should small developing countries formulate a fiscal policy to achieve economic stability and fiscal sustainability when prone to various shocks? We study how natural disasters affect long-term debt dynamics and propose fiscal policy rules that could help insulate the economy from such unexpected shocks. We propose fiscal rules to address these shocks and uncertainties using the example of Papua New Guinea. Our study finds the advantages of expenditure rules, especially a recurrent expenditure rule based on non-resource and non-grant revenue, interdependently determined by government debt and budget balance targets with expected disaster shocks. This paper contributes to the literature and policy dialogue by theoretically analyzing the impact of natural disasters on debt sustainability and proposing fiscal rules against natural disasters and climate changes. Our fiscal policy framework is practically applicable for many developing countries facing increasing frequency and impact of natural disasters and climate change. Our rules-based fiscal framework is crucial for sustainable and countercyclical macroeconomic policies to build resilience against devastating natural hazards.
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Ceaser, Kimbugwe, Davis Tim, Goff Fraser, Greggio Ellen, Chanthet Sokhadeva, and Kiap Benjamin. "Strengthening country-led water and sanitation services monitoring and data use for decision-making: lessons from WaterAid experience in four countries." H2Open Journal, May 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.028.
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Abstract Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are fundamental human rights, of critical importance to health, education, wellbeing, and economic prosperity. To fulfil these human rights and drive progress towards universal and sustainable access to WASH services, government service-level monitoring processes and data use are vital for effective decision-making and accountability. Despite increasing sector efforts to improve WASH data access, there is limited evidence of this translating into effective data use to inform effective planning for equitable access and budgeting and of the factors affecting this. Four case studies where WaterAid has worked with national government and sector stakeholders to strengthen WASH monitoring processes in Uganda, Cambodia, Papua New Guinea (PNG), and Myanmar were analysed through an analytical framework to understand the impact of different factors and related system-strengthening activities towards outcomes of increased data coordination, timely and relevant data availability and data use to inform decision-making in WASH service delivery. The analysis highlighted that strengthening activities aiming at improving indicators, data collection and analysis, and the type of data collection and visualisation technology have a direct impact on improving WASH sector coordination and timely data availability. However, to ensure strengthening activities support data use for decision-making, they need to be developed from within and adapt to the on-going wider political economy systems evolution, including formal processes such as decentralisation and evolving informal political drivers.
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Hill, Genia. "From Global to Local." Case Studies in the Environment 5, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2021.1434919.
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The Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea, conducted an independence referendum in 2019, which resulted in the region seeking a pathway to complete independence. One of the requirements in establishing independence is ensuring “good governance,” an important facet of which is establishing a stable and adequate food supply. This is framed globally as achieving Sustainable Development Goal Two (SDG #2) to end hunger and malnutrition. This article seeks to assess the measures that government and major donors have taken to implement SDG #2 in Bougainville using a pressure-state-response framework and desktop-based risk assessment to identify areas for further work. The investigation aims to identify effective policy focus areas in order to better implement SDG #2, namely, prioritising civil conflict avoidance, facilitating adaptation planning for climate regime shifts, and ensuring sustainable agricultural intensity and fisheries extraction. Based on these, recommendations for good governance include sustainable and equitable long-term interventions that reduce the risk of political disturbance and environmental degradation. As a result of engaging in this case, readers will be able to apply similar methodologies to inform development decisions in postconflict contexts. Bougainville faces similar challenges to many Pacific islands, including the impacts from climate change, food insecurity, conflict, population growth, and changing land tenure. This case can be extrapolated to these greater contexts.