Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wages Cost-of-living adjustments Australia

Academic literature on the topic 'Wages Cost-of-living adjustments Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wages Cost-of-living adjustments Australia"

1

Peetz, David. "The Safety Net, Bargaining and the Role of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission." Journal of Industrial Relations 40, no. 4 (December 1998): 533–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569804000403.

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In a policy environment dominated by enterprise bargaining, adjustment of the wages safety net is influenced by a number of factots including the effects of raising award rates on productivity, equity, the incidence of bargaining, wage outcomes from enter prise bargaining and employment. Our understanding of many of these issues has been affected by changes during the 1990s in the relationship between the award safety net and actual wages, by new research and by growing experience of the interaction between award wages and monetary policy. The efficacy of flat rate safety net adjustments in promoting equity is naw also open to challenge. By late in the 1990s the Australian Industrial Relations Commission was in a better position to give effect to its social obligations than it had been at any earlier time in the decade, and to ensure that award rates kept pace in the longer run with changes in community living standards.
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Grimes, Donald R., Penelope B. Prime, and Mary Beth Walker. "Geographical Variation in Wages of Workers in Low-Wage Service Occupations: A U.S. Metropolitan Area Analysis." Economic Development Quarterly 33, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242419836493.

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Low-wage, service-providing occupations accounted for almost half of all U.S. net job growth between 2006 and 2016. The authors study the variation in wages of low-wage service employees across U.S. metropolitan statistical areas, using cross-sectional estimations for 2016 for the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile wage rates. New data are used to examine the impact of different cost-of-living adjustments on model results, arguing that the preferred adjustment separates housing costs from other costs. The main results are that strong labor market conditions positively contribute to real wages in most of the categories; minimum wages contribute positively to the 10th percentile of four occupations with evidence of influencing higher wages in the 50th and 90th percentiles; and using the authors’ cost-of-living adjustment and controlling for housing costs, the presence of an educated population did not substantially raise wages in the four low-wage, low-skill occupations.
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3

Donato, Ronald, and Jeffrey Richardson. "Diagnosis-based risk adjustment and Australian health system policy." Australian Health Review 30, no. 1 (2006): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah060083.

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Diagnosis-based risk adjustment is increasingly seen as an important tool for establishing capitation payments and evaluating appropriateness and efficiency of services provided and has become an important area of research for many countries contemplating health system reform. This paper examines the application of a risk-adjustment method, extensively validated in the United States, known as diagnostic cost groups (DCG), to a large Australian hospital inpatient data set. The data set encompassed hospital inpatient diagnoses and inpatient expenditure for the entire metropolitan population residing in the state of New South Wales. The DCG model was able to explain 34% of individual-level variation in concurrent expenditure and 5.2% in subsequent year expenditure, which is comparable to US studies using inpatient-only data. The degree of stability and internal consistency of the parameter estimates for both the concurrent and prospective models indicate the DCG methodology has face validity in its application to NSW health data sets. Modelling and simulations were conducted which demonstrate the policy applications and significance of risk adjustment model(s) in the Australian context. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using large individual-level data sets for diagnosis-based risk adjustment research in Australia. The results suggest that a research agenda should be established to broaden the options for health system reform.
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4

Green, Roy. "The ‘Death’ of Comparative Wage Justice in Australia." Economic and Labour Relations Review 7, no. 2 (December 1996): 224–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469600700205.

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This paper examines the concept and application of comparative wage justice in the transition to a more decentralised wage bargaining system in Australia. Although it is widely assumed that comparative wage justice now has little or no role in the system, the paper demonstrates that it continues to be major factor in the adjustment of wage rates within and between awards, particularly as a result of the national wage case decisions of 1988–89. The question still to be determined is whether it will also have an application to the growing disparities between the award wage structure on the one hand and the outcomes of enterprise bargaining on the other, which are addressed in the ACTU's 1996 ‘New Living Wage Case’. The conclusion of the paper is that failure to apply the concept to these disparities will transform awards and tribunals into a ‘low pay ghetto’ with diminishing relevance to the overall dynamic of wage fixation.
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Malek, Sharafat, and Md Humayun Kabir Talukder. "Medical Migration: a review on the licensing process for International Medical Graduates in Australia and other destinations." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education 9, no. 1 (April 2, 2018): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjme.v9i1.36236.

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Movement of health care professionals, nationally or internationally, has now become a common trend worldwide. International recruitment of efficient physicians is an ongoing process for years although some studies have identified this culture as an issue.10-11 Waves of migration to popularly Australia under ‘Skilled Migration’ and other categories started in Bangladesh in early 1970, which have been ongoing since then.1 Among over thirty thousands of such migrants living in the popularly Australian States2; the medical graduates from Bangladesh are identified through their associations/forum made in each State as well as from the data on their participation in the re-accreditation examinations.3-4, 7-8 A lack of pre-migration awareness on social and academic barriers in the host country has been found far more common in the Australian International Medical Graduates’ (IMGs) studies published before 20045. Poor knowledge on the hurdles may affect IMGs’ post-migration coping or adjustment process. Fortunately, internet facilities are widely available so, modern IMGs no more need to rely on information from relatives, friends or high commission/embassy people. Yet, full access to career and job related journals could still be out of reach for many IMGs. Updated clear knowledge around licenselegislation at the destination would help IMGs gaining smoother transition whilst preparing to build the same career, albeit in a different system. This review article at first presents the background behind strict regulations on permitting the IMGs to practise in major destinations. It then progresses with reviewing these regulations in the developed countries including Australia. Following that a detailed summary has been made on the Australian regulations. Available literature6-8 demonstrates a large discrepancy between IMGs’ success rates in the knowledge and practical part of the licensing (Australian Medical Council) process (i.e. 80% vs. 42% in case of Bangladeshi-IMGs). Therefore, this paper has properly discussed the nature and structure of the practical (AMC-Clinical) examination incorporating examples. Useful web-links on Australian IMGs’ accreditation preparation, permanent migration and finding medical jobs have been provided at relevant sections. Finally, a recommendation has been made to teach 3rd-year medical students on this important area under the ‘Community Medicine’ curriculum in Bangladesh.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.9(1) 2018: 26-34
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6

Saleh, Iraj. "Estimating Shadow Wage Rates for Economic Project Appraisal." Pakistan Development Review 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i3pp.253-266.

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One of the central concerns in cost benefit analysis is the adjustment of distortions in markets to provide a better guide to a more effective allocation of scarce resources. The objectives of this paper are to develop a model for the estimation of the shadow wage rate (SWR) for groups of occupations and to estimate the SWRs for the major groups of occupations in Australia. The main findings of the analysis indicate that estimated SWRs for major groups of occupations are different from the corresponding market wage rates, and that estimated SWRs of the groups are different. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of estimation of the SWR as a part of the appraisal process of investment projects. The ratio analysis indicates the significance of the difference between SWR and market wage rate, which is recommended to be adjusted is economic analysis of projects.
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7

del Pozo de Bolger, Andrea, Debra Dunstan, and Melissa Kaltner. "An exploratory study on open adoptions from foster care in NSW, Australia: Adoptees’ psychosocial functioning, adoptive relationships, post-adoption contact and supports." International Social Work 64, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818808343.

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This is an exploratory study focused on open adoptions from foster care conducted through the public child protection agency in New South Wales, Australia. The results from an online survey completed by 23 respondents indicated that most of the adoptees were reportedly in the normative range of adjustment, had positive relationships with their adoptive parents and had ongoing contact with their birth families. Most of the adoptive parents had received pre-adoption supports to encourage post-adoption contact. These preliminary results are encouraging, but larger and preferably longitudinal studies are needed to guide decision-making regarding adoptions from foster care. The new challenge for the child welfare system is how to collect reliable data about the well-being of children already living in this permanent type of care and how best to support them.
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8

Welberry, Heidi, Margo Linn Barr, Elizabeth J. Comino, Ben F. Harris-Roxas, Elizabeth Harris, and Mark Fort Harris. "Increasing use of general practice management and team care arrangements over time in New South Wales, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 2 (2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18113.

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The number of older people living with chronic health conditions is increasing in Australia. The Chronic Disease Management (CDM) items program was introduced to the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) to encourage a more structured approach to managing patients with chronic conditions. Initial uptake was slow and recent research has suggested that uptake is decreasing. This paper examines: person MBS CDM claims in NSW between 2006 and 2014 — using baseline survey data (2006–09) from the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study linked to MBS and Death Registry data (2006–14) — and MBS CDM claims per 100000 population — using billing data sourced from the Medicare Australia Statistics website — to systematically examine any changes in uptake using a time-series analysis. After age adjustment, claims for initial plans increased from 11.3% in 2006 to 22.4% in 2014. Increases were also seen for allied health service claims (from 4.1% in 2006 to 20.8% in 2014) and for plan reviews (from 5.9% in 2006 to 16.0% in 2014). These increases were consistent with the MBS summary claims data. There is evidence that these plans are appropriately targeting those in most need; however, there is limited evidence of their effect. Claims for plan reviews, although increasing, are suboptimal and may indicate poor continuity of care.
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9

Martin, John. "Supporting Dynamic Economic Adjustment." National Institute Economic Review 250 (November 2019): R15—R21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011925000112.

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Executive SummaryEconomic policymaking in the UK has historically focussed more on the demand side than on the supply side of the economy. Yet it is on the supply side – the way in which an economy adapts to change while growing productive capacity on a sustainable basis – that medium- to long-term economic performance largely depends. There is an urgent need now to rebalance policy by focussing, in particular, on measures to enhance labour-force productivity, including radically enhanced support for training and skills development.This does not involve wholesale structural reform of the economic framework. The UK benefits from having one of the most flexible economies in the OECD, with competitive product markets, relatively low labour costs and historically high employment levels, accompanied by a so-far-successful adoption of an escalating minimum wage. We suggest that in the post-Brexit era politicians would do well to avoid changes in the regulatory regime that would create undue misalignments with EU standards. Nevertheless, the concomitants of the UK's form of flexibility are a dismal performance on productivity and stagnating living standards. Productivity is now actually falling quarter on quarter ten years after the last economic downturn – a position unprecedented in the past 250 years. This problem must be addressed if the UK is to progress towards fulfilling its economic potential.Central to this are both so-called Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) to provide people who have become unemployed with new skills that help them remain in the workforce, and investments in effective upskilling of mid-career and older workers. ALMPs can help raise average per capita income over time, yet UK spending on this area is well under half the OECD average and a fraction of the sums spent in the more successful Nordic economies, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Australia. The UK's many attempts to develop new training and apprenticeship schemes in recent decades have been dogged by poor quality and a lack of support from employers and labour unions. This needs to change: we propose a concerted effort to raise UK spending on ALMPs to the OECD average, especially for 16–24 year-olds. Improving labour-force mobility – for example by radically improving availability of affordable housing – is also critical. Structural reforms of this kind will require sustained political effort and support.
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10

CHEN, Y., K. GLASS, B. LIU, T. V. RILEY, R. KORDA, and M. D. KIRK. "A population-based longitudinal study of Clostridium difficile infection-related hospitalization in mid-age and older Australians." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 3 (October 26, 2016): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816002260.

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SUMMARYClostridium difficile is the principal cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalized patients. We investigated the incidence and risk factors for hospitalization due to C. difficile infection (CDI) in older Australians. We linked data from a population-based prospective cohort study (the 45 and Up Study) of 266 922 adults aged ⩾45 years recruited in New South Wales, Australia to hospitalization and death records for 2006–2012. We estimated the incidence of CDI hospitalization and calculated days in hospital and costs per hospitalization. We also estimated hazard ratios (HR) for CDI hospitalization using Cox regression with age as the underlying time variable. Over a total follow-up of 1 126 708 person-years, 187 adults had an incident CDI hospitalization. The crude incidence of CDI hospitalization was 16·6/100 000 person-years, with a median hospital stay of 6 days, and a median cost of AUD 6102 per admission. Incidence increased with age and year of follow-up, with a threefold increase for 2009–2012. After adjustment, CDI hospitalization rates were significantly lower in males than females (adjusted HR 0·6, 95% confidence interval 0·4–0·7). CDI hospitalization rates increased significantly over 2009–2012. There is a need to better understand the increasing risk of CDI hospitalization in women.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wages Cost-of-living adjustments Australia"

1

Taylor, G. Stephen. "The role of relevant others in the determination of fair pay." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49939.

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Although scholars may disagree about the effectiveness of using money to motivate workers, few would deny the deleterious effects caused by employee perceptions of underpayment. Yet little is known about the process(es) through which individuals determine whether or not their pay is fair. Indeed, knowledge in this area largely is limited to the awareness that fair pay is a relative concept. That is, individuals judge the equity of pay not from the absolute size of the wage, but rather through comparisons of their wages to those of other people. In addition, pay referents such as the cost of living, also are used to evaluate pay. This use of relevant others is known as the social comparison process. This study investigated the relationship between certain attitudinal and job-related characteristics of 206 individuals, and their reactions to 18 different pay comparisons. It was determined that respondents' attitudes toward the organization's wage distribution rule, level of aspiration, desire for external movement (to other employers), and social interaction were related to the way individuals view these comparisons. A structural variable--job tenure--was not found to have a statistically significant association with the social comparison process. Unlike the six previous studies of this issue, this analysis was framed within the context of a theoretical model. Specifically, Goodman's two-stage model for the selection of pay referents was used to generate the variables of interest, the subsequent research hypotheses, and as a backdrop against which the results of the analysis could be interpreted. Perhaps the most significant result of this study was finding rather marked temporal stability of pay comparisons. Test-retest analyses showed that over a 3-month period only 5 of 54 pay comparisons demonstrated a statistically significant change in terms of the frequency with which they were reportedly made, the importance ascribed to each comparison, or in terms of the satisfaction felt with each comparison. Finding this element of stability suggests that equity theory may have been prematurely abandoned as a research paradigm.
Ph. D.
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2

Singleton, Gwynneth. "The Labour movement and incomes policy : origins and development of the accord." Phd thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/129771.

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The Hawke Labor government was elected for its third term of office in 1987. It owes much of this success to its Accord with the Australian Council of Trade Unions. The purpose of this thesis is to elucidate what consolidates and sustains the bargained bipartite relationship that is the core of the Accord and central to its viability as a cooperative incomes strategy for the industrial and political wings of the Australian labour movement. The thesis begins with an examination of what the Federal Parliamentary Labor Party and the ACTU each sought to achieve from a co-operative incomes policy. The following chapters trace the origins and development of the Accord, beginning with the difficulties that arose between the Whitlam Labor government and the ACTU that prevented any similar agreement. The post-Whitlam period brought about a change in attitude by both the unions and the FPLP that made the Accord possible. The thesis examines the reasons why Australian unions changed their approach from maintaining living standards primarily through nominal increases to the industrial wage to embrace a collective centralised incomes strategy that included the industrial wage, employment and the social wage. The effective point of wage negotiation then lay with the ACTU. This thesis examines the basis of ACTU wages policy and the reasons why the strategies that were pursued to gain its implementation failed. This failure led directly to the Accord with the FPLP. The following two chapters examine the reasons why and how the FPLP reached similar conclusions about the necessity for a collective incomes policy with the unions in 1979 and the subsequent negotiations that brought them to formal agreement on the Accord with the ACTU in 1983. The Accord has proved to be a flexible process that remains relevant nearly six years after its inception. The operations and renegotiations of the Accord that have occurred over this period are examined to determine why this has been possible. A discussion about the relevance of corporatism to the Accord follows. This concludes that, while there may be some aspects of corporatism that can be related to the Accord process, the imprecise nature of corporatist theory raises doubts about its utility as an explanation for the bargained bipartite relationship that is the essence of the Accord. It is suggested that it is more satisfactory to regard the Accord as a contemporary embodiment of traditional Australian labourism; that is, the balancing of economic, electoral and social objectives by the trade union movement and the ALP to achieve what is politically and economically possible through Labor in government.
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Books on the topic "Wages Cost-of-living adjustments Australia"

1

Vance, Mary A. Cost of living adjustments: A bibliography. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1987.

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2

Sanjeev, Gupta, and Birla Institute of Scientific Research. Economic Research Division., eds. Cost of living adjustment: A study of dearness allowance. New Delhi: Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Economic Research Division, 1986.

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3

Card, David E. An empirical model of wage indexation provisions in union contracts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986.

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Hajra, S. Wage indexation and inflation in India: A study of impact of D.A. on inflation. New Delhi: Economic and Scientific Research Foundation, 1992.

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C, Luis Riveros. Wage and employment policies in Czechoslovakia. Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): Education and Employment, Population and Human Resources Dept., World Bank, 1991.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Keeping up with a changing economy: Indexing the minimum wage : hearing of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session ... March 14, 2013. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015.

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7

Neto, Giacomo Balbinotto. A indexação salarial: Teoria e evidência. Rio de Janeiro: [BNDES], Gabinete da Presidência, Departamento de Relações Institucionais, 1991.

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Neto, Giacomo Balbinotto. A indexação salarial: Teoria e evidência. Rio de Janeiro: [BNDES], Gabinete da Presidência, Departamento de Relações Institucionais, 1991.

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Valdés, César A. León. El derecho y el revés de los ajustes por inflación: Lo que todo ejecutivo debe conocer sobre el sistema de ajustes por inflación vigente en Colombia. Santafé de Bogotá: VHS Editores, 1993.

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10

Braun, Rüdiger. Stabilitäts- und verteilungspolitische Aspekte eines Inflationsausgleichs für Arbeitnehmereinkommen. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1991.

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