Journal articles on the topic 'Wages and labor productivity – Russia'
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1
Kapeliushnikov, R. "Labor Productivity versus Labor Compensation:Some Simple arithmetic." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 3 (March 20, 2014): 36–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2014-3-36-61.
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The paper explores the “race” between wages and labor productivity in the contemporary Russian economy. It continues the author’s previous research where the same problem was examined for the earlier period of 1997-2007. The analysis focuses on dynamics in labor productivity and labor compensation during the economic crisis of 2008-2009 and subsequent years. The author shows that conventional wisdom implying that in Russia wages persistently increase at much higher annual rates than productivity is wrong: over 1997-2012 there was no stable relationship and waves of faster wage growth alternated with waves of faster productivity growth. However in the long run productivity outpaced labor compensation. As a result in 2011-2012 real unit labor costs for Russian firms were even lower than in the mid of the 1990s or in the beginning of the 2000s.
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Shanygin, S. I., and E. I. Zuga. "Wages and Labor Productivity in Russia: Regional Aspect." Economics and Management, no. 10 (December 18, 2019): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2019-10-39-49.
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The presented study examines the statistics of labor productivity and wages in the Russian Federation.Aim. The study aims to analyze trends in the changes of labor productivity and wages in Russia in the territorial and temporal aspects.Tasks. This study examines and compares the dynamics of wages and labor productivity in Russia, identifying the specific regional features of their fluctuation.Methods. The authors conduct a statistical research of the current situation in Russia as well as a dynamic, correlation, and structural analysis based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, and formulate economic assessments of the results from the perspective of the systems approach.Results. The study substantiates that it is inadvisable to traditionally exclude anomalous data in the statistical research of economic systems as this leads to unacceptable changes in the structures of the latter. The authors propose comparing these systems by enlarged structural elements. Some common Russian trends in the changes of labor productivity and wage levels in time and space are analyzed and specified by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Consistent patterns in the dynamics of annual frequency distributions and variations of these indicators by regions, districts, and republics of the Russian Federation are described, and the leading and underperforming regions are identified.Conclusions. Over the examined time period, labor productivity in Russia grew with slight fluctuations, while average wages only increased during economically favorable periods (in constant prices). The overall situation in the country is slowly improving and remains relatively stable in the regional aspect, but not the best. It would be advisable to implement economic mechanisms aimed at improving the self-sufficiency of the country and its regions. The authors believe the current methodology of the Federal Statistics Service to be applicable to the measurement of performance of industrial regions and — to a lesser extent — agricultural regions.
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Vinokurov, Evgeny F. "Wage Dynamics and Economic Growth: Russian Realities." Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 4 (December 29, 2021): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33293/1609-1442-2021-4(95)-68-77.
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The article deals with the relationship between the economic growth of Russia and the dynamics of average wages. A joint analysis of wages, GDP, salary output and labor productivity in the Russian Federation for the period 2000–2019 was carried out. The type and parameters of the regression equations connecting these indicators are determined. The analysis allows us to conclude that it is advisable to increase real wages, despite the accompanying slow growth of labor productivity and a decrease in salary. The main argument in favor of this statement is the multiplicative effect that occurs when the average salary in the economy increases. The paper shows that the increase in wages, in addition to the usually taken into account direct multiplicative effect, determined by an increase in the disposable income of the population, there is an additional induced multiplicative effect. The induced effect is explained by the increase in economic activity of the population proved on the Russian statistics with the growth of wages, which leads to an increase in the number of employees, and hence the wage fund and, accordingly, personal disposable income. Thus, by increasing wages, it is possible to improve the financial situation of the employed population, attract additional labor resources to the economy, and achieve GDP growth. The article presents calculations that allow us to estimate the contribution of the direct and induced multiplicative effect to the GDP of Russia for the period of 2000–2017. Based on these calculations, it can be argued that in the Russian Federation at the beginning of the XXI century, the gross domestic product, due to the multiplicative effect of changes in average wages in the first year after such a change, increased or decreased in some years by 6–7%. Although the induced multiplicative effect, as it turned out, is relatively small, there is no reason to neglect it. At the current very low rate of GDP growth, one has to take into account every tenth of a percent of such growth, and calculations have shown that the induced effect calculated for the first year after the change in wages in the period under review reached 0,6% of GDP. The calculations also showed that due to the increase in labor activity associated with an increase in the average salary, the number of people employed in the “white” labor market in Russia in some years increased by about 1%.
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Басовская, Елена, Elena Basovskaya, Леонид Басовский, and Leonid Basovskiy. "The Impact of Labor Remuneration and the Differentiation of Household Income on Labor Productivity in the Regions of Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 7, no. 4 (September 3, 2019): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d53b2cd2ab7b5.00704502.
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The models of regions, econometric based on crosscutting statistics, have established that wages and the differentiation of household incomes have a significant impact on labor productivity in the regions of modern Russia. Changes in the level of remuneration and differentiation of incomes of the population in recent years explain 78–82% of changes in labor productivity in the regions, and the effect of the level of remuneration is twice the impact of the differentiation of incomes of the population. The impact of wages on productivity in the period grows. This indicates an increase in the efficiency of labor as a production factor. The influence of income differentiation on labor productivity, which had previously been lost due to the formation of an unfavorable institutional environment under the laws adopted in the country, resumed. The impact of income differentiation decreases, which indicates a decrease in its stimulating effect on labor productivity.
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Beztelesna, Lyudmila. "PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT OF LABOR: THE MACROECONOMIC ASPECT." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4717.
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Proved that is competitive and the economy, which provided faster growth of labor productivity growth over wages. Identified an urgent need to manage productivity in modern conditions. Reflected the negative effects of liberal economic reforms in Russia and Kazakhstan. Showing weather hit countries in a trap average income. On the basis of experience of competitive economies necessity to stimulate productivity growth based on public-private partnership.
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Basovskiy, Leonid, and Elena Basovskaya. "Production Functions of Labor Productivity in Modern Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 10, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2022-10-1-32-35.
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To identify the determinants of labor productivity, estimates of the relationship between labor productivity and indicators reflecting the influence of a wide range of socio-economic and innovative factors in the regions of Russia for 2015-2018 were obtained. For 2018 and the aggregate of data for 2015-2018, according to statistics from 82 regions of Russia, econometric models were built in the form of a standard internally linear function - an analogue of the Cobb-Douglas production function. The resulting models made it possible to establish the following. The capital-labor ratio, average monthly wages, the ratio of funds (indicator of income inequality), innovative activity of organizations and exports have a significant positive effect on labor productivity in the region. The number of researchers with advanced degrees and the import of machinery and equipment have a significant negative impact on labor productivity in the region. The negative impact on labor productivity in the number of researchers with advanced degrees is associated with problems caused by the command and control principles of science and education management. The ineffectiveness of the import of machinery and equipment testifies to the imperfection of foreign economic relations.
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Abdulkhairova, Elzara Musaevna, and Sevil Eskenderovna Bekirova. "CYCLIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WAGES, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND HUMAN CAPITAL QUALITY." Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment., no. 2 (51) (2020): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2312-5330-2020-2-127-133.
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The article assesses the dependence of wages on factors that have a predominant effect on wage dynamics. The cyclic relationship between wages, labor productivity and the quality of human capital is analyzed. The criteria for the effectiveness of strategic management are disclosed. The problems of reproduction of human capital are considered. The reasons for the decline in the quality of human capital due to the low level of wages in the Russian economy are revealed. The main directions of achieving balanced growth rates of labor productivity, wages and reproduction of human capital are identified.
8
Басовская and Elena Basovskaya. "Key factors of productivity and wage in modern Russia." Economics 1, no. 2 (June 8, 2013): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/582.
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The main factors of productivity and wages in modern Russia. These factors — capital-labor, the level of education of the employed population and the level of income inequality, employment in the private sector. Built econometric models that assess the impact of these factors. Models explain the productivity by 81% and labor costs — by 76%. Capital-labor ratio, the level of education and income inequality has a positive impact on productivity and labor costs. Private sector employment has a negative impact on productivity and labor costs. The positive impact of inequality is explained by the regularity characteristic of the poorest and the richest countries in the world. This effect is explained by the peculiarities of the institutional environment and social structure. The negative impact of employment in the private sector due to the imperfection of property in the country. Identified regions of the country in which deviations from the revealed laws. The largest deviations are observed in the Kurgan and Sakhalin regions, in the Kamchatka Krai and the Republic of Kalmykia.
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Basovskaya, Elena, and Leonid Basovskiy. "Elasticity of Labor Productivity by Production Factors in the Regions of Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 8, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2020-18-21.
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On the basis of models of production functions with an explanation level of 80-90%, built using cross-sectional data for the regions of the country, partial values of the coefficients of elasticity of labor productivity by production factors were obtained. Partial (regional) values of the coefficients of elasticity of labor productivity are calculated using the particular regression equations of models of production functions. The factors included the capital-labor ratio, wages, the price index of industrial goods, the coefficient of funds (an indicator of income inequality), the share of exports in the gross regional product. The regions are identified in which these factors have the maximum and minimum impact on labor productivity.
10
Savicheva, E. Yu, and V. P. Pavlyuk. "An econometric study of the impact of fixed capital investment on labor productivity." Economics and Management 28, no. 9 (October 2, 2022): 923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2022-9-923-931.
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Aim. The presented study aims to identify the main drivers for increasing labor productivity in the Russian economy.Tasks. Econometric modeling is used to assess the impact of fixed capital investment on labor productivity indicators in Russia and to formulate priority directions for improving labor productivity in Russia.Methods. To achieve the set aim, the authors build an econometric model that makes it possible to assess the dependence of labor productivity rates on regressors such as volume index of fixed capital investment, internal R&D costs, real accrued wages of employees, and depreciation of fixed assets (in percentage points). Data provided by the Federal State Statistics Service serves as the empirical basis of this study. R Studio software is also used.Results. It is established that the volume of fixed capital investment and the degree of depreciation of fixed assets are significant factors that can affect labor productivity rates. The results of the study also suggest that regressors such as real accrued wages of employees and internal R&D costs are insignificant factors.Conclusions. The statement that fixed capital investment serves as a basis for labor productivity growth is substantiated. Therefore, the government’s efforts in the coming years should be aimed at creating favorable conditions for increasing investment spending in the real sector of the economy. The study also focuses on the need to eradicate the phenomenon of the ‘working poor’ and to increase the efficiency of interaction between research centers and the business community.
11
SKHVEDIANI, Angi E., and Kseniya S. KOZHINA. "The textile and garment industries in the Russian regions: Spatial and econometric modeling." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 19, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 1685–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.19.9.1685.
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Subject. The article focuses of the industrial specialization of the Russian regions. Objectives. We test the technique for analyzing the regional industrial specialization with econometric toolkit, referring to the textile and garment industries in Russia. Methods. We conducted the econometric analysis, relying upon spatial panel data on the regional industrial specialization. We used localization coefficients of the metrics, such as revenue from sale of goods, average monthly pay of workers in the given industry, average headcount in the given industry and labor productivity. Results. We discovered that there is a spatial correlation of labor productivity in the textile and garment industries. The localization of those employed in the textile and garment manufacturing has a negative correlation with labor productivity in the regions. We traced a positive correlation of labor productivity in the regions and the localization of workers’ wages. Conclusions. The proven economic analysis technique helps identify and analyze correlations of regional industrial specialization indicators.
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Bukina, I. S., and P. A. Orekhovsky. "Specific features of the Russian Economic Growth Model." Finance: Theory and Practice 22, no. 6 (December 26, 2018): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2018-22-6-6-24.
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The article presents the study of the specific features of the Russian economic growth in 1998–2017. The study objective is to substantiate the growth and decline mechanism in business activity in the Russian economy. This mechanism is determined by the gap in the growth rates of wages and labor productivity in the open economy. Four hypotheses have been formulated: 1) significant cause and effect relationship between exchange rate and economic growth in Russia; 2) wage growth outrunning productivity has a depressing effect on the profitability of the commercial sector; 3) significant differences between the Russian economic growth in 1998–2009 and in 2009–2017, determined by the connection between the excess of the domestic interest rate over the world rate and investments; 4) substantial connection between the domestic interest rate and investment in 1998–2009 which disappeared in 2009–2017. The theoretical analysis and the hypotheses have been based on neoclassical synthesis models. Statistical testing of the hypotheses has been carried out by means of statistical and correlation analysis and methods of econometric analysis of time series. A problem related to wage growth outrunning labor productivity has been identified. Probable significant changes in the Russian growth model in 2018–2020 have been forecasted. They will be caused by the infrastructure development and housing construction. The major conclusion of the study is that there will be a positive effect of the ruble depreciation on labor productivity in the medium term. However, it will be over by the end of 2019 and beginning of 2020. Domestic currency strengthening and outrunning wage growth with the slowing labor productivity reduce the profitability of the commercial sector and put brakes on the economic growth.
13
Basovskiy, Leonid, and Elena Basovskaya. "On the Production Functions of Labor Productivity in the Regions of Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 8, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2020-8-12.
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To identify determinants of labor productivity, correlation relationships were estimated for indicators reflecting the influence of 30 socio-economic and innovative factors in the regions for 2015-2017. Of the 30 factors, for some factors, a significant correlation was found, characterizing their indicators and labor productivity. For these indicators, models of linear production functions were constructed. Modeling made it possible to establish that the following factors have a significant impact on labor productivity: capital productivity, investment, foreign investment, the number of government employees, wages, income inequalities, the number of university faculty, the number of advanced production technologies used, and the consumer price index. The instability of assessing the impact of indicators characterizing the determinants of labor productivity can be explained by two reasons of a different nature. Firstly, the development of the country's economic system at present may in fact be unstable. This problem determines the need for additional research. Secondly, the models obtained by the standard inclusion-exclusion method without taking into account and eliminating the multicollenarity effect can significantly reduce the reliability of estimates obtained by the least common square method. This determines the need to continue work using a more advanced modeling technique.
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Gafarova, E. A. "Econometric Analysis of Factors of Labor Productivity Growth in Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation." Voprosy statistiki 28, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2021-28-2-80-89.
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In the current context of recovery growth in Russia, the urgent task of identifying factors of growth of labor productivity can be solved using econometric methods. Preliminary examination of interregional comparative analysis of dynamics of this crucial economic efficiency index, in the author’s opinion, showed low information content of this approach due to the presence of a low base effect. The author recommends a more realistic approach to the interregional comparative analysis of the labor productivity dynamics and its growth factors on the basisof econometric panel data models.It was revealed that for the period 2010–2018, the growth of labor productivity in the regions of the Russian Federation strongly correlated with dynamic characteristics of industrial production, real wages and physical volume of investments in fixed assets, growth intensity in the share of added value of high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries in GRP. It has been empirically proven that the growth of labor productivity in the regions in the considered interval correlates with a decrease in the number of employees. In addition, an increase in labor productivity is typical for constituent entities of the Russian Federation with high rates of industrial production.The influence of the structure of employed in the economy on the level of education on the growth of labor productivity has not been established, which may indicate the presence of inefficient jobs. Also, the hypothesis that the export-oriented regions of the Russian Federation are highly productive has not been confirmed.In conclusion, taking into account the results of modeling, the author formulated recommendations adjusting focal points of structural changes in the economy, which could boost labor productivity growth.
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Dugarova, Esuna. "Labor Activation, Social Protection and Poverty Reduction: The Case of Russia." Russian Politics 4, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 328–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451-8921-00403003.
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Social protection is an important strategy to protect people from livelihood risks, develop human capital and promote economic growth. Decent work is a core element of social protection and a critical condition for eradicating poverty. Despite high labor force participation and low unemployment, Russia’s labor market shows several negative trends, including working poverty and growing informality. Both are exacerbated by gender disparities and unfavorable demographic shifts. Over the past decade the Russian government has implemented active labor market interventions, and enhanced targeted social protection aimed at promoting employment and reducing poverty. Based on the analysis of key data and programs, the article finds that the country achieved stability in the labor market, but at the cost of deteriorating living standards caused by low levels of productivity and wages.
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Ledeneva, M. V., and A. A. Gutareva. "ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF INDUSTRIAL AND REGIONAL WAGES OF EMPLOYEES IN RUSSIA." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2017-3-52-56.
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The article considers the average monthly real wages and salaries of employees of the Southern Federal District in the period 2013-2016. To assess the types of economic activity from the point of view of remuneration for the year 2016, the data are ranked into four groups, where later, outsider industries and leading spheres of economic activity were identified. In the conditions of the transition economy, one of the topical and acute problems is the problem of labor remuneration, the solution of which predetermines the growth of the material and physical well-being of company personnel, as well as the level and prospects for the development of economic entities in the region. At the same time, it should be noted that the existing system of labor remuneration for firms of various organizational and legal forms of ownership of the Russian Federation does not allow to properly provide a sufficient level of motivation for the staff of organizations, which leads to insufficient labor productivity. Thus, increasing the efficiency of economic entities should be considered through the prism of increasing the level of staff salaries through the economic interest of the personnel of economic entities. The reasons stipulating the problems of sectoral and regional differentiation of labor remuneration in the Russian Federation are considered, and later the ways of solution are suggested.
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Khainish, Stanislav V. "Raising Labor Productivity: from the Shchekino Experiment (1967) to the “Labor Productivity and Employment Support” National Project (2018). What's Next?" Economic Strategies 144, no. 5 (October 20, 2021): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-5.179.2021.78-95.
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The article provides examples of introducing advanced management practices at Russian enterprises, and also describes the experience of highly skilled managers with an adequate to market realities mentality. According to the author, by actively mastering the three “whales” — management, mentality and business culture — we increase labor productivity, and therefore we have every reason to increase the workers' wages, which are unacceptably low today.
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Khainish, Stanislav V. "Raising Labor Productivity: from the Shchekino Experiment (1967) to the “Labor Productivity and Employment Support” National Project (2018). What's Next?" Economic Strategies 144, no. 4 (August 20, 2021): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-4.178.2021.92-103.
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The article provides examples of introducing advanced management practices at Russian enterprises, and also describes the experience of highly skilled managers with an adequate to market realities mentality. According to the author, by actively mastering the three “whales” — management, mentality and business culture — we increase labor productivity, and therefore we have every reason to increase the workers' wages, which are unacceptably low today.
19
Kirdishcheva, D. N., and O. M. Khokhrina. "Statistical scenario of labor productivity development in dairy cattle breeding of the Bryansk region." Agrarian science, no. 12 (January 22, 2023): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-365-12-154-159.
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Relevance. In the context of deglobalization, economic sanctions, and the disintegration of the world economy, the most important socio-economic and political task is to ensure the food and economic security of Russia and its regions. In connection with the new demands of practice caused by the formation of the market mechanism of management, changes in the forms and methods of state support for dairy cattle farming, further research of the problem of increasing the productivity of the industry is required. Methods. The information base of the study was the materials of regional statistics, annual reports of agricultural organizations of the regional agro-industrial complex, data from the consolidated annual report on the totality of the districts of the Bryansk region. The study was conducted on the basis of studying mass data using a set of methods: dialectical, economic-statistical, correlation-regression, computational-constructive, abstract-logical and other methods. Results. Using statistical methods, the authors evaluated the established patterns and trends in the dynamics of labor productivity in dairy cattle farming in the Bryansk region. The growth rates of wages and labor productivity have been determined. The strategy of development of the studied indicator in the future, taking into account the factors affecting its level, is revealed. Significant factors of labor productivity growth in dairy cattle farming are the selling price of 1 ts of milk, the load of cows on 1 operator of machine milking, the stock of labor, the average monthly salary of the operator of machine milking. At the same time, the main reserves of labor productivity growth are laid down in the factors of wages and workload of dairy cattle workers. In the work, based on a multiple regression model, a forecast of labor productivity for the medium term is carried out.
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Basovskiy, Leonid, and Elena Basovskaya. "Production Functions of Labor Productivity in Modern Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 8, no. 3 (June 17, 2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2020-18-22.
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To identify determinants of labor productivity, correlation relationships of productivity of various indicators was evaluated, reflecting the influence of a wide range of socio-economic and innovative factors in the regions of Russia for 2015-2017. It has been established that many indicators characterizing socio-economic and innovative factors do not have a significant relationship with labor productivity and are multicollenarity (they have correlation relationships among themselves). For each year, according to statistics of 82 regions of Russia, econometric models in the form of a well-known standard internal linear function - an analog of the Cobb-Douglas production function are constructed. The obtained models indicate a positive impact on labor productivity, capital-labor ratio, foreign investment, wage levels, income inequality, inflation in industrial goods and export markets. The obtained simulation results showing a significant positive effect on labor productivity exerted by income inequality and the inflation rate on the industrial goods market, which indicates the action of economic mechanisms in the country in developed countries. When performing research, it was found that the positive impact of capital-labor ratio on productivity in 2015-2017 was reduced. This indicates a decrease in the efficiency of use of fixed capital in countries, about the crisis in the country's economy.
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Basovskiy, Leonid, and Elena Basovskaya. "The Elasticity of Labor Productivity by Factors of Production in Modern Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 8, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2020-22-25.
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The correlation between labor productivity and indicators reflecting the influence of socio-economic and innovative factors in the regions of Russia for 2015-2018 were evaluated. For each year, according to statistics from 82 regions of Russia, econometric models are constructed that allow obtaining elasticity coefficients of labor productivity by capital-labor ratio, foreign investment, average monthly wage, income inequality, producer price index of industrial goods, export share in gross regional product. The prospects of economic policy aimed at increasing labor productivity were estimated.
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Ryazanova, G., and P. Tolkachev. "THE EFFICIENT USE OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN RUSSIA IN CONDITIONS OF CATCHING-UP DEVELOPMENT." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 10 (November 28, 2019): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-10-67-72.
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The relationship of labor productivity with other macroeconomic indicators has been analyzed: the level of wages in current prices and taking into account the Paasche deflator index; dynamics of the gross domestic product; the dynamics of the share of food in the consumer basket; the indicators of changes in clean investments, that is a key factor in economic growth in the national economy. On the basis of empirical data, the trends of productivity growth in comparison with the growth of other macroeconomic indicators algebraically and graphically have been shown. It has been concluded, that the development of human resources is necessary, since low productivity is a brake on the economic growth of the country in the conditions of catching-up development.
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Leonova, O. G. "HOW TO MAKE RATIONAL THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LABOR EFFICIENCY AND WAGES GROWTH." World of Transport and Transportation 16, no. 2 (April 28, 2018): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2018-16-2-10.
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For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version). ABSTRACT The article describes a methodical approach to justification of the ratio of growth in labor productivity and wages of transport organizations, depending on the type of development of the organization and the main factors of production (intensive and extensive) that ensure the growth of labor productivity. At the same time, general tendencies are taken into account for the country’s economy and transport complex, and against their background, the development features and innovative potential of enterprises of inland water transport are assessed. The author puts forward own approaches to economic calculations and factor analysis. Keywords: economy, transport complex, inland water transport, labor productivity, wages, methodical approach, intensive and extensive factors, dynamics of growth.
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Samusenko, Svetlana A. "Analysis of the Labour Productivity Impact on Indicators of Economic Growth at the National, Sub-Federal, and Regional Levels." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 55 (2021): 198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/55/12.
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Labour productivity has a predominant impact on economic growth and the rate of postcrisis economic recovery. The increase in labour productivity, in turn, depends on the employed population’s standard of living. A comparative longitude analysis of these indicators’ dynamics reveals the potential for the economic growth of the territory. The historically determined asymmetry in the economic development of Russian regions requires analysis carried out at the national, sub-federal (federal districts), and regional levels. In the study, the author evaluates the dynamics of the per capita gross regional product (GRP), labour productivity, and real wages in constant prices at purchasing power parity for Russia, the Siberian Federal District, and Krasnoyarsk Krai. The results of this analysis allow comparing economic growth and labour productivity growth in Russia and Russian regions with international trends. The author has found that labour productivity per working hour measured in constant prices in Russia, Siberia, and Krasnoyarsk Krai is several times lower than the corresponding indicators of countries leading in productivity and economic growth. The dynamics of per capita GRP and labour productivity, measured both in current and constant prices, is positive. The statistical relationship between labour productivity growth and cyclical processes in the national economy is noted; in the crisis and post-crisis periods, there is outstripping growth in labour productivity due to the mobilization of the workers’ labour potential. The economy of the Siberian Federal District has been characterized by a steady excess of the growth rate of labour productivity over the growth rate of per capita GRP, while in Krasnoyarsk Krai and Russia this trend has manifested since 2014 with the onset of the crisis. This process indicates a change in the mechanisms of economic growth: with the entry into the crisis phase, human labour, as well as its efficiency, becomes the only significant factor in maintaining the stability of national and regional economies. The obtained results also show the depressive impact of a long-term decline in real wages on labour productivity and economic growth during the economic crisis. The structural analysis demonstrates that labour productivity growth has a strong positive effect on economic growth, while the growth of the employment rate has a moderate positive effect. A decline in the share of the working-age population in the demographic structure has a pronounced negative impact on economic growth in the long-term period. The study results can be used in the development of national and regional policies related to stimulating economic growth.
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Tokarski, Tomasz, Svitlana Chugaievska, and Nataliia Chugaievska. "Determinants of regional diversity of wages in Ukraine." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 64, no. 5 (May 28, 2019): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8503.
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The aim of the study is to determine the spatial differentiation of wages and their selected determinants in the Ukrainian regions within 2004—2016. Based on data of the Ukrainian statistical office (the State Statistics Service of Ukraine), panel regression methods (OLS and GMM with individual and random effects) were used.It follows from the deliberations that the Ukrainian economy developed very rapidly to the global financial crisis and the Ukrainian-Russian gas conflict (2008and2009). Labor productivity increased, unemployment fell, which translated into increased wages in all Ukrainian regions. Then, also due to the political and military conflict after Euro-Maidan (2013 and 2014), GDP, labour productivity and wages decreased, while unemployment increased (especially in the Donbas). This, in turn, leads to the economic emigration of inhabitants and the gradual depopulation of Ukraine.
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Trubitsyna, Natalya Sergeevna, Tatiana Aleksandrovna Kostenkova, Maksim Ivanovich Shepelev, and Vladimir Nikolaevich Pishchulin. "On the improvement of human resources in Russia." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 3C (September 30, 2021): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202173c1623p.292-302.
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The article examines the theoretical aspects of the concept “human resources” and its relationship with the model of economic growth. The authors outlined the factors influencing the formation and quality of human resources in Russia and substantiated the direct dependence of the total human resources of the country on the volume of the human resources of Russia’s regions. The article examines how education and wages affect the movement of graduates, seen as a promising part of the country’s human resources, in the labor market. The authors analyzed the indicators of the formation and use of human resources in Russia for the period from 2010 to 2020. The research confirmed the significance of the implemented national project aimed at increasing labor productivity and supporting the employment in Russia, as it is crucial for increasing human resources. The authors proposed measures aimed at improving the quality of human resources in Russia and, as a result, increasing quality of life.
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Savina, S. V. "Labor remuneration in modern conditions: all-Russian and regional contexts." Normirovanie i oplata truda v promyshlennosti (Rationing and remuneration of labor in industry), no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-3-2106-02.
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Currently, the main problems in the field of remuneration include the low level of wages, low purchasing power of wages, the undervalued share of wages in the gross domestic product (GDP), unreasonably high differentiation between the highest paid and the least paid categories of staff, the presence of a significant interregional differentiation in the field of remuneration and a number of others. The presence of the above-mentioned problems hinders the modernization of production and innovative development of the economy. Without investing in human capital, human development and professional development, without improving the professionalism, qualification and intellectual level of the staff, it is impossible to achieve success. Increasing productivity and labor efficiency is one of the key conditions for boosting the financial capabilities of the enterprise, allowing to invest in new technologies.
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Timiryanova, Venera, Dina Krasnoselskaya, and Natalia Kuzminykh. "Applying the Multilevel Approach in Estimation of Income Population Differences." Stats 6, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 67–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats6010005.
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Income inequality remains one of the most burning issues discussed in the world. The difficulty of the problem arises from its multiple manifestations at regional and local levels and unique patterns within countries. This paper employs a multilevel approach to identify factors that influence income and wage inequalities at regional and municipal scales in Russia. We carried out the study on data from 2017 municipalities of 75 Russian regions from 2015 to 2019. A Hierarchical Linear Model with Cross-Classified Random Effects (HLMHCM) allowed us to establish that most of the total variances in population income and average wages accounted for the regional scale. Our analysis revealed different variances of income per capita and average wage; we disclosed the reasons for these disparities. We also found a mixed relationship between income inequality and social transfers. These variables influence income growth but change the relationship between income and labour productivity. Our study underlined that the impacts of shares of employees in agriculture and manufacturing should be considered together with labour productivity in these industries.
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Cook, Linda J., Jørn Holm-Hansen, Markku Kivinen, and Stein Kuhnle. "Introduction: The Russian Welfare State in a Time of Economic Stagnation." Russian Politics 4, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451-8921-00403001.
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This Special Issue is devoted to Russia’s welfare state during the years of economic stagnation that began in 2013. Twelve experts assess social conditions and reforms in poverty, labor market, pension, housing and education policies. They show that social mobility has stagnated in conditions of deep inequality and just-above-poverty incomes for many. Innovative labor market and anti-poverty policies are hampered by low productivity and wages, both features of an oligarchic economic model that blocks competition and development. Welfare commitments heavily burden the state budget, producing reforms that transfer costs to users. The authors find that popular protests have forced government to partially mitigate these reforms. Putin’s government appears trapped between oligarchic economic interests and popular expectations for welfare. The final article compares China’s comparatively successful welfare trajectories with those of Russia, and proposes an agenda for further research.
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Bogacheva, O. V., and O. V. Smorodinov. "Disbalance in Pay Structure of Employees in Federal Budgetary Institutions." Financial Journal 12, no. 6 (2020): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2020-6-113-125.
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Among other things, the introduction of new pay systems in Russian federal institutions (2008) resulted in rapid growth of the variable part of wages. In the early 2010s, in numerous institutions this figure exceeded 50 %, and it still remains at an unreasonably high level. It is known, from the history of labor relations, that violation of balance between fixed (salary) and variable parts of wages leads to a reduction in motivation levels of employees and, as a consequence, to deterioration in productivity indicators and labor quality. In OECD countries, at the legislative level, the concepts of base and full rates of pay are introduced, and the number and size of incentive and compensation payments are optimized. The rates of base pay are regularly reviewed, taking into account changes in consumer prices and the cost of living. This practice allows a reasonable balance to be maintained between fixed and variable parts of wages. At the level of institutions, competency standards are being developed that ensure optimal differentiation in the size of the fixed part of wages and minimize the possibility of making incentive payments to employees simply for the performance of their job duties. The purpose of the article is to develop proposals for solving the problem of imbalance in the structure of wages of employees at Russian federal institutions, based on modern foreign practice in this area.
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Kalitskaya, Victoria, Andrey Pustuev, Olga Rykalina, Irina Perminova, and Olga Mustafina. "Assessment of the state of social and labor sphere of rural areas in the Ural Federal District." E3S Web of Conferences 176 (2020): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017606006.
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The article presents the author’s calculations of the labor sphere state of rural areas of the Ural Federal District (Russia). It is substantiated that labor (human) capital is the most important element of ensuring the functioning of the entire agrarian sphere. The estimation of labor productivity in the agricultural sector, the rate of wage growth, as well as relative social and labor indicators of the agricultural direction to the general economic is conducted. The authors consider the ratio of agrolabor productivity growth and decrease in the number of workers in this sphere, which is associated with a number of factors, resulting in the construction of a system of sociolabor factors interaction contributing to the development of rural areas, based on analytical data
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Potaptseva, E., and S. Smirnykh. "On the conditions of labor productivity growth in agriculture of the Sverdlovsk region." Normirovanie i oplata truda v sel'skom hozyajstve (Rationing and remuneration of labor in agriculture), no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-06-2001-06.
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Agricultural production is one of the most labor-intensive in the world. In our country, at the same time with large labor costs, the agricultural sector is characterized by low wages. This state of affairs in the industry makes relevant research on the identification of factors of labor productivity growth. In addition, it is necessary to develop methods for creating high-performance jobs. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation formed the informational basis of this study. There were also used information officially distributed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Sverdlovsk region. The research is based on the results of the author's survey of managers and specialists of agricultural enterprises located in the Talitsky city district of the Sverdlovsk region. The study focuses on the study and analysis of the dynamics of the development of the agricultural sector in the region. In conclusion, the conclusions are formulated, and the main factors of labor productivity growth in agriculture of the Sverdlovsk region are identified. The results of the study showed that outdated technical equipment of production has a negative impact on the productivity of labor in the agricultural sector.
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Варшавская, Елена, and Elena Varshavskaya. "EMPLOYMENT IN THE RUSSIAN INDUSTRY OVER THE PERIOD OF 2000 - 2014: LEVEL, DYNAMICS, FLEXIBILITY." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2016, no. 1 (June 25, 2016): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2016-1-39-45.
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The paper discusses how employment in the Russian industry evolved over the period of 2000 - 2014. It starts with tracing one of the key labor market indicators: the level and dynamics of employment. Total employment in the Russian industry and employment in firms and enterprises (i.e. in the formal sector) declined over the whole period of 2000 - 2014. But employment in the informal sector was on the rise. The reallocation of labor into informality reduces productivity and growth. Then the author analyzes how the Russian industrial enterprises adapted to the output fall during the 2008 - 2009 economic crisis. Firms did this in three major ways. First, Russian firms froze new hires without active use of involuntary labor shedding. The second way is cutting working hours as firms shifted their personnel into administrative leaves or into short-time work. The third way is flexible wages.
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Tarasova, Anna N., and Natalia A. Chernykh. "Risk and threat assessment for youths at regional labor market (the case of the Sverdlovsk Region)." Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research 5, no. 4 (2019): 52–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7897-2019-5-4-52-75.
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This article analyzes the main risks and threats that arise in the contemporary labor market among the young people. Given the changes that are taking place under the economical digitalization, globalization processes, as well as due to the increase in the retirement age in Russia, there is a growing need to study the emerging risks. This paper assesses the level of threats to young professionals entering the labor market. The empirical basis of the work includes the data of statistics on labor and employment in Russia and the Sverdlovsk Region, as well as the results of the two empirical studies conducted by the authors in 2018-2019 by means of content analysis of employers’ advertisements and a questionnaire survey of the population. 6,521 vacancy announcements in the Sverdlovsk region were analyzed. 630 people (aged 18-60) were interviewed the sample was quoted by sex and age. The methods of data analysis include frequency distribution analysis, mean analysis, correlation analysis, and Chi-squared difference analysis. The authors have identified the main types of risks on the labor market: they are the problems of employment and the threat of unemployment; employment outside the studied specialty and “leaving” the profession; high differentiation of wages by industry and salary risks; non-compliance with labor legislation and social guarantees; involvement in informal employment. A detailed analysis of these risks is carried out and the threat level is assessed. The authors conclude that the greatest threat in the regional labor market is the mismatch of places of employment of existing qualifications and received specialty. This threat is dangerous not only on its own, leading to the loss of professional skills and competencies, a decrease in overall productivity, etc. Even worse, it increases the likelihood of other risks in the labor market. The employment outside the studied specialty correlates with violation of labor laws, non-compliance with labor rights of employees, and involvement in informal employment.
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Solov’ev, A. M. "Correlation of wage growth and labor productivity in military-industrial complex of Russia through 2020." Studies on Russian Economic Development 25, no. 5 (September 2014): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1075700714050116.
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Brown, J. David, and John S. Earle. "Creating Productive Jobs in East European Transition Economies: a Synthesis of Firm-Level Studies." National Institute Economic Review 204 (April 2008): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00279501082040011201.
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The challenge for labour market policy in the new member states and other transition economies of Eastern Europe has been to redress the sharp drops in employment and rises in unemployment in a way that fosters the creation of productive jobs. This paper first documents the magnitude and productivity of job and worker reallocation. It then investigates the effects of privatisation, product and labour market liberalisation, and obstacles to growth in the new private sector on reallocation and its productivity in Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine. We find that market reform has resulted in a large increase in the pace of job reallocation, particularly that occurring between sectors and via firm turnover. Unlike under central planning, the job reallocation during the transition has contributed significantly to aggregate productivity growth. Privatisation has not only stimulated intrasectoral job reallocation, but the reallocation is more productive than that among remaining state firms. The estimated effect of privatisation on firm productivity is usually positive, but it varies considerably across countries. The productivity gains from privatisation have generally not come at the expense of workers, but are associated rather with increased wages and employment.
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Kondrat’ev, V. "World Manufacturing: Global Shifts in Competitive Costs." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2015): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-7-5-15.
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For almost three decades a traditional conception of the world has driven corporate manufacturing investment and sourcing division. Latina America, Eastern Europe and most of Asia have been viewed as low-cost regions. The USA, Western Europe and Japan have been viewed as economies with too high costs. But now such a view appears to become more and more obsolete. Years of steady changes in wages, productivity, energy costs, national currencies’ values and other factors are quietly but dramatically redrawing the map of global manufacturing cost competitiveness. In some cases the shifts in relative costs are startling. Nobody has thought a decade ago that Brazil would now be one of the highest-cost countries for manufacturing or that Mexico could be cheaper production place than China. While London remains one of the priciest cities in the world to live and visit, the UK has become the lowest-cost manufacturer in Western Europe. Costs in Russia and many of Eastern Europe nations have risen to near parity with the US. The paper considers the ongoing shifts in the relative costs that should drive many companies to rethink decades-old assumption on their sourcing strategies and allocation of new production capacities. To identify and compare the shifts in relative costs the author analyzed statistical data for the period 2004–2014. It is concluded that four factors are responsible for dramatic shifts in manufacturing competitiveness: wages, exchange rates, labor productivity and energy costs. The dramatic shifts in relative costs could drive another large-scale transformation of the global economy as companies are prompted to reassess their manufacturing footprints. These trends also have implications for governments whose leaders increasingly recognize the economic importance of a stable manufacturing base. The author’s findings will, hopefully, encourage policy-makers in Russia to identify growing areas of strength and weakness and to take adequate actions to shore up the nation’s manufacturing competitiveness.
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Kuz'minova, T. "Efficiency of Human Resource Management in the Context of Covid-2019." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 10, no. 4 (September 17, 2021): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2305-7807-2021-10-4-76-80.
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The main problem of social and labor relations in the context of COVID-2019 is the rise in unemployment. The article shows that an orientation towards the future forces us to pay attention not only to the preservation of the quantitative characteristics of human resources, but also to the efficiency of management of the most important factor of production for any enterprise “labor”.
According to the Federal State Statistics Service, the dynamics of growth in labor productivity and growth in wages in the Russian economy have been built. The analysis showed that the COVID-2019 pandemic, having influenced the economies of all countries, did not fundamentally change the efficiency of human resource management, but created the conditions for its qualitative transformation.
To ensure the long-term competitiveness of socio-economic systems in a changing environment, HR specialists are faced with the task of adequately assessing the ongoing changes and the appropriate transformation of human resource management systems.
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Захаров and D. Zaharov. "RESEARCH OF THE RUSSIAN MARKET OF LABOR AND ADJUSTMENT OF THE STAFF STRATEGY OF ORGANIZATIONS." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 6, no. 3 (July 14, 2017): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5947e26e0ae785.86641623.
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This article examines the current state, working conditions and forecasts for the development of the Russian labor market. It is revealed that, despite a number of positive trends in the economy, global problems remain in the development of economic mechanisms. It is noted that increasing efficiency and labor productivity while reducing staff costs remains the main way to survive the organization. Frightened by the cuts of 2014–2015, workers try to stay in the workplace, even if they are not satisfied with working conditions. Employers, in turn, having a certain need for staff, cannot offer either existing or new employees improvements in terms of pay and social package, so the motivation to change the company-employer from working employees is minimized. At the same time the head of the organization agrees to pay high wages for commensurate result of labor activity. It was noted that in the personnel management system, the following areas will come to the forefront: the evaluation of the results of staff work, the calculation of the ratio of price and quality of staff training, the development and implementation of key performance indicators.
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Miroshnichenko, T. A. "The diagnostics of the current state of Russian rural territories based on the inclusive approach." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Ekonomika i upravlenie, no. 4 (2022): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2221-5689-2022-4-35-49.
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The current state of Russian rural territories causes concern due to the numerous socio-economic problems in the countryside. Their solution is one of the most important governmental objectives that require both adequate strategic planning and timely monitoring of the current situation in the countryside. The study was aimed to identify key problems of the socio-economic development of rural territories in Russia based on the inclusive approach. Within the research, the author analyzed the dynamics of 17 indicators of inclusive development of Russian rural territories for the period from 2011 to 2020 united in four blocks: “Growth and Development”, “Economic Inclusion”, “Continuity of Generations and Development Sustainability”, and “Social Inclusion”. The study identified that the priority development of agriculture ensured the growth of gross added value of the industry but did not contribute to the improvement of the quality and living conditions of the rural population. The results of the study showed that along with the growth of labor productivity in agriculture, a decrease in the employment rate in the countryside was observed. At the same time, wages in agriculture were about a third lower than in the economy as a whole. Poverty in the countryside remains one of the most acute problems as it concerns the fifth of the rural residents. Rural settlements fall behind the urban ones in a number of parameters: life expectancy, the level of the population’s employment, the households’ available resources, social and engineering infrastructure. The solution of indicated problems is possible only when updating the existing model of the development of rural areas based on the principles of inclusive development, which to the greatest extent meet the modern-day challenges and threats.
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Efimova, Galina Z. "Grounds for subjective assessment of academic and teaching staff pay equity." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 476 (2022): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/476/15.
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Equity is defined as a correlation between a person's merits and their remuneration. The article deals with social and labour equity, regarding it as a subjective assessment of the ratio of payments for the physical and/or intellectual efforts of employees. The article aims to determine the grounds for the subjective assessment of academic and teaching staff pay equity. The empirical study was conducted in 2019-2020, based on expert interviews with 86 faculty members of leading Russian universities (University of Tyumen, Tomsk State University, Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI). The expert interview narratives allowed identifying seven categories for assessing subjective perception of pay equity (1) at a corporate level; comparing faculty members (2) in Russia and (3) internationally; (4) in terms of public/business organisations; (5) different spheres of activity; (6) historical periods; and (7) previous positions held either in the same or other organizations. The results show that (1) disparity in pay within a university (between structural units and positions) can reduce motivation or increase career aspirations. A high level of social and labour equity provides a sense of stability and increases organisational productivity. (2) The level of pay equity in Russian universities depends on their prestige and ranking. (3) When comparing the level of remuneration and the workload with their Western colleagues, the respondents were more likely to prioritise Russia. Employees experienced in international academic mobility choose to work in Russia. (4) Compared to other spheres of activity, university wages are mostly lower whereas faculty members appreciate the opportunity to increase their income through active scientific research. (5) The last 3-5 years have seen a positive change in pay equity, with teachers and other jobs compared. (6) Comparison between historical periods shows a positive assessment of the current situation in Russia. However, not all the respondents believe in the long term perspective. (7) Pay at the early career is the lowest, but the teaching and research load is high. Young teachers invest a lot of time in career development, working on their dissertations. Pay equity assessment by teachers of retirement age is high, due to family stability and availability of additional funding (e.g. pension, support by children).
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Komlev, Vitaliy, Elena Barmina, and Oksana Feoktistova. "Digitalization of labor market parameters to improve the efficiency of the enterprise’s personnel policy." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002150.
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The article analyzes the characteristics of the labor market on the Internet that affect the formation of personnel policy of the enterprise. The authors propose a developed software product to order the processing a large amount of information and determine the parameters and key indicators which determine the successful personnel policy of the enterprise. The software tools includes an analysis of the basic parameters of the labor market on the Internet: the ratio of supply and demand for major vacancies, average wages of supply and demand, the dynamics of supply and demand, taking into account the region (territorial specifics). The possibilities of programmatic monitoring of the labor market in order to promptly adjust the personnel policy of an organization to key personnel positions based on the dynamics of changes in the labor market environment make it possible to increase the effectiveness of personnel policy and its productivity. Comparative analysis of key parameters of the labor market in various cities of the Russian Federation and possible directions of personnel policy formation in the major vacancies in organizations allows optimal analysis of large amounts of information opened on the Internet (job banks, data of personnel and recruiting agencies, job banks and resume in social networks taking into account the region), allows you to quickly and correctly make management decisions in the field of personnel management. The article discusses the contact of the parameters of the labor market with the main directions of the personnel policy of the enterprise: the organization of personnel selection, adaptation, training, motivation and incentives, evaluation, etc., taking into account possible personnel risks.
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Makhalina, Oksana M., and Viktor N. Makhalin. "CHALLENGES OF POVERTY OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Economics. Management. Law, no. 1 (2022): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6304-2022-1-56-66.
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The article studies the challenges of poverty and social inequality of the Russian population: status, features and formulated recommendations. According to Rosstat, the number of Russians living below the poverty line reached 19.6 million people in 2020. In 2013–2020, all Russians became 10% poorer. These figures confirm the urgency of solving the issue of combating poverty in Russia. The article presents the results of a study of the state of the issue, considers the factors, causes and conditions under the influence of which the level of poverty is formed, social inequalities in people’s living standards are created. These are the low level of primary incomes, which affects labor productivity, incorrect definitions by some officials of the causes of poverty, existing categories of “new poor” and chronically poor. As recommendations for combating poverty and social inequality, the article suggests: using world experience and, first of all, the experience of China, which has achieved great success in the area in a short time; a set of measures to ensure economic growth by increasing labor productivity and creating jobs with potentially high salaries; the development of the high-tech manufacturing, science, education and healthcare; the use of the digital, energy-saving and hydrogen technologies; improving the mechanisms of payment of various benefits and one-time payments, conditional basic income; significantly increasing the minimum wage. The presented solutions can be implemented both at enterprises and in the regions, and in the country as a whole. With an integrated approach, those solutions will be able to reduce the severity of the challenge of poverty and social inequality in full or bring it to a socially acceptable level.
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Bogdanova, Valentina E., Vasiliy V. Serikov, Anna A. Zakrevskaya, and Ekatherina V. Dmitrieva. "The organizational culture of airlines as a risk factor for the professional health of pilots and flight safety in modern Russian Civil Aviation." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 61, no. 10 (November 18, 2021): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-10-667-673.
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Introduction. We present the study results of pilots of different age groups about the role of campaign policies in ensuring the safety of flights, health, and social well-being of pilots. The study aims to learn the ideas of civil aviation pilots of different age groups about the role of campaign policies in ensuring flight safety. Materials and methods. The researchers used the following methods as empirical research methods: focus group method, content analysis of pilots' statements, frequency analysis method, implemented in the SPSS-20 program. Results. According to the frequency analysis results, we identified adverse factors of the labor process that negatively affect flight safety. Of these, the most damaging factors of labor activity are: a violation of the elements and features of the organizational, legal and material, and economic management subsystems (organizational characteristics) - 97.5% of respondents; infringement of the work and rest regime of civil aviation pilots - 100% of respondents; stress in the workplace - 92.5% of respondents; poor-quality training - 77.5%; manipulation of wages - 77%. Conclusions. The analysis of the obtained results allows us to conclude that the management policy of the organization and personnel is a crucial factor determining flight safety, a high level of motivation to work, productivity, and health of pilots.
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Frenkel, A. A., B. I. Tikhomirov, Ya V. Sergienko, and A. A. Surkov. "Socio-Economic Development of Russia: Through the Waves of a Pandemic and a Systemic Crisis." Voprosy statistiki 28, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2021-28-2-90-111.
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In the article, the authors express their opinion on the outcomes of social and economic development of Russia in 2020 and give a forecast of expected results for 2021 and 2022. The state and possible directions for overcoming stagnation are considered, primarily by closing the technology gap in production and ensuring the growth of labor productivity, business, investment and consumer activity, increasing the efficiency of capital investments as key factors in the recovery of the real sector and the knowledge economy, including industrial production, agriculture, capital construction.The drawbacks of the current management system are noted, and measures to overcome the structural crisis are proposed. The need for changing the state socio-economic policy is substantiated. Its main goal should be to ensure the health of the nation.The authors compare trends in the Russian and world economies by main development indicators, such as gross domestic product, industrial production, investments, foreign trade.The article examines the shortcomings of the current state financial policy, which should become an instrument of financial support for sustainable socio-economic development and countering external and internal risks and threats. The problems of execution of the federal budget for 2020 are analyzed. Using case examples, the authors prove the necessity for priority use of financial resources of the «rainy-day fund» to accelerate the development of sectors of the national economy.Given the slowdown in global economic growth in 2020 and problems associated with its full recovery in 2021, the expected expansion of trade wars and sanctions lead to a conclusion that there is a growing negative trend in the Russian economy as well with the potential of stagnation escalating into recession.
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Akinina, Ksenia O., and Olga A. Rasskazova. "Features of Personnel Motivation and Incentivization in the Electric Power Industry." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 55 (2021): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/55/6.
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The article discusses the role of human resources in the efficiency of an organization. Employees influence the result of the company’s activities and make the company competitive in the market. The authors consider incentives as part of the HR management system and analyze the relationships between an incentive scheme and labor productivity, an incentive scheme and staff turnover, an incentive scheme and competitiveness. The authors note the importance of the electric power industry in the economy of the Russian Federation, investigate the labor market in electrical engineering in St. Petersburg, and determine a range of problems. Incentives are classified into types. The incentive system of the enterprise includes material incentives and non-material incentives. Material incentives are divided into material monetary incentives and material non-monetary incentives. Material monetary incentives consist of basic wages and additional wages. Material non-monetary incentives are material benefits and rights, as well as non-monetary forms of remuneration. Features of material incentives in the industry are noted. Enterprises in the industry use a lot of material incentives. The study shows that the majority of workers in the electric power industry are satisfied with the material incentives. Non-material incentives consist of moral incentives, organizational incentives, and work time incentives. Systematic informing of staff, organization of corporate events, official recognition of achievements, and regulation of relationships in the team are moral incentives. Improving the quality of employees’ working life, managing an employee’s career, involving the team in the management process, and organizing labor competitions are organizational incentives. Provision of additional rest time, establishment of flexible working hours, and use of flexible forms of employment are work time incentives. Features of non-material incentives for personnel in the electric power industry are analyzed. Leading enterprises of the electric power industry use company websites to inform staff. Organization of corporate events is a common incentivization method at Russian enterprises. Sports activities are most effective for increasing productivity. Enterprises of the industry do not organize creative competitions, but such competitions are necessary for satisfying the need in the implementation of employees’ creative abilities. Official recognition of merit in the power industry is manifested in the placement of the best employees’ photos on the honor board and in the granting of awards. Relationships in the team are regulated by codes of corporate ethics. The results of a special assessment of jobs at enterprises of the industry demonstrate that there are no optimal working conditions in the electric power industry. Practice shows that the opportunity of career advancement depends on the scale of the enterprise: the larger the number of staff, the more ramified the management structure and the more opportunities for career advancement. Involvement of teams in the management is difficult due the large number of enterprises in the industry. Labor competitions for teams are organized, and they are very efficient for the industry. Enterprises do not give work time incentives. The authors make recommendations on how to use various incentives at enterprises of the energy industry and name the factors influencing the incentive system.
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Arsentyev, Viktor M. "MONETARY FORMS OF PAYMENT OF WORK IN THE RUSSIAN PATRIMONY INDUSTRY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION)." Economic History, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.042.014.201803.263-275.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of changes which took place in the system of remuneration for work in the patrimonial industry of Russia in the first half of the XIX century. The methods of mobilizing of workers for industrial enterprises are considered, the value of the monetary form of payment for different categories of workers is characterized. The methods of labor stimulation applied by noblemen-industrialists with a view of increase of labor activity of workers and increase in labor productivity are investigated. Methods and Materials. When solving the set research tasks, materials from the funds of federal and regional archives, published sources, as well as scientific literature were used. To analyze the nature and direction of the processes that took place in the industry of serf Russia, the modernization theory was applied. When processing quantitative data, a statistical method was used, and for a more detailed immersion in the subject of the study, a micro-historical approach was applied. Results. The conducted research showed that capitalist experiments at the patrimonial enterprises of the Middle Volga region, connected with increasingly firmly established industry in the first half of the XIX century the tradition of applying monetary forms of labor for their own serf and household people, was used by many noble entrepreneurs in their industrial manufactures. The monetary forms of remuneration were methods of intensifying forced labor and were aimed at increasing the profitability of the patrimonial enterprises. Discussion and Conclusion. In the patrimonial industry of the Middle Volga region in the first half of the XIX century, the use of labor of serfs and household people was gradually transferred to a commercial basis, and only serfs were employed in the form of corvee labor for auxiliary servicing. While maintaining the connection with the land and legal dependence on the owner, the position of the working patrimonial manufactory acquired a dual character: on the one hand, elements of contractual employment relations were present on a market basis, and on the other, feudal features of forced recruitment were preserved. The statistical analysis of payroll data in patrimonial factories, mainly cloth, revealed significant differences in its size, depending on gender, age, professional specialization and skill level of workers. But in general, the size of the monetary payment of labor remained rather low. The absence of any formally fixed rates often allowed the factory owners, at their own discretion, to evaluate certain types of labor, and on this basis to compile the wage pay tables for industrial workers, the vast majority of whom were also in a state of non-economic coercion.
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Vakulenko, E., and E. Gurvich. "Modeling the Mechanisms of Russian Labour Market." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 20, 2015): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2015-11-5-29.
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We investigate the relationship between the key labour market indicators: productivity, real wages, and unemployment rate. The analysis is based on quarterly data for the period Q1 1995 to Q3 2013. The period free of crises (early 1999 to mid-2008) is additionally considered to check the crisis effects. We estimate vector error correction model (VECM). Cointegration was found among the main labour market variables. The model coefficient signs fully corresponded to the economic logic, and their magnitudes were almost identical for both time spans. No significant asymmetry to positive and negative deviations from the long-term trend was revealed at the Russian labour market. The model has allowed to measure contribution of different channels to the wage growth. We find that productivity growth and decline in unemployment had similar impact on the wage change over the period under consideration. Our results explain thus the observed unusual trend of marked increase of the wage share in GDP. Contrary to standard beliefs, cross-country comparisons show neither an increased reaction of wages nor a weak reaction of employment to productivity or output shocks.
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Vasileva, Elena, and Nataliya Nikolenko. "Who are Pre-Retirees? To the Question of the Social Status of the Group." Logos et Praxis, no. 1 (December 2020): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2020.1.16.
Full textAbstract:
This review discusses stratification models and empirical studies of the social status of people of retirement age in modern Russia. Our goal is to identify the social markings of the group and its status features, as well as the differences in managerial and scientific discourses of its assessment. The pension reform that began in 2019 significantly changes the group of pre-retirees: its number is increasing, it is getting older and differented by the age and generational cohorts. Moreover, the time of change is reflected in constructs "yuothful retired persons", "a working old-age pensioners", "youngest-old retirees" and "new pre-retirees". Differences approaches to status stratification, based on differences in managerial and scientific discourses are evident. The management approach is largely situational and related to the category of "pre-retirement time" as the period prior to the retirement of old age. This approach is focused, first, on the labor productivity, and, secondly, on the formal-legal definition of the status. The research approach is formed under the influence of global strategic discourse and differentiates the macro-social and organizational-social levels of social stratification. Within this framework, the social status of people of pre-retirement age is associated with socio-economic activity and human capital, employment and professional career. This group is related primarily to the category of "older workers", which combines employed pre-retirees and post-retirees and indicates the characteristics of the status associated with social attitudes to elderly. Publications on the social status of pre-retirees over the past five years indicate that the research tradition is dominated by a macro-economic rather than organizational approach. In addition, stratification models use mainly employment and human capital indicators as differentiating features, but not indicators of labor force and career potential. The research results revealed the following features of the status of pre-retirees: the growth of economic activity of older workers; the growth of employment of highly qualified workers in market and high-tech sectors of the economy; the significant impact of informal employment; the presence of age discrimination in wages and employment; insignificant representation in new institutional forms of economic activity and social entrepreneurship.
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Samarina, Vera P., and Tatyana P. Skufina. "The Estimation of Remuneration Efficiency in Monopsony: Concerning the Arctic Fishing Industrial Cluster." Arctic and North, no. 47 (June 28, 2022): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2022.47.43.
Full textAbstract:
At present, new financial mechanisms of interaction between employees and employers in the context of market relations are being formed and improved in Russia. The decisive factor in workers’ per-formance is their financial motivation and stimulation. The determinative of productivity of an enterprise activity is remuneration efficiency as a base of laborers’ financial motivation and stimulation. The remuneration is a flexible element of distributive relations and it is impossible to create an effective motivational mechanism without an establishment of its communication with final results. Such indices as salary distribution and salary intensity as basic indicators of wage efficiency assessment have been used in the paper. The object of the research is sixteen large and medium-sized fishing enterprises in the Arkhangelsk region as a part of the Arctic fishing cluster. These enterprises catch fish in the Barents and Norwegian seas, as well as in the North Atlantic. It has been shown that the financial results of fishing enterprises depend on external conditions — primarily on the quotas for fish catch and the price of fish products. In the research, the authors have proceeded from the following hypotheses: the Arctic fishing cluster’s enterprises operate in a monopsony on the labor market; there is a pattern between the size of wage fund and financial performance of the Arctic fishery cluster enterprises; the change in wage fund is an effective mechanism to improve the efficiency of the Arctic fishery cluster. In the course of the research, the following interrelated tasks have been solved: the identification of the features of the Arctic fishing cluster’s labor market; the assessment of the effectiveness of the wage fund use for the Arctic fishing cluster’s enterprises based on the author's methodology; the identification of the importance of the problem of insufficient efficiency of wage fund use in the Arctic fishing cluster.