Dissertations / Theses: 'Wage gap'

1

Tuc, Mis Sine. "Informal Sector Wage Gap In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613741/index.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Informality has been a widespread fact in most of developing countries. Especially after the implementation of liberalization policies in the 1980s, informal sector has expanded, and informal employment has been more attractive in the Turkish economy. The aim of this thesis is to examine whether there is wage gap between formal and informal employment in Turkey for the years 2007 and 2008. In order to test if the determinants of wages are different, selection corrected wage equations are estimated for manufacturing and service sectors for men and women separately by using the Household Labor Force Survey micro level data of TURKSTAT. We also estimated Multinomial Logit model in order to be able to take the sector selection process into account. According to our estimation results, there was a significant wage gap between formal and informal employment in Turkey for the years 2007 and 2008, even after controlling for a number of individual-specific characteristics. This indicates the existence of the segmented labor market in terms of wages in Turkey, as it is asserted by the number of researchers arguing against the neo-classical labor market theory.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Zhou, Yu. "Occupational Skills and Gender Wage Gap." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83563.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation consists of three essays studying the occupational wages, skills, and gender wage gap in U.S. and other OECD countries. The analysis especially focuses on how the gender differences in skill levels and skill returns could explain the gender wage gaps and changes. The first chapter outlines the dissertation by briefly discussing the motivations, methods, and main findings in each of the following chapters. Chapter 2 focuses on the well-documented wage and employment polarizations in the U.S.. The occupations moving into the lower tail ("in" occupations) have more immigrant workers, more part-time workers, and less female workers. In addition, the wage gaps between domestic/immigrant, full-time/part-time, and male/female workers are also larger in "in" occupations. The opposite facts hold true in the occupations moving out of the lower tail ("out" occupations). Utilizing the regional differences, we also find stronger spillover effect from high-wage occupations to the "out" occupations than the effect to the "in" occupations. Chapter 3 investigates how gender differences in skills beyond education and experience can account for the observed gender wage gap and its changes between 1980 and 2015 by using data from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) and the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The main empirical finding is that female workers possess much higher level of caring skills, and the returns to caring skills are significantly negative but have increased over time, accounting for a major part of the persistent gender wage gap and the narrowing gender wage gap from 1980 to 2015. Another significant portion of the narrowed gender wage gap can be attributed to the faster growth in female workers' average directness skills and the fact that the returns to directness skills are significantly positive and stable over time. In the last chapter, we document significant cross-country variation in gender wage gaps among OECD countries by using the data from Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). We find significant cross-country variation in the gender differences in returns. The gender differences in returns to basic labor and experience are the most important factors in explaining the gender wage gap. In addition, gender differences in returns to cognitive and directness skills are playing milder but substantial roles in explaining the wage gap. We also find the social institutions and attitudes indicators are related to the cross-country variation in gender differences.
Ph. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Gonzalez, Pablo. "Essays on wage differentials and wage formation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242947.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Malmberg, Åsa. "Evaluating the gender wage gap in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7654.

Full text

Abstract:

Using mainly quantile regressions, this paper evaluates the gender wage gap throughout the conditional wage distribution in Sweden. The gender wage is found to increase at the upper tail of the wage distribution, indicating an enforcement of the glass ceiling effect recorded in earlier studies.

The results also indicate that the earlier noted trend of diminishing wage differences at the bottom of the wage distribution now is turning. The increase of overall wage inequalities coincides with a general increase in wage dispersion among high-income and low-income individuals. It is also noted that there are substantial differences in returns to productivity characteristics between the public and the private sectors, and that both the highest and the lowest unexplained gender wage gap is found in the public sector.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Alksnis, Christine. "Sexism, stereotyping, and the gender wage gap." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ55614.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Andersen, Jaime. "The gender wage gap : exploring the explanations." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/760.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Rickardsson, Jonna, and Josefine Göthberg. "The Gender Wage Gap : - among Swedish municipalities." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26897.

Full text

Abstract:

Though successively decreasing over time, gender wage gaps are still large in all western countries. When gender wage gaps exist, there is an unequal distribution of economic power between men and women. This paper examines variables that significantly relate to the differences in the size of the gender wage gap across Swedish municipalities. With data gathered from Statistics Sweden and the Swedish Social Insurance Agency for the year 2011, a series of OLS regressions are performed. By examining what variables are statistically related to variations in the gender wage gap over municipalities, for example, average wage, human capital, gender segregation and work absence, the aim is to further contribute to the field of gender economics. The results in this paper show that the gender wage gap exists in all 290 Swedish municipalities. It varies greatly with women earning only 56 percent of men’s wages in Danderyd to women earning 87 percent of men’s wages in Haparanda. In municipalities where average wages are high the gender wage gap is large. Long-term illness and lowered capacity to work are strong factors negatively affecting the gender wage gap. In municipalities where women are more affected by long-term illness and lowered capacity to work than men the gender wage gap is larger. Furthermore, there is a significant relation between the gender wage gap and human capital. The gender wage gap is larger in municipalities where a large share of the population has a higher education.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Vilares, Hugo F. E. "The sources of the union wage gap." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11605.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Stec, Boguslawa Aleksandra, and Raneem Jisri. "The gender wage gap in Italy : Study on the changes in the wage gap during the period of financial crisis." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49184.

Full text

Abstract:

Everywhere around the world, whether in developing or developed countries, women earn less than men. This phenomenon is in no way new and it has been investigated for many years. Still, in today’s modern society, the wage gap does not appear to be closing. In times of economic instability, such as the economic crisis, the progress towards equality may be pushed back, since specific groups, sectors, and occupations may be affected differently. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the Italian gender wage gap with a closer look at the fluctuations during the period of the financial crisis. In order to analyse and understand the fluctuations of the pay gap, the three main theories used in the research are the human capital theory, occupational segregation, and theories regarding the labour market structure. By applying the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method, this study analyses to what extent the gap could be explained by differences in observable characteristics, such as level of education or age, and how much remains unexplained. The empirical model is applied to the Italian Survey of Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) microdata between the period of 2002 and 2016. The main findings show that the Italian gender wage gap, for the most part, remains unexplained. This indicates that the differentials in pay cannot be accounted for by differences in observable characteristics, such as education, age, contract type. The results of this research show that the Italian wage gap was, to some extent, negatively affected by the financial crisis. Furthermore, implemented austerity measures were found not to have significant negative impacts on the gap, which only increased in the initial phase of the crisis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Franks, Tiffany Wright David W. "Gender and the wage gap: still not equal /." Diss., A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2007. http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/handle/10057/1132.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Sociology.
"May 2007." Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 20, 2007). Thesis adviser: David W. Wright. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 28-30).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Napari, Sami. "Essays on the gender wage gap in Finland /." Helsinki : Helsinki School of Economics, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/566371707.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Lira, G. Jorge. "Mind the gap : Irrevocable wage differentials in Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/149685.

Full text

Abstract:

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE Magíster en Análisis Económico
Using a longitudinal database that follows individuals from their last years of schooling to their first years at labor market we apply a decomposition methodology in order to understand the wage differentials among school types in Chile. With micro-simulations exercises we can isolate the impact on wages of changes in the academic achievements of individuals and changes in their associated returns in labor market. Our results show that even when adding one extra standard deviation to the test score achieved by the most vulnerable individuals at high school, there is a considerable difference in the endowments returns between groups that makes almost impossible to close the existent wage gap between them at labor market. In this way, as long as the prices of the academic achievement in the labor market remain constant, no public policy or major investment e orts will succeed in eliminating the wage differentials between school types.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Ogunro, Nola. "THREE ESSAYS ON THE BLACK WHITE WAGE GAP." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1099.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2009.
Title from document title page (viewed on October 29, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains: vii, 146 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-145).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Aleksandrova, Arnaudova Evelina. "The Gender Wage Gap in Spain : An analysis of the impact of the financial crisis on the gender wage gap distribution." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-37890.

Full text

Abstract:

Equality is part of the European policy and legislation. However there are still evident signs of women being treated unequally in the labour market. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question if women are more vulnerable to economic shocks in terms of wage distribution. The focus will be on women in Spain in the context of the financial crisis of 2008. The thesis examines the evolution of the salary structure in the period 2002-2014 using the microdata of the Structural Earning Survey. The taste-based and the statistical discrimination theory are going to be described in order to explain the causes of gender wage discrimination. The methods applied in this paper are the Mincer method, which explains the human capital theory and the Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions, which separates the gender wage gap into explained and unexplained parts. The results from the study suggest that there is a decrease in the gender wage gap in Spain following the situation before and after the crisis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Aleksandrova, Arnaudova Evelina. "The Gender Wage Gap in Spain : An analysis of the impact of the financial crisis on the gender wage gap distribution." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-37871.

Full text

Abstract:

Equality is part of the European policy and legislation. However there are still evident signs of women being treated unequally in the labour market. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question if women are more vulnerable to economic shocks in terms of wage distribution. The focus will be on women in Spain in the context of the financial crisis of 2008. The thesis examines the evolution of the salary structure in the period 2002-2014 using the microdata of the Structural Earning Survey. The taste-based and the statistical discrimination theory are going to be described in order to explain the causes of gender wage discrimination. The methods applied in this paper are the Mincer method, which explains the human capital theory and the Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions, which separates the gender wage gap into explained and unexplained parts. The results from the study suggest that there is a decrease in the gender wage gap in Spain following the situation before and after the crisis.

Correction: Spring semester 2019

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Montes, Jose L. "Evolution of gender wage gap in Peru, 1997-2000." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1629.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Tinch, Elizabeth. "The wage gap: Gender differences in the teaching profession." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2509.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines the wage gap between male and female teachers by analyzing data drawn from the 2006-08 Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS data set is composed of 72,000 households and the civilian noninstitutional population of the United States abiding in these households. The dependent variable, income, is an interval measure of annual income from wages and salaries. In this study the lower income for female teachers is best explained by three theoretical perspectives: individual, structural, and gender. A univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted and it was found that the wage gap between male and female teachers was partially explained by age, education, and organization size. It was also found that women will receive a lower income than their male counterparts based on their gender, and that women will be sorted into inferior economic positions relative to men.
Thesis (M.A.) -- Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Sociology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Farren, Michael Diltz. "Bridging the Gap in the New Minimum Wage Research." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500330440581116.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Valmori, Simona <1978&gt. "The gender wage gap in developing and transition countries." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/794/1/Tesi_Valmori_Simona.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of my dissertation is to study the gender wage gap with a specific focus on developing and transition countries. In the first chapter I present the main existing theories proposed to analyse the gender wage gap and I review the empirical literature on the gender wage gap in developing and transition countries and its main findings. Then, I discuss the overall empirical issues related to the estimation of the gender wage gap and the issues specific to developing and transition countries. The second chapter is an empirical analysis of the gender wage gap in a developing countries, the Union of Comoros, using data from the multidimensional household budget survey “Enquete integrale auprès des ménages” (EIM) run in 2004. The interest of my work is to provide a benchmark analysis for further studies on the situation of women in the Comorian labour market and to contribute to the literature on gender wage gap in Africa by making available more information on the dynamics and mechanism of the gender wage gap, given the limited interest on the topic in this area of the world. The third chapter is an applied analysis of the gender wage gap in a transition country, Poland, using data from the Labour Force Survey (LSF) collected for the years 1994 and 2004. I provide a detailed examination of how gender earning differentials have changed over the period starting from 1994 to a more advanced transition phase in 2004, when market elements have become much more important in the functioning of the Polish economy than in the earlier phase. The main contribution of my dissertation is the application of the econometrical methodology that I describe in the beginning of the second chapter. First, I run a preliminary OLS and quantile regression analysis to estimate and describe the raw and conditional wage gaps along the distribution. Second, I estimate quantile regressions separately for males and females, in order to allow for different rewards to characteristics. Third, I proceed to decompose the raw wage gap estimated at the mean through the Oaxaca-Blinder (1973) procedure. In the second chapter I run a two-steps Heckman procedure by estimating a model of participation in the labour market which shows a significant selection bias for females. Forth, I apply the Machado-Mata (2005) techniques to extend the decomposition analysis at all points of the distribution. In Poland I can also implement the Juhn, Murphy and Pierce (1991) decomposition over the period 1994-2004, to account for effects to the pay gap due to changes in overall wage dispersion beyond Oaxaca’s standard decomposition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Valmori, Simona <1978&gt. "The gender wage gap in developing and transition countries." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/794/.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of my dissertation is to study the gender wage gap with a specific focus on developing and transition countries. In the first chapter I present the main existing theories proposed to analyse the gender wage gap and I review the empirical literature on the gender wage gap in developing and transition countries and its main findings. Then, I discuss the overall empirical issues related to the estimation of the gender wage gap and the issues specific to developing and transition countries. The second chapter is an empirical analysis of the gender wage gap in a developing countries, the Union of Comoros, using data from the multidimensional household budget survey “Enquete integrale auprès des ménages” (EIM) run in 2004. The interest of my work is to provide a benchmark analysis for further studies on the situation of women in the Comorian labour market and to contribute to the literature on gender wage gap in Africa by making available more information on the dynamics and mechanism of the gender wage gap, given the limited interest on the topic in this area of the world. The third chapter is an applied analysis of the gender wage gap in a transition country, Poland, using data from the Labour Force Survey (LSF) collected for the years 1994 and 2004. I provide a detailed examination of how gender earning differentials have changed over the period starting from 1994 to a more advanced transition phase in 2004, when market elements have become much more important in the functioning of the Polish economy than in the earlier phase. The main contribution of my dissertation is the application of the econometrical methodology that I describe in the beginning of the second chapter. First, I run a preliminary OLS and quantile regression analysis to estimate and describe the raw and conditional wage gaps along the distribution. Second, I estimate quantile regressions separately for males and females, in order to allow for different rewards to characteristics. Third, I proceed to decompose the raw wage gap estimated at the mean through the Oaxaca-Blinder (1973) procedure. In the second chapter I run a two-steps Heckman procedure by estimating a model of participation in the labour market which shows a significant selection bias for females. Forth, I apply the Machado-Mata (2005) techniques to extend the decomposition analysis at all points of the distribution. In Poland I can also implement the Juhn, Murphy and Pierce (1991) decomposition over the period 1994-2004, to account for effects to the pay gap due to changes in overall wage dispersion beyond Oaxaca’s standard decomposition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Sosa, Madison Renee. "Gender Pay Gap Analysis." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1533558382655623.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Sanner, Helge. "Imperfect goods and labor markets, and the union wage gap." Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1394/.

Full text

Abstract:

Existing theoretical literature fails to explain the differences between the pay of workers that are covered by union agreements and others who are not. This study aims at closing this gap by a single general- equilibrium approach that integrates a dual labor market and a two- sector product market. Our results suggest that the so called 'union wage gap' is largely determined by the degree of centralization of the bargains, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, by the expenditure share of the unionized sector's goods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Reiman, Cornelis Adriaan, and n/a. "Has enterprise bargaining affected the gender wage gap in Australia?" University of Canberra. Management & Technology, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.102527.

Full text

Abstract:

With the introduction of enterprise bargaining in 1991, decentralised wage determination in Australia was generally expected to widen the gender wage gap (see Chapter 3). However, as discussed in Chapter 4, the research that underlies this expectation is typically based upon aggregated data and suffers from a number of deficiencies. In contrast, this dissertation utilises unit record data from the extensive 1995 Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey (AWIRS95) commissioned by the former Department of Workplace Relations and Small Business to test the hypothesis that enterprise bargaining has affected the gender wage gap in Australia. Whilst the passing of four years between 1991 and the time of data collection may not have allowed for the landmark industrial relations change to have worked itself through the labour market, a noteworthy and major feature of AWIRS95 is that it identifies workers and workplaces operating under enterprise bargaining agreements, as well as containing a female/male split of the enterprise bargaining status (see Chapter 5). Along with hourly earnings data derived from AWIRS95, a clear assessment can be made of gender wage gaps for employees under enterprise bargaining and those not employed under enterprise bargaining. The thesis uses OLS earnings regressions to identify the part of any gender wag gap that can be justified by the difference in measured characteristics between males and females, as well as identifying the part that remains unexplained (see Chapter 7). Given the potential that workplace characteristics can affect the integrity of OLS results, a random effects model is also used (see Chapter 8). Interestingly, the OLS and random effects results are virtually identical (see Chapter 9). It needs to be noted that the component of the gender wage gap that is unable to be justified by direct statistical reference to the regression model has been attributed to discrimination in the labour market. However, this is something of a misnomer as the unjustified component also captures the impact of: � model misspecification, including excluded variables; � mismeasurement; and � errors of calculation. 111 Every effort has been made to reduce these effects. Nevertheless, there may be an element of discrimination in the regression model utilised in this thesis that is not discernible through the observable and measurable variables (see Chapter 3). Results of analysis undertaken in this thesis indicate that the gender gap, as well as the unexplained component thereof, are larger for employee data associated with enterprise bargaining than is the case for workers not so employed. Even so, the result is not deemed to be statistically significant, as is further supported by extensive sensitivity testing (see Chapters 7 and 8). Further research is needed to support the posed hypothesis. Nevertheless, the thesis still provides a wide range of interesting outcomes in providing a greater understanding of an observable gender wage gap in Australia, as well as the associated and contributing characteristics of employees and employers. It is in this capacity that the research work recorded in this thesis provides a new level of knowledge and understanding, particularly given the thorough use made of recent microdata and the observed earnings effects of selected variables. As a consequence, the results of this thesis will form a solid foundation upon which further gender wage gap debate, policy formulation and labour economics research can stand.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Sanner, Helge. "Imperfect goods and labor markets, and the union wage gap." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/651/.

Full text

Abstract:

Existing theoretical literature fails to explain satisfactorily the differences between the pay of workers that are covered by collective agreements and others who are not. This study aims at providing a model framework which is amenable for an analysis of this issue. Our general-equilibrium approach integrates a dual labor market and a two-sector product market. The results suggest that the so-called 'union wage gap' is largely determined by the degree of centralization of the bargains, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, by the expenditure share of the unionized sector's goods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Abrams, Widdicombe Aimee Samantha. "State-Provided Paid Family Leave and the Gender Wage Gap." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/792.

Full text

Abstract:

The U.S. is the only OECD country that does not offer any form of federal paid parental leave. Only three states—California, New Jersey and Rhode Island—have state paid parental leave policies; implemented in 2004, 2009 and 2014, respectively. Through descriptive statistics and a regression analysis of women and men’s wages in those three states, before and after the implementation of the policies, we assess the effects of paid leave programs on the gender wage gaps in those states. Our results show us that California’s paid family leave policy had greater effects on decreasing the gender wage gap than the policies in New Jersey and Rhode Island. In addition, our regression analysis shows us that women of childbearing age (19-45 years) saw an increase in their wages after the policy implementations, while men of childbearing age saw a decrease in their wages. This led us to the conclusion that paid family leave policies may be effective in decreasing the gender wage gap; however it is problematic that men’s wages decreased, implying that the policies may not be totally welfare optimizing. However, we came to an important conclusion that will hopefully entice more states and the federal government to implement policies to better support working parents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Nah, Myungkyun. "The male-female wage gap : a test of Becker's hypothesis /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487688973684051.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Yoon, Soohyun. "Sex segregation and gender wage gap in Korea, 1971-1998 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091985.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Magnusson, Charlotta. "Mind the gap essays on explanations of gender wage inequality /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-34058.

Full text

Abstract:

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. 3: Accepted. Härtill 3 uppsatser.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Moncada, Roberto. "The Gender Wage Gap in Italy : A Quantile Regression Analysis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388397.

Full text

Abstract:

I investigate the gender wage gap in Italy during the period 1987-2016. The analysis takes advantage of quantile regression framework to estimate gender pay differentials along the wage distribution. The observed gaps show U-shaped patterns during the entire period. The inclusion of control variables in the model leads to a flattening of the gender differentials, maintaining evidence of sticky floor effects. I examine the gap in five geographical areas, revealing heterogeneous results across the country and finding glass ceiling effects in the North, sticky floor effect in the South and a U-shaped pattern in the Islands. I use a quantile regression decomposition approach to investigate whether the male-female wage differentials are ascribable to differences in labour market attributes by gender or to differences in the rewards they receive for those characteristics. The evidence suggests that the sticky floor effects, found at national level, are mainly due to discrepancies in the returns received by male and female workers for their attributes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Fornwall, Anna. "What's the difference? : A descriptive analysis of the evolution of the family gap in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388406.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, I compare men and women with and without children to analyze the effect of children on wages and earnings. By comparing the gender wage gap to the family gap for men and women respectively, I find that there is still a persistent, yet rather small, family gap for women. The constant family gap for women supports the notion that a greater fraction of the gender wage gap can be explained by effects of having children now than previously. When using yearly earnings instead of hourly wages, the gender wage gap increases whereas the family gap for women decreases. This implies that although there are several policies with the aim of reducing gender wage differences and creating possibilities for women to combine work and family, there are still concrete effects that arise from taking the responsibility for children. Because the effect of having children is seemingly constant over time for women, the results from this study imply that specific policies are needed to prevent and battle the difference in labor market outcomes that arise because of the differing effects from caring for children.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Yang, Qiuyu. "Decomposition of wage gap between matched natives and refugees in Germany." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54632.

Full text

Abstract:

Prolonged and new regional violent conflicts have resulted in the displacement of residents in several countries. The thesis focuses on the people who arrived and applied for asylum in Germany between 2013 and 2016. Aimed to analyse their labour market integration in Germany, the thesis uses micro-data from Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) to decompose the wage gap between refugee workers and native workers in 2018. Coarsened exact matching (CEM) is used to match the characteristics of native workers with refugee workers. Five sets are generated at four different matching levels of covariates. It is found that total wage gap reaches the greatest value in the unmatched set. As the two groups' characteristics getting more and more similar, explained wage gap gradually shrinks until it becomes statistically insignificant. However, discriminatory wage gap exists in all sets and cannot be wiped out even if the characteristics get similar. CEM helps to reduce the heterogeneity between the two groups and provides a more balanced dataset and a non-overestimated labour market discrimination value.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Groero, Jaroslav. "East and West Germany after the Unification: The Wage Gap Analysis." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193373.

Full text

Abstract:

Under socialism workers had their wages set by the central planners.. In my thesis I use panel data from SHARLIFE questionnaire in order to analyze how returns to East German human capital variables changed after the reunification in 1990.I also compare these returns to West German returns to human capital variables. Before 1990 the returns to experience and education were lower in East Germany than in West Germany. After the reunification East German returns to experience obtained before 1990 and to education decreased. I find a significant decrease of returns to high educated workers who spent in the East German educational system 15 and more years. East German returns to both human capital variables are smaller than West German ones before the reunification and the difference is more pronounced after the reunification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Indira, Nagaraju Rajeev. "India's Economic Growth: Role of Political Performance and Gender Wage Gap." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4370.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation will explore how gender wage gap and political capacity represented by relative political extraction affect change in economic growth rate of a country. The main argument of the study is that gender wage gap is affecting the labor market by discouraging productive female labor force from entering the labor market. This in turn affects the efficiency and productivity of the labor market reflected in negative economic growth or economic growth potential being compromised. Here the case of Indian economy is examined. The important policy implication of this study is that it could account for the wage differential between genders and it could show how economies are missing out on the labor productivity and in turn negatively affecting the rate of economic growth. Various sociological literatures have dealt in depth with the gender wage gap and its effect on the socio-cultural fabric of a society. While the current study recognizes existence of extensive sociological theories on gender wage gap, the focus is on the economic impact of gender wage gap on the growth rate change of a country. The argument is that gender wage gap negatively affects the economic growth rate change. Economic growth literature have proved beyond doubt that economic and political factor together contribute to the economic growth of a country. Political variables such as political capacity reflects the efficiency of the government in resource extraction, its reach and allocation of those resources extracted. Such an efficient government provides the necessary environment for the economic growth. However, this political variable alone is not enough to increase economic growth of an economy. Rather governments must also possess the economic tools necessary, such as capital stock, human labor and labor force. These economic and political variables together can contribute towards an increased economic growth. How these political and economic factors combine to achieve economic growth of a country? Hence this study looks at both the economic and political variables in a model to see how they affect economic growth.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Dozier, Lorraine. "Accumulating disadvantage : the growth in the black-white wage gap among women /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8885.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Kecmanovic, Milica Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Studies of labour markets in countries in transition in South East Europe." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Economics, 2010. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44608.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis explores several aspects of the labour market in Serbia and Croatia during the process of transition from socialism to a market economy. First, it examines how women??s position in the labour market has changed in Serbia. Using five annual Labour Force Surveys (2001-2005), I find that the gender wage gap is still very low in Serbia, and is even decreasing during this period. However, decompositions that apply the Oaxaca (1974) methodology reveal that the unexplained component of the gap is very large, and is increasing. Likewise, quantile decompositions suggest that while the raw gap is falling at each of the quantiles analysed, the unexplained component is increasing at most quantiles at the same time. Thus, the relatively small gap in earnings could be masking considerable discrimination in the labour market. Second, changes in men??s wage inequality in Serbia in the period from 2001 to 2005 are analysed using five annual Labour Force Surveys. Changes in the distribution of earnings are examined using the Lemieux (2002) decomposition methodology. I find that the change in wage inequality is mostly driven by changes in wage premiums, while the effect of changes in the composition of the labour force is very small. Isolating the effect of the emerging private sector reveals that changes in the private sector size and wage premium account for an average 25 percent of the changes in inequality during this period. Third, the effect that the recent war in Croatia (1991-1995) had on the educational and employment trajectories of the 1971 birth cohort of men is investigated. This birth cohort was most affected by the armed forces draft. I treat the occurrence of the war as a natural experiment and use data from the Croatian and Slovenian Labour Force Surveys. Applying the difference-in-difference framework and comparing this cohort to adjacent cohorts, women, and to respective cohorts in Slovenia, a neighbouring country that did not experience war, I find that the war has had a negative effect on educational outcomes and a small positive effect on the employment and earnings outcomes of this cohort of men.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Gao, Christine. "The Wage Gap and its Effects on Well-Being, Motivation, and Productivity." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/934.

Full text

Abstract:

As of 2016, women in the U.S. are still making 80 cents on the dollar relative to men, and even with controls for other factors such as education, experience, and hours worked, the pay disparity is still around eight percent. The equity, efficiency wage, and Cognitive Evaluation Theories, suggest that a closed gender wage gap would be more beneficial to society. This paper uses these theories to investigate the relationship between productivity and pay disparity by using an ordinary least squares regression model to test the effects of the gender wage ratio on labor productivity while controlling for some human capital characteristics. Additionally, this paper furthers the hypotheses that the wage gap is detrimental to labor productivity and worker well-being by proposing a study in which a simulated wage gap is predicted to negatively affect worker satisfaction, motivation, and productivity. Findings and implications for further research are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Douglas, Tami Diane. "Perceptions of fairness and the wage setting process." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/773.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Campion, Taylor. "The wage gap between male and female physicians do physicians differ from other white-collar workers? /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1443.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Jacob, Marilyn. "Changes in the wage gap of gender and caste groups in India." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3452.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Hossain, Mahmood. "Immigration and its impact on the wage gap in the United States." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2408.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this thesis is to examine the effect that immigrants have on the wagegap in the United States. Immigrants have been defined in this research as individuals who have been born outside the United States whereas non-immigrants are individuals who are born in the United States and thus have automatic citizenship. The conceptual model has been divided into three component parts consisting of the Individual segment, the Structural segment and the Discrimination/Disadvantaged Groups segment. Various literatures on the subject of immigrants and the wages they earn argue that there is devaluation and sorting that takes place. Data for this thesis has been obtained from the 2008 Current Population Survey (CPS). An univariate and bivariate analysis was performed which showed that, among other variables, immigrants are more likely to be younger and have fewer years of education than non-immigrants. Data from this analysis also showed that immigrants are more likely to have at least a High School diploma. An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression analysis was also performed for this thesis. The resultant data shows that immigrants indeed earn fewer wages than non-immigrants. In addition, the data shows that the Individual model segment has a greater effect on the immigrants groups than it does for the non-immigrants.
Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Sociology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Gonzalez, Claudia. "The gender wage gap| A policy analysis of the Paycheck Fairness Act." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1589618.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite the significant participation of women in the workforce, the gender wage gap has failed to close. The policy analysis examines the Paycheck Fairness Act (PFA), a bill first introduced to Congress in 1963 and defeated on September 15, 2014. The PFA would help secure equal pay for equal work between males and females. The analysis of the PFA is based on a modified version of David Gil's framework. The analysis found that the gender gap persists across race and ethnicity, all levels of educational attainment, and careers. The PFA is the latest legislation addressing pay equity, following a succession of bills such as the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, the Equal Pay Act of 1963, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Lilly Ledbetter Act of 2009.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Olesen, Erin J. "The Gender Wage Gap across Male-Dominated, Female-Dominated, and Gender-Neutral Occupations." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/625.

Full text

Abstract:

Labor economists have persistently observed a “gap” in the earnings of men and women. In this paper, I attempt to offer a partial explanation for the gender wage gap by analyzing the gender wage gap across male-dominated, female-dominated, and gender-neutral occupations. Using data from the Current Population Survey (2010-2012), I perform three Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions across the entire sample. I then perform decompositions across male-dominated, female-dominated, and gender-neutral occupations separately using the first specification. I find that occupations of different gender concentrations (male-dominated, female-dominated, and gender-neutral) have different gender gaps. In particular, male-dominated and gender neutral occupations have a much larger gender wage gap than female-dominated occupations, even after controlling for human capital and demographic variables. Combined with previous research and summary statistics, these results seem to suggest that certain workplace factors that might contribute to a higher gender wage gap, such as workplace inflexibility and gender discrimination, could be higher among male-dominated and gender-neutral occupations than they are among female-dominated occupations; however, further research into the precise characteristics of male-dominated, gender-neutral, and female-dominated occupations is necessary to confirm this analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Faraon, Sadid. "How has the gender wage gap in Germany developed since the 1990s, and what factors can explain the gap? : A look at gender wage differentials in Germany across time." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75478.

Full text

Abstract:

Germany has a rich history being a conservative welfare state with a strong male breadwinner model. Yet, numerous changes have been made to its welfare structure since the reunification of both sides in 1990. One would then expect to see wage inequality decrease in the country during this period and in fact, it has. Having used data for the country as a whole during this period, along with two econometric approaches: OLS estimates and Oaxaca decomposition, I have been able to demonstrate that the gender wage gap in Germany has narrowed since the 1990s. Factors such as ‘years of work experience’, ‘weeks worked’ and ‘relation to household head’ are the most influential ones that have affected the gender wage gap from 1990 to 2016. In addition, it has also been observed that women have accrued less human capital compared to men during this period, which could have increased the gender wage gap. Further, discrimination experienced by women as well as other unobservable differences has significantly decreased during this period, which could point to a large decrease in the gender wage gap. With the aid of an interaction term, it has been possible to remove the increasing amount of irrelevant effects that have emerged in both of the aforementioned terms over time, thus providing us with more accurate results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Rungta, Kanupriya. "Explaining the “Explained”: An Examination of the Gender-Based Education Gap in India and its Impact on the Wage Gap." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/724.

Full text

Abstract:

Analysis of the National Sample Survey Data from 2011-2012 shows that a gender-based education gap exists. Women are more likely than men to be illiterate. Some parents continue to view household duties as more important than education in the case of girls, causing some to drop out in primary and middle school, which leads to lower experience accumulation. However, females are almost equally as likely as males to be enrolled in school, and an equal proportion of males and females earn higher education degrees. More importantly, the difference in resource allocation seems to be minimal. Although education has a strong, positive impact on wages, returns to education for women are lower than those for men. This is taken into account by parents when making education decisions for their children. As a result, the wage gap appears to be a cause and effect of the education gap.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Schneebaum, Alyssa, and Nina Schubert. "Marriage (In)equality: Does the Sexual Orientation Wage Gap Persist Across Marital Status?" WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5964/1/wp254.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the first empirical paper on the topic more than two decades ago (Badgett, 1995), the common story in the literature on wages and sexual orientation has been that gay men face a wage penalty compared to heterosexual men while lesbians are paid the same as or more than heterosexual women. However, none of the papers in the literature have thoroughly addressed the role of marital status in these wage gaps. Using data from the 2013-2015 American Community Survey and OLS as well as selection-corrected estimators, we show that the gay male penalty exists only for the group of married men, while the lesbian wage premium persists across marital status but is smaller for married lesbians.
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Sedehi, Zadeh Noor, and Morgan Larsson. "Do attitudes towards equlaity between men and women affect the gender wage gap?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66866.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this essay is to investigate how attitudes towards equality between men and women affect the gender wage gap. The essay studies how positive and negative attitudes on gender equality affects the gender income gap. This study investigates this by using data of the mean yearly incomes from 290 municipalities in Sweden during the years 2000-2008. Additionally, using a survey conducted by the SOM-institute at the Gothenburg university to measure attitudes towards gender equality. The results indicate that positive attitudes towards gender equality had a decreasing effect on the gender wage gap. A conclusion from this essay is that a more egalitarian attitude contributes to a decrease in the existing gender wage gap.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Maturana, Godoy Iván Ignacio. "Part-time and full-time work in Chile : wage gap estimation 1990 - 2006." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144685.

Full text

Abstract:

SEMINARIO DE TÍTULO para optar al título de INGENIERO COMERCIAL MENCIÓN ECONOMÍA
En este estudio, se realiza un an´alisis de la brecha salarial para el periodo comprendido entre 1990 y 2006, utilizando la metodolog´ıa de Oaxaca-Blinder. Con este prop´osito se realizaron dos brechas salariales: la diferencia salarial entre hombres y mujeres, tanto para la jornada a tiempo parcial como para tiempo completo, y la diferencia salarial entre trabajadores de jornada parcial y jornada completa, tanto para hombres como para mujeres. La importancia de esto es que as´ı se puede apreciar cuanto de la brecha observada es atribuible a discriminaci´on salarial. Tambi´en, utilizando el m´etodo de vecino m´as cercano de matching se analizo el efecto de cambiarse desde un trabajo de jornada completa a un trabajo de jornada parcial. Para estos prop´ositos se utiliz´o la encuesta CASEN, y el panel CASEN. Se encontr´o que al descomponer las brechas salariales, la discriminaci´on salarial ha ido en disminuci´on, aunque queda mucho trabajo por hacer si se compara con pa´ıses industrializados (especialmente pa´ıses escandinavos). Del matching, se obtuvo que existe un premio al salario al pasar de trabajar jornada completa en 2001 a jornada parcial en el 2006. Para el mismo cambio entre los a˜nos 1996 y 2001, sin embargo, se encontr´o que los estimadores no eran estad´ısticamente significativos.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Kearns, Jill. "CAREER INTERRUPTIONS: WAGE AND GENDER EFFECTS." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/7.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation examines the effects of career interruptions on workers’ wages. In chapter four I examine whether controlling for the type of interruption differently affects men’s and women’s wages and therefore can be used to explain the remaining gender wage differences. The increased participation of married women in the labor force has increased their wages from just 30% of men’s wages in 1890 to nearly 80% as of 2001. Thus, although the gender wage gap has narrowed over time, it has yet to be eliminated. One argument for the persistence of the gender wage gap is that previously researchers have used poor measures of experience to estimate men’s and women’s wages. Although previous studies have made strides in measuring experience, including controls for the timing of work experience, the gender wage gap persists. I extend the wage-gap literature by including controls for the types of interruptions men and women encounter. Because they typically experience different types of interruptions, I examine whether the varying types affect wages differently. I control for the types of interruptions and find similar effects for men’s and women’s wages. My study shows that types of job interruptions do not explain the remaining wage differentials. The fifth chapter extends from the fourth chapter by including controls for all periods of unpaid leave from work. I examine whether wage differences exist between workers who return to their current employer post-interruption versus those who change employers post-interruption. I find differences in the wage effects from different types of unpaid leave for men and women. Chapter six extends from previous chapters by including controls for all periods of paid leave from work in addition to unpaid leaves from work. I examine whether depreciation effects occur when women spend time out of work but receive compensation through paid maternity leaves. I find no evidence that time out of work because of paid maternity leaves depreciates skills.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Ko, Derek M. "The Wage Returns to Same-Sex Parenthood and Their Role in Sexual Orientation Wage Differentials." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1163.

Full text

Abstract:

Using data from the 2013 American Community Survey, the author examines the wage returns to same-sex parenthood and their role in the sexual orientation wage gap. Specifically, he compares individuals by gender, sexual orientation, and household earner status. The importance of accounting for household specialization among heterosexual men and women is illustrated by the significant differences in returns to parenthood between heterosexuals of the same gender, but different earner statuses. The empirical results show that gay men face a fatherhood penalty for the presence of children between the ages of 5 and 18 irrespective of earner status. Lesbians on the other hand, experience motherhood premiums for the presence of children under the age of 5, but modest motherhood penalties for the presence of children between the ages of 5 and 18. Ultimately, differences in the wage returns to parenthood for gays, lesbians, and their respective heterosexual counterparts play a negligible role in sexual orientation wage differentials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Hansen, Marcus. "A study about gender pay gap for nurses in Denmark : Is there a the gender wage gap for nurses in Denmark?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96212.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigates the gender earnings gap among nurses in Denmark years 2004-2016. The data at hand will be from Luxembourg Income studies which provided 7078 observations. Furthermore, ordinary least squares method with gender as dummy variable will be conducted. The findings are a raw male-female annual wage gap of 13 percent. After adding control variables, the gap decreased to 7.4 percent. The remaining wage gap can be due to unobservable characteristics. However, discrimination cannot be discounted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wage gap'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles