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1
McCartan, Patrick John. "Competition and segmentation : an analysis of wage determination and labour adjustments in manufacturing industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001453.
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The thesis itself proceeds according to the following outline. Chapter One is concerned with the neoclassical theory of the labour market. Three particular models are surveyed all of which attempt to explain wage differentials and labour adjustments within a competitive equilibrium framework. The basic model of the labour market which rests upon the marginal productivity theory of labour demand, the utility-maximising approach to labour supply and the competitive theory of market equilibrium is dealt with first.This is followed by an outline of human capital theory which emphasises the crucial role played by education and training in determining individual earnings . Finally, attention is focused on disequilibrium wage models of adjustment which account for wage dispersion in terms of the amount and quality of information available to transactors in the labour market.(Introduction, p. 3-4)
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Figerl, Jürgen, and Thomas Grandner. "Job quality and wages in duopsony." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1304/1/document.pdf.
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In a simple oligopsonistic model, firms compete for labour through wages and job qualities. We modify the product market model developed by Vandenbosch/Weinberg 1995 and apply it to the job market with jobs being defined by two vertically differentiated non-wage characteristics. Workers differ in their valuation of these two characteristics but do not differ in their productivity. In equilibrium firms offer different wages and differ in only one of these non-wage characteristics. Whereas our labour market model is based on firms, we apply subclasses according to the UK SIC(2003) in our empirical analysis. When comparing subclasses within selected sectors (WERS) we found evidence that firms compete in both wages and job qualities. (author´s abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Sanner, Helge. "Imperfect goods and labor markets, and the union wage gap." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/651/.
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Existing theoretical literature fails to explain satisfactorily the differences between the pay of workers that are covered by collective agreements and others who are not. This study aims at providing a model framework which is amenable for an analysis of this issue. Our general-equilibrium approach integrates a dual labor market and a two-sector product market. The results suggest that the so-called 'union wage gap' is largely determined by the degree of centralization of the bargains, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, by the expenditure share of the unionized sector's goods.
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Wang, Yongying. "Corporate governance and product market competition : tree essays." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC018/document.
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Ma thèse intitulée “Gouvernance d'entreprise et concurrence sur le marché des produits” est composée de trois chapitres théoriques relevant essentiellement de l'Économie Industrielle. L'objectif principal est d'étudier comment le marché des produits interagit à la fois avec l'intérêt des parties prenantes lorsque l'information est parfaite et avec les incitations managériales (statiques et dynamiques) lorsque l'information est imparfaite.Le premier chapitre porte sur les interactions entre le mode de concurrence sur le marché des produits (Cournot vs. Bertrand) et les relations (conflictuelles ou conciliantes) entre les principaux acteurs (actionnaires, consommateurs et employés) lorsque l'intérêt des consommateurs est pris en compte dans la fonction objectif de la firme. Nous considérons un duopole symétrique où les firmes négocient préalablement avec les syndicats sur le salaire versé aux employés et puis se concurrencent entre elles sur le marché des biens. Nous montrons que l'orientation client (mesurée par le degré de prise en compte du surplus des consommateurs) peut inverser la hiérarchie traditionnelle entre les équilibres de Cournot et les équilibres de Bertrand. Une concurrence en prix (par rapport à une concurrence en quantité) est à même d'atténuer les conflits entre les actionnaires et les consommateurs et entre les actionnaires et les employés.Le deuxième chapitre examine comment les incitations managériales pourraient interagir avec la concurrence sur le marché des produits dans un contexte de sélection adverse et d'aléa moral. Nous considérons un oligopole de Cournot composé de n firmes identiques dont le coût marginal initial est une information privée du manager. L'effort du manager, qui est non observable, réduit indirectement le coût marginal initial. Dans un tel contexte, nous montrons qu'à l'optimum les paiements incitatifs versés aux managers ne sont pas nécessairement influencés par la concurrence sur le marché des produits.Le troisième chapitre étudie comment le contrat optimal entre l'actionnaire et le manager (résolution d'aléa moral répété) peut influencer la stabilité d'un cartel. Nous considérons un cartel composé de deux firmes identiques et dans chaque firme un actionnaire neutre à l'égard du risque offre un menu de contrats à un manager averse au risque. L'effort du manager influence le coût marginal de la firme (comme au chapitre 2) à chaque période. Nous montrons que, contrairement au cas où l'information est parfaite, le degré d'aversion au risque du manager n'impacte pas la stabilité du cartel lorsque le contrat optimal à long terme est mis en place. Le contrat optimal résout le problème d'aléa moral répété et limite également le pouvoir discrétionnaire du manager sur la décision de conduite du marché (collusion, déviation, ou compétition)My thesis entitled « Corporate governance and product market competition : three essays » is a theoretical research in industrial organization. The primary objective is to investigate how product market (competition or collusion) interacts with the top-level design of corporate governance, which concerns specifically the stakeholders' relationships and managerial incentives (static and dynamic) under imperfect information. It is mainly based on three chapters dealing with different subtopics of this theme.The first chapter examines how social concern and product market competition (Cournot vs. Bertrand) may influence the relationships (conflicting or conciliating) between main stakeholders (shareholders, consumers and employees). We consider two identical firms, both taking care of the interests of consumers in their objective functions and allowing their employees' wages be negotiated with labor unions. We show that social concern may reverse the traditional ranking between Cournot and Bertrand equilibria. Our model also shows that price competition (compared to quantity competition) can to some extent attenuate the shareholders' conflicts with both consumers and employees.The second chapter investigates how managerial incentive payment under both adverse selection and moral hazard might interact with product market competition. We consider a Cournot oligopoly market consisting of n identical managerial firms, of which the initial marginal cost is the manager's private information and his unobservable effort indirectly reduces the initial level of marginal cost. We show with this setting that the optimal incentive payment solving informational problems is not necessarily influenced by product market competition.The third chapter studies how the optimal contract between shareholder and manager (solving repeated moral hazard) may influence the stability of a cartel. We consider a cartel consisting of two identical firms, within each a risk neutral shareholder offers a menu of contracts to a risk-averse manager who may shirk in each period. The manager's unobservable effort influences the firm's marginal cost (as in chapter 2). We show in contrary with the benchmark case (under perfect information) that the degree of risk-aversion plays no longer a role upon the stability of collusion: when the managerial compensation is independent of gross profit, the implementation of the optimal long-term contract solves repeated moral hazard but also constrains the manager's discretion over the decision of market conduct (collusion, deviation, or competition)
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Ohlson, Mikael. "Essays on Immigrants and Institutional Change in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Växjö : Växjö University Press, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2437.
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Belayadi, Rabab. "Mobilité du capital, chômage et politiques publiques : trois essais." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC034.
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Cette thèse étudie les effets de mobilité des capitaux sur les politiques publiques dans une situation de sous-emploi. Nous traitons cette question selon trois axes. D'abord, nous introduisons le chômage dans le cadre d'analyse usuel de la concurrence fiscale afin d'étudier l'effet de mobilité du capital sur l'offre de biens publics pour établir que le résultat classique de sous-provision de biens publics est remis en question dès qu'on lève l'hypothèse de plein emploi. Nous menons ensuite une étude de la politique du salaire minimum sous la contrainte de mobilité des capitaux lorsque son rôle est de corriger la répartition des revenus. Nous montrons que la mobilité du capital conduit à la fixation d'un salaire minimum trop faible lorsque les Gouvernements ne sont pas capables de coopération. Enfin, nous analysons dans un troisième axe, l'effet de la mobilité des capitaux sur les politiques publiques en terme d'efficacité lorsque le marché du travail est soumis à des friction. A cet effet, nous utilisons un modèle d'appariement où le stock du capital est exogène. Deux résultats principaux émergent. Le premier résultat montre que le salaire minimum est un moyen d'améliorer l'efficacité du marché du travail en économie fermée; le second est que la mobilité du capital n'affecte pas l'efficacité de la politique du salaire minimum (ainsi conçue) en économie ouverteThis thesis studies the influence of capital mobility on public policies in an imperfect labor market. We present three contributions to provide some insights on this issue. Firstly, we introduce unemployment into the capital tax competition literature to study the effect of capital mobility on the provision of public goods. Our analysis shows that the usual result of underprovision of public goods is not always preserved in the presence of unemployment. We then investigate the minimum wage policy under the constraint of capital mobility when its role is to adjust the distribution of incomes. We find that, in a non-cooperative context, capital mobility would constrain governments to set lower minimum wages.Finally, we study the influence of capital mobility on the efficiency of labor market policies when governments cannot cooperate. Using a search-matching model with an exogenous stock of capital, we find that implementing a minimum wage can make the decentralized equilibrium coincide with a social optimum in a closed economy. Next we extend the analysis to an n-country economy, the most surprising result being that capital mobility does not affect the efficiency of public policy
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Kilicaslan, Yilmaz. "Industrial Structure And Labour Markets: A Study On Productivity Growth." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606206/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to provide evidence on the relations between productivity, industrial structure, and labour markets for countries with different characteristics from 1965 to 1999. In order to do so, we first examine manufacturing industry production and trade with respect to both technology orientation and intensity, the impact of structural change on productivity growth, and the existence of convergence in industrial structures. Second, this study investigates the impact of labour market and industrial structures on aggregate productivity in manufacturing. While descriptive analysis of manufacturing industry with regard to technological orientation and intensity shows changing industrial structures in favour of relatively more technology intensive production and exports especially in fast growing countries, decomposition analysis suggests that the impact of structural change on productivity growth is negligible for most of the countries. The factor analysis revealed that although a general structural convergence tendency among countries is not observed, fast growing countries have converged their industrial structure towards those of industrialised countries. Finally, econometric estimation results also showed that while wage flexibility is detrimental to productivity in manufacturing, regulations in labour markets may foster productivity growth.
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Kamei, Keita. "Essays on International Trade and Oligopoly." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199049.
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Kereme, Philip Tene, and n/a. "Youth unemployment and schooling in relation to human resources development in Papua New Guinea." University of Canberra. Teacher Education, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050712.120913.
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Rocha-Akis, Silvia. "Labour tax policies and strategic offshoring under unionised oligopoly." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/394/1/document.pdf.
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In a model with a unionised immobile labour force we analyse how labour taxes and transfers towards unemployed workers are optimally chosen when a welfare maximising government faces oligopolistic and partly mobile firms. We consider two polar types of government: one whose objective consists of aximising the sum of domestic producer's and consumers' surplus and one that aims at maximising employed and unemployed workers' payoffs. We show that depending on the combination of foreign labour costs, the degree of domestic union bargaining power, and the sunk costs of relocation, the former type of government may choose to set taxes so as to induce an outward relocation of production. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Ayanle, Hassan Shiekh-Ali. "Mode competition in cross-waves." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184872.
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Cross-waves generated by an oscillating wavemaker in a rectangular wave tank are examined when two or more modes are simultaneously unstable. The partial differential equations governing the evolution of the complex amplitude of inviscid cross-waves are shown to be two coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations with transverse modulations. Energy dissipation in the system is taken into account by the inclusion of a linear viscous damping term into the amplitude equations. A linearized stability analysis is performed on these equations to determine the critical modes, the growth rates and the stability curves. A center manifold analysis is used to reduce the PDE's to a system of ODE's in the neighborhood of a codimension two point where two adjacent spanwise modes are simultaneously nearly marginal. Four possible steady states of the system are found, one of which is a mixed mode state. A Hopf bifurcation from the mixed mode is predicted for a certain region of the parameter plane, suggesting the possibility of energy interchange between the two modes. The stability of the Hopf bifurcation is determined by studying a fifth order problem, where the quintic contributions come from the higher modes as well as the perturbations of damping and detuning.
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Turu, Michelle Lisboa. "Diferencial salarial público-privado e competição política nos municípios brasileiros." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13449.
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Existem diferenças entre o trabalho no setor público e no setor privado no Brasil que podem abarcar desde diferenças entre os benefícios que cada setor concede a seus funcionários (setor público concede mais benefícios que o privado) até diferenças na remuneração que cada setor concede a funcionários com as mesmas características (experiência, educação, idade, etc). Outro tipo de diferença entre o trabalho nesses dois setores é relativa aos objetivos finais de cada um dos setores. Enquanto o objetivo do setor privado é claramente a maximização de lucros, o setor público tem como objetivo atender à demanda de bens públicos. O suprimento de bens públicos é de interesse de 3 grupos na sociedade: a burocracia, os políticos e a população. No entanto, esses 3 grupos tem interesses distintos, o que pode resultar em uma alocação sub-ótima de recursos destinados à oferta de bens públicos. Uma das hipóteses formuladas sobre esse problema diz que burocracia e a classe política se unem para atingir seus objetivos em detrimento da população. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a relação entre burocratas, políticos e população no que concerne os recursos disponíveis para a oferta de bens públicos nos municípios brasileiros. Para tanto, será verificada qual é relação entre o diferencial salarial público-privado e: 1) a competição política; e, 2) o calendário eleitoral. Os resultados não são conclusivos sobre a relação entre calendário eleitoral e diferencial salarial público-privado. No entanto, apontam para uma relação positiva entre competição política e o diferencial salarial público-privado.
In Brazil, there are differences between labor in the public sector and labor in the private sector that can range from benefits each sector concedes to their workers (public sect being the one that concedes more benefits than private) to differences in wages each sector pays to workers with same characteristics (experience, education, age, etc). Another difference between these two sectors relates to their final objectives. While the private sector objective is clearly the profit maximization, the public sector objective is to meet the public goods demand. The supplying of public goods is of interest to 3 groups in society: the bureaucracy, the politicians and the population. Nevertheless, these 3 groups have different interests, which can result in a sub-optimal allocation of resources dedicated to public goods. One hypothesis formulated about this problem says the bureaucracy and the politicians unite to achieve their objectives to the detriment of the population. This work aims to investigate the relationship between the bureaucracy, the politicians and the population concerning the available resources to the supply of public goods at the Brazilian municipalities. For this purpose, it will be verified what is the relationship between the public-private sector wage difference and: 1) the political competition; and, 2) the electoral calendar. The results were not conclusive about the electoral calendar and the public-private wage differences. Nevertheless, results point to a positive relationship between political completion and the public-private wage difference.
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Wright, Peter. "Unions, unionisation and imperfectly competitive labour markets : a theoretical and empirical analysis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284064.
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Decent, Stephen Paul. "Hysteresis and mode competition in Faraday waves." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14054.
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Faraday waves arise on the surface of a liquid in a container that is undergoing vertical periodic oscillations. We investigate two-dimensional Faraday waves in a long rectangular container, both theoretically and experimentally. Hysteresis occurs when both finite amplitude solutions and the flat surface solution are available. We derive a nonlinear model of a standing wave, extending the Lagrangian method of Miles (1976). The model is used to investigate hysteresis. It is found necessary to retain cubic damping, cubic forcing and the fifth-order conservative term in order to achieve agreement with experiments. The fifth-order conservative term was omitted from all previous studies of Faraday waves. Stable limit cycles are found to arise from this single-mode equation. We examine the structure of this new solution in detail, both analytically and numerically. We describe local bifurcations using a multiple time scales analysis and global bifurcations using Melnikov's method. The coefficients of linear and cubic damping are derived for a standing wave in a rectangular container by considering energy dissipation in the main body of the fluid (due to potential flow and streaming) and in boundary layers at the sidewalls and at the surface. Surface contamination, due to the presence of a thin viscoelastic surface film, creates a boundary layer at the surface which causes enhanced dissipation comparable to, or greater than, that caused by the boundary layers at the walls of the container. Three-mode interaction equations are used to model intermittency and complex modulations which are found to arise from a sideband instability mechanism similar to that of Eckhaus (1963) and Benjamin & Feir (1967). The role of cubic and fifth-order nonlinear terms on this instability mechanism is examined. Theoretical results are found to compare quite favourably with experimental data.
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Marini, Marco. "Wages determination and firm's behaviour under strategic market competition." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1472/.
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It is commonplace in wage determination models and, in general, in economic models as a whole, to treat the workers' outside option as given. The main purpose of the present work is to remove, in various ways, this assumption. The work is organized as follows. The first chapter is devoted to introducing the thesis topic and the related literature. The second chapter describes an economy in which the workers hired by a firm acquire without cost a firm-specific skill that enables them to potentially become independent producers. Thus, by modelling explicitly the workers' decision to stay or to leave the firm, a stable earning profile for the economy is characterized. Such a stable earning profile can allow for a workers' compensation higher than the basic neoclassical wage and for pay differentials across industries even for initially homogenous workers. The third chapter shows that the existence of a concrete outside option for firms' managers can induce, under specific circumstances, oligopolistic firms to adopt restrictive output practises. In particular, the conditions under which, in a Cournot oligopoly, existing firms behave more collusively than in a standard Cournot model, are carefully defined. The fourth chapter considers the problem of producer co-operatives' (PCs) stability. It shows that PCs' instability argued in the literature can fail to hold in very competitive and low barrier-to-entry markets in which, potentially, dismissed members have a chance to set up new firms. In the fifth and conclusive chapter a new concept of core-stability for n-cooperative games is introduced and applied both to the problem of cartel formation under oligopoly and to an economy with a public good. Such a solution concept, denoted o-core, assumes that when a coalition deviates from an agreement, it possesses a first-mover advantage with respect to all other players.
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Vainiomaki, Jari Turkka Juhani. "Essay on non-competitive markets, effort and wages." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313615.
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Scaramozzino, Pasquale. "Wages and employment in non-competitive labour markets." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1098/.
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This thesis consists of an introduction and two parts. Part I deals with wage and employment determination under labour bargaining, and is formed of chapters 1 and 2. Part II looks at the role of inflation expectations in macroeconomic models, and is divided into chapters 3, 4 and 5. Chapter 1 sets forth and tests a model of labour bargaining in which the firm and the union are only constrained by the other party's available market alternatives if these are credible. Empirical findings, based on a panel of UK manufacturing firms, show some support for the main predictions of the model. Chapter 2 generalizes the theoretical framework developed in the previous chapter and explores its robustness with respect to changes to some of the assumptions. Chapter 3 assesses the literature on the relationship between inflation expectations, wage and price flexibility and variability of output. Expectations of future price changes may have a destabilizing effect on output if expected inflation moves procyclically. Chapter 4 looks at an overlapping wage contract model and derives analytical conditions for output destabilization to occur as wages and prices become more flexible. A new classical specification of the supply side is then considered, and price rigidity is established to be neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for increased output volatility. Chapter 5 analyses a monopolistically competitive framework with synchronized wage setting. Explicit consideration of the expected inflation effect makes employment and output variability more likely to increase with contract length.
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Zyman, Steve. "The effect of the increased wage gap on the competitive balance of Major League Baseball." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/586.
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Commendatore, Pasquale, and Ingrid Kubin. "The dynamics of wages and employment in a model of monopolistic competition and efficient bargaining." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2003. http://epub.wu.ac.at/982/1/document.pdf.
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Modern macroeconomic models with a Keynesian flavour usually involve nominal rigidities in wages and commodity prices. A widely used conceptual framework is specifying a wage-setting and a price setting equation, while a more explicit microfoundation recurs to wage bargaining in the labour markets and monopolistic competition in the commodity markets; (Blanchard and Giavazzi, 2001). Characteristic for those approaches is that deregulating the labour markets (i.e. reducing the bargaining power of workers and/or reducing the unemployment benefits) and/or deregulating the commodity markets (i.e. reducing the market power of commodity suppliers) increases equilibrium employment. However, those models are typically static models which do not specify explicitly the economic process in time. In the following paper, we develop a dynamic macroeconomic model in which commodity markets are characterised by monopolistic competition and labour markets by wage bargaining. The number of firms is fixed; the incorporation of firm entry and exit is left for further research. In our analysis the equilibrium solution is a fixed point of the dynamic model which exhibits the usual comparative static properties (deregulating the labour and/or the commodity market increases employment). However, depending upon the parameters the fixed point may loose stability through a Flip-bifurcation giving rise to cyclical solutions. We show analytically that commodity and labour market deregulation may lead to instability; in numerical simulation we even found cases in which deregulation leads to lower average employment. Both results, valid in a dynamic framework, contrast with the usual comparative static properties.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Henrickson, Kevin E. "Labor and industrial organization topics in transportation economics : wages and deregulation, spatial demand and competition, and intermodal rates /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1192186851&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-109). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Steenekamp, Travis. "Quantification of pre-competitive sleep/wake behaviour in a sample of South African cyclists." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59015.
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The quantification of athlete pre-competitive sleep behaviour is of interest owing to the possibility that sleep loss may have a negative effect on health and performance. The purpose of this study was to monitor and quantify the sleep/wake patterns of South African cyclists prior to competitive races. A total of 336 cyclists, male and female and of differing competition levels, cycling in either the 2015 Tsogo Sun Amashova or the 2016 Telkom 94.7 Cycle Challenge completed an altered version of the Competitive Sports and Sleep Questionnaire. The questionnaire asked cyclists to report on precompetitive sleep over the past year. A subset of 92 cyclists also recorded a Core Consensus Sleep Diary for the three nights leading up to the races. The questionnaire showed that 67% of the cyclists reported worsened sleep at least once prior to competition within the past 12 months. The sleep diary found that the cyclists’ average sleep duration the night before the races was 6h19min (±1h38min), which was significantly less than two and three nights prior to the races. Sleep quality was also shown to deteriorate significantly the night before the races. The contributing factors leading to worsened pre-competitive sleep were the time the cyclists had to wake-up as well as perceived increases in sleep latency and awakenings after sleep onset. Anxiety was found to be the major cause of sleep disturbances. While females were found to be significantly more likely to report having experienced poorer sleep before competition in the past year, the sleep diary showed no difference in sleep the night before the races between the sexes. Females were significantly more likely to report instances of unpleasant dreams and waking up during the night. Again, the sleep diary data did not corroborate these findings. Females were also found to report significantly more accounts of nervousness or thoughts about competition as being the cause of sleep problems. There was no difference in sleep loss the night before competition when comparing competition-level groups. The only significant difference was that recreational cyclists were more likely to report sleeping in foreign environments as a cause of sleep disturbances. Despite a large percentage of cyclists experiencing pre-competitive sleep loss, over half (55%) perceived sleep loss to have no impact on their performance. Analysis of pre-sleep behaviour also revealed that the cyclists engaged in several practices that may have a negative effect on subsequent sleep. The vast majority of the cyclists (61%) indicated having no specific strategy to help them sleep the night before competition. Fifteen percent of cyclists reporting using media devices to help them fall asleep, a practice that has been shown to disrupt sleep. In conclusion, most cyclists, regardless of sex and level of competition experience precompetitive sleep loss attributed largely to anxiety but with the perception that this loss in sleep does not negatively impact their performance.
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Sellam, Mohamed Amine. "Competition between charge density wave and metallic/superconducting states in metastable 1T-TaS2 and 1T-VS2 synthesised under high pressure." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066585.
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L’objectif de cette Thèse est une étude de la stabilité des phases d’onde de densité de charge (CDW) et supraconductrice en compétition dans les dichalcogénures lamellaires de métaux de transition. Dans ce but, nous avons employé une technique de synthèse sous haute pression pour induire des modifications de la structure cristalline dans deux composés 1T-TaS2 et 1T-VS2 ayant la même structure 1T (ou de type CdI2) et la même configuration électronique d1. Dans le cas de 1T-TaS2, notre étude de diffraction de rayons X synchrotron et de neutrons sur poudre montre que des conditions de synthèse de 2-6 GPa et 400 °C induisent un désordre dans les plans S et une contraction (expansion) notable de l’axe a dans les plans (c hors plan). Ceci suggère un modèle de désordre d’orientation de ces plans correspondant à l’empilement aléatoire de couches TaS2 de type 1T ou 2H qui correspondent à une coordinance octaédrique ou trigonal prismatique des ions Ta. Ce modèle est en accord avec nos mesures magnétiques et de transport. Cette phase désordonnée est caractérisée par deux phases CDW, une non commensurée, l’autre quasi-commensurée (NCCDW, ICCDW), observées à température ambiante et à basse température respectivement. Ces phases diffèrent de celles observées dans les composés 1T ou 2H synthétisés sous conditions standard. Cette différence met en évidence la métastabilité du composé synthétisé sous haute pression et explique son comportement paramagnétique et métallique/supraconducteur avec Tc ~ 2. 5 K. Afin d’étudier les propriétés supraconductrices, nous avons intercalé le carbone entre les plans à des concentrations x = 0. 05-0. 3 sous les mêmes conditions de pression et de température. Une augmentation notable de Tc a été observée. Notamment, la dépendance de Tc avec x montre un maximum de 4 K pour x=0. 2. Considérant que l’électronégativité du carbone est identique à celle du souffre, ce résultat démontre que la stabilisation de la phase supraconductrice est uniquement due à la séparation des plans et l’effet du dopage sujet à controverse dans la littérature peut être exclu. Dans le cas de 1T-VS2, nous avons réussi la synthèse de la phase stoichiométrique de haute pureté sous forme de poudre à des conditions de haute pression (P = 4 GPa) et à T = 700 °C. Des travaux précédents concernent uniquement la synthèse par dé-intercalation de Li à partir de LiVS2, donc ce résultat montre que 1T-VS2 est une phase métastable à haute pression. Dans ce cas la synthèse à haute pression produit un composé bien cristallisé et sans désordre, ce qui a permis un affinement structural de haute qualité entre 5 et 300 K par diffraction de rayons X synchrotron. Les données montrent que la structure reste de type CdI2 dans toute cette gamme de température. Cependant, une expansion thermique négative de l’axe c est observée dans la gamme 50-150 K, ce qui reflète une augmentation anormale de la distance V-S. Cette anomalie est accompagnée d’un crossover marqué du comportement Curie-Weiss; à haute température la constante de Weiss = – 43 K révèle un échange antiférromagnétique qui devient négligeable à basse température, alors que le moment localisé et le terme paramagnétique de Pauli restent inchangés. Cela reflète un changement dans les propriétés de cohésion de l’orbitale hybride 3d(V)-3p(S). Le crossover de régime magnétique est corrélé à un crossover de régime de transport; la résistivité électrique dc montre un comportement métallique à haute température et faiblement isolante au dessous de 200 K. Ce résultat contredit la prédiction d’une phase métallique très stable selon des calculs ab initio dans le cadre de la théorie de la fonctionelle densité. Ce désaccord conduit à formuler l’hypothèse que l’interaction d’échange joue un rôle déterminant sur l’état fondamental et que un état métallique peut être stabilisé sous haute pression
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Park, Jungwan. "Characteristic behavior of a side branch in a dendritic crystal growth." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1187198212.
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Macrì, Marco Nicola. "The German economy : the gains in competitive advantage over the last three decades." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17058.
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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusEsta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar alguns dos elementos que desencadearam a transformação económica da Alemanha, desde o período imediatamente posterior à sua unificação até à hegemonia económica europeia que detém atualmente . Desde o final da década de 1990 até o início dos anos 2000, a Alemanha era frequentemente referida como "the sick man of Europe". Hoje, após a Recessão de 2009, ela se estabeleceu como o motor do continente e superpotência regional. A primeira parte do estudo diz respeito ao processo que permitiu a queda dos salários reais, o que consequentemente causou uma redução no custo unitário do trabalho. Além disso, a German Central-European Supply Chain (GCESC), que representa uma cadeia global de valor entre a Alemanha e quatro países do antigo bloco soviético, teve de certa forma importância nas mudanças que afetaram a Alemanha na última década. Em seguida, a análise também descreve o impacto que a moeda do euro pode ter tido sobre a economia, ou seja, se ela teve alguma influência sobre o desenvolvimento do comércio. Os resultados sugerem que todos os elementos analisados nesta investigação, especificamente o crescimento comprimido dos salários, a integração na cadeia de valor identificada como a Cadeia de fornecimento da Alemanha Central e a moeda do euro tiveram alguns impactos na vantagem competitiva.
This research has as its main goal to unveil some of the elements that triggered the economic transformation of Germany, from the period immediately following its unification to a great deal of power it represents today. Since the late 1990s until the early 2000s, Germany was frequently referred to as "the sick man of Europe." Today, after the Great Recession of 2009, it has established itself as the engine of the continent and regional superpower. The first part of the study concerns the process that allowed the fall of real salaries, which has consequently caused a reduction in the unit cost of labor. Moreover, the German-Central European supply Chain (GCESC) which is a value chain between Germany and four countries of the former Soviet bloc, has had some degree of importance in the changes that have affected Germany in the last decade. Then the analysis also describes the impact that the Euro currency might have had on the economy, namely if it has had some influence on the development of trade. The findings suggest that all the elements analysed in this investigation, specifically the compressed growth of the salaries, the integration in the value chain identified as the German-Central European Supply Chain and the euro currency have had some impacts on the competitive advantage of Germany.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Messina, Frédéric. "Équilibre concurrentiel et sport professionnel : l'exemple du football européen." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10066.
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L'analyse concurrentielle du marché pertinent du football professionnel européen fait ressortir le saisissant contraste présent entre la force de l'exigence d'une concurrence "libre" et "non faussée" et la relativité de son existence sur le marché. Depuis l'arrêt "Bosman" et la reconnaissance par la Cour de justice de la liberté de circulation des sportifs professionnels, l'économie concurrentielle du marché en cause est inégalitaire et le sort de la compétition économique prévisible. En supprimant les clauses de nationalité, qui limitaient les flux transnationaux de joueurs et l'impact de l'hétérogénéité des systèmes fiscaux sur le processus concurrentiel, les juges de Luxembourg ont structurellement remis en cause les conditions de concurrence du marché. En effet, les clubs au "coin socio-fiscal du travail" élevé ont vu leur liberté concurrentielle être affectée et leur chance de réussir, dans la compétition économique, considérablement se réduire. Leur incapacité fiscale à proposer, à coût égal, des rémunérations attractives et compétitives aux facteurs de concurrence que sont les joueurs, s'est traduite, dans le contexte de la libéralisation du marché, par un "état d'infériorité structurelle". Cette situation immédiatement contraire aux objectifs des Traités a engendré une allocation inefficace des richesses du marché et une qualité disparate de l'offre de spectacle sportif au sein de la CommunautéThe competitive analysis of the relevant market of the European professional football highlights the striking contrast between the strength of the requirement of a “free” and “undistorted” competition and the relativity of its existence on the market.Since the “Bosman” decision and the recognition by the European Court of Justice of the freedom of movement for professional sportsmen, the competitive economy of the relevant market is non-egalitarian and the result of economic competition is predictable. By suppressing the nationality clauses which limited the transnational flows of the players and the impact of heterogeneity of tax systems on the competitive process, the judges of Luxembourg structurally altered the competitive conditions into the market. Indeed, football clubs at “the wedge between labour costs and net wages” saw their competitive freedom being affected and their chance to succeed in the economic competition considerably reduced. Their tax incapacity to propose, at equal cost, attractive and competitive payments to the competition factors that are the players, has translated, in the context of the liberalization of the market, by a “structural inferiority state”. This situation at once went against the objectives of the Treaties causing an inefficient allowance of the wealth in the market, as well as an ill-assorted quality of the sport entertainment offer within the Common Market
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Pallas, Florent. "Etude théorique et expérimentale du fonctionnement bifréquence de microlasers continus et impulsionnels pour la génération d'ondes RF et THz." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877894.
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Parmi les approches possibles pour réaliser des sources térahertz dans la gamme0,2 - 2 THz, nous nous sommes intéressés à la voie optoélectronique qui consiste à générerl'onde térahertz par le photomélange de deux ondes lasers à des fréquences optiques. Letravail présenté dans cette thèse concerne l'étude de lasers bi-fréquence capables d'émettreles deux ondes requises simultanément. Nous commençons par développer un modèlethéorique décrivant la compétition de gain entre les modes laser grâce au calcul de différentscoefficients de couplage. Sur le plan expérimental, nous montrons tout d'abord qu'endésalignant légèrement un des miroirs de la cavité laser, il est possible d'obtenir un régimestable d'émission sur deux fréquences pourtant en compétition dans le milieu à gain, ici uncristal dopé néodyme. Nous nous intéressons ensuite au régime impulsionnel et montronsque les impulsions peuvent être synchronisées grâce à l'action d'un laser externe. Enfin, leprocessus de photomélange a été réalisé et des ondes électromagnétiques ont été généréesdans le domaine des radio-fréquences autour de 20 GHz.
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Rode, Julian. "Experiments of ethics and economic behavior." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7362.
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The dissertation employs laboratory experimental methodology to study decision-making when people face trade-offs between ethical and economic values. More explicitly, the three chapters investigate 1) consumer behaviour when a substantially equivalent version of a product is more expensive because it was produced without child labour, 2) the interaction between an expert advisor and an ignorant decision-maker, when the former may gain from lying and the latter has to decide whether or not to trust in the advice, and 3) fairness in divisions of an economic gain between two people who were both involved in creating the gain, but only one of them provided real effort. Here, a focus is on the impact of power structure, i.e. who decides, on divisions and fairness judgments. All studies discuss implications of experimental behaviour for market and business domains. In addition, the thesis emphasizes ethical theories as complementary to normative benchmark from economic and psychological theory.La tesis utiliza una metodología experimental para investigar las decisiones de los individuos cuando hay un conflicto entre valores éticos y económicos. Mas específicamente, los tres capítulos investigan sobre 1) el comportamiento del consumidor cuando se enfrenta a dos versiones de un mismo producto, siendo una de ellas más cara por ser producida sin trabajo infantil, 2) la interacción entre un agente experto y un agente desinformado que debe tomar una decisión confiando o no en el consejo del experto, el cuál puede mentir para ganar más dinero, y 3) el reparto justo de una ganancia económica entre dos personas de las cuales sólo una ha contribuido trabajando en un ejercicio. Este último estudio se centra en el impacto de la estructura de poder, es decir quién decide, en el reparto y en los juicios de que es lo justo. Los estudios analizan las implicaciones del comportamiento experimental sobre los mercados y las empresas. Además, la tesis propone teorías éticas para complementar las teorías económicas y psicológicas.
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CHENG, KUEI-YUAN, and 鄭貴元. "Two Empirical Studies of Software Firm’s Price Competition and Labor’s Real Wage." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13229515159277352187.
Full textAbstract:
博士中華大學
科技管理博士學位學程
105
ABSTRACT This study allowing for the randomization of the M/M/1 queue and parameters creates a real stochastic and dynamic model of price competition. We simulate and demonstrate that optimal prices have a uniform distribution. With regard to the optimal outputs, the output for a shrink-wrap software firm is almost narrowed to a specific value. Conversely, a concave shape of the output distribution for a cloud service firm shows a half range of the distributed assumption of consumers. The simulated profits allow us to provide evidence that the cloud service firm might earn higher profits and face higher risks than the shrink-wrap software firm. Our results also demonstrate that customers buy shrink-wrap software for special use, whereas their purchases of cloud services are more elastic. These results imply that the cloud service firm can implement marketing strategies to efficiently earn profits. The study also investigates Taiwan real wage-Phillips curve at two different directions where Taiwan economy and labor market may be deeply affected by the export-orientated factors such as trades with China and money quantity supply policy. The growth rates of Taiwan real wages are estimated by the stepwise-linear and curve-linear regressive models where the Taylor series expansion in the curve-linear model can be expanded to 12th and 17th-order respectively and have more explainable power. The results are contrary to the facts that we are familiar with from the traditional Phillips curve and from the linear regressive model. The estimated regressive curve in the curve-linear model is a more accurate, explainable and less MSE diagram where the curve indicates that the facts of the decreasing growth rates of Taiwan real wages, even the nominal wages.
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Strader, Eiko Hiraoka. "Immigration and Within-Group Wage Inequality: How Queuing, Competition, and Care Outsourcing Exacerbate and Erode Earnings Inequalities." 2017. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI10997500.
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The rhetoric against immigration in the United States mostly focuses on the economic threat to low-educated native-born men using a singular labor market competition lens. In contrast to this trend, this dissertation builds on a large body of previous work on job queuing and ethnic competition, as well as insights gained from the studies on female labor force participation and the outsourcing of care work. By exploring regional differences in the wage effects of immigration across 100 metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2007, I argue that immigration is an intersectionally dynamic localized source of wage inequality and equality. The first chapter provides an overview of the current literature concerning the wage effects of immigration on native-born workers. The second chapter asks empirically whether immigration is related to regional differences in the gender wage gap, and finds that the gap is narrower in cities with higher concentrations of migrant domestic workers. In chapter three, I focus on native-born women only and investigate how within-women inequalities are mediated, unchanged, or sustained through immigration by race, class and motherhood. In the fourth chapter, I discuss the benefits and limitations of fixed- and random-effects models, and advocate for the use of hybrid-effects models for intersectional scholars who consider social inequality to be a multidimensional experience across time and space. Ultimately, I conclude that the wage effects of immigration are the result of gendered, raced and classed queuing processes, as well as changes in household production decisions. Findings presented in this dissertation advance empirical and theoretical debates on the linkage between immigration and within-country wage inequality by arguing that the wage effects of immigration are intersectionally dynamic. The policy implications of my dissertation are twofold. First, the binary treatment of native-born workers against immigrants is misguided because immigration intersects with other sources of inequality. Secondly, the continued reliance on the market-based care, as opposed to publicly provided care, increases the labor market vulnerability of some native-born workers.
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Liao, Wei-Hung, and 廖偉宏. "Nonplanar Wave of Two-Species Competition Model." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78330684344876049570.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
數學研究所
100
This paper is concerned with existence and stability of traveling curved fronts for the Lotka-Voterra system in the two-dimensional space. Using the supersolution and the subsolution, we construct a traveling wave, and show that it is the unique traveling wave solution. Our supersolution can be taken arbitrarily large, which implies global asymptotic stability for the traveling wave.
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Chang, Chueh-Hsin, and 張覺心. "Travelling Wave Solutions of Competition-Diffusion Systems." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73771770735423244335.
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博士國立臺灣大學
數學研究所
100
We divide the thesis into two parts to investigate the travelling wave of two types partial differential equations coming from ecology. In Part 1, we consider the 3-species Lotka-Volterra competition-diffusion systems. In Part 2, we consider a free boundary problem for a two-species competitive model. For the 3-species Lotka-Volterra competition-diffusion system, a travelling wave solution can be considered as a heteroclinic orbit of a vector field in R^6. Under suitable assumptions on the parameters of the equations, we apply a bifurcation theory of heteroclinic orbits to show that a 3-species travelling wave can bifurcate from two 2-species waves which connect to a common equilibrium. The three components of the 3-species wave obtained are positive and have the profiles that one component connects a positive state to zero, one component connects zero to a positive state, and the third component is a pulse between the previous two with a long middle part close to a positive constant. As concrete examples of application of our result, we find several explicit regions of the parameters of the equations where the bifurcations of 3-species travelling waves occur. The free boundary problem for a two-species competitive model in ecology was proposed by Mimura, Yamada and Yotsutani. Motivated by the spreading-vanishing dichotomy obtained by Du and Lin, we suppose the spreading speed of the free boundary tends to a constant as time tends to infinity and consider the corresponding travelling wave problem. We establish the existence and uniqueness of a travelling wave solution for this free boundary problem.
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洪立昌. "Travelling wave solutions of three-component systems with competition." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75021594962492688612.
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Wang, Shun-Chieh, and 王舜傑. "Traveling Wave Solutions of Lotka-Volterra Diffusion Competition System with 3-species." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t559j2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
數學研究所
106
In this thesis, we study the Lotka-Volterra 3 species competition model. We first introduce the conclusion of existence of 2-species traveling wave solution. Next, the main idea to prove the existence of 3-species traveling wave solution is the perturbation method and the iteration argument. We will prove that when the competition rate between w and both u & v is small enough, other parameters satisfy some suitable condition, then there exist a nontrivial 3-species traveling wave solution.
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Lin, Cheng-Shian, and 林政賢. "Wave propagation for a three-component lattice dynamical system in strong competition models." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j4ntdx.
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碩士國立中興大學
應用數學系所
105
We study the wave propagation for a three-component lattice dynamical system in strong competition models. We prove the propagation failure phenomenon occurs. Also we prove there are infinitely many solutions of the stationary system with Conley-Moser conditions.
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Wang, Chiang-Ting, and 王強庭. "The study on patient-oriented competitive strategy for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17775967610408421258.
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碩士國立中山大學
高階經營碩士班
98
The enforcement of national health insurance brings the new transition of medical service. The main purpose of this study is to investigate patients’ emphasis and satisfaction on different dimension of service quality. The study referred to industrial views, related literature review and 5Qs model (Zineldin, 2006). Eventually, the practical research results are used to conduct a competitive niche strategy and a positioning plan of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy market to seek the unique value of medical service differentiation. According to the empirical view, the satisfaction and loyalty of those patients who had operations under the hospital treatment were significantly higher than those patients who didn’t. “Quality of atmosphere” and “Quality of infrastructure” were the two factors which had positive impact on the satisfaction of patients. Also, “Quality of medical care interaction” and “Quality of atmosphere” affected the loyalty of patients greatly. Therefore, this study suggested that doctors should provide professional medical services to offer unique attributes which were valued by patients, and then achieved the influence of word-of-mouth marketing. The Competitive strategy is (1) from standardization to differentiation: creating values to patients by standard operation procedure. (2) from selfish departmentalism to patient-orientation: providing more interactions during medical service to fulfill the cognitive and emotional needs of patients. (3) from tradition to innovation: carrying out a new model which was designed by whole new ideas to supply medical service with sustainable competitive advantage. (4) from closed to open environment: emphasizing on profession and abandoning asymmetric information to develop trust relationship between doctors and patients. The strategic positioning of ESWL is to provide cordial, effective and fast integrated medical service for patients, and the establishment of “Shock Wave Lithotripsy Center” is the further step of this strategy.
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Hsiao, Ting-Yang, and 蕭定洋. "Estimates of Population Sizes for Traveling Wave Solutions of Discrete and Non-local Lotka-Volterra Competition Systems." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g85m26.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
數學研究所
106
In the present paper, we show that an analogous N-barrier maximum principle (see [3,5,7]) remains true for lattice systems. This extends the results in [3,5,7] from continuous equations to discrete and non-local equations. In order to overcome the difficulty induced by a discrete and non-local version of the classical diffusion in the lattice and non-local systems, we propose a more delicate construction of the N-barrier which is appropriate for the proof of the N-barrier maximum principle for lattice systems. As an application of the discrete N-barrier maximum principle, we study a coexistence problem of three species arising from biology, and show that the three species cannot coexist under certain conditions.
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謝鎧任. "Dual-Wavelength Pulse Generation from Gain Competition by Injecting Square-Wave Light Signal into Erbium-Doped Fiber Cavity." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33498462169246562225.
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Mund, Cornelius [Verfasser]. "Competition between charge-density-wave and antiferromagnetic order in one-dimension : phase diagram and dynamics / vorgelegt von Cornelius Mund." 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000240835/34.
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莊慶忠. "A Study of Competitive Advantage for Sanitary Ware Trading Companies - A Case Study of T Company." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z95vpe.
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Lai, Chen-Chih, and 賴承志. "On the N-barrier maximum principle for traveling wave solutions of diffusive competitive Lotka-Volterra systems." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40387434352851733574.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
數學研究所
104
The N-barrier maximum principle (NBMP) is a technique to estimate the total density of traveling wave solutions to one-dimensional diffusive competitive Lotka-Volterra systems. In this study, two-species cases, which are considered in [4], are generalized to multi-species cases. In addition, the constraints of the tangent line method proposed in [4] to obtain a refined estimate is released.
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Pan, Chun-Hung, and 潘俊宏. "Exploring How Bank Financial Planners Enhancing their Competitive Capability from the Trend of Robo-Advisor in the Wave of FINTECH." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6eyqhj.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
會計學系
107
For the past few years, FinTech has become the new mainstream in the financial industry. The wave of innovative financial technology services is coming and brings irreversible changes. The innovation brought about by FinTech not only has an important influence on the traditional banking business, but also has an impact on its business model. For all banking practitioners, FinTech is a threatening term that challenges the traditional financial industry. Under such a huge impact, the manpower of major banks in Europe and the United States has been greatly reduced. This phenomenon also appeared in domestic banks, and caused nearly 30,000 banking employees to face unprecedented transformation pressure. As FinTech becomes ever more innovative, whether the services and functions provided by human financial experts will be replaced by Robo-Advisors is a hot topic of discussion today. A key question is whether financial clients can fully accept Robo-Advisors, and fully trust the personal investment portfolio offered by Robo-Advisors? Financial consultants cannot help but worrying about being replaced by Robo-Advisors on wealth management which is a business used to be served by human beings. This study first uses document analysis to analyze the views of experts and scholars in different fields, and then has in-depth interviews with the head of investment trust and bank wealth management, hopefully, to benefit banking practitioners by upgrading their value. The study found that the core professional ability of the banking practitioners has a significant positive impact on their job performance. These are including personality traits, work and learning ability and attitude, professional knowledge and skills, interpersonal relationships and skills. As Bank4.0 of FinTech coming, this study provides important advice to banking practitioners on how to cope with and break through digital financial shocks of FinTech.
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Darensbourg, Brandi Lynn 1978. "An investigation of the variables related to competitive employment and earnings of vocational rehabilitation consumers with blindness or visual impairments." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17957.
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Individuals with blindness or visual impairments as a major cause of disability are at an extreme disadvantage to obtain and maintain employment and thus may seek the assistance of vocational rehabilitation counselors. Information on these individuals, encompassing demographics, disability, public support, and vocational rehabilitation services, is collected by the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) and becomes a part of the RSA-911 data file. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among demographics, service provisions, competitive employment, and earnings of vocational rehabilitation consumers with blindness or visual impairments. Using a sample of 3,610 cases from the RSA-911 data file from Fiscal Year 2006, logistic regression was utilized to examine the relationships among 20 consumer demographic and 14 case service variables related to competitive employment outcomes. With a sample of 2,320 cases, multiple regression was used to examine which 20 consumer demographic and 14 case service variables predicted weekly earnings at closure for those consumers with competitive employment outcomes. Results from the logistic regression indicated the most important consumer demographic predictors of competitive employment were age, gender, receipt of Medicaid, severity of vision loss, source of referral, and weekly earnings at application. Specifically, those aged 36 or younger who were self-referred, male, had lesser severity of vision loss, and did not receive Medicaid were more likely to find competitive employment. Among case service variables, receiving job-placement assistance and maintenance services were related to competitive employment; receipt of disability-related augmentative skills training and miscellaneous training had a negative impact. Multiple regression revealed that the consumer demographics of gender, higher level of education at closure, receiving Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), and weekly earnings at application were important predictors of weekly earnings at closure. Disability-related augmentative skills training was the only case service related to weekly earnings, with a negative impact. Based on these findings, males with earnings at application who did not receive disability-related augmentative skills training were most likely to reach competitive employment outcomes and to have higher earning potential at closure. Limitations of the study as well as implications for practice and future research are discussed.text
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Agnew, Judy Lynn. "The supplemental effects of feedback on work performance under a monetary incentive system." Thesis, 1991. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9518.
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Individual monetary incentive systems usually include performance feedback as part of the intervention package.
However, there is no experimental evidence to suggest that
feedback has any functional effect on work performance above and
beyond the effects of the incentive systems. It may be that incentive
systems have such powerful effects on work behavior that the
additional contingencies provided by a feedback system are
unnecessary. The present laboratory study investigated the
supplemental effects of feedback on work performance under a
monetary incentive system. Four subjects were hired to work seven
hours a day for four and a half weeks. The experimental work task
was a simulation of a proof operator’s job at a bank and involved
typing dollar values of “checks” into a computer. Subjects were
paid a base salary per session plus incentive money for
performance above a criterion. The main dependent variable was
the number of correctly completed checks per session. The amount
of time off task and rate of responding were also investigated.
Subjects were exposed to an ABA experimental design involving;
(A) the monetary incentive system without performance feedback,
(B) the incentive system with performance feedback, and (A) return
to the incentive system without performance feedback. The
introduction of feedback resulted in small to moderate performance
improvements in two of the four subjects. Possible reasons for the
small and inconsistent effects were explored with special attention
paid to the functional role of feedback and monetary incentives. It
was proposed that small amounts of incentive money and
performance feedback may not improve productivity in the absence
of other stimulus events inherent in real organizational settings,
such as the possibility for pay raises, promotions, and/or the threat
of being fired. These variables may have function-altering effects
on incentive money and performance feedback. Future laboratory
simulations might experimentally manipulate these variables to
further investigate the efficacy of monetary incentive systems.Graduate
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MacLeod, Suzanne. "From the "rising tide" to solidarity: disrupting dominant crisis discourses in dementia social policy in neoliberal times." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5213.
Full textAbstract:
As a social worker practising in long-term residential care for people living with dementia, I am alarmed by discourses in the media and health policy that construct persons living with dementia and their health care needs as a threatening “rising tide” or crisis. I am particularly concerned about the material effects such dominant discourses, and the values they uphold, might have on the collective provision of care and support for our elderly citizens in the present neoliberal economic and political context of health care. To better understand how dominant discourses about dementia work at this time when Canada’s population is aging and the number of persons living with dementia is anticipated to increase, I have rooted my thesis in poststructural methodology. My research method is a discourse analysis, which draws on Foucault’s archaeological and genealogical concepts, to examine two contemporary health policy documents related to dementia care – one national and one provincial. I also incorporate some poetic representation – or found poetry – to write up my findings. While deconstructing and disrupting taken for granted dominant crisis discourses on dementia in health policy, my research also makes space for alternative constructions to support discursive and health policy possibilities in solidarity with persons living with dementia so that they may thrive.Graduate
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macsuz@shaw.ca