Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wage boards

Academic literature on the topic 'Wage boards'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Wage boards"

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Seltzer, Andrew J., and Jeff Borland. "The Impact of the 1896 Factory and Shops Act on the Labor Market of Victoria, Australia." Journal of Economic History 78, no. 3 (September 2018): 785–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050718000359.

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This article examines the effects of the Victorian Factory and Shops Act, the first minimum wage law in Australia. The Act differed from modern minimum wage laws in that it established Special Boards, which set trade-specific minimum wage schedules. We use trade-level data on average wages and employment by gender and age to examine the effects of minimum wages. Although the minimum wages were binding, we find that the effects on employment were modest, at best. We speculate that this was because the Special Boards, which were comprised of industry insiders, closely matched the labor market for their trades.
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Bell, David N. F., and Robert E. Wright. "The Impact of Minimum Wages on the Wages of the Low Paid: Evidence from the Wage Boards and Councils." Economic Journal 106, no. 436 (May 1996): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2235572.

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K. J., Sophy. "Liberalisation and Abolition of Wage Boards: Supreme Court Defies the Tilt." Journal of National Law University Delhi 3, no. 1 (August 2015): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277401720150109.

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Lyon, Vaughan. "Swedish Wage Earner Funds: A Glimpse of Our Future?" Canadian Journal of Political Science 19, no. 3 (September 1986): 573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900054597.

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AbstractAt the end of 1983, after a long and bitter political struggle, the Swedes adopted a system of wage earner funds. The five regionally-based funds are directed by boards dominated by employees. Using funds transferred to them by government, they invest in Swedish companies, primarily by buying shares on the stock market. The fund scheme will enable employees collectively to own about 10 per cent of Swedish business by 1990. They could control far more. Only experience can determine the impact of this new form of social ownership. But possibly the Swedes have found a socially and democratically appealing means of retaining the advantages of a market system while integrating social and economic forces.
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Blackburn, Sheila. "The problem of riches: from trade boards to a national minimum wage." Industrial Relations Journal 19, no. 2 (June 1988): 124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1988.tb00023.x.

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Walmsley, P. Y., and M. Ohtsu. "Teacher’s Salary Differentials and the Quality of Educational Services : Recent Developments in Saskatchewan." Relations industrielles 30, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 585–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028653ar.

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This paper examines the relationship between teacher wage determination and the distribution of teacher skill-mix, based on recent Saskatchewan data. The authors argue that while centralized bargaining produces more uniform wage scale throughout the Province, it does not necessarily lead to the uniform distribution of teacher skill-mix among municipalities which is one of the most important conditions for the achievement of equality in the provision of educational services ; rather, it is the ability to pay of the individual school boards which has crucial bearings upon the composition of teacher skill-mix.
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Blackburn, Sheila. "Working-Class Attitudes to Social Reform: Black Country Chainmakers and Anti-Sweating Legislation, 1880–1930." International Review of Social History 33, no. 1 (April 1988): 42–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000008634.

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SummaryHistorians have recently paid serious attention to the roles of working-class groups in the creation of British social policy, but have largely ignored involvement by sweated workers. This article reveals among chainmakers long-run campaigns against sweating – successively demanding state action to abolish domestic workshops, regulate hours, restrict female work, fix rates for the job, and institute co-operative production. Failure in these campaigns led, with major initiatives from female workers, to advocacy of a statutory minimum wage. The Trade Boards Act (1909) reflected such pressures for state aid, though the form the legislation took brought only limited benefits.
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Treble, John G. "Interpreting the Record of Wage Negotiations Under an Arbitral Regime: A Game Theoretic Approach to the Coal Industry Conciliation Boards, 1893–1914." Business History 31, no. 3 (July 1989): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076798900000065.

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SCHEFFER, MÁRIO CÉSAR, ALINE GIL ALVES GUILLOUX, MARIO ROBERTO DAL POZ, and LILIA BLIMA SCHRAIBER. "Reasons for choosing the profession and profile of newly qualified physicians in Brazil." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 62, no. 9 (December 2016): 853–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.62.09.853.

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SUMMARY Objective To evaluate the socio-demographic profile, path to medical school admission and factors affecting the choice of becoming a physician in Brazil. Method Application of a structured questionnaire to 4,601 participants among the 16,323 physicians who graduated between 2014 and 2015 that subsequently registered with one of the 27 Regional Boards of Medicine (CRMs). Results The average age of participants is 27 years, 77.2% are white, 57% come from families with a monthly income greater than ten times the minimum wage, 65% have fathers who have completed higher education, 79.1% attended a private high school, and 63.5% selected the “will to make a difference in people’s lives or do good” as their main reason for choosing medicine, with some differences between the sexes and matriculation at a public or private medical school. Conclusion The recent politics for educational diversity and the opening of additional medical schools has not yet had an impact on the socio-demographic profile of graduates, who are mainly white, wealthy individuals.
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Michał Igielski. "Training and remuneration systems as motivational incentives based on the example of company x - case study." Współczesna Gospodarka 10, no. 2 (33) (June 30, 2019): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/wg.2019.2.05.

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In the 21st century management boards of enterprises are looking for newer incentives that stimulate employees to work even better. They are now the main driver of success, and the process of motivating has become an integral part of a well-functioning company. All this in connection with the behaviour of contemporary employees, who are often not satisfied with the working conditions and who change their place of employment, has led to formulating the purpose of this study, i.e. to evaluate training systems and salaries in the surveyed construction company. The study should be treated as a pilot - a field of experience, because in the future, this experience will be translated into a study with a representative group of companies. By defining and analyzing the validity of the criteria, the author specified two methods that meet the above criteria - the audit questionnaire method and the direct questionnaire. The analysis showed that the training and remuneration systems in the surveyed company X are properly designed - they have a positive impact on the employees' motivation. It also turned out that effective motivation with non-wage elements is possible only if the staff is satisfied with the level of their remuneration.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wage boards"

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Cockfield, Sandra A., and n/a. "The Interaction of Industrial Tribunals and Workplace Industrial Relations in Australia: the Metal trades, 1900 to 1929." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 1998. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050914.170636.

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This thesis examines the influence of compulsory state arbitration and wages board systems on workplace industrial relations. Using an historical and comparative case study approach, the thesis researches workplace industrial relations at three firms operating in the metal industry between 1900 and 1929. A political economy perspective is employed to examine the interaction of institutional stnictures and economic and political processes in the regulation of the wage-effort bargain at the workplace. Key concepts are drawn from both mainstream industrial relations theory, in particular the Oxford School approach, and labour process theory. Drawing on the work of flanders, a distinction is made between the economic and political aspects of the wage-effort bargain through the differentiation of market relations and managerial relations. This thesis argues that arbitral and wages board systems interacted with a range of factors to shape and influence workplace industrial relations. In keeping with the political economy perspective, the thesis examines the economic, industry, technological, political, and institutional environment within which the three cases operated, identifying changes and trends in these factors during the period under review and their implications for workplace industrial relations. The three cases allowed a closer examination of the influence of these general trends on the development of workplace industrial relations. The cases demonstrate the diversity of the metals sector, each representing a different industry in that sector. Further, the cases differed in their geographic and jurisdictional location, allowing comparisons between Victoria and New South Wales to be made. An examination of the role of arbitral tribunals and wages boards argues that the tribunals used their ability to regulate and stabilise market relations to offset their intervention in managerial relations. In this respect the tribunals sought to engineer changes in managerial relations favourable to industry development and yet simultaneously obtain support from the unions through improvements in market relations. As a consequence of these conflicting objectives the tribunals often behaved in a contradictory manner. In addition, unintended consequences often flowed from tribunal regulation and were important in shaping events at the workplace. Thus while industrial tribunals sought to improve market relations, they inadvertently assisted workers to gain more influence over managerial relations. In each case the workplace was the site of much regulatory activity, whether initiated by management, unions or workers. However, the three cases each present a different pattern of workplace industrial relations in terms: of scope of regulation at the workplace; the role of unions; the nature of managerial strategy; the role of unions; and the implementation and enforcement of tribunals decisions. Moreover, the effect of arbitration and wages board systems at each workplace varied, with the influence of a particular matrix of industry, economic, technological and institutional conditions shaped at the workplace.
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Bamiedakis, Nikolaos. "Multimode polymer waveguides for high-speed on-board optical interconnects." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611251.

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Cho, Sang-Yeon. "High speed optical interconnection on electrical boards using embedded OE devices in polymer optical waveguides." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14881.

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Arkeholt, Simon. "Induction in Printed Circuit Boards using Magnetic Near-Field Transmissions." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teoretisk Fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148788.

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In 1865 Maxwell outlined the theoretical framework for electromagnetic field propagation. Since then many important developments have been made in the field, with an emphasis on systems using high frequencies for long-range interactions. It was not until recent years that applications based on short-range inductive coupling demonstrated the advantages of using low frequency transmissions with magnetic fields to transfer power and information. This thesis investigates magnetic transmissions in the near-field and the possibility of producing induced voltages in printed circuit boards. A near-field magnetic induction system is designed to generate a magnetic flux in the very low frequency region, and used experimentally to evaluate circuit board induction in several interesting environments. The resulting voltages are measured with digital signal processing techniques, using Welch’s method to estimate the spectrum of the received voltage signal. The results show that the amount of induced voltage is proportional to the inverse cube of the transmission distance, and that the system is able to achieve a maximum induced voltage of 65 \micro V at a distance of 2.5 m and under line-of-sight conditions. It is also concluded that conductive obstructions, electromagnetic shielding and background noise all have a large impact on the obtained voltage, either cancelling the signal or causing it to fluctuate.
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Yousef, Hanna. "High Aspect Ratio Microstructures in Flexible Printed Circuit Boards : Process and Applications." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Engineering Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8565.

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Flexible printed circuit boards (flex PCBs) are used in a wide range of electronic devices today due to their light weight, bendability, extensive wiring possibilities, and low-cost manufacturing techniques. The general trend in the flex PCB industry is further miniaturization alongside increasing functionality per device and reduced costs. To meet these demands, a new generation of low cost manufacturing technologies is being developed to enable structures with smaller lateral dimensions and higher packing densities.

Wet etching is today the most cost-efficient method for producing a large number of through-foil structures in flex PCBs. However, conventional wet etch techniques do not allow for through-foil structures with aspect ratios over 1 – a fact that either necessitates thin and mechanically weak foils or puts severe limitations on the packing density. The fabrication techniques presented in this thesis allow for through-foil structures with higher aspect ratios and packing densities using wet etching. To achieve high aspect ratios with wet etching, the flex PCB foils are pre-treated with irradiation by swift heavy ions. Each ion that passes through the foil leaves a track of damaged material which can be subsequently etched to form highly vertical pores. By using conventional flex PCB process techniques on the porous foils, high aspect ratio metallized through-foil structures are demonstrated.

The resulting structures consist of multiple sub-micrometer sized wires. These structures are superior to their conventional counterparts when it comes to their higher aspect ratios, higher possible packing densities and low metallic cross-section. Furthermore, metallized through-foil structures with larger areas and more complicated geometries are possible without losing the mechanical stability of the foil. This in turn enables applications that are not possible using conventional techniques and structures. In this thesis, two such applications are demonstrated: flex PCB vertical thermopile sensors and substrate integrated waveguides for use in millimeter wave applications.

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Novak, Markus. "Low Cost Ultra-Wideband Millimeter-Wave Phased Arrays." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500574802418502.

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Cheng, Shi. "Integrated Antenna Solutions for Wireless Sensor and Millimeter-Wave Systems." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Mikrovågs- och terahertzteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-111197.

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This thesis presents various integrated antenna solutions for different types of systems and applications, e.g. wireless sensors, broadband handsets, advanced base stations, MEMS-based reconfigurable front-ends, automotive anti-collision radars, and large area electronics. For wireless sensor applications, a T-matched dipole is proposed and integrated in an electrically small body-worn sensor node. Measurement techniques are developed to characterize the port impedance and radiation properties. Possibilities and limitations of the planar inverted cone antenna (PICA) for small handsets are studied experimentally. Printed slot-type and folded PICAs are demonstrated for UWB handheld terminals. Both monolithic and hybrid integration are applied for electrically steerable array antennas. Compact phase shifters within a traveling wave array antenna architecture, on single layer substrate, is investigated for the first time. Radio frequency MEMS switches are utilized to improve the performance of reconfigurable antennas at higher frequencies. Using monolithic integration, a 20 GHz switched beam antenna based on MEMS switches is implemented and evaluated. Compared to similar work published previously, complete experimental results are here for the first time reported. Moreover, a hybrid approach is used for a 24 GHz switched beam traveling wave array antenna. A MEMS router is fabricated on silicon substrate for switching two array antennas on a LTCC chip. A concept of nano-wire based substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) is proposed for millimeter-wave applications. Antenna prototypes based on this concept are successfully demonstrated for automotive radar applications. W-band body-worn nonlinear harmonic radar reflectors are proposed as a means to improve automotive radar functionality. Passive, semi-passive and active nonlinear reflectors consisting of array antennas and nonlinear circuitry on flex foils are investigated. A new stretchable RF electronics concept for large area electronics is demonstrated. It incorporates liquid metal into microstructured elastic channels. The prototypes exhibit high stretchability, foldability, and twistability, with maintained electrical properties.
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Granger, Amy. "Reproductive Freedom in the United States and Louisiana: An Assessment of the Last Decade, a Review of the Current Climate, And a Scenario for the Future." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1086.

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Government began legislating abortion in the mid nineteenth century and has controlled access to this service for women ever since. With the creation of hospital boards after WWII, state control over access became further entrenched. Regulations and restrictions since Roe v. Wade limit the availability of abortion services for women served by Medicaid and other social assistance programs. The existence of a class bias around access can be seen throughout the topic's history and legislation has unfairly targeted and therefore disproportionately affects poor women. The data show that these restrictions have no impact on the number of unintended pregnancies over the last 20 plus years. Without the ability to personally fund the procedure, poor women do not enjoy the same choices as women in other social classes. In the next decade, we are likely to experience more of the same without having a realistic conversation about Medicaid funding of abortion.
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Min, Byung-Young. "A physics based investigation of gurney flaps for enhancement of rotorcraft flight characteristics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33851.

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Helicopters are versatile vehicles that can vertically take off and land, hover, and perform maneuver at very low forward speeds. These characteristics make them unique for a number of civilian and military applications. However, the radial and azimuthal variation of dynamic pressure causes rotors to experience adverse phenomena such as transonic shocks and 3-D dynamic stall. Adverse interactions such as blade vortex interaction and rotor-airframe interaction may also occur. These phenomena contribute to noise and vibrations. Finally, in the event of an engine failure, rotorcraft tends to descend at high vertical velocities causing structural damage and loss of lives. A variety of techniques have been proposed for reducing the noise and vibrations. These techniques include on-board control (OBC) devices, individual blade control (IBC), and higher harmonic control (HHC). Addition of these devices adds to the weight, cost, and complexity of the rotor system, and reduces the reliability of operations. Simpler OBC concepts will greatly alleviate these drawbacks and enhance the operating envelope of vehicles. In this study, the use of Gurney flaps is explored as an OBC concept using a physics based approach. A three dimensional Navier-Stokes solver developed by the present investigator is coupled to an existing free wake model of the wake structure. The method is further enhanced for modeling of Blade-Vortex-Interactions (BVI). Loose coupling with an existing comprehensive structural dynamics analysis solver (DYMORE) is implemented for the purpose of rotor trim and modeling of aeroelastic effects. Results are presented for Gurney flaps as an OBC concept for improvements in autorotation, rotor vibration reduction, and BVI characteristics. As a representative rotor, the HART-II model rotor is used. It is found that the Gurney flap increases propulsive force in the driving region while the drag force is increased in the driven region. It is concluded that the deployable Gurney flap may improve autorotation characteristics if deployed only over the driving region. Although the net effect of the increased propulsive and drag force results in a faster descent rate when the trim state is maintained for identical thrust, it is found that permanently deployed Gurney flaps with fixed control settings may be useful in flare operations before landing by increasing thrust and lowering the descent rate. The potential of deployable Gurney flap is demonstrated for rotor vibration reduction. The 4P harmonic of the vertical vibratory load is reduced by 80% or more, while maintaining the trim state. The 4P and 8P harmonic loads are successfully suppressed simultaneously using individually controlled multi-segmented flaps. Finally, simulations aimed at BVI avoidance using deployable Gurney flaps are also presented.
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Camilo, Edson 1959. "Propostas de design de layout da PCI para redução de curto circuito de solda a onda, para processo de montagem de placa eletrônica = PCB layout design techniques for shortcircuit (bridging) reduction due to wave soldering in electronic board assembly." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260044.

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Orientador: Yuzo Iano
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T18:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camilo_Edson_M.pdf: 3518346 bytes, checksum: 0264cd60aaed512cef0dacda58a43540 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Este trabalho de Mestrado tem como objetivo contribuir para a área de placa de circuito impresso no que se refere ao projeto de layout focado não só em satisfazer as conexões das trilhas, mas nas regras de projeto com foco na redução de curto circuito de solda para o processo de solda por onda. Projetos de PCB (Printed Circuit Board) ou PCI (Placa de Circuito Impresso) envolvem uma série de conhecimentos no que se refere ao entendimento das funcionalidades dos circuitos e para tanto é importante que se faça o correto posicionamento dos componentes em grupos de circuitos pela funcionalidade; além disso, é importante que se conheça as regras de capacidade de corrente, de distâncias de isolação em função das tensões aplicadas, características de impedância, áreas de restrição mecânica entre outras. O que será visto neste trabalho está focado na aplicação de conceitos e considerações ligadas ao processo de montagem da placa eletrônica por solda a onda. Muitos dos defeitos que ocorrem num processo de montagem da PCB são atribuídos ao processo de montagem da PCB como, por exemplo, a temperatura da solda, o tempo de solda, quantidade de fluxo aplicado na placa, altura da onda de solda, etc. Recomendações sobre posicionamento de componentes PTH (Pin Through Hole) e SMD (Surface Mounting Devise) em relação ao sentido em que a PCB entra em direção à solda a onda, recursos de aplicação de serigrafia, tipos de laminados, de formato das ilhas de solda, adição de técnica de ladrão de solda e as recomendações da IPC (Association Connecting Electronics Industries) serão descritos neste trabalho. O correto entendimento dos defeitos que ocorrem durante o processo de montagem da PCB reflete na constante melhoria e aperfeiçoamento do projeto do layout da placa, que por sua vez resulta num processo de montagem de placa com menos ocorrência de defeitos de fabricação e consequentemente melhor qualidade do produto. Menos retrabalho nas PCBs significa menos custo de produção que reflete em maior lucro para as empresas. As propostas apresentadas neste trabalho são fruto de resultados práticos vivenciados na indústria e de pesquisa em literatura dos assuntos relacionados a defeitos em PCB e processos de solda por onda. O conjunto destas recomendações e seus resultados estão aqui descritos e ilustrados para servirem de referência aos futuros pesquisadores e leitores
Abstract: This work aims to contribute to the area of the printed circuit board in regard to layout design focused not only on satisfying the connections of the tracks but the design rules focused on reducing short- circuit solder for wave solder process . Projects PCB (Printed Circuit Board) involve a lot of knowledge when it comes to understanding the features of both circuit and is important to make the correct positioning of components into groups of circuits for feature addition is important to know the rules of current capacity, isolation distances depending on the applied voltage, impedance characteristics, areas of mechanical restrictions among others. What will be seen in this work is focused on application of concepts and considerations involved in the process of mounting the electronic board by solder wave. Many of the defects which occur in the process of assembling the PCB are assigned to the PCB assembly process such as the temperature of the solder, weld time , amount of flux applied to the board, solder wave height, etc. Recommendations on positioning components PTH( Pin Through Hole) and SMD( Surface Mounting Devise) relative to the direction in which the PCB goes toward the wave solder , screen printing application features , format type of solder lands , techniques of solder thief and the IPC ( Association Connecting Electronics Industries) recommendations will be described on this work . The correct understanding of the defects that occur during the assembly process of the PCB reflects on constant improvement and refinement of the board layout design, which in turn results in a process of mounting plate with fewer occurrences of defects in workmanship and consequently better quality product. Less rework means less PCBs in production cost which reflects in higher profits for companies. The proposals presented in this paper are the result of practical results experienced in industry and research literature on the subjects related to defects in PCB and wave solder processes. All these recommendations and their results are described and illustrated to better serve as reference for future researchers and readers
Mestrado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Books on the topic "Wage boards"

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Division, Sri Lanka Kamkaru Depārtamēntuva Labour Standards. Wages boards-minimum wages, 2010. Colombo: Labour Standards Division, Dept. of Labour, 2010.

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Revised minimum rates of wages under the wages boards (2013). Colombo: The Employers' Federation of Ceylon, 2013.

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India. Wage Board for Working Journalists. Report of the Wage Boards for Working Journalists and Non-Journalist Newspaper & News Agency Employees: Manisana Wage Board. New Delhi: Govt. of India, Ministry of Labour, 2001.

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India. Wage Board for Working Journalists. Report of the Wage Boards for Working Journalists and Non-journalist Newspaper Employees. New Delhi: Govt. of India, Ministry of Labour, 1989.

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Program, North Carolina Land Records Management. North Carolina registers of deeds salary study and recommendations: A report to the boards of county commissioners and registers of deeds of North Carolina. Raleigh, N.C: The Program, 1990.

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Treble, John. Interpreting the record of wage negotiations under an arbitral regime: A game theoretic approach to the coal industry conciliation boards, 1893-1914. Hull: University of Hull, Department of Economics and Commerce, Labour Economics Unit, 1988.

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Debbie, Budlender, Young Gordon, and South Africa Wage Board, eds. Wage determinations in South Africa: An analysis of the wage rates set by the Wage Board. Cape Town: SALDRU, 1985.

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Scottish Executive. Rural Affairs Department. Agricultural wages in Scotland: The Scottish Agricultural Wages Board. Edinburgh: The Scottish Executive, 1998.

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Artists, Disney Storybook, and Disney Enterprises (1996-), eds. Wake up, Croc! New York, NY: LB Kids, 2014.

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Report of the Third Central Wage Board for Sugar Industry. New Delhi: Govt. of India, Ministry of Labour, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wage boards"

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Kiang, Jean-Fu, and Ching-I. Cho. "Dielectric Resonator Antennas on Printed Circuit Boards." In Novel Technologies for Microwave and Millimeter — Wave Applications, 303–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4156-8_14.

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Stoneham, Edward B. "Millimeter-Wave Chip-on-Board Integration and Packaging." In RF and Microwave Microelectronics Packaging, 69–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0984-8_4.

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Dobson, John, Nicolette Gorospe, and Seung-yeon Sunny Jeong. "Third Wave Feminism, Ethics of Care, and Corporate Governance: The Case of Gender Quotas on Corporate Boards." In Handbook of Virtue Ethics in Business and Management, 1–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6729-4_66-1.

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Dobson, John, Nicolette Gorospe, and Seung-yeon Sunny Jeong. "Third Wave Feminism, Ethics of Care, and Corporate Governance: The Case of Gender Quotas on Corporate Boards." In International Handbooks in Business Ethics, 283–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6510-8_66.

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Witting, M., and T. Pröpper. "Simulation of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation on a Printed Circuit Board with Linear and Nonlinear Discrete Loads." In Signal Propagation on Interconnects, 103–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6512-0_9.

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Marshall, Shelley. "Displacement of Traditional Labour Laws." In Living Wage, 51–72. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830351.003.0004.

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This chapter tracks the creation of a highly successful model for regulating the performance of head-load work in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The work normally consists of loading, unloading, carrying, shifting, weighing, tapping, and stacking goods. This is harsh physical labour, often undertaken in extreme heat. Following a concerted campaign in the 1960s, a tripartite regulatory system was introduced to overcome many of the problems historically faced by the mathadi workers, such as a lack of job security and access to social security. The study is a fruitful site of regulatory learning because India’s legislatures have been more active in regulating informal work, particularly in the domain of providing social security, than perhaps anywhere else in the world. The Indian state has used various mechanism to do this, the best-documented of which are the Welfare Boards of Kerala. In contrast to the Welfare Boards, there is very little written about the Mathadi Boards of Maharashtra, which have a broader regulatory reach and have arguably been far more successful.
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Marshall, Shelley. "Complementary or Functional Rival? Labour Regulation of Garment Industry Workers in Cambodia by Better Factories Cambodia." In Living Wage, 122–42. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830351.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 explores the formalisation of the Cambodian garment industry and the factors that have shaped and constrained the effectiveness of the combination of the US–Cambodia Bilateral Textile Agreement and the International Labour Organization’s Better Factories Project. Unlike the Mathadi Boards examined in Chapter 4, a great deal has been written about efforts to improve working standards in the Cambodian garment industry. The Chapter makes two important interventions in the already abundant literature on Better Factories Cambodia. Firstly, it focuses on the role of the trade agreement that led to the establishment of Better Factories Cambodia, as preferential treatment in trade played a critical part in encouraging investment in formal enterprises. It argues that trade incentives were just as important as the BFC in improving the labour standards of participating enterprises. Secondly, it examines the initiative in the context of Cambodia’s political economy showing how the Hun Sen government has used the initiative to its advantage and avoided investing in its own labour inspectorate. For this reason, the chapter asks whether Better Factories Cambodia has become a functional rival to the state labour inspectorate.
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Adams, Natalie G., and James H. Adams. "Big Bulls in the Local Herd." In Just Trying to Have School, 51–75. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496819536.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the role of superintendents in local school desegregation efforts, focusing particularly on the stories of Julian Prince, Clyde Muse, Tom Dulin, and Harold Kelly, who between them led seven school districts through school desegregation. Their stories demonstrate the many challenges school leaders faced in trying to mitigate the daily operations of school desegregation. Even after the Alexander v. Holmes ruling in October 1969, which called for an immediate end to segregated schooling, many superintendents with their school boards continued to wage a fierce battle with the Department of Health, Education and Welfare over their desegregation plans. Ultimately, regardless of how they went about desegregating their schools, the superintendent as the educational leader of his school district was expected to direct and lead his school through the turmoil of school desegregation.
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Madland, David. "The Plan." In Re-Union, 9–34. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755378.003.0002.

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This chapter explains in detail what the new system would look like. It shows how public policy can actively support unions and encourage broad-based collective bargaining, and it explains how the newer elements of the modernized system would be layered on top of the existing system. The chapter discusses how the United States could adapt the “Ghent system” that several countries use to provide needed benefits to workers and a platform for unions to recruit members. It also describes how to move toward broad-based bargaining by promoting high union density as well as by creating supportive structures — including extending union contracts to similarly placed workers through more expansive use of prevailing wage laws and the creation of workers' boards in sectors with little or no union density. Examples from cities and states with these types of policies are highlighted. Finally, how unions would operate in the new system and build power in the workplace as well as in the larger economy is explored.
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Treble, John G. "Interpreting the Record of Wage Negotiations Under an Arbitral Regime: A Game Theoretic Approach to the Coal Industry Conciliation Boards, 1893–1914." In Business History, 61–80. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315035420-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wage boards"

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Gopakumar, Sunil, Francois Billaut, Eric Fremd, and Manthos Economou. "Pb-Free Process Development for a High End Storage Area Network Application." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33857.

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Lead free solders are being increasingly used in the electronic industry. While most of the electronic products, in terms of volume, are already built lead free, sectors of the industry including high end servers, networking and telecommunications are covered by “lead in solder” exemptions. It is unknown at this point how long these exemptions will last. In addition, many components such as memories have started appearing only in the Pb-free version. As a result, the industry has been pushed to either adopt a mixed assembly process or to transition early to a full Pb-free process. Even though numerous papers have outlined the successful implementation of a Pb-free process, few of them have actually looked at complex high-end multilayer boards in its entirety. This paper focuses on the issues involved in developing an acceptable Pb-free process window for thick, multilayer boards for SMT, Wave soldering, Rework and Press-fit operations. A laminate capable of withstanding Pb-free soldering temperatures was used to construct a 125-mil thick multilayer board with 18 layers which included 8 ground and 10 signal planes. This experiment utilized two popular Pb-free finishes commonly used in the industry: Immersion Silver and high temperature Organic Solderability Preservative (OSP). The widespread SAC 305 alloy with a composition of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu was used for both SMT and wave soldering. Three sets of assemblies were built: Pb-free, Mixed and Sn/Pb. The mixed assembly mostly used Pb-free components with Sn/Pb solder paste. The impact of increased soldering temperatures on the board, components and reliability of the product were also studied as a part of this research endeavor. Board level reliability tests were conducted by subjecting the boards from 0°C to 100°C Air-to-Air thermal cycling as well as mechanical shock and vibration tests. A suite of reliability and destructive physical analysis (DPA) tests were carried out to establish the quality of the soldering using the eutectic Sn/Pb assembly as the baseline. The study compared the cycling performance of the three sets of assemblies and also looked at the potential impacts of moving to mixed assemblies. Results indicated a reduced process window for Pb-free, especially for the Pb-free wave soldering process due to reduced wetting of the plated through hole barrels as compared to Sn/Pb wave soldering process. The thermal cycling performance of the three sets of assemblies was found to be equivalent after 6000 cycles.
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Lu, Albert Chee W., Wei Fan, Lai L. Wai, Toshiro Yamazaki, Jacinto Jun Jarcia, and Kim H. Chin. "Design Optimization of Power Distribution Design Networks Using Embedded Passive Technology." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35221.

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This paper describes a design optimization of power distribution networks using embedded passive technology. A frequency-domain methodology was used to study the impedance characteristics of printed circuit board power planes with embedded decoupling capacitors, and also the interaction with discrete capacitors, package structures and on-chip capacitors. Two different thin-core materials were analyzed. Key aspects of power distribution networks including plane spreading inductance, plane pair via inductance and transfer impedance were also analyzed. Utilizing broadband PDN models, extracted with full-wave EM techniques to account for frequency-dependent behaviour, frequency-domain SPICE simulations were carried out to determine the system impedance characteristics at multiple port locations up to 2 GHz. The frequency-domain analysis shows that in bare boards, significant SSN interaction between different port locations within the printed circuit board is present. It is concluded that the proper use of high-K distributed capacitors at optimal locations on the printed circuit board helps to alleviate SSN interaction between different port locations. Several multi-layer test vehicles have been fabricated and characterized, with good correlation between simulation results and measured values.
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Arcipreste, Bruno, Delfim Soares, Luis Ribas, and José Carlos Teixeira. "Numerical Modeling of Wave Soldering in PCB." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39051.

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Manufacturing of electronic boards (commonly referred as PCB) is a highly automated process that requires an accurate control of the various processing variables. Amongst the soldering processes, wave soldering is one of the most often used. In this, the various electronic components are provisionally inserted onto the PCB, and a low velocity jet of melted solder is directed to the moving board. Due to capillarity effects the solder adheres to the component/board interface and the process is completed. This methodology is most often used for small components. The adjusting of the operating parameters (solder nozzle orientation and velocity) is often carried out on a trial and error basis resulting in a time consuming process that is at odds with the increasing demand for smaller production series that the electronics industry is faced with. In addition the number of defects (mostly from missing components that are washed away by the impacting jet) is more likely to occur when thinner substrates are used in the PCB manufacturing. The present paper describes the application of a Computational Fluid Dynamics model to describe the interaction of the solder jet with the PCB and the integrated circuits. The model includes the conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy in a transient time frame. The jet and surrounding ambient atmosphere are modeled as two separate fluids and the interface is tracked by a VOF model. By adjusting the computational mesh refinement the interface is captured with accuracy. The drag forces occurring in the various components are computed from the pressure data field. The model allows the optimization of the wave operating parameters as a function of the component type of and its layout in the PCB.
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Ling, Tianqing, Yu Zheng, and Wenyao Cui. "A Study on Subarray Microwave Boards Interconnected by BGA." In 2020 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmmt49418.2020.9386408.

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Li, Song, Liu Ai-jun, and Ma Yi-fei. "DiffServ-oriented On-board Switch." In 2007 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmmt.2007.381415.

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Boccia, Luigi, Emilio Arnieri, and Giandomenico Amendola. "Via-stub effects in millimeter wave printed circuit boards." In 2019 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apmc46564.2019.9038438.

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Jie Li and Zhi Liang Wang. "Resonance suppression for power bus in printed circuit boards using EBG structures." In 2008 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmmt.2008.4540436.

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Choi, Chulchae, Yujie Liu, Lei Lin, and Ray T. Chen. "Board level guided wave optical interconnects." In Integrated Optoelectronics Devices, edited by James G. Grote and Toshikuni Kaino. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.485823.

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Xiong, Taotao, Quan Zhou, Tianyan Jiang, Xuefeng Li, and Tianhe Yang. "Breakdown characteristics of printed circuit boards under pulsed square wave." In 2017 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials (ISEIM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/iseim.2017.8088743.

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Han, Xuliang, Gicherl Kim, Hitesh Gupta, G. Jack Lipovski, and Ray T. Chen. "System demonstrator for board-to-board-level substrate-guided wave optoelectronic interconnections." In Symposium on Integrated Optics, edited by Suning Tang and Yao Li. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.428023.

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Reports on the topic "Wage boards"

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Brodie, Katherine, Brittany Bruder, Richard Slocum, and Nicholas Spore. Simultaneous mapping of coastal topography and bathymetry from a lightweight multicamera UAS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41440.

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A low-cost multicamera Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) is used to simultaneously estimate open-coast topography and bathymetry from a single longitudinal coastal flight. The UAS combines nadir and oblique imagery to create a wide field of view (FOV), which enables collection of mobile, long dwell timeseries of the littoral zone suitable for structure-from motion (SfM), and wave speed inversion algorithms. Resultant digital surface models (DSMs) compare well with terrestrial topographic lidar and bathymetric survey data at Duck, NC, USA, with root-mean-square error (RMSE)/bias of 0.26/–0.05 and 0.34/–0.05 m, respectively. Bathymetric data from another flight at Virginia Beach, VA, USA, demonstrates successful comparison (RMSE/bias of 0.17/0.06 m) in a secondary environment. UAS-derived engineering data products, total volume profiles and shoreline position, were congruent with those calculated from traditional topo-bathymetric surveys at Duck. Capturing both topography and bathymetry within a single flight, the presented multicamera system is more efficient than data acquisition with a single camera UAS; this advantage grows for longer stretches of coastline (10 km). Efficiency increases further with an on-board Global Navigation Satellite System–Inertial Navigation System (GNSS-INS) to eliminate ground control point (GCP) placement. The Appendix reprocesses the Virginia Beach flight with the GNSS–INS input and no GCPs.
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