Academic literature on the topic 'WAEMU area'
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Journal articles on the topic "WAEMU area"
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Nkwatoh, Louis S. "Does ECOWAS Macroeconomic Convergence Criteria Satisfy an Optimum Currency Area?" Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 1, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): p61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/jems.v1n2p61.
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The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries have expressed their desire to establish a monetary union by the year 2020 based on six macroeconomic convergence criteria. The desire is predicated on a series of strategies and various treaties ratified and signed by various ECOWAS Heads of governments and Central Banks’ Governors with more emphasis on the Maastricht-type set of convergence criteria that must be satisfied by all member countries before they ascend to the envisaged monetary union. Even though the convergence criteria may guarantee macroeconomic stability in a regional grouping, critics assert that the convergence criteria are insufficient and inconsequential to the formation of monetary union. The objective of this study is to ascertain whether ECOWAS countries have met all the macroeconomic convergence criteria making them fit for a monetary union. The analyses indicate that no ECOWAS country has met all the convergence criteria at a given point in time implying that the level of macroeconomic convergence in the region still remains inadequate relative to the set targets. However, WAEMU sub-set economies have met three of the criteria -public debts to GDP Ratio, deficits including grants, annual percentage inflation rate. The simple reason is that WAEMU is an existing monetary union with a common stabilization policy.
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Soro, Segba Jean. "THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CUSTOMS REVENUES IN THE WAEMU ZONE." Jurnal BPPK: Badan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Keuangan 16, no. 2 (December 20, 2023): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48108/jurnalbppk.v16i2.828.
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In recent years, the planet has been marked by major events: immigration, terrorism, armed conflicts and above all global warming which is attracting the attention of countries around the world and those of WAEMU in particular. Global warming leads to disruptions in the functioning of production cycles. Indeed, these countries which are essentially agricultural are facing several phenomena. The impact of climate change on customs revenues in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) area refers to the effects that climate variations, such as increased temperatures, extreme weather events, rising of sea level and changes in precipitation, can have on the revenue generated by customs activities in this region.
Agricultural production is falling sharply. This inevitably leads to a reduction in customs revenue. Customs revenues constitute the main means of development for these countries. This question is of capital importance insofar as it obliges States to adopt new policies. They should diversify areas of production and think about transforming products in order to increase added value. Furthermore, WAEMU States would benefit from taking an increasing interest in industrialization policies in order to minimize imports which weigh heavily on the trade balance because the effects of global warming will continue to grow.
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Tidiane, Ndiaye Cheikh. "Corruption, Investment and Economic Growth in WAEMU Countries." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 4 (March 13, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n4p30.
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The purpose of this paper is to study the relationships between corruption, public investment and economic growth in WAEMU (West Africa Economic and Monetary Union) countries during the period 2001-2014. This, by using a panel VAR (Vector Auto Regressive) model. The results stemming from this empirical study stipulate a significant link between corruption and investment, economic growth and investment, corruption and economic growth. These results also show that corruption reduces the ratio of public investment and has a negative impact on economic growth among WAEMU countries. It has more of a specific effect on investment and affects negatively through this mean countries of the area.
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Roufaye, Saidou W., Malam M. Nafiou, and Idrissa M. Ouedraogo. "Structural Transformation and Poverty in the WAEMU." European Journal of Development Studies 3, no. 3 (May 15, 2023): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejdevelop.2023.3.3.256.
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Poverty is a major concern for West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries. If poverty is decreasing in the WAEMU, it’s level remains high when compared to other developing countries. The low productivity of the agricultural sector, which represents the main activity of the poor in this area, explains the high level of the poverty. A structural transformation that would shift resources from low productivity sectors (notably agriculture) to high productivity sectors (manufacturing and services) would be conducive to poverty reduction. Indeed, evidence from both developed and emerging countries shows that structural change is associated with poverty reduction. In this context, this study analyses the relationship between structural transformation and poverty in the seven (7) WAEMU countries over the period 1996-2019. A simultaneous equation model was used to assess this relationship. The results show that structural transformation does not contribute to poverty reduction in the WEAMU. However, its effect becomes favourable when combined structural transformation with human capital development. In order to fight poverty, the study recommends that the structural transformation process must be accompanied by an improvement in human capital.
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PRAO, Yao Séraphin, Brou Emmanuel AKA, and N’guessan Ferdinand Nicaise DJA. "Threshold Effect in the Bank Lending Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission and the Role of Bank Portfolio Deterioration: A PSTR Specification in the WAEMU Zone." International Research in Economics and Finance 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/iref.v7i1.1355.
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The objective of this paper is to analyse the influence of monetary policy on credit supply in the WAEMU zone over the period 1996-2017. The study focuses on the WAEMU countries, except for Guinea-Bissau, due to the unavailability of sufficient data. We apply the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model of Gonzalez et al. (2005). The results reveal the non-linearity of the link between monetary policy and credit supply. There is a threshold of credit risk exposure of 8.726% above which monetary policy loses its effectiveness. Indeed, monetary policy has a positive effect on the supply of credit when the value of the gross bank portfolio deterioration rate is less than or equal to the threshold of 8.726% and an insignificant effect above this threshold. Above this threshold, the link between monetary policy and bank credit supply is distended. In this case, it is the level of economic activity that stimulates the supply of bank credit in this area. These results indicate that the effectiveness of the monetary policy conducted by the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), through the bank credit channel, should take into account the level of credit risk attained by banks. Thus, the study recommends that the authorities further strengthen prudential supervision within the WAEMU.
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Mamadou, Coulibaly Niénéyéri. "Analysis of the Evolution of Income Disparities Among WAEMU Member Countries." International Journal of Economics and Finance 14, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n2p97.
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The main aims of this study are to examine the income disparities’ evolution among the West-African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries over the period 1980-2019, and to determine whether the reforms implemented in the region since 1994 have helped to reduce or to accentuate the income disparities among the Member States of the Union. The approach used for the analysis is that of sigma-convergence. It consists in studying the evolution of income dispersion over time, standard deviation being generally used as measure of dispersion. The results obtained show a reduction of per capita income inequalities among the WAEMU Member States. They also point out that the reforms undertaken in the area since 1994 have partly helped to reduce the income disparities among nations. In view of these findings, the study recommends to the community authorities to continue the implementation of the reforms and to reinforce the coordination as well as the harmonization of economical, financial and commercial policies of the Union.
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Gbame, Hervé Daniel, and Silue Drissa. "Development Financier, Diffusion des tic et Croissance Economique dans les pays de l‘Uemoa." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 34 (November 30, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n34p18.
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L’objectif de ce papier est d’analyser le rôle de la diffusion des TIC dans l’analyse de la relation entre le développement financier et la croissance économique dans les pays de l’UEMOA en mettant un accent particulier sur leurs interactions. A partir d’un échantillon de 7 pays de cette zone, sur la période 1997 - 2019, et suite à l’utilisation d’une approche Pooled Mean Group (PMG) sur données de panels, les résultats montrent qu’à long terme, l’effet direct du développement financier sur la croissance économique est significativement négatif dans les pays de l’UEMOA. Secundo, la diffusion des TIC (mobile et l’Internet) a un effet positif et significatif sur la croissance économique. Enfin, l’interaction entre développement financier et la diffusion des TIC est significativement positif, prouvant ainsi que les pays de l’UEMOA ne peuvent bénéficier du développement financier qu’une fois qu’un seuil de diffusion des TIC atteint. Ce seuil de diffusion des TIC est respectivement de 168,7% et 38,1% pour le mobile et l’Internet.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the role of ICT diffusion in the analysis of the relationship between financial development and economic growth in WAEMU countries with particular emphasis on their interactions. From a sample of 7 countries in this area, over the period 1997 - 2019, and following the use of a Pooled Mean Group (PMG) method on panel data, the results show that in the long term, the direct effect of financial development on economic growth is significantly negative in WAEMU countries. Secondly, ICT diffusion (mobile and Internet) has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Finally, the interaction between financial development and ICT diffusion is significantly positive, thus proving that WAEMU countries can only benefit from financial development once a threshold of ICT diffusion reached. This ICT diffusion threshold is respectively 168.7% and 38.1% for mobile and Internet.
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Amari, A. S. G., A. N’Guessan, J. G. Sackou, A. C. Amonkou, P. M. Alloukou, and R. Duncan. "MEDICINES HARMONIZATION IN WEST AFRICAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION (WAEMU) COUNTRIES." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 2, no. 1 (February 11, 2018): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v2i1.121.
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With the blessing of WHO, the different regions of West Africa engaged in Pharmaceutical regulation harmonization processes on the continent.
Indeed, In west Africa, WAEMU actions on the matter ended in the production of juridical rules opposable to member states who rationalize watching/control procedures and medicine marketing for both human medicine and veterinary products.
What remains then to member states is to appropriate community regulation hoping that Pharmaceutical cooperation reinforcement with ECOWAS, that other sub regional economical organization, grows stronger in order to improve drug use and manufacturing in West African area.
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Yacouba, Salouka, Kane Chérif Sidy, and Tiehi Tito Nestor. "Effet de la Diffusion des TIC Sur la Croissance Economique dans les Pays de l’UEMOA." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 34 (December 31, 2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n34p103.
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Au début de la décennie 1990, les nouvelles théories de la croissance développées suggèrent que l’innovation est la principale source de progrès technologique. Partant de cette idée que l’innovation est source de croissance économique, les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) se sont diffusées de façon exponentielle un peu partout dans le monde.
Cet article se fixe donc pour objectif d’analyser l’effet de la diffusion des TIC sur la croissance économique dans sept pays de l’UEMOA sur la période 2002-2021. Pour ce faire, nous avons estimé un modèle Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) sur un panel issu des données de cette zone. Suite à l’utilisation de l’estimateur Pooled Mean Group (PMG), les résultats montrent qu’à long terme, la diffusion des TIC a un effet positif et significatif sur la croissance économique des pays de l’UEMOA. Ces résultats suggèrent la nécessité pour les décideurs des pays de l’UEMOA de s'engager à développer leurs infrastructures de télécommunications pour une meilleure diffusion des TIC afin d'accélérer au mieux le processus de croissance de leurs économies.
At the start of the 1990s, new theories of growth developed suggested that innovation was the main source of technological progress. Based on this idea that innovation is a source of economic growth, information and communication technologies (ICT) have spread exponentially all over the world. This article therefore sets itself the objective of analyzing the effect of the diffusion of ICT on economic growth in seven WAEMU countries over the period 2002-2021. To do this, we estimated an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model on a panel taken from data from this area. Following the use of the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator, the results show that in the long term, the diffusion of ICT has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of WAEMU countries. These results suggest the need for decision-makers in WAEMU countries to commit to developing their telecommunications infrastructure for better diffusion of ICT in order to accelerate the growth process of their economies.
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MANGRE, P. Ahobaut. "Heterogeneous Monetary Zone and Macroprudential Policy: The Case of the Waemu Zone." Applied Economics and Finance 10, no. 2 (May 23, 2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v10i2.6027.
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This article raises the question of the conduct of a common macroprudential policy aimed at correcting specific financial imbalances in the presence of structural heterogeneity that characterizes the monetary zone, in this case the WAEMU zone. For this reason, we develop a neo-Keynesian DSGE[1] model in an open economy with two countries, namely the core countries and those of the periphery, with increased financial frictions. The results show that in the presence of structural heterogeneities, country-adjusted macroprudential measures, as opposed to a common macroprudential policy, are the best way to reduce specific financial imbalances. However, in financially integrated economies, the existence of negative externalities implies the need to coordinate national macroprudential policies in order to increase the degree of currency area optimality.[1] Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "WAEMU area"
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Yeboah, Eric Adjei. "Determinants of bank net interest margin : does monetary union membership matter?" Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14563.
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The purpose of this thesis is to carry out an empirical investigation into whether membership of monetary union matter in the determination of bank net interest margin. Bank net interest margin is the difference in bank borrowing and lending rates relative to the total interest-earning assets. We operationalise this study by comparing panels of commercial banks within and outside economic and monetary unions in Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa. For our European analysis we use bank-level data from nine Euro Area countries and seven non-Euro Area economies, in a dynamic empirical model, employing Arellano and Bover (1995)/Blundell and Bond (1998) system GMM estimation method. We find that stronger competition and efficiency, as well as greater macroeconomic stability in the Euro Area reduce bank net interest margins more than in the non-Euro Area. We attribute this to the well-developed single market with a strong socio-economic cohesion underpinning rather than the economic and monetary union. We extend the same level of analysis to the Sub-Saharan Africa, where we contrast our findings in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) with those of twenty non-monetary union Sub-Saharan African economies. Our findings in the Sub-Saharan African context reveal a rather different scenario. While the WAEMU enjoys relatively lower net interest margins than its non-monetary union counterparts, this is attributable to the union’s ability to pursue vigorously its primary objective of maintaining price stability by maintaining lower interest rates. Unlike in the Euro Area we do not observe a reducing impact of bank competition and efficiency on bank net interest margin in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) as we do in the non-monetary union Sub-Saharan Africa. We find these results for the Sub-Saharan African analysis puzzling, and attribute it to the absence of a well-developed single/common market which is supposed to drive competition and efficiency with the effect of reducing net interest margins, as it obtains in the Euro Area. Our conclusion is that it is rather the presence of a well-developed single market that engenders competition and efficiency effects to reduce bank net interest margins rather than membership of a monetary union per se.
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Diallo, Daouda. "L'adaptation des dispositifs fiscaux dans le processus de communautarisation en Afrique : le cas de l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0134/document.
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Les pays membres de l'UEMOA ont, à partir des expériences inachevées de précédentes tentatives d'intégrations, ont décidé, au lendemain de la dévaluation du Franc CFA, de se retrouver dans une nouvelle organisation d'intégration, L'union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA). Dans cette Nouvelle, ils entendent allier une politique économique et monétaire pour bâtir une intégration dans le cadre d'un Marché commun ouvert et concurrentiel. Mais les politiques économiques mis en oeuvre dans le cadre de ce marché commun n'arrivent pas à donner les résultats escomptés. L'objet de notre étude est de comprendre les raisons de cet échec relatif alors que c'est le socle même sur lequel le processus a été bâti. Y'a t'il pas une difficulté résultant de la nature du processus engagé? une intégration par le marché dans un espace qui ne dispose pratiquement pas de marché susceptible de générer les effets attendus de création de commerce et d'amélioration de la situation économique des pays? Ou une économie de marché dans un espace dans lequel tous les Etats ont les mêmes industries, les mêmes produits au lieu d'avoir des industries différentes pouvant réaliser des économies d'échelle par l'effet de commerce qui se crée avec le processus d'intégration porté par le désarmement douanier et l'uniformisation de la fiscalité intérieure communautaire. Par ailleurs, ce qui est une autre préoccupation, la politique économique et fiscale de l'Union peut 'elle être conduite en dehors des orientations monétaires qui sont toujours conçues et mises en oeuvre dans le cadre d'institutions indépendantes. D'un coté les Etats qui conçoivent la politique économique, de l'autre la commission qui définie les objectifs de convergence économique et, enfin, une autre institution, l'institution monétaire régie encore par les textes de l'UMOA de Novembre 1973 qui définit et conduit la politique monétaire. C'est une réponse à ces questions voudraient s'atteler notre thèseAfrican countries, members of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), have agreed in their treaty, in particular article 4, to build an economic and monetary union. To this end, the Union has aimed at strengthening the competitiveness of the economic and financial activities of the Member States in an open and competitive market and a rationalized and harmonized legal environment. It also intended to ensure the convergence of the performance and economic policies of the Member States through the institution of a multilateral surveillance procedure. In implementing these objectives, the States of the Union have established among themselves: the pact of convergence and stability, Growth and Solidarity in December 1999. This integration tool, despite numerous adjustments at different stages of its renewal has not yet made it possible to achieve the desired economic convergence. The aim of our study is to examine the economic environment of the Member States in an attempt to understand the reasons for this Community economic underperformance. Have the proposed ratios been elaborated according to the economic realities of the integration area or are they rather a theoretical vision that does not focus on the economic realities of the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union? How to perform these ratios in order to impulse real development of the west Africa, that is the objective of this these
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Tonde, Wendzineguemlafi Dieudonné. "Conditions d'optimalité du régime de change de la zone UEMOA : un examen par l'inclusion du commerce extérieur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL2003.
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Cette thèse est une contribution à la réflexion sur l’optimalité du régime de change des pays de la zone UEMOA dans la perspective d’une adéquation de ce régime aux nouvelles vulnérabilités de la zone. En effet, l’UEMOA se caractérise par une sensible évolution de son commerce extérieur au détriment relatif de la zone Euro et en faveur de la Chine qui est désormais son deuxième principal partenaire commercial. Le chapitre I, en évaluant les effets des termes de l'échange sur la croissance économique de la zone avant et après cette diversification des principaux partenaires commerciaux pour les périodes 1981-2000 et 2001-2017, montre que cette diversification engendre une détérioration des termes de l’échange accentuant la vulnérabilité économique externe de l’UEMOA. Le chapitre II examine les effets des fluctuations du Yuan/Franc CFA sur les flux d’exportations et d’importations des pays de l’UEMOA vers la Chine sur la période 2000 à 2017. Il en résulte un impact négatif de la dépréciation du Franc cfa par rapport au Yuan sur les importations et exportations des pays de l’UEMOA. Le chapitre III propose une nouvelle disposition monétaire qui prend en compte la diversité de vulnérabilités économiques externes des pays de l’UEMOA dans le cadre d’un panier de monnaie afin d’approximer une optimalité du régime de changeThis thesis is a contribution to the reflection on the optimality of the exchange rate regime of WAEMU countries with a view to adapting this regime to the new vulnerabilities of the area. Indeed, the WAEMU is characterized by a significant evolution of its foreign trade to the relative detriment of the Euro area and in favour of China, which is now its second main trading partner. Chapter I, by assessing the effects of the terms of trade on the economic growth of the area before and after this diversification of the main trading partners for the periods 1981-2000 and 2001-2017, shows that this diversification leads to a deterioration in the terms of trade, accentuating the external economic vulnerability of WAEMU. Chapter II examines the effects of Yuan/FrancCFA fluctuations on export and import flows from WAEMU countries to China over the period 2000 to 2017. As a result, the depreciation of the CFA franc against the Yuan had a negative impact on imports and exports of WAEMU countries. Chapter III proposes a new monetary arrangement that takes into account the diversity of external economic vulnerabilities of WAEMU countries within the framework of a basket of currencies in order to approximate an optimal exchange rate regime
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Garofalo, Ludovic. "Etude de la zone monétaire optimale de l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2032.
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Depuis 1939, une partie des pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest a pour monnaie le Franc CFA d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Ces pays constituent, de fait, une zone monétaire. La dévaluation du CFA de 1994 marque le passage d'une convertibilité automatique à une convertibilité partielle. Il est alors légitime de s'interroger sur l'optimalité de cette zone monétaire surtout dans un contexte où la Zone Euro connaît elle même des difficultés.Elle a pour ambition de s'interroger sur l'optimalité de la zone monétaire l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine. L'étude a donc pour objectif d'identifier si cette zone monétaire est une Zone Monétaire Optimale, (ZMO) au sens de MUNDELL (1961). L'objet d'étude soulevé ici portera plus particulièrement sur l'analyse des critères de faisabilité d'une ZMO et le passage à des critères de soutenabilité. Les critères de premier rang d'une ZMO, déterminés par les auteurs précurseurs de littérature sur la question dans les années 1960 et 1970, constitués principalement par les apports de MUNDELL, (1961).Notre travail propose de ne pas se limiter à la définition donnée par MUNDELL, même si cette théorie s'applique à juste titre pour des pays candidats à l'adhésion. Dans ce cas la Loi du Prix Unique permet de caractériser la fixité du taux de change comme étant une condition nécessaire de premier rang. Cette condition de premier ordre est non suffisante pour justifier de la soutenabilité et durabilité d'une zone. La fixité des monnaies est la deuxième condition retenue. La monnaie unique devient alors un choix rationnel qui se justifie par les avantages qu'elle procure aux pays qui l'adoptentOme of the West African countries have adopted the CFA Franc (Franc of African Financial Communities) as their currency in 1939. These countries hence form a monetary zone. The devaluation of the French CFA in 1994 marked the passage from an automatic convertibility to a partial convertibility. It seems legitimate to consider the optimality of the West-African currency area - especially in a context where the Euro zone itself faces difficulties.This thesis aims to identify whether this area is indeed an optimal currency area as defined by MUNDELL in 1961. The object of study raised here will focus more particularly on the analysis of the feasibility of an OCA (Optimum currency area) and on the passage to sustainability criteria. The primary criteria of an OCA -- as determined by the founding authors in the literature of the 1960s and 1970s on the issue, MUNDELL being the main contributor (1961). This study however does not restrict itself solely to the definition given by MUNDELL, even though his theory applies rightly to countries which are candidates to entry into the union. In this case, the Law of one Price (Loop) can characterize the fixity of the exchange rate as a primary necessary condition. This proviso however is not sufficient to justify the sustainability and durability of an area. In case this latter condition is not met, the other condition is the fixity of currencies. The unique currency then becomes a rational choice which is justified by the advantages it procures countries which adopt it
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Diallo, Hamidou. "Hétérogénéités régionales et politiques macroéconomiques dans une zone monétaire le cas de l'UEMOA." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020090/document.
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Cette thèse tire les enseignements de la zone Euro qui représente la phase la plus avancée de l’intégration économique au sein de l’Union Européenne. Cependant, force est de constater que la zone euro affiche des lacunes en termes de mécanismes d’ajustement alternatifs. Ainsi malgré les avancées considérables, cette intégration économique et institutionnelle semble insuffisante pour absorber les chocs asymétriques sur les États. Nous avons utilisé diverses approches (baromètres de convergence, classification par arbre de décision et modèle de Merton) pour évaluer l’efficacité des politiques économiques au sein de l’UEMOA. Nous avons étudié, à partir de données empiriques allant de 1994 à 2015, l’hétérogénéité des principaux agrégats macroéconomiques entre les pays de la zone et leurs évolutions dans le temps. Contrairement aux attentes, des différences existent encore entre les pays. Selon l’objectif de politique macroéconomique mesuré (croissance économique, inflation, chômage), nos résultats révèlent que les changements dans les performances des groupes constitués sont expliqués soit par des migrations entre les groupes, soit par les changements à l’intérieur des groupes. Finalement, nos investigations montrent que l’élargissement à la CEDEAO amplifie ces divergences. Nos résultats montrent enfin une bonne performance de la règle de Taylor comparativement à l’inflation cible depuis 2003. Cette règle serait une "conduite de base" adaptable à la politique de la future banque centrale après avoir levé la difficulté à déterminer les valeurs de référence de l’équation dans ces espaces économiques hétérogènesThis paper draws lessons from the Eurozone which represents the most advanced stage of economic integration in the European Union. However the alternative adjustment mechanisms in place there prove to be insufficient to absorb asymmetric shocks endured by member states. We used various methods such as convergence barometers, decision tree classification, and Merton model in order to assess the effectiveness of the economic policies in place within the WAEMU . We studied, through empirical data from 1994 to 2015, the heterogeneity of the main macroeconomic aggregates between the countries of the area and it’s evolution over time. Contrary to expectations, discrepancies still exist between countries. In accordance with the goal of macroeconomic policy measured, our results reveal that either the effects of migration between groups, or the changes in performance within groups give an account of the changes in performance inside groups. Our investigations eventually brings to light that the expansion to the ECOWAS amplifies the divergences.Lastly, our results show that the Taylor rule has been well put to use in comparison to targeted inflation since 2003. This rule can be regarded as a "basic rule" adaptable to the policy of the future central bank after having lifted the difficulty in determining the reference values in these heterogeneous economic areas
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Sperlich, Yvonne. "Regional integration processes: Four studies about convergence, growth and monitoring tools." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AFC5-6.
Full textBooks on the topic "WAEMU area"
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Monga, Célestin, and Justin Yifu Lin, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793847.001.0001.
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This book examines a variety of topics relating to structural transformation, such as why such transformations are associated with persistently high unemployment; the ‘flying-geese’ theory introduced by Japanese economist Kaname Akamatsu in the mid-1930s; mutual, two-way dependence of structural transformation and food security; a competitiveness-based view of structural transformation; the link between world trade and structural change from 1800 to present; the relationship between financial reforms, financial development, and structural change; sustainable structural change in the context of global value chains; and the commonly used strategies to build effective clusters and industrial parks. The book also discusses the specific problems that arise when composing an index of structural change and development, and suggests ways to address them; how structural change can be formally modelled in New Structural Economics (NSE); and some of the key elements of the knowledge accumulated in development economics. Furthermore, it identifies three key economic forces that drive structural transformation: the first emphasizes income effects, while the other two both emphasize relative price effects. The experiences of regions and countries such as Latin America, the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), India, Egypt, Viet Nam, China, Korea, Taiwan, Ethiopia, and Tanzania with respect to structural transformation are also analysed. Finally, the book considers what is harmful in the existing structures, what goals we want any new structures to serve, and what structures would serve the chosen goals.
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Lornell, Kip. Capital Bluegrass. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199863112.001.0001.
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This book documents the history and development of bluegrass music in and around Washington, DC. It begins with the pre-bluegrass period of country music and ends with a description of the local scene near the end of the 2010s. Capital Bluegrass details the period when this genre became recognized locally as a separate genre within country music, which occurred shortly after the Country Gentlemen formed in 1957. This music gained a wider audience during the 1960s, when WAMU-FM began broadcasting this music and the nationally recognized magazine Bluegrass Unlimited was launched in suburban Maryland. Bluegrass flourished during the 1980s with dozens of local venues offering live bluegrass weekly and the public radio station featuring forty hours a week of bluegrass programming. Although it remains a notable genre in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area, by the 1990s bluegrass began its slow decline in popularity. By 2019, the local bluegrass community remains stable, though graying. Despite the creation of both bluegrasscountry.org and the DC Bluegrass Union, it is abundantly clear that general recognition and appreciation for bluegrass locally is well below the heights it reached some thirty-five years earlier.
Book chapters on the topic "WAEMU area"
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Wetta, Claude, and Antoine Yerbanga. "Real Convergence in the WAEMU Area: A Bayesian Analysis." In Wealth through Integration, 111–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4415-2_6.
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Ndaw, Marie, Gervais Mendy, Samuel Ouya, and Diaraf Seck. "Quantify the Maturity of Internet Banking Security Measures in WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union) Banks." In Innovation and Interdisciplinary Solutions for Underserved Areas, 125–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72965-7_11.
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Tosun, Mehmet Serkan, and Serdar Yılmaz. "Public Investment and Fiscal Sustainability in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)." In Handbook of Research on Public Finance in Europe and the MENA Region, 100–115. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0053-7.ch005.
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In this chapter we analyze fiscal adjustments following economic shocks in the West African Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries. Using an unbalanced panel data, we examine empirically 81 developing countries including eight WAEMU countries over the 1980-2012 period. We compare the cyclicality of fiscal policy in WAEMU to other developing countries. While we focus on the response of public investment to changes in GDP, we also examine responses of current public expenditure and fiscal balance. We find that there is strong procyclicality in fiscal policy in WAEMU countries. Procyclicality is strongest in public investment and WAEMU countries are more procyclical in their fiscal policy compared to a group of countries that include European and Middle East and North African (MENA) countries.
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Mignamissi, Dieudonné. "The Dynamic Effects of Monetary Arrangements on Bilateral Trade in the African Franc Zone." In Global Market and Trade. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108393.
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In this chapter, I estimate the dynamic effects of the sharing of the CFA franc on bilateral exports of member countries of the African Franc Zone (AFZ), distinguishing the results according to its two monetary unions, namely the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CAEMC) and West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). While the overall and average effects are well identified in the recent literature, no study has focused on the dynamic effects of monetary integration in Africa. Using data from the World Bank, UNCTAD, and CEPII, I adopt a gravity specification estimated by ordinary least squares (OLS) and the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimator. Our analysis leads to the following results: (i) in CAEMC, the dynamic effects of the CFA franc on bilateral trade of its member countries are delayed, as they are observed from 2010 onward; (ii) in WAEMU, the CFA franc has permanent dynamic effects throughout the study period; and (iii) these results, robust to the use of the PPML, are partially explained by the detour of trade caused by the fact that most of the partner countries belong to other regional groupings. All of these results call for a deep analysis of the future of the AFZ, which requires relevant reforms to ensure its viability and optimality.
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Peffers, Ken. "Meeting the Demands of Wide- Audience End Users." In End-User Computing, 427–37. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-945-8.ch034.
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This chapter identifies seven problems associated with requirements elicitation, where the intended users are external to the firm; it proposes characteristics for requirements elicitation methods to resolve the problems and tells the story of a new method that supports the resolution of six of the seven problems. Diverse, external users with little relationship to the organization present special problems for requirements elicitation. We identify seven problems for requirements elicitation with wide audience end users (WAEU): context, reach, modeling, model aggregation, presentation, consensus building, and the requirements-design interface. We also identify seven characteristics for requirements elicitation methods to support solutions for these problems. We develop the critical success chains (CSC) method to support six of the seven characteristics and demonstrate its use to develop applications for mobile financial services at Digia, Inc, a Helsinki-based software development firm. Current research efforts are addressing the seventh problem.
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Mwendia, Simon Nyaga, Peter Waiganjo Wagacha, and Robert Oboko. "Culture Aware M-Learning Classification Framework for African Countries." In Cross-Cultural Online Learning in Higher Education and Corporate Training, 98–111. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5023-7.ch005.
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African countries are currently experiencing proliferation of mobile phone subscriptions but no prevalence of personal computers or electricity (Parker, 2011). It is estimated that, by the end of 2015 in Sub-Saharan Africa, the percentage of people with mobile network access will surpass that of access to electricity in homes (Rao, 2011). This phenomenon is also experienced in learning institutions, particularly universities, where almost every student owns a mobile phone (Kashorda & Waema, 2009). Although there is a great potential for Mobile Learning (M-Learning) in education, the formal integration of M-Learning in the education systems is in its infancy since there is limited number of M-Learning projects in the region. This is in contrast with the rapid increase and integration of mobile phones in the daily lives of the population in the region (Isaacs, 2012). According to Olaniran (2009), online learning needs to be culturally aware and investigate the dimensions of cultural variability as well as its influence on learning within global education. In an attempt to address this need, this chapter focuses on the African region in describing dimensions of cultural variability and proposes four categories for M-Learning projects as well as their influences on dimensions of cultural variability.