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1

Edmister, Bradley, and Michael O’Shea. "W. V. Quine." Harvard Review of Philosophy 4, no. 1 (1994): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/harvardreview1994413.

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2

Parsons, Charles. "W. V. Quine." Harvard Review of Philosophy 10, no. 1 (2002): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/harvardreview20021012.

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3

Føllesdal, Dagfinn. "W. V. Quine Remembered." Harvard Review of Philosophy 9, no. 1 (2001): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/harvardreview2001919.

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4

Humphries, Barbara, Lewis Edwin Hahn, and Paul Arthur Schilpp. "The Philosophy of W. V. Quine." Philosophical Review 98, no. 2 (April 1989): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2185285.

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5

Kaminsky, Jack. "The Philosophy of W. V. Quine." International Studies in Philosophy 19, no. 1 (1987): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil198719119.

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6

Kaminsky, Jack. "The Philosophy of W. V. Quine." International Studies in Philosophy 23, no. 1 (1991): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil199123123.

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7

Moore, A. W. "The Philosophy of W. V. Quine." Idealistic Studies 22, no. 3 (1992): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/idstudies199222354.

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8

Williams, Michael. "Pursuit of Truth by W. V. Quine." Journal of Philosophy 89, no. 1 (1992): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil199289157.

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9

Godlove,, Terry F. "Quiddities: An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary. W. V. Quine." Journal of Religion 68, no. 4 (October 1988): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/487980.

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10

LEWIS, H. A. "The Philosophy of W. V. Quine: An Expository Essay." Philosophical Books 25, no. 1 (February 12, 2009): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0149.1984.tb00597.x.

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11

Kemp, Gary. "The Significance of the New Logic, by W. V. Quine." Mind 129, no. 516 (October 1, 2019): 1320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzz057.

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12

Zoric, Aleksandra. "Three indeterminacies of Quine`s." Theoria, Beograd 59, no. 4 (2016): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1604005z.

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In this text we shall examine three well known theses that W. V. Quine held. In order, these are the theses of the indeterminacy of translation, ontological relativity and underdetermination of theories. First two theses are interwoven inside Quine?s writings on the possibility of the unambiguous translation from the unknown language, while the third results from the examination of the nature of scientific theories. All three theses are closely related to each other, since we can speak of both indeterminacy and ontological relativity of any single theory. However, Quine considers relativity of scientific theories a temporary matter, while, on the contrary, indeterminacy is the permanent aspect of language.
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13

ISAAC, JOEL. "W. V. QUINE AND THE ORIGINS OF ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY IN THE UNITED STATES." Modern Intellectual History 2, no. 2 (August 2005): 205–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244305000405.

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W. V. Quine is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential philosophers of the twentieth century. Quine wrote and lectured on logic, philosophy of language, and epistemology throughout his long career, and was one of the American figures who did most to establish the analytic tradition of philosophy in the United States. Until recently, the historical development of both Quine's philosophy and the analytic tradition of which it is a part remained unexamined by historians and philosophers alike. In the last decade or so, however, analytic philosophers have begun to assess the history of their enterprise, and Quine's place within it. Building on this welcome development with the tools of intellectual history, this essay examines Quine's philosophical apprenticeship in the late 1920s and 1930s.The basic tenets of Quine's mature thought set in early in his studies. Most notably, he displayed in his student writings a commitment to science as the primary theory of the world within which philosophical inquiry should take place. Yet he found the uncertain direction of interwar American philosophy uncongenial to his views. During a year of postdoctoral research in Europe, Quine encountered the work of analytic philosophers and logicians such as Rudolf Carnap and Alfred Tarski. Their scientific program for philosophy captivated Quine, who returned to Harvard a champion of their work. For the rest of the 1930s, Quine was an indefatigable advocate of the analytic tradition; he brought news of European logic and scientific philosophy to American universities. His purpose in doing so was to move American philosophy towards science and away from what he saw as its metaphysical entanglements. The reception and transformation of analytic philosophy in the United States is shown to have involved a complex dynamic between foreign and domestic conceptions of philosophy.
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14

MORSCHER, Edgar. "W. V. QUINE: WAS VON IHM WENIGER BEKANNT UND DENNOCH INTERESSANT IST." Grazer Philosophische Studien 83, no. 1 (2011): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401200721_017.

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15

Stroud, Barry. "Dear Carnap, Dean Van: The Quine-Carnap Correspondence and Related Work by W. V. Quine and Rudolf Carnap. Richard Creath, ed." Journal of Philosophy 89, no. 7 (1992): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil199289727.

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16

Wheeler, Samuel C. "Quine, Davidson, Relative Essentialism and the Question of Being." Open Philosophy 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2018): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2018-0009.

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AbstractRelative essentialism, the view that multiple objects about which there are distinct de re modal truths can occupy the same space at the same time, is a metaphysical view that dissolves a number of metaphysical issues. The present essay constructs and defends relative essentialism and argues that it is implicit in some of the ideas of W. V. Quine and Donald Davidson. Davidson’s published views about individuation and sameness can accommodate the common-sense insights about change and persistence of Aristotle and Kripke. Aristotle and Kripke have to give up unmediated direct reference resting on a unique correct articulation of reality into entities. Davidson has to acknowledge a distinction between descriptions giving accidental and those giving essential features of an object. Quine and Davidson were in a position to be a relative essentialist, but were over-impressed by supervenience. The relative essentialist view of beings developed from Quine and Davidson strongly suggests the Heideggerian distinction between beings and Being, and is the perspective from which analytic philosophy can engage that topic. Relative essentialism also connects analytic philosophy to Derrida’s thinking about differance.
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17

Hylton, Peter, Lewis Edwin Hahn, and Paul Arthur Schilpp. "The Philosophy of W. V. O. Quine, vol. XVIII of The Library of Living Philosophers." Journal of Philosophy 85, no. 3 (March 1988): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2027072.

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18

Heal, Jane. "Pursuit of Truth By W. V. Quine Harvard University Press, 1990, x + 113 pp., £13.95." Philosophy 65, no. 253 (July 1990): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100057740.

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19

Leblanc, Hugues. "Commentary on W. V. Quine's “Free Logic, Description, and Virtual Classes”." Dialogue 36, no. 1 (1997): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300009331.

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Since I wrote my doctoral dissertation lo! these forty-seven years ago under Professor Quine, my colleague Alain Voizard thought it fitting that I comment on the paper just delivered. The invitation flattered me, I confess, as did Professor Quine's choice of a subject: free logic, a logic of which I was one of the numerous fathers thirty-five years ago. So, it is in my capacity as a commentator that I address you now, saving for tomorrow afternoon further thoughts prompted by this colloquium.
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20

Nubiola, Jaime. "QUINE, W. V.: Quiddities. An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1987, 249 págs." Anuario Filosófico 23, no. 1 (October 19, 2018): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/009.23.31003.

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21

Hylton, Peter. "The Philosophy of W. V. O. Quine by Lewis Edwin Hahn and Paul Arthur Schilpp, eds." Journal of Philosophy 85, no. 3 (1988): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil198885370.

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22

Isaac, Joel. "Missing links: W. V. Quine, the making of ‘Two Dogmas’, and the analytic roots of post-analytic philosophy." History of European Ideas 37, no. 3 (September 2011): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.histeuroideas.2010.10.006.

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23

MCHENRY, LEEMON B., and GEORGE W. SHIELDS. "Analytical Critiques of Whitehead's Metaphysics." Journal of the American Philosophical Association 2, no. 3 (2016): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2016.21.

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ABSTRACT:Analytic philosophers have criticized A. N. Whitehead's metaphysics for being obscure, yet several such philosophers have espoused positions in metaphysics and philosophy of mind that were advanced by Whitehead in the 1920s. In this paper, we evaluate the merits and demerits of these criticisms by Bertrand Russell, W. V. Quine, Karl Popper, and others and then demonstrate the affinities and contrasts in the positions advanced by Galen Strawson, David Chalmers, Thomas Nagel, and Whitehead regarding so-called ‘analytic panexperientialism’.
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24

Montminy, Martin. "Indétermination de la traduction et sous-détermination des théories scientifiques." Dialogue 31, no. 4 (1992): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300016140.

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La thèse de l'indétermination de la traduction de W. V. O. Quine est certainement une des thèses les plus controversées de la philosophie du langage. Le présent article explique en quoi consiste cette thèse et examine les liens qu'elle entretient avec la thèse de la sous-détermination des théories scientifiques. La première section montre comment la thèse de l'indétermination de la traduction découle de la conception behavioriste du langage de Quine. Les sections suivantes exposent deux façons de dériver la thèse de l'indétermination: par le holisme et le vérificationnisme dans la section 2 et par la thèse de la sous-détermination dans la section 3. La section 4 précise la formulation de la thèse de la sous-détermination proposée dans «On Empirically Equivalent Systems of the World» et la section 5 expose les critiques exprimées par W. Bechtel (1980) à propos de cette formulation. Ces critiques témoignent d'une mauvaise compréhension de la position de Quine et j'essaierai de montrer en quoi elles sont fautives. La section 6 traite des deux façons de dériver la thèse de l'indétermination, à la lumière des modifications apportées à la formulation de la thèse de la sous-détermination. Enfin, la section 7 s'intéresse aux questions de fait (facts of the matter) relatives à la sous-détermination des théories et à l'indétermination de la traduction.
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25

Villalobos Kirmayr, Mario. "El giro Post-análitico: De la Semántica Realista a la Indeterminación de la Referencia." Summa Psicológica 1, no. 2 (July 30, 2013): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18774/448x.2003.1.11.

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La teorización analítica acerca de las propiedades semánticas del lenguaje ha transcurrido fundamentalmente dentro de los márgenes estrictos del realismo filosófico. Tanto los enfoques extensionales como los de la significación, asumen como no problemática la instancia extralingüística a la que el lenguaje se refiere en sus denotaciones. Aunque este marco realista parece condición mínima para plantear el asunto semántico del lenguaje, los desarrollos post-analíticos elaborados por W. V. O. Quine, basados en su crítica de la teoría verificacionista de la confirmación local, muestran las dificultades del planteamiento objetivista respecto del mundo extralingüístico, y su pretendida posibilidad de establecer referencialidades unívocas y universales.
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26

Jubien, Michael. "W. V. Quine. Philosophy of logic. Second edition of XL 587. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1986, x + 109 pp." Journal of Symbolic Logic 53, no. 1 (March 1988): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022481200029133.

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27

Woods, John. "Lewis E. Hahn and Paul A. Schilpp eds., The Philosophy of W. V. Quine. La Salle, IL: Open Court1986. Pp. xvi+705." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 19, no. 4 (December 1989): 617–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1989.10716788.

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28

Davidson, Donald. "W. V. Quine. The time of my life. An autobiography. Bradford books. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1985, xii + 499 pp." Journal of Symbolic Logic 53, no. 1 (March 1988): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022481200029121.

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29

Teixeira, Célia. "Understanding the Revisability Thesis." Grazer Philosophische Studien 95, no. 2 (May 2, 2018): 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-000030.

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W. V. Quine famously claimed that no statement is immune to revision. This thesis has had a profound impact on twentieth century philosophy, and it still occupies centre stage in many contemporary debates. However, despite its importance it is not clear how it should be interpreted. The author shows that the thesis is in fact ambiguous between three substantially different theses. She illustrates the importance of clarifying it by assessing its use in the debate against the existence of a priori knowledge. She shows how the three different readings of the thesis can be used to generate three substantially different and philosophically significant arguments against the a priori. The author further challenges each one of these arguments against the a priori.
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30

PRATT-HARTMANN, IAN, WIESŁAW SZWAST, and LIDIA TENDERA. "THE FLUTED FRAGMENT REVISITED." Journal of Symbolic Logic 84, no. 3 (June 6, 2019): 1020–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2019.33.

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AbstractWe study the fluted fragment, a decidable fragment of first-order logic with an unbounded number of variables, motivated by the work of W. V. Quine. We show that the satisfiability problem for this fragment has nonelementary complexity, thus refuting an earlier published claim by W. C. Purdy that it is in NExpTime. More precisely, we consider ${\cal F}{{\cal L}^m}$, the intersection of the fluted fragment and the m-variable fragment of first-order logic, for all $m \ge 1$. We show that, for $m \ge 2$, this subfragment forces $\left\lfloor {m/2} \right\rfloor$-tuply exponentially large models, and that its satisfiability problem is $\left\lfloor {m/2} \right\rfloor$-NExpTime-hard. We further establish that, for $m \ge 3$, any satisfiable ${\cal F}{{\cal L}^m}$-formula has a model of at most ($m - 2$)-tuply exponential size, whence the satisfiability (= finite satisfiability) problem for this fragment is in ($m - 2$)-NExpTime. Together with other, known, complexity results, this provides tight complexity bounds for ${\cal F}{{\cal L}^m}$ for all $m \le 4$.
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31

EKONG, JOSEPH T. "A Ratiocinative Study and Assessment of W. V. O. Quine’s “Criterion of Ontological Commitment”." International Journal of Philosophy 1, no. 1 (October 7, 2022): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijp.1052.

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Purpose: This work has three main objectives: Firstly, it offers an elucidation of the notion of ontological commitment. Secondly, it assesses the adequacy of the criterion of ontological commitment for different languages. Thirdly, it offers some speculative and evaluative remarks regarding the significance of Quine’s criterion of ontological commitment. Many ontologists, within the analytic tradition, often appeal to Quine's criterion of ontological commitment, when debating whether an assertion or theory implies the existence of a certain entity. Regarding his goal in formulating this criterion, he says that the criterion does not aim to help us discover what it is that there is, but only what a theory says there is: “I look to variables and quantification for evidence as to what a theory says that there is, not for evidence as to what there is” (Quine, 1960: 225). Its most popular formulation, using textual evidence from Quine's oeuvre, is: “To be is to be the value of a bound variable,” (Quine, 1961: 15). However, this formulation is susceptible to gross misunderstanding, especially if one is influenced by the formalities and technical maneuvers of model theory. In mathematical logic, model theory is the study of the relationship between formal theories (a collection of sentences in a formal language expressing statements about a mathematical structure), and their models (those structures in which the statements of the theory hold). Model theory is a branch of mathematical logic where we study mathematical structures by considering the first-order sentences true in those structures and the sets definable by first-order formulas. Model theory studies the relations between sentences of a formal language and the interpretations (or ‘structures’) which make these sentences true or false. It offers precise definitions of truth, logical truth and consequence, meanings and modalities. Methodology: This work is expository, analytic, critical and evaluative in its methodology. Of course, there are familiar philosophical problems which are within the discursive framework of ‘ontology,’ often phrased by asking if something or some category of things are “real,” or whether “they exist,” concretely. An outstanding example is provided by the traditional problem of universals, which issues in the nominalist-realist controversy, as to the real existence of universals, or of abstract entities such as classes (in the mathematical sense) or propositions (in the abstract sense, referring to the content of an assertion in abstraction from the particular words used to convey it). Results: In as much as one might agree with Quine’s Criterion of Ontological Commitment, one might also opine that it is nonetheless a feature of first-order language (i.e. the language embodied in first-order logic; a symbolized reasoning process comprising relations, functions and constants, in which each sentence or statement is broken down into a subject and a predicate. In this regard, the predicate modifies or defines the properties of the subject) that there should be an exact correspondence between the ontological commitments carried by a sentence and the objects that must be counted among the values of the variables in order for the sentence to be true. However, this in itself is not a reason for thinking that such a feature will generalize beyond first-order languages. It is possible for Quine’s Criterion to degenerate, when the language contains atomic predicates expressing extrinsic properties. Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on Quine’s analysis, a theory is committed to those and only those entities that in the last analysis serve as the values of its bound variables. Thus, ordinary first-order theory commits one to an ontology only of individuals (particulars), whereas higher order logic commits one to the existence of sets, i.e. of collections of definite and distinct entities (or, alternatively, of properties and relations). Likewise, if bound first-order variables are assumed to range over sets (as they do in set theory), a commitment to the existence of these sets is incurred. Admittedly, the precise import of Quine’s criterion of ontological commitment, however, is not completely clear, nor is it clear in what other sense one is perhaps committed by a theory to those entities that are named or otherwise referred to in it, but not quantified over in it. However, it despite its limitations, it has made is possible for one to measure the ontological cost of theories, an important component in deciding which theories to accept, thus offering a partial foundation for theory choice.
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32

Floyd, Juliet. "W. V. Quine. The logic of sequences. A generalization of Principia mathematica. Harvard dissertations in philosophy. Garland Publishing, New York and London1990, xi + 290 pp." Journal of Symbolic Logic 56, no. 4 (December 1991): 1487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275489.

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33

KLEMENT, KEVIN C. "THE FUNCTIONS OF RUSSELL’S NO CLASS THEORY." Review of Symbolic Logic 3, no. 4 (September 30, 2010): 633–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020310000225.

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Certain commentators on Russell’s “no class” theory, in which apparent reference to classes or sets is eliminated using higher-order quantification, including W. V. Quine and (recently) Scott Soames, have doubted its success, noting the obscurity of Russell’s understanding of so-called “propositional functions.” These critics allege that realist readings of propositional functions fail to avoid commitment to classes or sets (or something equally problematic), and that nominalist readings fail to meet the demands placed on classes by mathematics. I show that Russell did thoroughly explore these issues, and had good reasons for rejecting accounts of propositional functions as extralinguistic entities. I argue in favor of a reading taking propositional functions to be nothing over and above open formulas which addresses many such worries, and in particular, does not interpret Russell as reducing classes to language.
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34

Bacon, John. "The completeness of a predicate-functor logic." Journal of Symbolic Logic 50, no. 4 (December 1985): 903–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2273980.

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Predicate-functor logic, as founded by W. V. Quine ([1960], [1971], [1976], [1981]), is first-order predicate logic without individual variables. Instead, adverbs or predicate functors make explicit the permutations and replications of argument-places familiarly indicated by shifting variables about. For the history of this approach, see Quine [1971, 309ff.]. With the evaporation of variables, individual constants naturally assimilate to singleton predicates or adverbs, leaving no logical subjects whatever of type 0. The orphaned “predicates” may then be taken simply as terms in the sense of traditional logic: class and relational terms on model-theoretic semantics, schematic terms on Quine's denotational or truth-of semantics. Predicate-functor logic thus stands forth as the pre-eminent first-order term logic, as distinct from propositional-quantificational logic. By the same token, it might with some justification qualify as “first-order combinatory logic”, with allowance for some categorization of the sort eschewed in general combinatory logic, the ultimate term logic.Over the years, Quine has put forward various choices of primitive predicate functors for first-order logic with or without the full theory of identity. Moreover, he has provided translations of quantificational into predicate-functor notation and vice versa ([1971, 312f.], [1981, 651]). Such a translation does not of itself establish semantic completeness, however, in the absence of a proof that it preserves deducibility.An axiomatization of predicate-functor logic was first published by Kuhn [1980], using primitives rather like Quine's. As Kuhn noted, “The axioms and rules have been chosen to facilitate the completeness proof” [1980, 153]. While this expedient simplifies the proof, however, it limits the depth of analysis afforded by the axioms and rules. Mindful of this problem, Kuhn ([1981] and [1983]) boils his axiom system down considerably, correcting certain minor slips in the original paper.
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35

Dombrowski, Paul M. "Language and Empiricism." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 32, no. 1 (January 2002): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ttv6-b87v-fbh9-5800.

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The connection between language and empiricism is a central issue in technical writing and communication, more so than in other fields. Our field deals with technical and scientific knowledge which is oftentimes very definite and objective, yet there has been increasing recognition over the past few decades that this knowledge is socially constructed and rhetorically negotiated. Debates have ensued over the rhetoricity of technical communication in contrast to its empirical and instrumental aspects. W. V Quine, one of the most influential American philosophers of the twentieth century, however, rejected the distinction between empirical knowledge and knowledge stemming from language and social negotiation. Understanding technical writing and communication through the lens of Quine's theory ameliorates the tension between instrumental and rhetorical/humanistic views of technical discourse by recognizing the validity of both views and integrating the two. This understanding in turn will facilitate our pedagogical interactions with technical and scientific majors.
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36

Fraser, Bruce W. "What’s Love Got to do With It?" International Journal of Philosophical Practice 2, no. 2 (2004): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijpp2004229.

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This paper argues for an intrinsic connection between Logic-Based Therapy (LBT) and empirical psychology, a connection that suggests the need to employ both philo­sophical and psychological theories in the clinical setting. This link is established by arguing that LBT is conceptually grounded in naturalized epistemology, the view introduced and defended by W. V. O. Quine in the aftermath of his attack on the Analytic-Synthetic dis­tinction. Naturalized epistemology places empirical psychology and logic on the same epis­temic foundation, and, it is argued, it is this foundation that both supports the application of logic in the clinical setting and connects logic to empirical psychology. One consequence of this view is that LBT should be understood as providing a theoretical framework for other forms of philosophical counseling, an idea that establishes the logic-based approach to therapy as the sine qua non of the counseling enterprise.
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37

Reyes Flores, Ángel O. "Los distintos tipos de análisis conceptual y sus aplicaciones en la teoría jurídica. Hacia una integración metodológica." Problema. Anuario de Filosofía y Teoría del Derecho 1, no. 15 (August 6, 2021): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iij.24487937e.2021.15.16132.

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El análisis conceptual como método en la investigación filosófica jurídi-ca ha sido un reflejo de los desarrollos en la filosofía analítica general, dentro de estos podemos encontrar dos vertientes, la vertiente reductiva y la vertiente conectiva, así co-mo la crítica de W. V. O. Quine en cuanto a la naturalización del análisis, las cuales se replican en la teoría jurídica; no obstante, dentro de ésta, han surgido variantes de estos enfoques en relación al concepto mismo del derecho y otros conceptos relacionados; co-mo lo son, el análisis conceptual directamente evaluativo, o el análisis conceptual indirec-tamente evaluativo, así como otros enfoques que consideran que los conceptos deben analizarse en relación con sus propiedades necesarias y otros que deben analizarse en relación a sus propiedades contingentes, o bien a ambas. Asimismo, se propone que, sien-do conscientes de las distinciones metodológicas del análisis conceptual, sea posible inte-grar metodológicamente sus vertientes.
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38

Schmitt, Frederick F., and Oliver R. Scholz. "Introduction: The History of Social Epistemology." Episteme 7, no. 1 (February 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e174236000900077x.

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Social epistemology is a burgeoning branch of contemporary epistemology. Since the 1970s, philosophers have taken an ever-increasing interest in such topics as the epistemic value of testimony, the nature and function of expertise, the proper distribution of cognitive labor and resources among individuals in communities, and the status of group reasoning and knowledge. This trend emerged against the resistance of the widely shared view that social considerations are largely irrelevant to epistemological concerns. The trend was stimulated by diverse approaches to the study of knowledge, in such fields as library science, educational theory, the sociology of science, and economics, and within philosophy itself, in the decades preceding the 1980s. To name only a few influences within philosophy, W. V. Quine promoted a naturalistic approach to knowledge, and many who accepted the relevance of nature to epistemology found it sensible to accept the relevance of social factors as well. Thomas S. Kuhn suggested that social factors precipitate revolutionary conceptual and doctrinal changes in the history of science. And feminist epistemologists uncovered the importance of gender differences in knowledge – a species of social factor.
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Teixeira, Célia. "HOW NOT TO REJECT THE A PRIORI*." Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia 59, no. 140 (August 2018): 365–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-512x2018n14002ct.

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ABSTRACT According to one influential argument against the existence of a priori knowledge, there is no a priori knowledge because (i) no belief is immune to revision, and (ii) if there were a priori knowledge, at least some beliefs would be unrevisable. A version of this argument was famously advocated by W. V. Quine, and is still popular among many naturalist philosophers. The aim of this paper is to examine and reject this argument against the a priori. The paper starts by discussing the thesis (i) and its role in Quine’s Web of Belief model. It is suggested that this thesis faces some important challenges that might jeopardize its use in the above argument against the a priori. Premise (ii) of the argument is then discussed. Philip Kitcher has famously defended a version of premise (ii). His arguments are assessed and rejected. The conclusion is that we have no good reason to accept (ii), and, with it, this argument against the a priori. The paper ends by proposing an account of the a priori that is perfectly compatible with (i).
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Bergström, Lars. "W. V. Quine Confessions of a Confirmed Extensionalist and Other Essays, ed. DagfinnFøllesdal and Douglas B.Quine. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2008. 482 pp. isbn 978-0-674-03084-8." Theoria 79, no. 2 (April 3, 2013): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/theo.12012.

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SERKOVA, VERA, and VERA LOBASTOVA. "THE PROBLEMATICS OF REALITY IN CONTEMPORARY ANTI-REALIST PHILOSOPHICAL THEORIES (CRITICAL REVIEW)." HORIZON / Fenomenologicheskie issledovanija/ STUDIEN ZUR PHÄNOMENOLOGIE / STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY / ÉTUDES PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIQUES 11, no. 2 (2022): 666–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-2-666-688.

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The article analyzes literature addressing the problem of reality in modern anti-realist theories. The purpose of the review is to expand the circle of researchers, including not only representatives of analytical philosophy, but also those of the phenomenological tradition, since the principle of phenomenological reduction corresponds to the general conceptual attitude of anti-realists, and in methodological terms, phenomenology more consistently implements the program of anti-realism. The principle of anti-realist philosophy is shown as exemplified in solutions of the “difficult problem of consciousness” within analytical philosophy and also in the development of a phenomenological attitude. Such a combination of two, by far the most respectable, philosophical schools makes it possible to more accurately determine the contribution of theorists of both directions to the theory of reality, to identify problematic nodes, internal disagreements and points of intersection of the ideas of phenomenologists and representatives of analytical philosophy in understanding the nature of reality. The works of modern researchers of the problems of reality R. Berghofer, V. Vasyukov, Ya. Ishihara, V. Ladov, L. Makeeva, R. Pils, A. Fursov, D. Chalmers and many others, as well as the works of E. Husserl, W. Quine, H. Putnam’s works, which have become philosophical classics, allow us to clarify the ideas about reality that have developed in the anti-realist discourse from different sides. New studies of the principle of phenomenological reduction by Yu. Himanka and the origins of the formation of phenomenological philosophy by N.V. Motroshilova make it possible to clarify the contribution of phenomenologists to the anti-realist tradition.
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Levi, Melih. "Sounds and gestures of linguistic reference: the endurance of reality in the poetry of Wallace Stevens." Semiotica 2021, no. 240 (March 1, 2021): 351–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2021-0018.

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Abstract The article seeks a rapprochement between pragmatic and semantic theories of language by returning to a breaking point in the history of philosophy, the middle of the twentieth century, when these theoretical models began to evolve into distinct schools of thought. Philosophical accounts of this period explore various and intertwined dependencies between semantics and context; however, they only implicitly examine the potential of sounds and bodily gestures in bringing descriptive clarity to the modes and limits of such dependencies. The article first investigates the way W. V. Quine conceptualized linguistic reference by combining behavioral models of language acquisition with more systematic explorations of syntax. It then turns to P. F. Strawson’s revisionary accounts of Kantian philosophy which reassess the silent strains of empiricism in Kant’s framework in order to identify possible grounds of reconciliation between pragmatic and semantic theories of language. Sound and gesture, two aspects that supplement language and give it an embodied feeling, are suggested as possible devices for formalizing intersections between context and semantic-oriented approaches. Poems by Wallace Stevens are used to think about the endurance of reference and how this endurance can find more compelling demonstration through an investigation of language as an embodied phenomenon.
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Spencer, Joseph M. "Badiou and Frege: A Continental Critique of Logical Form." Open Philosophy 1, no. 1 (August 29, 2018): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2018-0008.

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Abstract Various critiques of important (early) analytic thinkers made by Alain Badiou in the late 1960s have been largely overlooked by continental philosophers and entirely overlooked by analytic philosophers. This paper looks in detail at Badiou’s 1969 essay ‟Mark and Lack,” providing an exposition and clarification of his direct and sustained critique of Gottlob Frege’s supposed ideological (rather than scientific) philosophical commitments. Badiou’s intellectual context is analyzed in some detail, not only explaining his theoretical debt to his then-master Louis Althusser, but also clarifying his understandings of the notions of ‟the scientific” and ‟the ideological” in light of the projects of Gaston Bachelard and Georges Canguilhem. A philosophical exposition of Badiou’s point-by-point critique of Frege’s conception of logic follows. Finally, the paper concludes with an analysis of the more general relevance of Badiou’s half-century-old critiques in light of developments in contemporary analytic metaphysics, especially those indebted to W. V. O. Quine and Donald Davidson. In essence, Davidson’s Fregean reconfiguration of Tarski’s work on truth (more explicit than, but not unrelated to, Quine’s work) places contemporary analytic metaphysics within the scope of what Badiou directly criticizes. It is suggested that Badiou’s critique find a place in discussions of analytic metaphysics.
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Андреев, Алексей. "Application of New Epistemological Theories for the Interpretation of the Biblical Text." Библия и христианская древность, no. 3(3) (October 15, 2019): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2658-4476-2019-3-3-213-225.

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В настоящей статье рассматривается возможность применения новых эпистемологических теорий, разработанных такими исследователями, как Ч. С. Пирс, А. Тарский, К. Поппер, У. В. О. Куайн, для интерпретации библейского текста. В современную эпоху распространилось представление о том, что текст Писания может заключать в себе неограниченное число смыслов, которые могут быть одновременно противоположны друг другу, при этом ни один из них не имеет права претендовать на исключительность и окончательную истинность. Данная ситуация породила определенную стагнацию в современной библейской науке. Как доказывается в данной статье, из подобной ситуации «интерпретационной анархии» возможно выйти, если применить ко множеству библейских герменевтических теорий принципы, разработанные в современной эпистемологии науки. Особое внимание в статье уделяется возможности имплементации теории роста научного знания, предложенной К. Поппером. В статье доказывается, что применение данной модели при анализе множества различных интерпретационных стратегий, разработанных исследователями Библии, позволяет элиминировать ненаучные интерпретации, а также создать возможность конкурентной дискуссии между наиболее правдоподобными гипотезами, что, в свою очередь, должно стимулировать рост научного знания в современной библейской науке. The article discusses the possibility of applying new epistemological theories developed by researchers such as Ch. S. Pierce, A. Tarsky, K. Popper, W. V. O. Quine, for the interpretation of the biblical text. In the Modern period, the idea that the Bible contains only one «true» meaning - the idea of the empirical author of a biblical text - was established. In the present situatuin, which can conventionally be called postmodernism, the idea has spread that the text of Scripture can contain an unlimited number of meanings which can be simultaneously opposed to each other, and none of them has the right to claim exclusivity and to be ultimate truth. This situation created a certain stagnation in modern biblical scholarship. As this article proves, it is possible to get out of such a situation of «interpretative anarchy» if we apply the principles developed in modern epistemology of science to biblical hermeneutic theories. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of implementing the theory of growth of scientific knowledge, proposed by K. Popper. The article proves that the use of this model in the analysis of variety of different interpretational strategies developed by Biblical scholars allows to eliminate unscientific interpretations, as well as to create an opportunity for competitive discussion between the most plausible hypotheses, which in turn should stimulate the growth of scientific knowledge in modern Biblical studies.
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Андреев, Алексей. "Application of New Epistemological Theories for the Interpretation of the Biblical Text." Библия и христианская древность, no. 3(3) (October 15, 2019): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2658-4476-2019-3-3-213-225.

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В настоящей статье рассматривается возможность применения новых эпистемологических теорий, разработанных такими исследователями, как Ч. С. Пирс, А. Тарский, К. Поппер, У. В. О. Куайн, для интерпретации библейского текста. В современную эпоху распространилось представление о том, что текст Писания может заключать в себе неограниченное число смыслов, которые могут быть одновременно противоположны друг другу, при этом ни один из них не имеет права претендовать на исключительность и окончательную истинность. Данная ситуация породила определенную стагнацию в современной библейской науке. Как доказывается в данной статье, из подобной ситуации «интерпретационной анархии» возможно выйти, если применить ко множеству библейских герменевтических теорий принципы, разработанные в современной эпистемологии науки. Особое внимание в статье уделяется возможности имплементации теории роста научного знания, предложенной К. Поппером. В статье доказывается, что применение данной модели при анализе множества различных интерпретационных стратегий, разработанных исследователями Библии, позволяет элиминировать ненаучные интерпретации, а также создать возможность конкурентной дискуссии между наиболее правдоподобными гипотезами, что, в свою очередь, должно стимулировать рост научного знания в современной библейской науке. The article discusses the possibility of applying new epistemological theories developed by researchers such as Ch. S. Pierce, A. Tarsky, K. Popper, W. V. O. Quine, for the interpretation of the biblical text. In the Modern period, the idea that the Bible contains only one «true» meaning - the idea of the empirical author of a biblical text - was established. In the present situatuin, which can conventionally be called postmodernism, the idea has spread that the text of Scripture can contain an unlimited number of meanings which can be simultaneously opposed to each other, and none of them has the right to claim exclusivity and to be ultimate truth. This situation created a certain stagnation in modern biblical scholarship. As this article proves, it is possible to get out of such a situation of «interpretative anarchy» if we apply the principles developed in modern epistemology of science to biblical hermeneutic theories. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of implementing the theory of growth of scientific knowledge, proposed by K. Popper. The article proves that the use of this model in the analysis of variety of different interpretational strategies developed by Biblical scholars allows to eliminate unscientific interpretations, as well as to create an opportunity for competitive discussion between the most plausible hypotheses, which in turn should stimulate the growth of scientific knowledge in modern Biblical studies.
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46

Matkowska-Jerzyk, Magdalena. "Nazwiska czeskie a Czesi w Polsce w XX w." Slavica Wratislaviensia 166 (June 22, 2018): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.166.12.

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Czech names and Czech in Poland in the 20th centuryThe article was based on more than 600 Czech surnames from Słownik nazwisk współcześnie w Polsce używanych used by Kazimierz Rymut. The article shows the state of research of Czech anthroponymy in Poland, which was treated by researchers quite marginally. An outline of the history of contacts and Czech settlements in Poland was also presented, which had an important impact on the extension of the Polish anthroponymic system with the Czech genetic names. The four most important areas on which the Czech settlement was developed were: Galicia Galicja, “Czech Corner” Czeski Zakątek, Settlement areas areas of settlements of the Czech brothers and Silesia Śląsk. The article compares the data of names in Poland in the twentieth century with the map of the Czech population, which mostly overlapped. Česká příjmení a Češi v Polsku ve 20. stoletíTento článek byl založen na více než 600 českých příjmeních excerpovaných ze Słowniku nazwisk współcześnie używanych ed. Kazimierze Rymuta. Článek představuje současný stav výzkumu českých příjmení v polském antroponomastickém systému, který doposud byl považován vědci spíše okrajově. Zaroveň představuje také stručnou historii česko-polských vztahu a českého usázení v Polsku, které měly významný vliv na expanzi geneticky českých příjmení do polského antroponomastického systému. Autorka vyčlenila 4 nejdůležitější oblasti, ve kterých vznikaly největší české společnosti, a to: Galicie, Český koutek, místa, na kterých se usazeli čeští exulanti členové Jednoty bratrské a Slezsko. Ve svém článku autorka srovnává údaje tykající se českých příjmení v Polsku ve 20. století s mapou Čechů bydlících v Polsku, a ty se ve vetší míře shoduji.
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47

Downey, R. G., and G. R. Hird. "Automorphisms of supermaximal subspaces." Journal of Symbolic Logic 50, no. 1 (March 1985): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2273783.

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An infinite-dimensional vector space V∞ over a recursive field F is called fully effective if V∞ is a recursive set identified with ω upon which the operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication are recursive functions, identity is a recursive relation, and V∞ has a dependence algorithm, that is a uniformly effective procedure which when applied to x, a1,…,an, ∈ V∞ determines whether or not x is an element of {a1,…,an}* (the subspace generated by {a1,…,an}). The study of V∞, and of its lattice of r.e. subspaces L(V∞), was introduced in Metakides and Nerode [15]. Since then both V∞ and L(V∞) (and many other effective algebraic systems) have been studied quite intensively. The reader is directed to [5] and [17] for a good bibliography in this area, and to [15] for any unexplained notation and terminology.In [15] Metakides and Nerode observed that a study of L(V∞) may in some ways be modelled upon a study of L(ω), the lattice of r.e. sets. For example, they showed how an e-state construction could be modified to produce an r.e. maximal subspace, where M ∈ L(V∞) is maximal if dim(V∞/M) = ∞ and, for all W ∈ L(V∞), if W ⊃ M then either dim(W/M) < ∞ or dim(V∞/W) < ∞.However, some of the most interesting features of L(V∞) are those which do not have analogues in L(ω). Our concern here, which is probably one of the most striking characteristics of L(V∞), falls into this category. We say M ∈ L(V∞) is supermaximal if dim(V∞/M) = ∞ and for all W ∈ L(V∞), if W ⊃ M then dim(W/M) < ∞ or W = V∞. These subspaces were discovered by Kalantari and Retzlaff [13].
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Saatsakis, G., C. Michail, C. Fountzoula, N. Kalyvas, A. Bakas, K. Ninos, G. Fountos, et al. "Fabrication and Luminescent Properties of Zn–Cu–In–S/ZnS Quantum Dot Films under UV Excitation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 2367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112367.

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Quantum dots (QDs) are quite interesting materials due to their unique chemical and physical properties. ZnCuInS/ZnS QDs can be produced either in hydrophobic or hydrophilic form, are non-toxic, and thus favorable for studies in the area of biology. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a well-known biocompatible resin which is widely used in dentistry, ophthalmology, and orthopedic surgery. Four composite PMMA films of ZnCuInS/ZnS nanocrystals with maximum emission at 530 nm and concentrations of 1.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 10.0 %w/v, were prepared. X-ray irradiation was used to evaluate the volume homogeneity of the final samples, as a measure of QD dispersion. The luminescent efficiency was evaluated, under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The process of UV irradiation involved the experimental measurement of the forward luminescent light, as well as the backward luminescent light, in order to accurately calculate the energy quantum efficiency (EQE) of ZnCuInS/ZnS QDs. Reflected UV radiation was also measured, and results showed that it ranges from 2% to 6% approximately as the QD concentration rises from 1.0 %w/v to 10.0 %w/v. Beyond 6.0 %w/v, the reflected UV radiation remains essentially unchanged. Additionally, the reflected UV radiation remained unaffected as the power of the incident UV increased. Approximately 9% of incident UV radiation passed through the 1.0 %w/v sample, whereas for the samples with higher ZnCuInS/ZnS concentration, 0% UV radiation passed through. The EQE reached a maximum of about 45% with the 10.0 %w/v sample, while it remained practically unaffected relative to the increase of the emitted UV power. The homogeneity measurements revealed that the coefficient of variation (CV) increased with increasing concentration, for the 1.0, 4.0, and 6.0 %w/v samples. The minimum CV was obtained for the sample of 10.0 %w/v due to the incorporation of sonication in the final product, during the fabrication process.
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49

Jakubiak, Łukasz. "Elementy prezydencjalizmu w systemie ustrojowym Francji okresu V Republiki." Politeja 17, no. 1(64) (February 26, 2020): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.17.2020.64.03.

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Elements of Presidentialism in the Constitutional System of France’s Fifth Republic The Fifth French Republic was created as a modified parliamentary system, but due to constitutional changes and tendencies revealed in political practice, the functioning system of government was quite significantly modified. The purpose of this article is to analyze the elements of the presidential system that were introduced in 1958, thus in the original text of the constitution, resulted from its subsequent amendments, or can only be seen in the practice of exercising power in the conditions of the politically homogenous executive branch, i.e. outside of cohabitation periods. The author draws attention to two different ways of defining the term “presidentialism” in the French context (as a formal constitutional structure or as a pro-presidential configuration of the semi-presidentialism of the Fifth Republic), and argues that the regime initiated in 1958 is still based on at least some pillars characterizing the parliamentary model. Hence, its subsequent modifications were only to highlight presidentialism as one of the possible variants of political practice under the Fifth Republic, and not to accept presidentialism as a constitutional system of government.
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Saraswati AR, Mardiah, and Taniwiryono D. "FORMULATION OF READY TO DRINK (RTD) MADE FROM ROSELLE (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA. L) TEA AND STEVIA (STEVIA REBAUDIANA) LEAF SAFE FOR DIABETICS." Indonesian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR) 1, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/ijar.v1i1.29.

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Diabetic is a degenerative disease that has become a public concern. Several studies have shown that roselle tea extracts can reduce blood glucose levels by improving the pancreatic glands, and Stevia rebaudiana leaf has zero calorie with a sweetness coming from diterpene glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside-A) which are safely metabolized in body, so that it can be used as sweetener for diabetics. The purpose of this study was to determine the formula of roselle tea and stevia leaf that is safe for diabetics. Three formulas of ready to drink (RTD) were prepared using 2% (w/v) rosella tea with 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% (w/v) stevia leaf, then the sensory qualities were analyzed including the red color, sweetness, bitterness, off flavor. The selected formula was RTD made from 2% (w/v) roselle tea and 0.3% (w/v) stevia leaf. The RTD had a little bright red color, pretty sweet, no bitter taste, quite off flavor, and total microbes < 2.5 EAPC (compromise with Indonesian Standard Regulation for fruit juice). Carbohydrate content (Anthrone method) of RTD roselle-stevia and roselle-sugar was 0.1507% and 1.3293%. Effect analysis of RTD roselle-stevia and roselle-sugar on blood glucose levels of healthy patients based on ISO 26642:2010 measured every 30 minutes for 90 minutes and using t-test showed that RTD roselle-stevia did not affect (p>0.05) the increase in blood glucose levels, whereas RTD roselle-sugar did (p<0.05). It can be concluded that RTD containing 2% (w/v) roselle tea and 0.3% (w/v) stevia leaf is safe for diabetics.
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