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Yoshimoto, S., E. Okada, H. Umemoto, K. Tamura, Y. Uno, C. Nishida-Umehara, Y. Matsuda, N. Takamatsu, T. Shiba, and M. Ito. "A W-linked DM-domain gene, DM-W, participates in primary ovary development in Xenopus laevis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 7 (February 11, 2008): 2469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712244105.
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Pang, Kai, Quan Rao, Shengqi Qin, Lan Jin, Hongwei Yao, and Zhongtao Zhang. "Prognosis comparison between wait and watch and surgical strategy on rectal cancer patients after treatment with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a meta-analysis." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 12 (January 2019): 175628481989247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756284819892477.
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Background: After achieving a clinical complete response through neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, a nonoperative management approach for rectal cancer patients known as Wait and Watch (W&W) has gained increasing attention. However, the W&W strategy has been related to higher local recurrence and ambiguous long-term survival. This meta-analysis compared key prognosis indicators between W&W and surgical treatment in an effort to clarify some long-standing points of confusion. Methods: Pubmed, Web of Science, EMbase, Cochrane Library were searched for relevant researches comparing W&W with surgery treatment, with a time criteria set from 1 January 2002 to 4 July 2019. Endpoints were 2-year local regrowth/recurrence, 2-year distant metastasis (plus local regrowth/recurrence), 3- and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: In total, nine studies with 801 patients were enrolled, of which 348 were managed by W&W and 453 by surgery. Surgery patients were further divided into a pathological complete response (pCR) group (all included patients achieved pCR) and a surgery group (consisting of both pCR and non-pCR patients without deliberate screening). Compared with the surgery group, W&W patients have higher 3- and 5-year OS, and are not inferior on 2-year local regrowth (LR), 2-year distant metastasis (DM)/DM+LR, and 3- and 5-year DFS. On the other hand, compared with the pCR group, the W&W group is inferior on 2-year LR, 3- and 5-year DFS, and 5-year OS, and not inferior on 2-year DM/DM+LR and 3-year OS. Conclusions: In contrast with patients undergoing surgical treatment, the W&W group has higher 3- and 5-year OS, and is not inferior on other major prognostic indicators, which, however, is based on the fact that the tumor stage in the W&W group is generally earlier. Versus surgically treated patients who acquired pCR, W&W group is inferior on all major prognostic indicators except 2-year DM/DM+LR and 3-year OS. Additionally, by comparison of cCR definitions across different studies, we conclude that implementation of the strictest cCR criteria is critical for W&W patients to acquire maximum prognostic benefit.
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PIIPER, JOHANNES, PETER SCHEID, STEVEN F. PERRY, and GEORGE M. HUGHES. "Effective and Morphometric Oxygen-Diffusing Capacity of the Gills of the Elasmobranch Scyliorhinus Stellaris." Journal of Experimental Biology 123, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.123.1.27.
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Calculations of the effective O2 conductance (diffusing capacity or transfer factor, Dcff) of fish gills, obtained from experimental data on gill O2 exchange, were compared with the predicted CVexchange properties of gill models based on morphometric measurements of the elasmobranch, Scyliorhinus stellaris. Deff was calculated from O2 uptake and POO2 in gill water and blood, using a modified Bohr integration technique. In the morphometric gill model, O2 conductance was considered for both the water-blood tissue barrier (Dm) and the interlamellar water (Dw). Dm was calculated from the total secondary lamellar surface area, the harmonic mean water-blood barrier thickness, and an assumed Krogh 02-diffusionconstant for gill tissue. Dw was estimated from the dimensions of the interlamellar spaces, the mean respiratory water flow velocity, and the diffusion coefficient of O2 in water. The ratio Dm/Dw was 1.84 in quiescently resting, 1.68 in resting alert, and 1.47 in swimming fish, showing that diffusion across interlamellar water was somewhat more important than that across the water-blood barrier in limiting the diffusive O2 transfer between water and blood. The total morphometric diffusing capacity, Dmorph estimated by the combined membrane-and-water diffusing capacity, Dm+w, which is defined as 1/Dm+w= 1/Dm+1/Dw, was similar to Deff, the ratio Dm+w/Deff being 1.64 for quiescently resting, 1.02 for resting alert, and 0.92 for swimming fish. The good agreement between the effective and morphometric D estimates validates the approach, and leaves, at least for the alert and swimming fish, little space for functional inhomogeneities, which are expected to reduce Deff as compared to Dm+w.
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Vrchlabský, Milan, Naděžda Pollaková, and Aleš Hrdlička. "Chromatography of Mo(VI) and W(VI) chelates with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 2 (1990): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19900372.
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Mo(VI) and W(VI) were separated in the form of their anionic chelates with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) by reversed phase ion-pair chromatography. The effect of the organic modifier content and concentration of tetrabutylammonium cations (TBA) in the mobile phase and the effect of concentration of DHN in the injected sample on the separation were studied. The best results were attained by using a mobile phase containing DHN (0.5 mmol dm-3), TBA counter-ions (10 mmol dm-3) and phosphate buffer (50 mmol dm-3) in a medium of 30% (v/v) methanol and 30% (v/v) acetonitrile at pH 7 and by injecting Mo(VI) and W(VI) samples containing DHN in a tenfold excess. On a CGC glass column 150 . 3.3 mm i.d. packed with Separon SGX C18 (5μm), the solutes were separated at resolutions of Rij = 1.0 (DHN-Mo) and 1.6 (Mo-W). The detection limits at 240 nm were 0.5 and 0.2 nmol for Mo(VI) and W(VI), respectively.
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Misljenovic, Nevena, Gordana Koprivica, Lato Pezo, Ljubinko Levic, Biljana Curcic, Vladimir Filipovic, and Milica Nicetin. "Optimization of the osmotic dehydration of carrot cubes in sugar beet molasses." Thermal Science 16, no. 1 (2012): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci110808129m.
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A Response Surface Methodology approach (RSM) was used to determine optimum conditions for the osmotic dehydration of carrot cubes in sugar beet molasses. Treatment times were set to 1, 3 and 5 h, at temperatures of 45, 55 and 65?C and molasses concentrations were 40, 60 and 80% (w/w). The used responses variables were: final dry matter content (DM), water loss (WL), solid gain (Sg), and water activity (aw). A Box and Behnken?s fractional factorial design (2 level-3 parameter) with 15 runs (1 block) was used for design of the experiment. DM, WL, Sg were significantly affected by all process variables (at 90-95% confidence level). The optimum conditions were determined by superimposing the contour plots, with the following response limiting values: DM 50-60%, WL 0.7- 0.8, Sg 0.08-0.09, and aw 0.84-0.86. The optimum conditions generated were: treatment time of 4h, temperature of 60?C, sugar concentration of 66% (w/w).
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Dos Santos Furtado, Michelle Alexandrina, Ayrles Silva Gonçalves Barbosa Mendonça, Ana Beatriz Da Costa Lameira, and Lucio Fernandes Ferreira. "Avaliação do desenvolvimento motor de lactentes dependentes de servidores em instituição de ensino superior no Amazonas." Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18316/sdh.v6i1.4096.
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Introdução: O desenvolvimento motor (DM) é um processo sequencial e contínuo de mudanças no comportamento humano que estão relacionados à idade. O DM do lactente é marcado por importante interação com o meio, sendo vulnerável aos riscos físicos e socioambientais, quando existentes. A Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) é um instrumento de avaliação infantil que tem como objetivo principal analisar o DM de lactentes.Objetivo: Correlacionar o perfil motor de crianças de 0 a 18 meses de idade, dependentes de servidores da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM, com os principais fatores de risco relacionados à atrasos no DM.Método: Estudo observacional transversal, em que lactentes foram avaliados utilizando questionários de variáveis clínicas, socioeconômicas, ambientais e aplicação da AIMS.Resultados: Foi constatado que 80% da amostra apresentou adequado DM, relacionado aos positivos fatores socioeconômicos e ambientais. Apenas dois lactentes apresentaram alterações no desenvolvimento, relacionadas a posição viciosa do W-sitting.Conclusão: Nos dependentes de servidores da UFAM não foi observada a presença de fatores de risco tradicionais associados ao DM. Contudo, a permanência do “W-sitting” apresentou-se como um potencial fator de risco para o atraso no DM, já que crianças apresentando tal padrão demonstraram alteração no DM, mesmo sem outros fatores associados.
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Frasao, Beatriz Da Silva, Marion Pereira da Costa, Bruna Leal Rodrigues, Bruno Reis Costa Lima, and Carlos Adam Conte-Junior. "Natural Antioxidant Activity and Compounds Content from Wastes of Euterpe edulis Berries." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 3 (February 13, 2017): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n3p178.
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The Euterpe edulis (Juçara) is native to Brazil, which berries and wastes present high antioxidant content. Therefore, in this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was investigated for antioxidant compounds extraction from E. edulis waste and maximized antioxidant activities using response surface methodology coupled with a central composite design. Three factors were observed: microwave power (400/500/600 W), exposition time (30/60/90 sec) and ethanol concentration solvent (40/60/80%). The extracts were characterized by determination of total phenolic (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), monomeric anthocyanins (TAC), tannins content (TTC), and in vitro antioxidant assay (AA%). The yield of TPC, TFC, TAC, and TTC varied at 595.43-2171.34 mg GAE.100 g DM-1, 137.36-251.24 mg QE.100 g DM-1, 179.32-354.38 mg C-3-GE.100 g DM-1 and 0.23-1.00 µg TAE.100 g DM-1, respectively. The optimal MAE parameters for TPC was microwave power 668.18 W, exposition time 110.45 s and aqueous ethanol concentration 93.64%, for TFC same parameters observed; though for TAC the different parameters were 532.28 W, and for TTC 9.55 s. However, for antioxidant activity, the parameters were 668.18 W, 110.45 s time and 64.41% of aqueous ethanol solvent. Therefore, this methodology was successfully applied for optimal extraction of total phenolics, flavonoids, monomeric anthocyanins and tannins from juçara waste and obtain optimal antioxidant activity.
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Chrisp, J. S., A. R. Sykes, and N. D. Grace. "Faecal endogenous loss of calcium in young sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 61, no. 1 (January 1989): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890092.
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1. Two groups of eight 6–7-month-old wether lambs were offered either a frozen ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)-white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pasture or a ryegrass-white clover hay, containing 12.1 and 6.4 g calcium/ kg dry matter (DM) respectively. Within groups the amounts offered to individual sheep ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 times the estimated maintenance energy requirements.2. A single intravenous injection of 150 μCi 45Ca as CaCl2. 2H2O, and stable balances were used to determine absorption, faecal endogenous loss and balance of Ca.3. Faecal endogenous loss of Ca increased by 1.2 mg/kg body-weight (W) per d with each g/kg W per d increase in DM intake regardless of the diet. At any DM intake the mean faecal endogenous loss was 5.5 mg/kg W per d higher in the sheep offered the frozen herbage diet when compared with those on the hay diet. At any Ca intake the mean faecal endogenous loss was 6.9 mg/kg W higher in sheep offered the hay diet compared with those on the frozen herbage.4. At feeding levels of about 1.5–2 times the estimated maintenance energy requirement the observed faecal endogenous loss of Ca ranged from 35 to 50 mg/kg W per d, which is two- to threefold greater than the present estimate of the Agricultural Research Council (1980) of 16 mg/kg W per d.5. A simple model to explain the variation in faecal endogenous loss of Ca between the present study with young sheep and that with lactating ewes (Chrisp et al. 1989) also offered herbage diets is developed, which incorporates the concept of a true endogenous loss related to DM intake and a net endogenous loss reflecting the extent of re-absorption of Ca endogenous losses within the gastrointestinal tract.
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Rahman, Mohammad Mijanur, Raja Ili Airina Binti Raja Khalif, Wan Embong Wan Khadijah, and Ramli Bin Abdullah. "Effect of Napier grass ensiled with or without inclusion of soy waste on the performance of growing goats." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 8, no. 1 (July 13, 2021): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v8i1.162.
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Utilization of soy waste as a ruminant feed is low due to storage problems and transportation costs.An experiment was carried out with fifteen goats to assess the feeding value of Napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum) ensiled with or without soy waste. Grass ensiled without soy waste wastermed as NM silage, while grass ensiled 30% soy waste (w/w) was termed as NMS silage. In bothsilages, 1.0% molasses (w/w) were incorporated to enhance the fermentation process. After 2months of ensiling, three diets were formulated and assigned to one of three groups: (i) Napier grassad libitum plus 1% pellet of body weight (BW) on a dry matter (DM) basis (T1), (ii) NM silage adlibitum plus 1% soy waste of BW on a DM basis (T2), and (iii) NMS silage ad libitum (T3). TheNMS silage showed a lower pH (4.04 vs. 4.64) than NM silage. The NMS silage exhibited higherproportions of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) compared to NM silage. Animalsreceived T1 diet showed higher (p<0.05) DM, OM and neutral detergent fibre intake compared tothe animals received T2 and T3 diets. However, animals received T2 diet showed higher CP intakethan the animals received T1 and T3 diets. Similarly, animals received T2 diet showed higher(p<0.05) BW gain (49.4 vs. 16.5 g/d) than the goats fed T3 diet. In conclusion, the T3 diet mayhave limited goat performance, which needs further study to improve the quality of silage.
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Marsetyo, Damry, S. P. Quigley, S. R. McLennan, and D. P. Poppi. "Liveweight gain and feed intake of weaned Bali cattle fed a range of diets in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia." Animal Production Science 52, no. 7 (2012): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11285.
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Three experiments were conducted to determine liveweight (W) gain and feed and water intake of weaned Bali cattle offered a range of feed types. In each experiment, 18 weaned entire male Bali cattle were allocated to three treatment groups in a completely randomised block design, with six replicates (animals) per treatment. The dietary treatments were: Experiment 1, native grass fed ad libitum, native grass supplemented with rice bran at 10 g dry matter (DM)/kg W.day and native grass supplemented with a mixture of rice bran and copra meal in equal proportions fed at 10 g DM/kg W.day; Experiment 2, elephant grass hay fed ad libitum, elephant grass supplemented with gliricidia at 10 g DM/kg W.day, and gliricidia fed ad libitum; and Experiment 3, corn stover fed ad libitum, corn stover supplemented with gliricidia at 10 g DM/kg W.day, and corn stover supplemented with rice bran/copra meal in equal amounts (w/w) at 10 g DM/kg W.day. Each experiment was 10 weeks in duration, consisting of a 2-week preliminary period for adaptation to diets and an 8-week experimental period for the measurement of W change, feed and water intake and digestibility of the diet. Growth rates of 6–12-month-old, entire male Bali cattle fed a range of local diets ranged from 0.10 and 0.40 kg/day. Lowest growth rates occurred when the cattle were given the basal diets of native grass (0.104 kg/day), elephant grass (0.174 kg/day) and corn stover (0.232 kg/day). With the addition of supplements such as rice bran, rice bran/copra meal or gliricidia to these basal diets liveweight gains increased to between 0.225 and 0.402 kg/day. Forage DM intake was reduced with these supplements by on average 22.6% while total DM intake was increased by an average of 10.5%. The growth rate on gliricidia alone was 0.269 kg/day and feed DM intake was 28.0 g/kg W.day. Water intake was not affected by supplement type or intake. In conclusion, inclusion of small quantities of locally available, high quality feed supplements provide small-holder farmers with the potential to increase growth rates of Bali calves from 0.1 to 0.2 kg/day, under prevailing feeding scenarios, to over 0.4 kg/day.
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Xu, Lixin. "Constraints on dark matter annihilation and its equation of state after Planck data." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 37 (December 4, 2014): 1440004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314400045.
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In this paper, the annihilation of dark matter (DM) fdϵ0 with nonzero equation of state (EoS) w dm was studied by using the currently available cosmic observations which include geometric and dynamic measurements. The constrained results show they are anti-correlated and are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively in 1σ regions. With the inclusion of possible annihilation of DM, no significant deviation from ΛCDM model was found in the 1σ region.
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Graf, E. "Band 4, Geschichte der Pharmazie. Von W. Schneider, 302 S., zahlr. Abb., DM 52,- (Vorz. DM 42,-)." Pharmazie in Unserer Zeit 14, no. 5 (1985): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pauz.19850140527.
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Thorpe-Morgan, Charles, Denys Malyshev, Christoph-Alexander Stegen, Andrea Santangelo, and Josef Jochum. "Annihilating dark matter search with 12 yr of Fermi LAT data in nearby galaxy clusters." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 4039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab208.
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ABSTRACT Galaxy clusters are the largest virialized objects in the Universe and, as such, have high dark matter (DM) concentrations. This abundance of dark matter makes them promising targets for indirect DM searches. Here we report the details of a search, utilizing almost 12 yr of Fermi/LAT data, for gamma-ray signatures from the pair annihilation of WIMP dark matter in the GeV energy band. From this, we present the constraints on the annihilation cross-section for the $b\overline{b}$, W+W−, and γγ channels, derived from the non-detection of a characteristic signal from five nearby, high Galactic latitude, galaxy clusters (Centaurus, Coma, Virgo, Perseus, and Fornax). We discuss the potential of a boost to the signal due to the presence of substructures in the DM haloes of selected objects, as well as the impact of uncertainties in DM profiles on the presented results. We assert that the obtained limits are, within a small factor, comparable to the best available limits of those based on Fermi/LAT observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies.
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Michalczyk, Zdzisław, Stanisław Chmiel, Sławomir Głowacki, Joanna Sposób, and Beata Zielińska. "Charakterystyka hydrologiczna zlewni rzeki Ciemięgi." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia 74 (September 10, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/b.2019.74.0.27-43.
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<p>Na podstawie materiałów zbieranych w latach 1956–2017 przez pracowników Zakładu Hydrologii UMCS w pracy przedstawiono warunki tworzenia się zasobów wód podziemnych, spływu powierzchniowego, wydajności źródeł, odpływu i bilansu wodnego w zlewni Ciemięgi położonej w północnej części Wyżyny Lubelskiej. Analizę hydrologiczną oparto na dobowych stanach i przepływach z lat 1981–2017. Zasoby wodne zlewni zmieniały się w cyklu wieloletnim, z wyraźnie zaznaczonym rytmem sezonowym. Średni roczny przepływ wyniósł 0,53 m<sup>3</sup>∙s<sup>-1</sup>, co odpowiada odpływowi jednostkowemu 3,46 dm<sup>3</sup>∙s<sup>-1</sup>∙km<sup>2 </sup>i warstwie odpływu 109 mm. Wysokie zasilanie podziemne, kształtowane przez dopływ wody z kilku źródeł o wydajnościach 10–80 dm<sup>3</sup>∙s<sup>-1</sup>, warunkuje wyrównanie przepływów w dolnym biegu rzeki. Spływ powierzchniowy (mimo znacznych spadków terenu) pojawia się stosunkowo rzadko, najwyższe wartości osiągając w okresie spływu wód roztopowych po zamarzniętym gruncie. Wielkość odpływu ze zlewni Ciemięgi utrzymuje się poniżej średniej dla Wyżyny Lubelskiej i Polski.</p>
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Burjel, María Victoria, Alvaro Simeone, Oscar Bentancur, Natalia Zabalveytia, and Virginia Beretta. "PSIV-3 Effect of winter-feeding system and roughage level in feedlot ration on subsequent spring grazing behavior and dry matter intake of beef growing heifers." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.465.
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Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of winter-feeding system (grazing, GFS vs. feedlot, FFS) and ration roughage level (RL), on subsequent spring grazing behavior and forage dry matter intake (DMI). Thirty-two Hereford female calves (149 ± 13 kg) were assigned to four winter dietary treatments (110 days) in a randomized block design (n = 2/treatment): three feedlot rations differing RL (Setaria italica) (0%, 35% or 70% DM) or oats grazing (5 kg DM/100 kg LW). In spring (84 days) all treatments grazed a mixed grass-legume pastures (4317 ± 1009 kg DM/ha; 6 kg DM/100 kg LW). During weeks 1, 3 and 5 after changing diets, diurnal behavior activity (effective/search grazing, rumination, idling or water intake) was visually recorded and DMI estimated from the in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) and fecal production. Data were analyzed according to a block design with repeated measures, with general model including block, treatment (T), week (W) and T×W effects. Means were compared through orthogonal contrasts (Table 1). Spring DMI varied with T (P = 0.0084) regardless of W effect (P = 0.1619), with higher values for GFS compared to FFS (1.55 vs. 1.16 kg/100 kg LW, P = 0.0034) and for 70RL compared to 35RL (P = 0.0286). DMD did not differ between treatments (P = 0.2488) but was lower on W1 than W5 (55 vs. 64 %, P = 0.0150). T×W was significant (P < 0.0001) for effective grazing, rumination and idling. On W1, heifers from GFS grazed less (0.40 vs. 0.49, P = 0.0268) but tended to ruminate more (0.26 vs. 0.18, P = 0.0591) than FFS. As pasture DMD improved (W5) GFS grazed more (0.64 vs. 0.51, P = 0.0020) but ruminated less (0.14 vs. 0.21, P = 0.0450) than FFS. Transition from FFS to spring grazing might reduce pasture DMI modifying animal ingestive behavior compare to animals from GFS. Impact could be higher when ration RL is below 70%.
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Pawełoszek, Ilona. "Rola kreatywności w analityce biznesowej w kontekście analizy danych marketingowych." Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów, no. 162 (August 7, 2019): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/sip.2018.162.7.
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Wraz ze wzrostem zainteresowania tematyką analityki biznesowej pojawiło się zapotrzebowanie na specjalistów z dziedziny określanej mianem „data science”, czyli nauki poświęconej danym i ich analizie (algorytmom, narzędziom i zastosowaniom). W dobie dynamicznego rozwoju i upowszechnienia technologii informacyjnej jest ona warunkiem koniecznym do funkcjonowania na rynku, o konkurencyjności decyduje natomiast kreatywne wykorzystanie dostępnych danych i technologii. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu wskazanie możliwości i obszarów działań kreatywnych w procesie analizy danych. Działania te mają na celu stworzenie wartości dodanej dla firmy i klienta. Rozważania zaprezentowane zostały na podstawie standardowego modelu procesu analizy danych CRISP-DM a wnioski są poparte obserwacjami i doświadczeniami autora, nabytymi podczas realizacji projektu eksploracji danych marketingowych sieci sklepów sprzedaży detalicznej w Polsce.
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Steen, R. W. J. "A comparison of wheat and barley as supplements to grass silage for finishing beef cattle." Animal Science 56, no. 1 (February 1993): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100006164.
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AbstractTwo randomized-block experiments were carried out to examine the relative value of wheat and barley as supplements to grass silage for finishing beef cattle. In each experiment unwilted, formic acid-treated silage was offered ad libitum and supplemented with 500 g soya-bean meal and 50 g minerals and vitamins to 44 12-month-old bulls for 157 and 172 days in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. Twelve of the animals also received 2·5 kg rolled spring barley (LB), 12 received 4·0 kg barley (HB) and 20 received 3·25 kg rolled wheat (W). For experiments 1 and 2 respectively the barley contained 796 and 787 g dry matter (DM) per kg; 118 and 105 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM; 47 and 57 g crude fibre per kg DM; the wheat contained 845 and 800 g DM per kg; 112 and 116 g CP per kg DM; 23 and 25 g crude fibre per kg DM; and the silages contained 190 and 177 g DM per kg; 153 and 176 g CP per kg DM; 80 and 104 g ammonia-nitrogen per kg total nitrogen. On average over the two experiments, for treatments LB, HB and W respectively, silage DM intakes were 5·4, 4·7 (s.e. 0·14) and 4·9 (s.e. 0·11) kg/day; total DM intakes 7·9, 8·3 (s.e. 0·14) and 8·1 (s.e. 0·11) kg/day; metabolizable energy intakes 91·4, 97·8 and 94·2 MJ/day; live-weight gains 1·04,1·19 (s.e. 0·029) and 1·10 (s.e. 0·023) kg/day and carcass gams 0·65, 0·77 (s.e. 0·017) and 0·70 (s.e. 0·013) kg/day. It is concluded that the feeding value of wheat was proportionately 0·98 of that of barley for finishing beef cattle when given as a supplement to grass silage, and that the type of cereal offered did not affect silage intake or carcass composition.
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TKACZYK, PRZEMYSŁAW, and AGNIESZKA RUTKOWSKA. "Zmiany odczynu i zasobności w składniki pokarmowe gleb uprawnych Lubelszczyzny." Agronomy Science 75, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2020.3.1.
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Wyniki uzyskano na podstawie badań środowiskowych przeprowadzonych w roku 2012 i 2016. Na badanym obszarze wyznaczono 318 punktów pobierania próbek glebowych, z czego 249 wyznaczono na gruntach ornych, 69 na użytkach zielonych (45 na glebach bardzo lekkich, 103 na lekkich, 101 na średnich i 69 na ciężkich). W pobranych próbkach glebowych oznaczono skład granulometryczny metodą laserową, pH w 1 mol KCl dm–3, fosfor i potas przyswajalny metodą Egnera-Riehma (DL), magnez przyswajalny po ekstrakcji z gleby 0,0125 mol CaCl2 dm–3. Uzyskane wyniki badań oceniono na podstawie liczb granicznych obowiązujących w Polsce. Stwierdzono, że w pięciu powiatach (biłgorajski, parczewski, rycki, świdnicki, tomaszowski) nastąpił wzrost udziału procentowego gleb kwaśnych i bardzo kwaśnych w roku 2016 w porównaniu z rokiem 2012. W pozostałych powiatach udział ten zmniejszył się lub pozostał niezmieniony. Pomimo odnotowanej poprawy odczynu gleby pomiędzy rokiem 2012 a 2016 udział gleb wymagających koniecznego lub potrzebnego wapnowania zmniejszył się o ponad 4 p.p., z 36% w roku 2012 do 31,9% w roku 2016. Jednocześnie udział gleb o ograniczonych potrzebach wapnowania lub braku jego konieczności był podobny w obu latach badań (50%). Zasobność gleby w przyswajalne formy badanych makroelementów (P, K, Mg) zmniejszyła się w roku 2016 w porównaniu z rokiem 2012. Wzrost udziału gleb o bardzo niskiej i niskiej zasobności w roku 2016 był różny w zależności od pierwiastka i wynosił: 1 p.p. dla fosforu (wzrost z 27% w roku 2012 do 28% w roku 2016), 4,3 p.p. dla potasu (46,1% – 2012, 50,4% – 2016), 6,4 p.p. dla magnezu (54,9% – 2012, 61,3% – 2016). Wzrost udziału gleb o niskiej i bardzo niskiej zasobności w makroelementy (P, K, Mg) w roku 2016, w porównaniu z rokiem 2012, świadczy o konieczności wprowadzenia zrównoważonego nawożenia tymi składnikami, uwzględniającego zasobność gleby oraz potrzeby pokarmowe uprawianych roślin.
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Pezo, Lato, Biljana Curcic, Vladimir Filipovic, Milica Nicetin, Gordana Koprivica, Nevena Misljenovic, and Ljubinko Levic. "Artificial neural network model of pork meat cubes osmotic dehydratation." Chemical Industry 67, no. 3 (2013): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120529082p.
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Mass transfer of pork meat cubes (M. triceps brachii), shaped as 1x1x1 cm, during osmotic dehydration (OD) and under atmospheric pressure was investigated in this paper. The effects of different parameters, such as concentration of sugar beet molasses (60-80%, w/w), temperature (20-50?C), and immersion time (1-5 h) in terms of water loss (WL), solid gain (SG), final dry matter content (DM), and water activity (aw), were investigated using experimental results. Five artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed for the prediction of WL, SG, DM, and aw in OD of pork meat cubes. These models were able to predict process outputs with coefficient of determination, r2, of 0.990 for SG, 0.985 for WL, 0.986 for aw, and 0.992 for DM compared to experimental measurements. The wide range of processing variables considered for the formulation of these models, and their easy implementation in a spreadsheet calculus make it very useful and practical for process design and control.
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Dobos, RC, WJ Fulkerson, and PJ Michell. "Effects on milk production of feeding wheat supplements to grazing dairy cows in early lactation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 1 (1987): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870041.
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Two herds, each of 19 Friesian cows, were run on separate farmlets in north-western Tasmania. One herd (NW) grazed pasture only, and was estimated to be receiving 75% of potential intake, while the second herd (W) received 3.0 kg coarsely hammermilled wheat per cow, daily for 42 days during early lactation in addition to pasture. Although the feeding of wheat increased total feed intake, there was no significant difference between the groups in either daily milk yield (21.5 v. 21.8 L cow-1), milk fat yield (1.1 v. 1.09 kg cow-1), liveweight change (0.05 v. -0.2 kg cow-l) and herbage intake (12.0 v. 12.0 kg DM cow-1 day-1) of cows or of pre- (1.77 v. 1.8 t DM ha-1) and post- (1.31 v. 1.32 t DM ha-1) grazing mass, on farmlets NW and W respectively. We conclude that the feeding of wheat did not increase milk production or improve liveweight change under the conditions of this experiment.
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Růžek, L., M. Růžková, K. Voříšek, J. Kubát, M. Friedlová, and O. Mikanová. "Chemical and microbiological characterization of Cambisols, Luvisols and Stagnosols." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 6 (July 16, 2009): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/35/2009-pse.
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Cambisols, Luvisols and Stagnosols are main soil taxonomical units covering 78% of the total area of the Czech Republic. In the period 2001–2008 soil samples from 13 arable and 2 grassed localities were collected and tested. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was determined using microwave irradiation method (MW), chloroform fumigation extraction method (FE) and re-hydration technique (RHD). Soil samples were moistened, according to the content of organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>), by deionized water addition (%C<sub>org</sub> × 0.19 ml/g DM – dry mass of soil) immediately before MBC determination. Microwave sterilization (800 J/g DM = 600 W, 2 × 67 s, 100 g DM (10 soil samples) and microwave soil extracts digestion (800 J/ml = 250 W, 77 s, 24 ml) give the lowest values of MBC (204 ± 67 mg/kg DM; 100%) in comparison with FE (236 ± 57 mg/kg DM; 116%) and RHD (478 ± 138 mg/kg DM; 235%), respectively. High significant correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.9713) was found between TC (total carbon; 1.36 ± 0.29%) and TN (total nitrogen; 0.15 ± 0.03%) determined by CNS analyzer. Furthermore, high significant correlations were found between MBC-MW and MBC-RHD (<i>r</i> = 0.8965) as well as MBC-FE and DHA (dehydrogenase activity; <i>r</i> = 0.8094), respectively. DHA in studied soils reached 147 ± 68 mg of triphenylformazan/kg DM/24 h. C<sub>org</sub> formed 96% of TC and total Kjeldahl nitrogen 97% of TN, respectively. According our results MW is fully acceptable for MBC determination.
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Liu, Shou-bao, Qiang Chai, and Gao-bao Huang. "Relationships among soil respiration, soil temperature and dry matter accumulation for wheat-maize intercropping in an arid environment." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 4 (July 2013): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-274.
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Liu, S. B., Chai, Q. and Huang, G. B. 2013. Relationships among soil respiration, soil temperature and dry matter accumulation for wheat-maize intercropping in an arid environment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 715–724. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.) offers an opportunity to boost grain production in short-season areas, but little is known about the sustainability of the intercropping system. This study, conducted at an arid irrigation site in 2009 and 2010, determined water consumption and soil respiration (Rs) characteristics and their relationships to soil temperature (Ts) and above-ground dry matter (DM) accumulation for wheat/maize (W/M) intercropping compared with sole wheat and sole maize. The W/M intercropping had a co-growth period of 70-80 d, allowing the two intercropped species to complete their life cycles. Maximum DM rate for the wheat in the W/M system was significantly greater than that for sole wheat (57 vs. 51 g d−1), which occurred at around 72 to 77 d after sowing (DAS), whereas the maximum DM rate for the maize in the W/M system was between 31.6 and 44.9 g m−2 d−1, or 30 to 43% lower than that of sole maize. The ercroppedhe umulation of a thetime to reach maximum DM was 96 DAS in 2009 and 80 DAS in 2010 for sole maize, and the corresponding time for the intercropped maize was delayed by 6 to 10 d. Soil respiration and DM was a curvilinear relationship; with the increase in DM accumulation, Rs increased, reached a peak at the early flowering stage for wheat and at the silking stage for maize, and then declined. Soil respiration increased linearly with increases in soil temperature during the growth period for both sole and intercropping, suggesting that farming practices aimed at reducing soil temperature will be effective in reducing carbon emissions. Evapotranspiration during the co-growth period averaged 44.1 mm for sole wheat and 48.5 mm for the intercropped wheat and 57.0 mm for sole maize and 48.0 mm for the intercropped maize, but soil water status had little or no effect on Rs. Wheat/maize intercropping had greater grain yield with lower soil respiration over the corresponding sole plantings, and it can serve as a sustainable cropping system for arid irrigation areas.
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Darabighane, Babak, Ilma Tapio, Laura Ventto, Piia Kairenius, Tomasz Stefański, Heidi Leskinen, Kevin Shingfield, Johanna Vilkki, and Ali-Reza Bayat. "Effects of Starch Level and a Mixture of Sunflower and Fish Oils on Nutrient Intake and Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Ruminal Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows." Animals 11, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051310.
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Four multiparous dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to examine how starch level and oil mixture impact dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility, milk yield and composition, rumen fermentation, ruminal methane (CH4) emissions, and microbial diversity. Experimental treatments comprised high (HS) or low (LS) levels of starch containing 0 or 30 g of a mixture of sunflower and fish oils (2:1 w/w) per kg diet DM (LSO and HSO, respectively). Intake of DM did not differ between cows fed LS and HS diets while oil supplementation reduced DM intake. Dietary treatments did not affect milk and energy corrected milk yields. There was a tendency to have a lower milk fat concentration due to HSO compared with other treatments. Both high starch level and oil supplementation increased digestibility of gross energy. Cows receiving HS diets had higher levels of total rumen VFA while acetate was lower than LS without any differences in rumen pH, or ruminal CH4 emissions. Although dietary oil supplementation had no impact on rumen fermentation, decreased CH4 emissions (g/day and g/kg milk) were observed with a concomitant increase in Anoplodinium-Diplodinium sp. and Epidinium sp. but a decrease in Christensenellaceae, Ruminococcus sp., Methanobrevibacter ruminantium and Mbb. gottschalkii clades.
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Rocchetti, Gabriele, Corrado Rizzi, Mariasole Cervini, Giada Rainero, Federico Bianchi, Gianluca Giuberti, Luigi Lucini, and Barbara Simonato. "Impact of Grape Pomace Powder on the Phenolic Bioaccessibility and on In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Wheat Based Bread." Foods 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030507.
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Breads were prepared by substituting common wheat flour with 0 (GP0), 5 (GP5) and 10 (GP10) g/100 g (w/w) of grape pomace powder (GPP) and were analyzed for the phenolic profile bioaccessibility as well as the in vitro starch digestion during simulated digestion. The free and bound phenolic composition of native GPP and resulting breads were profiled using ultra-high-performance chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight (UHPLC-QTOF). The raw GPP was characterized by 190 polyphenols with the anthocyanins representing the most abundant class, accounting for 11.60 mg/g of cyanidin equivalents. Regarding the fortified bread, the greatest (p < 0.05) content in phenolic compounds was recorded for the GP10 sample (considering both bound and free fractions) being 127.76 mg/100 g dry matter (DM), followed by the GP5 (106.96 mg/100 g DM), and GP0 (63.76 mg/100 g DM). The use of GPP determined an increase of anthocyanins (considered the markers of the GPP inclusion), recording 20.98 mg/100 g DM in GP5 and 35.82 mg/100 g DM in GP10. The bioaccessibility of anthocyanins increased in both GP5 and GP10 breads when moving from the gastric to the small intestine in vitro digestion phase with an average value of 24%. Both the starch hydrolysis and the predicted glycemic index decreased with the progressive inclusion of GPP in bread. Present findings showed that GPP in bread could promote an antioxidant environment in the digestive tract and influence the in vitro starch digestion.
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Haase, N. U. "Desktop Molecular Modeller Version 2.0 (DTMM 2.0) VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. W-6940 Weinheim. Einzelplatzversion DM 925.–; Mehrplatzversion Industrie DM 4500,—." Starch - Stärke 45, no. 5 (1993): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.19930450519.
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Chen, Nai-Dong, Nai-Fu Chen, Jun Li, Cai-Yun Cao, Jin-Mei Wang, and He-Ping Huang. "Similarity Evaluation of Different Origins and Species of Dendrobiums by GC-MS and FTIR Analysis of Polysaccharides." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/713410.
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GC-MS method combined with FTIR techniques by the analysis of polysaccharide was applied to evaluate the similarity between wild (W) and tissue-cultured (TC)Dendrobium huoshanense(DHS),Dendrobium officinale(DO), andDendrobium moniliforme(DM) as well as 3 wildDendrobiumspp.:Dendrobium henanense(DHN),Dendrobium loddigesii(DL), andDendrobium crepidatum(DC). Eight monosaccharides involving xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, and galacturonic acid were identified in the polysaccharide from eachDendrobiumsample while the contents of the monosugars varied remarkably across origins and species. Further similarity evaluation based on GC-MS data showed that thercorvalues of different origins of DHS, DO, and DM were 0.831, 0.865, and 0.884, respectively, while thercorvalues ranged from 0.475 to 0.837 across species. FTIR files of the polysaccharides revealed that the similarity coefficients between W and TC-DHS, DO, and DM were 88.7%, 86.8%, and 88.5%, respectively, in contrast to the similarity coefficients varying from 57.4% to 82.6% across species. These results suggested that the structures of polysaccharides between different origins of the investigatedDendrobiumsmight be higher than what we had supposed.
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Vucina, Jurij, Dagoljub Lukic, and Milovan Stoiljkovic. "Separation of tungsten and rhenium on alumina." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 69, no. 8-9 (2004): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0409683v.
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The conditions for the efficient separation of tungsten(VI) and rhenium (VII) on alumina were established. The distribution coefficients K d for tungstate and perrhenate anions, as well as the separation factors ?(? = KdWO42-/Kd ReO4-) were determined using hydrochloric or nitric acid as the aqueous media. Asolution of sodium chloride in the pH range 2?6 was also examined. Under all the tested experimental conditions, alumina is a much better adsorbent for tungsten than for rhenium. The obtained results indicated that the best separation of these two elements is achieved when 0.01? 0.1 mol dm-3HCl or 1.0mol dm-3 HNO3 are used as the aqueous media. If NaCl is used as the aqueous phase, the best separation is achieved with 0.20 mol dm-3 NaCl pH 4?6. Under these experimental conditions, the breakthrough and saturation capacities of alumina for tungsten at pH4 are 17 and 26 mg W/g Al2O3 respectively. With increasing pH, these values decrease. Thus, at pH 6 they are only 4 and 13 mg W/g Al2O3, respectively.
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Berenji, S., D. J. Moot, J. L. Moir, and H. J. Ridgway. "Lucerne dry matter and N-fixation, when sown with or without lime and inoculant." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.497.
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This paper quantifies the effect of inoculation and lime on lucerne growth and nitrogen fixation over the establishment and following season. The field experiment at Ashley Dene, in Canterbury, had an initial soil pH of 5.2 and moderate exchangeable aluminium content (4.2 mg/kg). The 15N natural abundance (δ15N) method was used to quantify nitrogen fixation. The pH of the top-soil was increased to ca. 5.5 and the Al content was decreased to 2.0 and 1.3 mg/kg soil by the application of 1 and 2 t lime/ha, respectively. In Year 0 the dry matter yield increased from 3 to 4 t DM/ha with the addition of 2 t lime/ha. The nitrogen content of lucerne plants was 2.2% (w/w), and was unaffected by inoculant or lime in Year 0. Similarly, the δ15N was 0.81‰ and unaffected by inoculant or lime. In Year 1, the N percentage of inoculated lucerne plants was 4.2% (w/w) compared with 3.6% in uninoculated plants. The δ15N value was 0.81‰ in uninoculated plants compared with -0.23‰ in inoculated lucerne plants. The inoculated lucerne yielded 7.8 t DM/ha compared with 2.4 t DM/ha when uninoculated. The calculated proportion of legume N derived from atmospheric N2 (%Ndfa) estimated that 70% of the nitrogen content in the inoculated lucerne shoots was derived from nitrogen-fixation in Year 1. There was no effect of lime on lucerne DM, or δ15N values in Year 1. This suggests lucerne rhizobia tolerated moderate levels of Al in acidic soils. The application of lime and inoculant are therefore recommended for lucerne, particularly in areas where there is no history of lucerne. The available soil N was sufficient to meet crop demand in the establishing year. Lucerne was then reliant on biological nitrogen fixation for yield in Year 1 which suggests lucerne preferentially used soil available N in Year 0, before commencing N fixation. Keywords: Aluminium, lucerne, lime, Medicago sativa L., nitrogen fixation.
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RODE, L. M., K. J. CHENG, and J. W. COSTERTON. "DIGESTION BY CATTLE OF UREA-TREATED, AMMONIA-TREATED, OR ROLLED HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-078.
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A study was conducted to compare the feeding value of processed high-moisture barley (HMB) treated by rolling (R-HMB), adding 6% urea (U-HMB), adding 3% anhydrous amonia (A-HMB), or left untreated (W-HMB). After ensiling for at least 42 d, the four treated HMB were fed with timothy hay (1:1 on a dry matter basis) to four ruminally fistulated steers during four time periods in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. During each period, treated HMB was incubated in saccus in the rumen of steers fed the same HMB. Chromium sesquioxide was mixed with the HMB and served as an indigestible fecal marker. HMB dry matter (DM) remaining in bags after incubation was 96.9, 69.3, 91.6 and 95.0% after 12 h and 85.6, 46.9, 67.0 and 50.0% after 36 h incubation for W-HMB, R-HMB, U-HMB and A-HMB, respectively. Disappearance of DM in R-HMB was greater (P < 0.01) than in chemically treated HMB at all time intervals tested. Disappearance of DM in W-HMB was less (P < 0.01) than in chemically treated HMB at incubation times of 8–36 h but was similar at 1 and 4 h incubation. Examination of the barley hulls by scanning electron microscopy indicated that chemical treatment of HMB resulted in greater digestion of the hull, greater growth of bacterial cells, and less production of extracellular polysaccharides than physical treatment (rolling) of HMB. Starch digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) for steers fed R-HMB (86.8%) than for steers fed A-HMB (76.9%) or U-HMB (69.1%). No differences between treatments were observed in DM digestibility. Key words: Cattle, nylon bags, high-moisture barley, electron microscopy, ammonia, processing
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LIPIŃSKI, WOJCIECH, HALINA LIPIŃSKA, RAFAŁ KORNAS, and ANNA WATROS. "Wybrane parametry agrochemiczne gleb użytków zielonych w Polsce." Agronomy Science 75, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2020.2.1.
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W 1026 obiektach położonych na glebach organicznych (187) i mineralnych (839) dokonano oceny niektórych parametrów agrochemicznych gleby, w tym pH, zawartości przyswajalnych form P, K i Mg oraz Nmin (N-NH4 i N-NO3). W wodach pobranych na głębokości 90 cm pod powierzchnią gruntu określono ilość fosforu oraz azotu azotanowego. Uzyskane wyniki badań pozwoliły na stwierdzenie, że sposób użytkowania miał związek z wybranymi właściwościami fizykochemicznymi i chemicznymi gleby oraz ze składem chemicznym wód pobranych z głębokości 90 cm pod powierzchnią gruntu. Zaobserwowano również pewne prawidłowości w kształtowaniu parametrów fizykochemicznych i chemicznych gleby przez zwierzęta gospodarskie, wyrażone wskaźnikiem obsady w DJP ∙ ha–1, w tym wpływu na pH oraz zawartość fosforu przyswajalnego. Stwierdzane ilości składników biogennych w wodach nie przekraczały 1,6 mg P ∙ dm–3 w obiektach z glebami organicznymi użytkowanymi pastwiskowo i 8,7 mg N-NO3 w glebach mineralnych o użytkowaniu kośno-pastwiskowym.
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Alkhalifah, Khaled, Akram Asbeutah, and Ajit Brindhaban. "Image Quality and Radiation Dose for Fibrofatty Breast using Target/filter Combinations in Two Digital Mammography Systems." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 10 (September 7, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_30_2020.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the optimum combinations of target and filter materials for various X-ray tube voltage settings, as well as their effects on image quality and radiation dose. This was done using different digital mammography (DM) imaging systems with a breast equivalent phantom. Material and Methods: Two DM units with a tungsten (W) target, silver (Ag), and rhodium (Rh) filters and dual molybdenum (Mo) and Rh targets/filters were used. A tissue-equivalent mammography phantom of 6 cm thickness equivalent to a fibrofatty breast was exposed 20 times to different target/filter material combinations (W/Rh, W/Ag, Rh/Rh, Mo/Rh, and Mo/Mo) and various kV settings (28–34 kV). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated for each exposure. Results: The W/Ag combination resulted in the lowest entrance skin dose and mean glandular dose (MGD). The MGD for the W/Rh combination was 60% less than that of the W/Ag combination at 34 kV (P < 0.05). There was a direct relationship in the SNR with the Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh, and Rh/Rh combinations and an inverse relationship with the CNR in the 34 kV range. There were statistically significant differences between all five target/filter combinations, and the best SNR and CNR were observed for the W/Rh combination with a reduced radiation dose in the range of 28–30 kV (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For a breast thicknesses of 6 cm with a fibrofatty nature, the W/Rh combination delivers high performance in terms of image quality at a lower dose.
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Schönwald, Matthias. "New Friends – Difficult Friendships: Germany and its Western Neighbours in the Postwar Era." Contemporary European History 11, no. 2 (May 2002): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777302002096.
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Daniel Gossel, Briten, Deutsche und Europa. Die Deutsche Frage in der britischen Außenpolitik 1945–1962 (Stuttgart: Steiner, 1999), 259pp., DM 88.00, ISBN 3-515-07159-8. Klaus Larres, ed., Uneasy Allies: British-German Relations and European Integration Since 1945 (Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2000) 344pp., $85.00, ISBN 0-19-829383-6. Werner Rouget, Schwierige Nachbarschaft am Rhein: Frankreich–Deutschland, ed. Ernst Weisenfeld and Joachim Bitterlich (Bonn: Bouvier, 1998), 160pp., DM 29.80 ISBN 3-416-02762-0. Friso Wielenga, Vom Feind zum Partner. Die Niederlande und Deutschland seit 1945. (Münster: Agenda Verlag, 2000), 522pp., DM 59.80, ISBN 3-896880721. Robert Bohn, Jürgen Elvert and Karl Christian Lammers, eds., Deutsch-skandinavische Beziehungen nach 1945 (Stuttgart: Steiner, 1998), 280pp., DM 96.00, ISBN 3-515-07320-5. Birgit Aschmann, ‘Treue Freunde. . .’? Westdeutschland und Spanien 1945–1963 (Stuttgart: Steiner, 1999), 502pp., DM 188.00, ISBN 3-515-07579-8. Guido Müller, ed., Deutschland und der Westen: Internationale Beziehungen im 20. Jahrhundert, Festschrift für Klaus Schwabe. (Stuttgart: Steiner, 1998), 381pp., DM 138.00, ISBN 3-515-07251-9. Gottfried Niedhart, Detlef Junker and Michael W. Richter, eds., Deutschland in Europa. Nationale Interessen und internationale Ordnung im 20.Jahrhundert. (Mannheim: Palatium, 1997), 397pp., DM 98.00, ISBN 3-920671-29-5.
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Martello, Hariany Ferreira, Nelcino Francisco de Paula, Bruna Gomes Macedo, Joanis Tilemahos Zervoudakis, Danielle Dias Brutti, Perivaldo Carvalho, Ronyatta Weich Teobaldo, Luciano da Silva Cabral, and Mozart Alves Fonseca. "Effects of tannins and Monensin in a feedlot diet on in vitro ruminal fermentation." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 6Supl2 (September 30, 2019): 3223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl2p3223.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tannins versus Monensin on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a feedlot diet. The treatments were: control (no additives); low tannin (2 mg g DM-1); medium tannin (4 mg g DM-1), high tannin (6 mg g DM-1), and Monensin (0.02 mg g DM-1). The substrate was a feedlot diet composed by hay and concentrate (15:85 w/w; DM basis). Ruminal fluid was obtained from three rumen-cannulated male Santa Inês sheep. In vitro incubations were carried out during four consecutive weeks (run). Gas production (GP) was recorded at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 h of incubation. At 48 and 96 h, two bottles per treatment were withdrawn to measure pH, ammonia concentration (NH3), volatile fatty acid (VFA), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD). Addition of tannin or Monensin did not affect (P > 0.05) the kinetics parameters. Tannin supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the GP at 24 h compared to Monensin. Addition of Monensin decreased (P < 0.05) IVDMD at 96 h and IVNDFD at 48 and 96 h compared to the control. The IVNDFD was lower (P < 0.05) with Monensin than with tannin at 48 and 96 h. The NH3 was lower (P < 0.05) with tannin compared with Monensin. By increasing tannin dosage, NH3 levels changed quadratically (P < 0.05). The inclusion of tannin in vitro reduced the NH3 concentration considerably when used in low dose.
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Liao, Liang, Robert Meneghini, Toshio Iguchi, and Ali Tokay. "Characteristics of DSD Bulk Parameters: Implication for Radar Rain Retrieval." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060670.
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With the use of 213,456 one-minute measured data of droplet-size distribution (DSD) of rain collected during several National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-sponsored field campaigns, the relationships between rainfall rate R, mass-weighted diameter Dm and normalized intercept parameter Nw of the gamma DSD are studied. It is found, based on the simulations of the gamma DSD model, that R, Dm and Nw are closely interrelated, and that the ratio of R to Nw is solely a function of Dm, independent of the shape factor μ of the gamma distribution. Furthermore, the model-produced ratio agrees well with those from the DSD data. When a power-law equation is applied to fit the model data, we have: R = aN w D m b , where a = 1.588 × 10 − 4 , b = 4.706 . Analysis of two-parameter relationships such as R–Dm, Nw–R and Nw–Dm reveals that R and Dm are moderately correlated while Nw and Dm are negatively correlated. Nw and R, however, are uncorrelated. The gamma DSD model also reveals that variation of R–Dm relation is caused primarily by Nw. For the application of the Ku- and Ka-band dual-frequency radar for the retrieval of the DSD bulk parameters as well as the specific radar attenuations, the study is carried out to relate the dual-frequency radar reflectivity factors to the DSD and attenuation parameters.
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You, Wenying, Jong Chan Ahn, Vinothini Boopathi, Lakshminarayanan Arunkumar, Esrat Jahan Rupa, Reshmi Akter, Byoung Man Kong, et al. "Enhanced Antiobesity Efficacy of Tryptophan Using the Nanoformulation of Dendropanax morbifera Extract Mediated with ZnO Nanoparticle." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040824.
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Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles from medicinal plants has provided a broad scope in biomedical research and functional food formulations due to low toxicity. Dendropanax morbifera (DM) is a versatile traditional medicine used for various inflammatory diseases due to its extensive antioxidant activity. We investigated DM as a natural capping agent for Zn2+ ions and coloaded it with tryptophan for its penetration and antiobesity behavior. DM zinc oxide nanoparticles (DM-ZnO NPs) were prepared and then entrapped with tryptophan (DM-ZnO-Try nanoemulsion (NE)) for stable formulation using the O/W nanoemulsion method. The hydrodynamic sizes measured by dynamic light scattering for DM-ZnO NPs and DM-ZnO-Try NE are about 146.26 ± 3.31 and 151.16 ± 3.59 nm, respectively. TEM and SEM reveal its morphology. In vitro analysis on both NPs and NE was non-toxic to RAW 264.7 and 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line. It significantly reduced the accumulated lipids through lipolysis performed at 10 ug/mL in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. NE suppresses the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and lowers triglycerides. Further, the substantial reduction of lipid content is evident with Oil Red O staining and OD measurement. In this present study, the synergetic effect of DM-ZnO NPs and tryptophan is reported, which provides a way for more detailed research on its efficacy for obesity and obesity-associated disorders.
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Matrosov, Sergey Y. "Characteristic Raindrop Size Retrievals from Measurements of Differences in Vertical Doppler Velocities at Ka- and W-Band Radar Frequencies." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 34, no. 1 (January 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-16-0181.1.
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AbstractA Ka-band (~35 GHz) and W-band (~94 GHz) radar approach to retrieve profiles of characteristic raindrop sizes, such as mean mass-weighted drop diameters Dm, from measurements of the difference in the mean vertical Doppler velocities (DDV) is analyzed. This retrieval approach is insensitive to radar calibration errors, vertical air motions, and attenuation effects. The Dm–DDV relations are derived using long-term measurements of drop size distributions (DSDs) from different observational sites and do not assume a functional DSD shape. Unambiguous retrievals using this approach are shown to be available in the Dm range of approximately 0.5–2 mm, with average uncertainties of around 21%. Potential retrieval ambiguities occurring when larger drop populations exist can be avoided by using a Ka-band vertical Doppler velocity threshold. The performance of the retrievals is illustrated using a long predominantly stratiform rain event observed at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site. An intercomparison of DDV-based estimates of characteristic raindrop sizes with independent estimates available from ground-based disdrometer measurements reveal good agreement, with a correlation coefficient of 0.88, and mean differences between radar and disdrometer-based Dm of approximately 14% for the entire range of unambiguous retrievals. The Ka–W-band DDV method to retrieve mean mass-weighted drop sizes is applicable to measurements from new dual-wavelength ARM cloud radars that are being deployed at a variety of observational facilities. An illustration for the retrievals at the Oliktok Point ARM facility is also given.
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Abdelrahim, Gamal M., R. C. Richardson, and A. Gueye. "Impact of Ergot Infested Sorghum on the Reproductive Performance of Sows." Journal of Animal Research and Technology 1, no. 1 (June 11, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5147/jart.v1i1.102.
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The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three levels of ergot infested sorghum (EIS ; 0 ,5 and 10% of diet DM) in the diets offered for sows during two reproductive cycles on total live born pigs and weight (LBP; WLBP), survival at 28 days, weight gain at day 28 and 56 (S- 28 d;W-28; W- 56), sows feed intake and weight change during lactation (LFI; LWC), and finally weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI). The EIS contained 235 mg/kg total alkaloids (77% as dihydroergosine “DHES”). During an initial test parity period (1st period) and subsequent test parity period (2nd period) eighteen later-parity sows were fed 3 treatments consisting of a sorghum-based control diets mixed with 1) 0%; 2) 5% or 3) 10% EIS (diet DM basis). An increase in WLBP was observed when 5 and 10% EIS was included in the 2nd period’s diets, although LFI was reduced when EIS was included in that period’s diets. Although W-28 d was not affected when 10% EIS was included in the 1st and 2nd periods’ diets and when W-28 d data of the two periods were combined, piglets W-28 was reduced when 5% EIS was included in the 1st period’s diets and when W-28 d data of the two periods were combined. Although treatment diets did not impact WEI of pigs in the 2nd period, and no response was recorded when 5% EIS was included in sows’ diets during the 1st period, the inclusion of 10% EIS had decreased the WEI during the 1st period.
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Hanuš, Oto, Václava Genčurová, Josef Kučera, Marcela Vyletělová, and Jiří Třináctý. "Analyse of relationships between freezing point and selected indicators of udder health state among cow, goat and sheep milk." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 5 (2009): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957050103.
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Milk freezing point (MFP) is important quality indicator. Aim was to analyse the relationships of MFP to selected udder health milk indicators (MIs) by comparison between cows (reference), goats and sheep. Bulk milk samples came from 3 herds of Czech Fleckvieh (B, n 93) and 1 goat herd and sheep flock (White short-haired, W, n 60; Tsigai, C, n 60). Animal nutrition was performed under the typical country conditions. MIs which were investigated: DM, dry matter; SNF, solid non fat; L, lactose (all in %); SCC, somatic cell count (103 ml−1); EC, electrical conductivity (mS cm−1); MFP (°C); Na and K (in mg kg−1). W MFP was −0.5544 ± 0.0293, B −0.5221 ± 0.0043 and C −0.6048 ± 0.0691 °C. The B MFP was related to L (−0.36; P < 0.01), W was not related to L (−0.07; P > 0.05) and C was related to L (0.40; P < 0.01). These facts could be explainable by worse SCC geometric averages for used W (3,646 103 ml−1) and C (560 103 ml−1) milk as compared to B (159 103 ml−1). Only 0.5 and 10.5% of variations in MFP were explainable by variations in DM and SNF in B, 32.7 and 12.8% in W but already 49.4 and 45.0% in C. Higher C values were caused by high MFP variability, 11.8% (C) versus 0.8% (B). There is possible to derive the more reliable MFP qualitative limits for more efficient monitoring rules of milk quality problems in B, W and C.
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Kuroiwa, Takashi, Miki Ito, Yaeko Okuyama, Kanna Yamashita, and Akihiko Kanazawa. "Protein-Stabilized Palm-Oil-in-Water Emulsification Using Microchannel Array Devices under Controlled Temperature." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 4805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204805.
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Microchannel (MC) emulsification for the preparation of monodisperse oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions containing palm oil as the oil phase was investigated for application as basic material solid/semi-solid lipid microspheres for delivery carriers of nutrients and drugs. Emulsification was characterized by direct observation of droplet generation under various operation conditions, as such, the effects of type and concentration of emulsifiers, emulsification temperature, MC structure, and flow rate of to-be-dispersed phase on droplet generation via MC were investigated. Sodium caseinate (SC) was confirmed as the most suitable emulsifier among the examined emulsifiers, and monodisperse O/W and W/O/W emulsions stabilized by it were successfully obtained with 20 to 40 µm mean diameter (dm) using different types of MCs.
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Okada, E., S. Yoshimoto, N. Ikeda, H. Kanda, K. Tamura, T. Shiba, N. Takamatsu, and M. Ito. "Xenopus W-Linked DM-W Induces Foxl2 and Cyp19 Expression during Ovary Formation." Sexual Development 3, no. 1 (2009): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000200080.
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Pihlanto, Anne, Markus Nurmi, Nora Pap, Jarkko Mäkinen, and Sari Mäkinen. "The Effect of Processing of Hempseed on Protein Recovery and Emulsification Properties." International Journal of Food Science 2021 (April 13, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8814724.
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The effect of carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzyme blend with or without supercritical CO2 (SFE) defatting on pretreat hempseed meal, hempseeds, peeled hempseeds, hempseed protein powder, and germinated hempseeds was determined. The raw materials and recovered fractions from the treatments were subjected to gel electrophoresis, and their emulsion capacity, activity, and stability as well as colour (CIE L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ values) were determined. The highest protein contents, 65% ( w / w dm), were detected in soluble fractions prepared from germinated, defatted hempseeds followed by soluble fractions of peeled, defatted hempseed, 55% ( w / w dm). The gel electrophoresis showed quite similar protein profiles for all samples; however, the edestin content was lower in the germinated samples than in the others. Enzyme treatment and SFE did not have a significant effect on the emulsion properties. Germinated samples demonstrated a higher ability to stabilise emulsions (15-20%) than other pretreated samples. On the other hand, hempseed meal samples had lower emulsification activity and stability values compared to the other samples. The colour of the sample solutions varied from light to dark with a brown to yellowish colour, and PHS samples showed overall higher L ∗ values. In conclusion, germination and peeling in combination with defatting are promising methods to produce functional protein concentrates with efficient emulsion stability and activity as well as a mild colour for food applications.
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Scales, L. "Die Kapetinger, by Joachim Ehlers (Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 2000; pp. 310. DM 32.95)." English Historical Review 116, no. 469 (November 1, 2001): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/116.469.1244.
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Flórez, Sandra Liliana, Diego Miranda Lasprilla, Bernardo Chaves, Gerhard Fischer, and Stsnislav Magnitskiy. "Growth of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) plants affected by salinity and substrate." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 30, no. 2 (June 2008): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452008000200023.
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The effects of 0, 30 and 60 mM NaCl and substrates (red peat, sand or 3:1:1 [w/w] mixture of peat, sand, or soil) on vegetative growth of lulo, an Andean fruit species, during 12 weeks were studied. The experiment was carried out by using 2000 cm³ of polypropylene plastic pots under greenhouse conditions. Plant height, number of leaves and nodes, leaf area, total plant dry matter (DM), and shoot/root ratio were evaluated. With the increase of salt concentration, the plant height, the number of leaves and nodes, the leaf areas and plant dry mass DM decreased, whereas shoot/root ratio increased. Sand grown lulo plants were most affected by salinity and presented total mortality at 60 mM NaCl. On the other hand, plants held either in peat or in substrate mixture developed larger height, greater leaf and node numbers, higher leaf area and dry matter content. Shoot/root ratio in control (soil) and sand-grown plants (30 mM NaCl) was lower.
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IHUŢ, Andrada, Camelia RĂDUCU, Daniel COCAN, Călin LAȚIU, Paul UIUIU, and Vioara MIREŞAN. "Meat Quality of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) from the Bistrișorii Valley Trout Farm, Alba County." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 75, no. 1 (May 19, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:003617.
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Fish meat represents a great energy source in human nutrition, due to its content in high biological value protein, lipids which contain omega acids and minerals. The chemical composition of fish meat can be influenced by several factors such as: species, administered feed, environment, age and spawning period. The aim of this research was to analyse the chemical composition of the rainbow trout meat reared in the fishery Valea Bistrişorii, in a classical system. The determination of water (W %), minerals (M %) and dry matter (DM %) content was performed by calcination. The crude fat (CF %) was determined by Soxhlet method and crude protein (CP %) by the Kjeldahl method. Analysing the chemical composition of the rainbow trout meat, the following values were obtained: W = 73.60 ± 0.23%; DM = 26.40 ± 0.14%; CP = 18.21 ± 0.14%; CF = 6.87%; M = 1.32%.The obtained data offers useful information of meat chemical composition for selection of future breeders and improving the rainbow troutraised in the Bistrişorii Valley.
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Cromer, RN, PE Kriedemann, PJ Sands, and LG Stewart. "Leaf Growth and Photosynthetic Response to Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Seedling Trees of Gmelina arborea." Functional Plant Biology 20, no. 1 (1993): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9930083.
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Plants were grown in sand cultures under controlled conditions using nutrient solutions which were adjusted with respect to either nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) concentrations (two separate experiments) with other elements non-limiting. Leaf expansion at successive nodes was measured non-destructively and analysed according to the Richard's function, revised to provide geometrically meaningful parameters that could be linked with the dynamics of leaf growth. The reparameterised form describes sigmoidal increase in area (W) over time (t) as follows: W(t)= Wx(1+der(1+d)(to-t))-(1/d) where W, (cm2) is the asymptotic value of W for large t, to (days) is the time at which W(t) undergoes its point of inflexion, r (days-1) is the relative rate of lamina expansion of W(t) at to, and d determines the shape of the curve W versus t, so that the inflexion point occurs further up the curve with larger d. A comparison between N and P effects on leaf expansion parameters in plants showing similar net reduction in leaf mass and stem volume showed that Wx was more influenced by low N, whereas r was more sensitive to low P. A given reduction in canopy area due to nutrient deficiency was thus mainly attributable to smaller leaves on low N, but to fewer leaves on low P. Leaf photosynthesis (light-saturated in air) showed a curvilinear increase with tissue N and P, saturating above c. 2.5 mmol N (g dm)-1 and 100 μmol P (g dm)-1 in N and P experiments respectively. Leaf growth parameters Wx and r showed a similar dose response and highlight a potential use of those indices for analysis of growth response to N and P nutrition.
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Roco, Álvaro S., Adrián Ruiz-García, and Mónica Bullejos. "Interaction between sex-determining genes from two species: clues from Xenopus hybrids." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1833 (July 26, 2021): 20200104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0104.
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Hybrids provide an interesting model to study the evolution of sex-determining genes and sex chromosome systems as they offer the opportunity to see how independently evolving sex-determining pathways interact in vivo . In this context, the genus Xenopus represents a stimulating model, since species with non-homologous sex chromosomes and different sex-determining genes have been identified. In addition, the possibility of interspecies breeding is favoured in this group, which arose by alloploidization events, with species ploidy ranging from 2 n = 2 x = 20 in X. tropicalis (the only diploid representative of the genus) to 2 n = 12 x = 108 in X. ruwenzoriensis . To study how two sex-determining genes interact in vivo , X. laevis × X. tropicali s hybrids were produced. Gonadal differentiation in these hybrids revealed that the dm-w gene is dominant over X. tropicalis male-determining sex chromosomes (Y or Z), even though the Y chromosome is dominant in X. tropicalis (Y > W>Z). In the absence of the dm-w gene (the Z chromosome from X. laevis is present), the W chromosome from X. tropicalis is able to trigger ovarian development. Testicular differentiation will take place in the absence of W chromosomes from any of the parental species. The dominance/recessivity relationships between these sex-determining loci in the context of either parental genome remains unknown. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part II)’.
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Ramos, Aline Fernanda Oliveira, Bianca Damasceno Pinho, José De Brito Lourenço Júnior, André Guimarães Maciel e. Silva, Cristian Faturi, Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano, Maria Cristina Manno, Kedson Raul De Souza Lima, and Luciano Fernandes Sousa. "Ingestive behavior of sheep fed Brazil nut cake in the diet." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 4 (August 30, 2016): 2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4p2259.
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This study evaluated the ingestive behavior of sheep when fed a corn-silage-based diet with varying levels (0%, 15%, 30%, and 60%) of Brazil nut cake (NC) (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.). Sixteen mongrel sheep with an average weight of 33 ± 6.04 kg were randomly distributed between four treatments. Data were tested for assumptions of normality, subjected to an analysis of variance, and adjusted in regression equations and by Williams’ test, to estimate the W point. The voluntary intake of dry matter (DM) and insoluble neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased linearly (P = 0.013 and P = 0.002) by 5.0 g and 2.41 g d-1, respectively, for every 1% of NC added to the diet. The time the animals spent feeding (288.75 min d-1) was not significantly affected; time spent idle increased linearly (P= 0.0002) by 3.10 min, and time spent during rumination decreased linearly by 2.62 min (P = 0.001) for each 1% addition of the co-product. The number of ruminated boluses (NRB) displayed a decreasing effect (P = 0.004) of 4.61 d-1 for each 1% of NC. For ruminating chews, the time spent per bolus (37.5 sec) and the number per bolus (56.14) did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. However, the total chewing time (TCT) decreased linearly (P = 0.002) by 0.05 h d-1 and the number of chews per day displayed a quadratic effect (P = 0.008), with a maximum value estimated at 17.5% of NC in the diet. Rumination efficiency did not differ between the treatments (101.95 g DM h-1 and 36.76 g NDF h-1). The feeding efficiency (FE) had a linear reduction (P = 0.045) of 0.42 g NDF h-1, but was similar for g DM h-1 (172.5). The daily intake of DM and NDF showed W points estimated at 51.96% and 30.67% NC, respectively. The variables NRB, TCT, and FE (g NDF h-1) had W points estimated at 56.64%, 56.19%, and 56.33% NC, respectively. The Brazil nut cake, when present at levels greater than 56% of the diet’s DM, affects the ingestive behavior of the animals, particularly rumination-related variables, and at levels of 30.67%, it begins to affect the consumption of NDF, primarily due to the ether extract content and the diet’s fiber source.
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Huang, Xuequn, Akio Yoshikoshi, Kunihiro Hirano, and Akio Sakanishi. "Effects of contrast media on erythrocyte aggregation during sedimentation." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 81, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y03-037.
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To evaluate the effects of contrast media (CMs) on erythrocyte aggregation, we measured the erythrocyte sedimentation with Westergren method at 25°C. CMs were diatrizoate (Urografin® 76%) for ionic CM and iopamidol (Iopamiron® 370) for nonionic CM. Swine red blood cells (RBCs) were suspended in autologous plasma containing diatrizoate (URO), iopamidol (IOP), and saline (SAL) at 6.7% w/w, as well as in plasma alone (PLA), at 40% of the hematocrit. Sigmoid sedimentation curves were fitted to the Puccini et al. (1977) equation, and the average number of RBCs per aggregate m was calculated by Stokes' law against the time t. According to the MurataSecomb (1988) theory we estimated the collision rate K between two aggregates from dm/dt in the stationary phase during sedimentation. Corresponding to the maximal ESR, the dm/dt (in cells/s) was 0.52 in PLA, 0.09 in SAL, 0.06 in URO and 0.03 in IOP, so that K also decreased in proportion to dm/dt from 145 fL/s in PLA to 8 fL/s in IOP. Both the ionic and nonionic CMs tend to inhibit the RBC aggregation more than that in SAL; the latter iopamidol appears to be inhibitory more than the former diatrizoate in autologous plasma.Key words: erythrocyte sedimentation, RBC aggregation, contrast media, diatrizoate, iopamidol.
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Holze, R. "W. J. Lorenz and W. Plieth: Electrochemical Nanotechnology, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, ISBN 3-527-29520-0, XI+324p., DM 198,-." Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 102, no. 9 (September 1998): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19981020952.
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Doblado, Andrea O., Sebastian E. Mejia-Turcios, Nadira J. Espinoza-Rock, Evandro Dias, Michael Sandes, Rafael C. Araujo, Francine M. Ciriaco, Jhones O. Sarturi, Nicolas DiLorenzo, and Darren D. Henry. "407 Effects of calcium-ammonium nitrate on in vitro ruminal fermentation using a wheat forage based substrate." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.340.
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Abstract A randomized complete block design was used to evaluate in vitro ruminal total gas and methane production, N-NH3 concentration, and digestibility of wheat forage when incubated with calcium-ammonium nitrate (CAN). The in vitro fermentation consisted of 50 mL of a 4:1 buffer:ruminal fluid inoculum and 0.7 g of substrate [DM; wheat (Triticum aestivum; 100%) or wheat:corn (88:12)] incubated for 48 h. Batches were incubated on 4 separate days. Treatments included: 1) wheat (W); 2) wheat + corn (WC); 3) WC + 2% CAN in the substrate DM (WCN); and 4) WC + 0.67% UREA in the substrate DM (WCU). Treatments WCN and WCU were isonitrogenous. In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was determined after incubation for 48 h with inoculum, followed by a 48 h incubation with HCl and pepsin solutions. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of day (block). Batch was considered the experimental unit. Total gas production was reduced by WCN compared with WCU (P = 0.049) and WC (P = 0.001). The addition of corn without NPN increased (P = 0.004) total gas production compared to wheat. An increased (P = 0.009) IVOMD was observed for WC compared to W, while no differences (P = 0.416) were observed between WCN and WCU. Ammonia-N concentration was not different (P = 0.463) between WCN and WCU; and the inclusion of NPN increased (P ≤ 0.026) NH3-N concentration compared to W. Methane production (mmol/g OM fermented) was lesser (P < 0.001) for WCN compared to WCU. Total VFA concentration and acetate:propionate were not affected by treatment (P > 0.05). Therefore, CAN can potentially be used as a NPN source with the additional benefit of in vitro methane mitigation without negatively affecting IVOMD or total VFA concentration.